The Addams Family

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For other uses, see The Addams Family (disambiguation).

One of Charles Addams' original cartoons, An Addams Family Holiday, showing (from left to right) Pugsley, Wednesday, Gomez, Fester, and Morticia Addams.

The Addams Family is a fictional household created by American cartoonist Charles Addams. The Addams Family characters have traditionally included Gomez and Morticia Addams, their children Wednesday and Pugsley, close family members Uncle Fester and Grandmama, their butler Lurch, the disembodied hand Thing, and Gomez's Cousin Itt.[a]

The Addamses are a satirical inversion of the ideal 20th-century American family: an odd wealthy aristocratic clan who delight in the macabre and are seemingly unaware, or do not care, that other people find them bizarre or frightening. They originally appeared as an unrelated group of 150 single-panel cartoons, about half of which were originally published in The New Yorker between their debut in 1938 and Charles Addams' death in 1988. They have since been adapted to other media. In 1964, a live-action television series, starring John Astin and Carolyn Jones, premiered on ABC and subsequently inspired a 1977 television film and cameos from the cast in other shows. An unrelated animated series aired in 1973. The franchise was revived in the 1990s with a feature film series consisting of The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993). Both received nominations for Academy Awards, BAFTA Awards, and Hugo Awards. For her role as Morticia, Anjelica Huston was twice nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, and Raúl Juliá (as Gomez), Christina Ricci (Wednesday), Christopher Lloyd (Fester), and Joan Cusack (Fester's wife, Debbie Jellinsky, in the sequel) received multiple Saturn Award and American Comedy Award nominations for their portrayals. The films inspired a second animated series (1992–1993) set in the same fictional universe but with Astin reprising his role as the voice of Gomez. It was nominated for four Daytime Emmy Awards, including one for Astin. Following Juliá's death, the series was rebooted with a 1998 direct-to-video film starring Tim Curry and Daryl Hannah, and a spin-off live-action television series (1998–1999). A decade later, a live musical adaptation featuring Nathan Lane and Bebe Neuwirth opened on Broadway and was nominated for two Tony Awards and eight Drama Desk Awards. The franchise has become a staple of popular culture and has also spawned a video game series, academic books, and soundtracks based around its Grammy-nominated theme song.

The family has had a profound influence on American comics, cinema and television,[1][2][3] and has been seen as an inspiration for the goth subculture and its fashion.[4][5] According to The Telegraph, the Addamses "are one of the most iconic families in American history, up there with the Kennedys".[6] Similarly, Time has compared "the relevance and the cultural reach" of the family with those of the Kennedys and Roosevelts, "so much a part of the American landscape that it's difficult to discuss the country's history [...] without mentioning them".[7] For TV Guide, which listed the characters in the top ten of The 60 Greatest TV Families of All Time, the Addamses "provid[ed] the design for cartoonish clans to come, like the Flintstones and the Simpsons".[8] Owing to their popularity, the first feature-length adaption has been identified as a "cult film",[9] while Addams Family Values was listed one of The 50 Best family films by The Guardian[10] and nominated for the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Laughs at the turn of the century.[11] Ricci's portrayal of Wednesday in the film series was ranked one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters by Empire,[12] and AOL named Morticia one of The 100 Most Memorable Female TV Characters in 2011.[13]

Premise and background[edit]

The New Yorker cartoons[edit]

Addams Family cosplayers

Addams' original cartoons were one-panel gags. The characters were undeveloped and unnamed until the television series production.

Gomez and Pugsley are enthusiastic. Morticia is even in disposition, muted, witty, sometimes deadly. Grandma Frump is foolishly good-natured. Wednesday is her mother's daughter. A closely knit family, the real head being Morticia—although each of the others is a definite character—except for Grandma, who is easily led. Many of the troubles they have as a family are due to Grandma's fumbling, weak character. The house is a wreck, of course, but this is a house-proud family just the same and every trap door is in good repair. Money is no problem.

