1.
Spank Rock
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Naeem Juwan, better known by his stage name Spank Rock, is an American rapper and songwriter from Baltimore. He rose to fame with his 2006 album YoYoYoYoYo, which was produced by group member Alex Epton. A harbinger of alternative rap, the duo became known for its mixing of disparate hip hop and club genres, including Baltimore club, Miami bass, electro music. In 2007, Epton left the group to pursue his own production while Juwan went on to release the Bangers & Cash EP with pop producer Benny Blanco, Juwan grew up in West Baltimore in a row home alongside five sisters and two brothers. As a teenager, Juwan frequented clubs such as Paradox, where DJs played Baltimore club music, in high school, his older sister introduced him to Brooklyn-based producer J. Period, known for producing records by underground rappers Mos Def and Artifacts. J. Period mentored Juwan and helped him improve his skills as a rapper for some time, Juwan and Epton started performing under the name Spank Rock together in Philadelphia and Phoenixville, where their reputation quickly increased. They later toured with Hollertronix and M. I. A and they also toured with Beck in 2006. Spank Rocks debut album YoYoYoYoYo was released in 2006 on the Big Dada record label and their single, Bump, was named Single of the Year by Xfm London breakfast DJ Lauren Laverne in 2006. In late 2007, Alex Epton aka XXXchange, left Spank Rock to pursue his own production while Naeem Juwan signed a deal with Downtown Records. Spank Rocks first Downtown Records release came in the form of fall 2007s Benny Blanco & Spank Rock Present, Bangers & Cash EP, a 2 Live Crew inspired 5 song EP. Spank Rock also contributed a rap on the Benny Blanco remix of the track Heart Beat Rock, in 2010, MC Spank Rock was featured along with The Views Kyle Falconer on The Bike Song by Mark Ronson, which featured on Ronsons 2010 album Record Collection. He was also the rapper on the albums 2010 UK tour. In September 2011, Spank Rock released his second album, Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fucking Liar on his own label. Pitchfork. com premiered the first single from the album, titled Energy, produced by Boys Noize, rolling Stone premiered the album in September 2011 on their website. The album featured production from Boys Noize, XXXChange, Sam Spiegel, after the release of his album, Spank Rock was one of the faces of Alexander Wangs 2011 T collection, along with Santigold. In 2012, Spank Rock released a second EP, E. I. B. A. E. I. A. F. L. Remixes, in 2012 Naeem Juwan co-wrote the Boys Noize-produced track Look at These Hoes from Santigolds LP Master of My Make-Believe. The EP premiered on December 9,2014 following a stream of the entire EP on Dazed & Confused. Lead single Gully was remixed by Brodinski and Switch, and has received play on BBC Radio 1
2.
Melbourne
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
3.
Victoria (Australia)
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Victoria is a state in southeast Australia. Victoria is Australias most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall, most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city, Melbourne, Australias second-largest city. Prior to British European settlement, the area now constituting Victoria was inhabited by a number of Aboriginal peoples. With Great Britain having claimed the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east in 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay, and much of what is now Victoria was included in the Port Phillip District in 1836, Victoria was officially created as a separate colony in 1851, and achieved self-government in 1855. Politically, Victoria has 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate, at state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. Victoria is currently governed by the Labor Party, with Daniel Andrews the current Premier, the personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau. Local government is concentrated in 79 municipal districts, including 33 cities, although a number of unincorporated areas still exist, Victorias total gross state product is ranked second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth in terms of GSP per capita because of its limited mining activity. Culturally, Melbourne is home to a number of museums, art galleries and theatres and is described as the sporting capital of Australia. The Melbourne Cricket Ground is the largest stadium in Australia, and the host of the 1956 Summer Olympics, Victoria has eight public universities, with the oldest, the University of Melbourne, having been founded in 1853. Victoria, like Queensland, was named after Queen Victoria, who had been on the British throne for 14 years when the colony was established in 1851. The first British settlement in the later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. In the year 1826 Colonel Stewart, Captain S. Wright, fly and the brigs Dragon and Amity, took a number of convicts and a small force composed of detachments of the 3rd and 93rd regiments. Victorias next settlement was at Portland, on the south west coast of what is now Victoria, edward Henty settled Portland Bay in 1834. Melbourne was founded in 1835 by John Batman, who set up a base in Indented Head, from settlement the region around Melbourne was known as the Port Phillip District, a separately administered part of New South Wales. Shortly after the now known as Geelong was surveyed by Assistant Surveyor W. H. Smythe. And in 1838 Geelong was officially declared a town, despite earlier white settlements dating back to 1826, days later, still in 1851 gold was discovered near Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo. Later discoveries occurred at sites across Victoria
4.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
5.
Astralwerks
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Astralwerks is a US-based record label primarily focused on electronic and dance music. A unit of Universal Music Group, its material is distributed via Capitol Music Group, some of the labels most popular recent releases have come from deadmau5, Mat Zo, Porter Robinson, Empire of the Sun, Nervo and Halsey. Below is an overview of the artists that have released material on Astralwerks, a number of the acts listed below are only distributed by Astralwerks, as it licenses a number of European acts for the US market. Astralwerks discography at Discogs Official Web site
6.