— Charles Addams[14]

The family appears to be a single surviving branch of the Addams clan. Many other "Addams families" exist all over the world. According to the film version, the family credo is, Sic gorgiamus allos subjectatos nunc (pseudo-Latin: "We gladly feast on those who would subdue us"). Charles Addams was first inspired by his hometown of Westfield, New Jersey, an area full of ornate Victorian mansions and archaic graveyards.[15] In the original comics series they live in a gothic house on Cemetery Ridge. According to the television series, they live in a gloomy mansion adjacent to a cemetery and a swamp. In The Addams Family musical (first shown in Chicago in 2009), the house is located in Central Park.[16]

Although most of the humor derives from the fact that they share macabre interests, the Addamses are not evil. They are a close-knit extended family. Morticia is an exemplary mother, and she and Gomez remain passionate towards each other. Created by the television series writers, she calls him "bubbeleh",[17] to which he responds by kissing her arms, behavior Morticia can also provoke by speaking a few words in French (the meaning is not important; any French will do). The parents are supportive of their children. The family is friendly and hospitable to visitors, in some cases willing to donate large sums of money to causes (television series and films), despite the visitors' horror at the Addamses' peculiar lifestyle.

Charles Addams began as a cartoonist in The New Yorker with a sketch of a window washer that ran on February 6, 1932.[18] His cartoons ran regularly in the magazine from 1938, when he drew the first instance of what came to be called The Addams Family, until his death in 1988.[18]

In 1946, Addams met science-fiction writer Ray Bradbury after having drawn an illustration for Bradbury's short story "Homecoming" in Mademoiselle magazine, the first in a series of tales chronicling a family of Illinois monsters, the Elliotts. Bradbury and Addams became friends and planned to collaborate on a book of the Elliott Family's complete history, with Bradbury writing and Addams providing the illustrations; but it never materialized. Bradbury's Elliott Family stories were anthologized in From the Dust Returned (2001), with a connecting narrative, an explanation of his work with Addams, and Addams's 1946 Mademoiselle illustration used for the book's cover jacket. Although Addams's own characters were well established by the time of their initial encounter, in a 2001 interview, Bradbury states that Addams "went his way and created the Addams Family and I went my own way and created my family in this book."[19]

Adaptations[edit]

Television[edit]

The Addams Family (1964–1966)[edit]

Main article: The Addams Family (1964 TV series)

In 1964, the ABC TV network created The Addams Family television series based on Addams's cartoon characters. The series was shot in black-and-white and aired for two seasons in 64 half-hour episodes (September 18, 1964 – September 2, 1966). During the original television run of The Addams Family television series, The New Yorker editor William Shawn refused to publish any Addams Family cartoons, though he continued to publish other Charles Addams cartoons. Shawn regarded his magazine as targeting a more refined readership and did not want it associated with characters who could be seen on television by just anybody. After Shawn's 1987 retirement, the characters were welcomed back to The New Yorker.

The New Scooby-Doo Movies (1972)[edit]

The Addams Family's first animated appearance was on the third episode of Hanna-Barbera's The New Scooby-Doo Movies, "Scooby-Doo Meets the Addams Family" (a.k.a. "Wednesday is Missing"), which first aired on CBS Saturday morning, September 23, 1972. Four of the original cast (John Astin, Carolyn Jones, Jackie Coogan, and Ted Cassidy) returned for the special, which involved the Addamses in a mystery with the Scooby-Doo gang. The Addams Family characters were drawn to the specifications of the original Charles Addams cartoons. After the episode aired, fans wanted more animated adventures featuring the Addamses, and Hanna-Barbera obliged.

The Addams Family Fun-House (1973)[edit]

In late 1972, ABC produced a pilot for a live-action musical variety show titled The Addams Family Fun-House. The cast included Jack Riley and Liz Torres as Gomez and Morticia (the pair also co-wrote the special), Stubby Kaye as Uncle Fester, Pat McCormick as Lurch and Butch Patrick (who had played Eddie Munster in The Munsters) as Pugsley. Felix Silla reprised his role of Cousin Itt, connecting it to the original TV series. The pilot aired in 1973, but was not picked up for a series.[20]

The Addams Family (1973–1975)[edit]

Main article: The Addams Family (1973 animated series)

The first animated series ran on Saturday mornings from 1973 to 1975 on NBC. In a departure from the original series, this series took the Addamses on the road in a Victorian-style RV. This series also marked the point where the relations between characters were changed so that Fester was now Gomez's brother, and Grandmama was now Morticia's mother (though the old relations would be revisited in the 1977 television movie, to retain continuity with the original sitcom). Although Coogan and Cassidy reprised their roles, Astin and Jones did not, their parts being recast with Hanna-Barbera voice talents Lennie Weinrib as Gomez and Janet Waldo as Morticia, while a ten-year-old Jodie Foster provided the voice of Pugsley. Again, the characters were drawn to the specifications of the original Charles Addams cartoons. One season was produced, and the second season consisted of reruns. A complementary comic book series was produced in connection with the show, but it lasted only three issues. The show's theme music was completely different and had no lyrics and no finger snaps, although it retained a bit of the four-note score from the live-action show.

Halloween with the New Addams Family (1977)[edit]

Main article: Halloween with the New Addams Family

A television reunion movie, Halloween with the New Addams Family, aired on NBC on Sunday, October 30, 1977. It features most of the original cast, except Blossom Rock, who had played Grandmama. She was still alive but was very ill at the time; she was replaced by Jane Rose. Veteran character actors Parley Baer and Vito Scotti, who both had recurring roles in the original series, also appeared in the movie. The movie has a slightly different version of the theme song; the finger snaps are used but not the lyrics.

Gomez and Morticia have had two more children, Wednesday, Jr. and Pugsley, Jr., who strongly resemble their older siblings. Gomez's brother, Pancho, is staying with the family while Gomez attends a lodge meeting in Tombstone, Arizona. Gomez is jealous of his brother, who once courted Morticia. Halloween is nigh, and Pancho tells the children the legend of the Great Pumpkin-like character of Cousin Shy, who distributes gifts and carves pumpkins for good children on Halloween night. Wednesday (now called "Wednesday, Sr.") is home from music academy, where she is studying the piccolo (breaking glass with it). Pugsley (now "Pugsley, Sr.") is home from Nairobi medical school, where he is training to be a witch doctor. The family's home has been bugged by a gang of crooks who intend to steal the family fortune. Lafferty, the boss, sends a gang member named Mikey into the house to investigate. Mikey panics and flees after treading on the tail of Kitty Kat the lion. The crooks employ a fake Gomez and Morticia to help in their plans, along with two strong-arm goons, Hercules and Atlas. Gomez returns home for the Halloween party and trimming of the scarecrow. Lafferty poses as Quincy Addams (from Boston) to gain entrance to the house during the party. He has his men tie up Gomez and Morticia, and his doubles take their places, confusing Pancho, who is still in love with Morticia, and Ophelia, who is still in love with Gomez. Gomez and Morticia escape (thanks to the "Old Piccolo Game"), and rejoin the party, only to have Lafferty use various methods to try to get rid of them. Lurch scares off the thugs and terrifies Lafferty's other assistant. Fester, trying to be nice, puts Lafferty on the rack. Lafferty tries to escape through the secret passage and steps on Kitty Kat's tail. When the police arrive, the crooks gladly surrender. The Addamses are then free to celebrate Halloween happily, ending the night by singing together in welcome for Cousin Shy.

The Addams Family: The Animated Series (1992–1993)[edit]

Main article: The Addams Family (1992 animated series)

The remake series ran on Saturday mornings from 1992 to 1993 on ABC after producers realized the success of the 1991 Addams Family movie. This series returned to the familiar format of the original series, with the Addams Family facing their sitcom situations at home. John Astin returned to the role of Gomez, and celebrities Rip Taylor and Carol Channing took over the roles of Fester and Grandmama, respectively. Veteran voice actors Jim Cummings, Debi Derryberry, Jeannie Elias and Pat Fraley did the voices of Lurch, Wednesday, Pugsley and Cousin Itt, respectively. New artistic models of the characters were used for this series, though still having a passing resemblance to the original cartoons. Two seasons were produced, with the third year containing reruns. Oddly in this series, Wednesday maintained her macabre, brooding attitude from the Addams Family movies, but her facial expressions and body language conveyed the happy-go-lucky, fun attitude of her portrayal in the original television show. The original Vic Mizzy theme song, although slightly different, was used for the opening.

The New Addams Family (1998–1999)[edit]

Main article: The New Addams Family

The New Addams Family was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and ran for 65 episodes (one more than the original TV series) during the 1998–1999 season on the then-newly launched Fox Family Channel. Many storylines from the original series were reworked for this new series, incorporating more modern elements and jokes. John Astin returned to the franchise in some episodes of this series, albeit as "Grandpapa" Addams (Gomez's grandfather, a character introduced in Addams Family Reunion). The cast included Glenn Taranto as Gomez Addams, Ellie Harvie as Morticia, Michael Roberds as Fester, Brody Smith as Pugsley, Nicole Fugere (the only cast member from Addams Family Reunion to return) as Wednesday, John DeSantis as Lurch, Betty Phillips as Grandmama and Steven Fox as Thing.

Feature films[edit]

Crew/Detail Films
The Addams Family
(1991) 		Addams Family Values
(1993) 		Addams Family Reunion
(1998)
Director Barry Sonnenfeld Dave Payne
Producer Scott Rudin Mike Elliott
Writer(s) Caroline Thompson
Larry Wilson 		Paul Rudnick Rob Kerchner
Scott Sandin
Based on The Addams Family
by Charles Addams
Composer Marc Shaiman Marc Shaiman
Ralph Sall 		Amotz Plessner
Cinematography Owen Roizman Donald Peterman Christian Sebaldt
Editor(s) Dede Allen Arthur Schmidt
Jim Miller 		J. J. Jackson
Production company Orion Pictures N/A Saban Entertainment
Distributor Paramount Pictures Warner Home Video
Runtime 99 minutes 94 minutes 91 minutes
Release date November 22, 1991 November 19, 1993 September 22, 1998

The Addams Family (1991)[edit]

Main article: The Addams Family (1991 film)

In the 1990s, Orion Pictures (which by then had inherited the rights to the series) developed a film version, The Addams Family (released on November 22, 1991). Due to the studio's financial troubles at the time, Orion sold the US rights to the film to Paramount Pictures.

Addams Family Values (1993)[edit]

Main article: Addams Family Values

Upon the last film's success, a sequel followed: Addams Family Values (released on November 19, 1993, with worldwide distribution by Paramount). Loosened content restrictions allowed the films to use far more grotesque humor that strove to keep the original spirit of the Addams cartoons (in fact, several gags were lifted straight from the single-panel cartoons). The two movies used the same cast, except for Grandmama, played by Judith Malina and Carol Kane in the first and second films, respectively. A script for a third film was prepared in 1994, but was abandoned after the sudden death of actor Raúl Juliá.

Addams Family Reunion (1998)[edit]

Main article: Addams Family Reunion

Another film, Addams Family Reunion, was released direct-to-video on September 22, 1998, this time by Warner Bros. through its video division. It has no relation to the Paramount movies, being in fact a full-length pilot for a second live-action television version, The New Addams Family, produced and shot in Canada. The third movie's Gomez, played by Tim Curry, follows the style of Raúl Juliá, while the new sitcom's Gomez, played by Glenn Taranto, is played in the style of John Astin, who had played the character in the 1960s. The only actors in this Warner Bros./Saban Entertainment production to have played in the previous Paramount films were Carel Struycken as Lurch and Christopher Hart as Thing.

Canceled film[edit]

In 2010, it was announced that Illumination Entertainment, in partnership with Universal Pictures, had acquired the underlying rights to the Addams Family drawings.[21] The film was planned to be a stop-motion animated film based on Charles Addams's original drawings. Tim Burton was set to co-write and co-produce the film, with a possibility to direct.[22] In July 2013, it was reported that the film was cancelled.[23]

Reboot[edit]

Main article: The Addams Family (2019 film)

On October 31, 2013, it was announced in Variety that Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer will be reviving The Addams Family as an animated film with Pamela Pettler to write the screenplay and Andrew Mittman and Kevin Miserocchi to executive produce the film and were in final negotiations with BermanBraun's Gail Berman and Lloyd Braun to produce.[24] By October 2017, Conrad Vernon had been hired to direct the film, which he will also produce along with Berman and Alex Schwartz, based on a screenplay written by Pettler, with revisions by Matt Lieberman.[25] The film is scheduled to be released on October 11, 2019.[26]

Homages and adaptations[edit]

Video games[edit]

Main article: The Addams Family (video game series)

Six video games released from 1989 to 1999 were based on The Addams Family.

Pinball[edit]

Further information: The Addams Family (pinball)

A pinball game by Midway (under the Bally label) was released in 1992 shortly after the movie. It is the best-selling pinball game of all time.[28]

Books[edit]

The Addams Family[edit]

This first novelisation of the television series, written by Jack Sharkey, was released near the end of the show's second season. The book details the family's arrival in their new home and explains how it got its bizarre décor. The arrival and origins of Thing are explained. Each chapter reads as a self-contained story, like episodes of the television show. The novel concludes with the Addams family discovering that their lives will be the basis for a new television series. It was published in paperback by Pyramid Books in 1965.[29]

The Addams Family Strikes Back[edit]

The Addams Family Strikes Back by W.F. Miksch tells how Gomez plans to rehabilitate the image of Benedict Arnold by running for the local school board. The tone and characterizations in this book resemble the TV characters much more closely than in the first novel. Cousin Itt appears as a minor character in this story, but as a tiny, three-legged creature rather than the hairy, derby-hatted character seen on television and in the movies. The novel was published in paperback form by Pyramid Books in 1965.[29]

The Addams Family: An Evilution[edit]

Further information: The Addams Family: An Evilution

The Addams Family: An Evilution is a book about the "evilution" of The Addams Family characters, with more than 200 published and previously unpublished cartoons, and includes text by Charles Addams and H. Kevin Miserocchi, Director of the Tee and Charles Addams Foundation. The book was published by Pomegranate Press in 2010.

Advertising[edit]

In 1994, the actors cast as the Addamses in the first two films (sans the recently deceased Raúl Juliá) were in several Japanese television spots for the Honda Odyssey.[30] The Addamses are seen speaking Japanese – most prominently Gomez (for whom a voice actor was used to impersonate Juliá while footage from Addams Family Values was seen) and Morticia.[31]

In 2007 and 2008, the Addams Family appeared as M&M's in an advertising campaign for M&M's Dark Chocolate.[32]

Soundtrack[edit]

A CD compilation of the music from The Addams Family TV Series was released in 1991 featuring the theme song from The Addams Family and each of the characters theme music as well as incidental music from the TV series.

Musical[edit]

The Addams Family (2010)[edit]

Main article: The Addams Family (musical)

In May 2007, it was announced that a musical inspired by The Addams Family drawings by Charles Addams was being developed for the Broadway stage. Broadway veterans Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice wrote the book, and Andrew Lippa wrote the score. Julian Crouch and Phelim McDermott (Improbable theatre founders) directed and designed the production, with choreography by Sergio Trujillo.[33] A workshop and private industry presentation was held August 4–8, 2008. Featured in the cast were Bebe Neuwirth as Morticia, Krysta Rodriguez as Wednesday, and Nathan Lane as Gomez. In addition, Kevin Chamberlin played Uncle Fester and Zachary James played Lurch.

The musical opened in previews at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on Broadway on March 8, 2010, with an official opening on April 8,[34] after an out-of-town tryout in Chicago at the Ford Center for the Performing Arts from November 13, 2009 to January 10, 2010.[35][36] The cast includes Lane as Gomez, Neuwirth as Morticia, Terrence Mann as Mal Beineke, Carolee Carmello as Alice Beineke, Chamberlin as Uncle Fester, Jackie Hoffman as Grandma, Zachary James as Lurch, Krysta Rodriguez as Wednesday, and Wesley Taylor as Wednesday's love interest, Lucas Beineke.[37] The Broadway production ran for 22 months, closing on December 31, 2011, after 35 previews and 722 performances.[38]

The Addams Family (2017)[edit]

On September 5, 2016 it was announced that the Addams Family musical would premiere in the UK, on a major UK and Ireland tour produced by James Yeoburn and Stuart Matthew Price for United Theatrical, and Katy Lipson for Aria Entertainment, with Music & Lyrics as co-producer. The production is to be directed by Matthew White and is reported to open at Edinburgh Festival Theatre on April 20, 2017 starring Samantha Womack, Les Dennis and Carrie Hope Fletcher.[39]

Cast and characters[edit]

Show Gomez Addams Morticia Addams Pugsley Addams Wednesday Addams Uncle Fester Grandmama Lurch Thing Cousin Itt
The Addams Family (1964–66) John Astin Carolyn Jones Ken Weatherwax Lisa Loring Jackie Coogan Blossom Rock Ted Cassidy Ted Cassidy / Jack Voglin Felix Silla
The New Scooby-Doo Movies (1972) John Astin Carolyn Jones Jackie Coogan Ted Cassidy
The Addams Family Fun-House (1972) Jack Riley Liz Torres Butch Patrick Noelle Von Sonn Stubby Kaye Pat McCormick Felix Silla
The Addams Family (1973–74) Lennie Weinrib Janet Waldo Jodie Foster Cindy Henderson Jackie Coogan Janet Waldo Ted Cassidy John Stephenson
Halloween with the New Addams Family (1977) John Astin Carolyn Jones Ken Weatherwax Lisa Loring Jackie Coogan Jane Rose Ted Cassidy Ted Cassidy Felix Silla
The Addams Family (1992–1993) John Astin Nancy Linari Jeannie Elias Debi Derryberry Rip Taylor Carol Channing Jim Cummings Pat Fraley
The Addams Family (1991) Raúl Juliá Anjelica Huston Jimmy Workman Christina Ricci Christopher Lloyd Judith Malina Carel Struycken Christopher Hart John Franklin
Addams Family Values (1993) Raúl Juliá Anjelica Huston Jimmy Workman Christina Ricci Christopher Lloyd Carol Kane Carel Struycken Christopher Hart John Franklin
Addams Family Reunion (1998) Tim Curry Daryl Hannah Jerry Messing Nicole Fugere Patrick Thomas Alice Ghostley Carel Struycken Christopher Hart Phil Fondacaro
The New Addams Family (1998–99) Glenn Taranto Ellie Harvie Brody Smith Nicole Fugere Michael Roberds Betty Phillips John DeSantis Steven Fox David Mylrea / Paul Dobson
The Addams Family (musical) (2010) Nathan Lane Bebe Neuwirth Adam Riegler Krysta Rodriguez Kevin Chamberlin Jackie Hoffman Zachary James Fred Inkley Fred Inkley
The Addams Family (2019) Oscar Isaac Charlize Theron Finn Wolfhard Chloë Grace Moretz Nick Kroll Bette Midler

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ There are canonical differences between the various incarnations of the family. In the two feature films, both animated series, and the 1998 television film, Fester Addams is Gomez's brother and Grandmama is Morticia's mother. In his notes for the original cartoons, Charles Addams refers to the latter as Grandma Frump, rendering her Wednesday's and Pugsley's maternal grandmother.[40] In the first live action television series, however, Fester is Morticia's maternal uncle (via her mother, Hester Frump) and Grandmama Addams is Gomez's mother.
    In Addams Family Values, Gomez and Morticia welcome a third child, Pubert Addams.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kelly, Stephen (December 3, 2016). "The Addams Family: Volume One". Pop Matters. Retrieved May 9, 2017. The Addams Family [...] left an indelible mark on pop culture [...] was an obvious influence on future pop culture icons [...] gained a loyal cult following, and [...] influenced the work of future ghoulmeisters like Tim Burton. 
  2. ^ Mankoff, Bob (March 11, 2010). "Charles Addams". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 9, 2017. I think [Charles Addams'] influence is, like the man, largish. [...] In cartooning, you can see the direct influence of his work in someone like Gahan Wilson, and [...] his influence extends beyond the horror genre, to humor 
  3. ^ Healy, Patrick (January 5, 2010). "That Old Black Magic, So Hard to Recapture". The New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2017. Addams's [...] influence is reflected not only in the work of generations of cartoonists but also in movies like "A Nightmare on Elm Street," and those by Wes Craven, and television shows like "The Simpsons." 
  4. ^ Copeland, Libby (July 14, 2016). "Goth at 40: The Enduring Appeal of Bleakness and Black Lipstick". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 
  5. ^ Staff (February 15, 2015). "Inspired by Alexander Wang's Walk on the Dark Side, Fashion's Favorite Goths". Vogue. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 
  6. ^ Chilton, Martin (December 9, 2014). "The Addams Family v The Munsters". The Telegraph. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 
  7. ^ Cosgrove, Ben (September 16, 2014). "'Addams Family' Hopefuls: Photos From Auditions for a Classic TV Show". Time. Retrieved May 11, 2017. 
  8. ^ Fretts, Bruce (June 11, 2013). "The 60 Greatest TV Families of All Time". TV Guide. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 
  9. ^ Silverman, Rosa (November 16, 2014). "I based Morticia Addams on Jerry Hall, says Anjelica Huston". The Telegraph. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 
  10. ^ Docter, Pete; Peterson, Bob (October 11, 2010). "The 50 Best Family Films". The Guardian. Retrieved May 8, 2017. 
  11. ^ AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs Nominees
  12. ^ Staff (March 6, 2017). "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters". Empire. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 
  13. ^ Potts, Kim (March 2, 2011). "100 Most Memorable Female TV Characters". AOL TV. Retrieved July 16, 2012. 
  14. ^ Miserocchi, H. Kevin; Charles Addams (March 31, 2010). The Addams Family: An Evilution. Pomegranate Books. ISBN 978-0-7649-5388-0. 
  15. ^ Potter Kass, Christy (October 13, 2010). "Westfield Native Charles Addams Still Very Much a Part of his Hometown; Addams Family Online Drawing Contest Ends October 20th". TheAlternativePress.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2010. 
  16. ^ Jones, Chris (December 10, 2009). "'The Addams Family' at Oriental Theatre: In need of more 'Family' time". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2010-11-16. 
  17. ^ Austro-Bavarian/Yiddish: Lit. "little boy"
  18. ^ a b Maslin, Janet (October 26, 2006), "In Search of the Dark Muse of a Master of the Macabre", The New York Times, p. E9, retrieved 2006-10-26 
  19. ^ Grant, Gavin J. (2000). "Ray Bradbury Interview Part 1". IndieBound. Retrieved 2010-12-04. 
  20. ^ MemorableTV.com. "The Addams Family Fun-House". MemorableTV.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2010. 
  21. ^ Mike Fleming (March 18, 2010). "Tim Burton's Next 3D Animated Film? Da Da Da Da, Snap Snap: 'The Addams Family'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2010-07-10. 
  22. ^ Fleming, Mike (August 19, 2010). "Tim Burton Reunites With 'Ed Wood' Scribes For 'Addams Family' And 'Big Eyes'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2010-11-16. 
  23. ^ Debruge, Peter (July 17, 2013). "Illumination Chief Chris Meledandri Lines Up Originals for Universal". Variety. Retrieved July 18, 2013. At the same time, Illumination has scrapped a number of planned movie ideas. "Waldo" and a Tim Burton-helmed, stop-motion "The Addams Family" are dead. The company abandoned a Woody Woodpecker pic, and couldn't crack "Clifford the Big Red Dog." 
  24. ^ Dave McNary. "'Addams Family' Reborn As Animated Movie at MGM (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. 
  25. ^ Kit, Borys (October 12, 2017). "'Sausage Party' Director Tackling 'The Addams Family' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 14, 2017. 
  26. ^ "Oscar Isaac in Talks to Voice Gomez Addams in Animated 'Addams Family'". Variety Magazine. December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017. 
  27. ^ "'Adult Wednesday Addams' Is Simply Incredible". Bloody Disgusting!. 
  28. ^ Porges, Seth (August 5, 2008). "Top 8 Most Innovative Pinball Machines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2010-12-05. 
  29. ^ a b "Publication: The Addams Family". www.isfdb.org. Retrieved 2018-01-15. 
  30. ^ Pollack, Andrew (October 17, 1994). "Honda Set to Play Catch-Up in Mini-Van Market". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-12-04. 
  31. ^ paulafromtwoson (March 25, 2007). "Japanese Car Commercials". Addamses: The Addams Family Archive. Retrieved 2010-12-04. 
  32. ^ TV Series Finale (April 30, 2007). "The Addams Family: A Spooky Yet Sweet Return". TV Series Finale. Retrieved 2010-12-04. 
  33. ^ Jones, Kenneth (May 21, 2007). "Go, Go, Go Gomez! Addams Family Musical, by Lippa, Brickman and Elice, In Development". Playbill. Archived from the original on August 15, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010. 
  34. ^ Jones, Kenneth (December 29, 2009). "Zaks Is New Patriarch of Addams Family; Previews Will Now Begin March 8". Playbill. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2010. 
  35. ^ Jones, Kenneth; Gans, Andrew (August 4, 2008). "Lane, Neuwirth, Chamberlin, McCarthy and Arden Featured in Addams Family Reading". Playbill. Archived from the original on August 15, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010. 
  36. ^ Gans, Andrew. "Addams Family Sings Together in NYC Workshop of New Musical, With Lane and Neuwirth" Archived August 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine., playbill.com, January 2009
  37. ^ Jones, Kenneth. "Addams Family Musical to Star Lane, Neuwirth, Carmello, Hoffman, Chamberlin and More", playbill.com, May 11, 2009
  38. ^ Winer, Linda (August 24, 2011). ""Addams Family" to close". Newsday. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
  39. ^ http://www.whatsonstage.com/edinburgh-theatre/news/the-addams-family-musical-uk-tour_41694.html
  40. ^ Miserocchi, Kevin, (2010) The Addams Family: An Evilution, p.2 (online sample pages)

External links[edit]

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