XL Recordings
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XL Recordings is an English independent record label founded in 1989 by Richard Russell, Tim Palmer and Nick Halkes, and owned by Russell and Beggars Group. The label originated as a 1989 offshoot of Beggars Banquet Records, though only releasing an average of six albums a year, XL Recordings has worked with Adele, Arca, Beck, Dizzee Rascal, Electric Six, FKA twigs, M. I. A. Gil Scott-Heron, Gotan Project, The Horrors, Jai Paul, King Krule, The Prodigy, Peaches, Radiohead, Sampha, SBTRKT, Sigur Rós, Tyler, The Creator, Vampire Weekend, The White Stripes and The xx. The label releases albums worldwide and operates across a range of genres, the label was launched in 1989 to release rave and dance music. However, with the success of such as The Prodigy and SL2. During the early nineties, XL Recordings releases were dance oriented ranging from Belgium techno to breakbeat hardcore to drum and this period of XLs history has been recorded on the XL Recordings Chapters compilation series. In 1993 Halkes left XL to form the EMI-owned commercial dance label Positiva, after Palmer retired Russell took over the running of the business. Russell later broadened the horizons of the label whilst maintaining a credo of working with artists he saw as original. June 2000 saw the release of Badly Drawn Boys The Hour of Bewilderbeast which won the 2000 Mercury Music Prize, the next year, The White Stripes third album White Blood Cells was released together with reissues of the bands previous albums, The White Stripes and De Stijl. In the same year XL released Dizzee Rascals first solo album, in March 2005, M. I. A. s debut album Arular was released after several months delay. Thom Yorke, from Radiohead, released his first solo record, The Eraser, in October 2007, Radiohead completed negotiations to sign with XL for physical release of their seventh studio album, In Rainbows. Radiohead subsequently went on to release through XL, and have so far released everything since their eighth studio album The King Of Limbs on the label, in March 2008 XL added Friendly Fires and The Horrors. Also in 2009, The xxs debut album xx was released on XL Recordings partner label Young Turks, on 11 January 2010, XL Recordings released Vampire Weekends second album Contra. It was the bands first album to number one on the US Billboard 200. Gil Scott-Herons thirteenth studio album Im New Here was released in February, it was Scott-Herons first release of material in sixteen years. Recording sessions for the album took place between 2007 and 2009 and production was handled by XL Recordings-owner Richard Russell, on 24 January 2011, XL Recordings released the album 21 by Adele. In February the 19-year-old OFWGKTA member Tyler, the Creator was signed for a deal for his second studio album. Singer Gil Scott-Heron died in May and his recordings, Im New Here
7.
EMI Records
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The label was later launched worldwide. Records Ltd. legal entity was created in 1957 as the record manufacturing and it oversaw EMIs various labels, including The Gramophone Co. Ltd. Columbia Graphophone Company, and Parlophone Co. Ltd, in July 1965, the standalone EMI Record companies were extracted from E. M. I. Records Ltd. and folded into The Gramophone Company Ltd, on 1 July 1973, The Gramophone Co. Ltd. was renamed EMI Records Ltd. Records Ltd. was wound down and its activities were absorbed into EMI Records Ltd, earlier, on 1 January 1973, all of The Gramophone Company Ltd. pop labels had been rebranded as EMI. EMI Records then signed new acts that became global successes, Kraftwerk, Renaissance, Queen, Olivia Newton-John, Iron Maiden, Kate Bush, Sheena Easton, Pink Floyd, in 1997, EMI Records American division was folded into Virgin Records. In 2010, EMI Records opened a music division, EMI Records Nashville, which includes on its roster Troy Olsen, Alan Jackson, Kelleigh Bannen. EMI Records Nashville is a label to the Capitol Nashville unit of Universal Music Group. EMI Christian Music Group was renamed Capitol Christian Music Group, EMI Classics was sold to Warner Music Group on February 2013. After EU regulatory approval, EMI Classics was absorbed into Warner Classics on July 2013, abbey Road Studios List of record labels
8.
Trifekta
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Trifekta is the name of a now defunct Australia based independent record label, based in Fitzroy, Victoria. It was started in 1997 by Tom Larnach-Jones, Tim Everest, the first release for the label was debut release for The Avalanches, a limited edition 7 single entitled Rock City. This was followed by another limited edition 7 single, this time Gerlings Bachelor Pad single, Towner returned to Sydney and not long after this, Everest left the label in the hands of Larnach-Jones, so that he could focus on his fashion label Schwipe. Bands released on the Trifekta label include, The Crayon Fields Deerhoof Magnolia Electric Co
9.
Sire Records
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Sire Records is an American record label that is owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Warner Bros. The label was founded in 1966 as Sire Productions by Seymour Stein and Richard Gottehrer and its early releases, in 1968, were distributed by London Records. From the beginning, Sire introduced underground, progressive British bands to the American market, early releases included the Climax Blues Band, Barclay James Harvest, Tomorrow, Matthews Southern Comfort and proto-punks The Deviants. In the 70s, Sire released a number of albums, including the 3 volume History Of British Rock series, and diverse artists such as The Turtles, Duane Eddy. ABC Records inherited Sires distribution contract when it acquired Famous Music in 1974, the UK signing policy was vindicated when Climax Blues Band scored a Top 40 hit in 1977 with Couldnt Get It Right. Also in 1977, Stein, who had worked with the group in the 1960s, convinced the Shangri-Las to reform, but the trio was unhappy with the quality of material it recorded, and opted out of its contract, the tracks have yet to be released. Sire returned to distribution in 1977 with a new arrangement with Warner Bros. Records, and the year, Warner acquired Sire outright. In 1994, Sire switched distribution from Warner Bros. Records to sister label Elektra Records, Stein had been appointed president of Elektra Records under Elektras newly appointed CEO Sylvia Rhone. Sire later left Elektra in 1997, becoming a label, and, in 2000, Sire. This partnership dissolved in April 2003, at point the company went back to being called Sire Records. Currently, it signs newcomers like the Ready Set and Lights, although an agreement was made in September 2009 and the videos returned, users have to view the WMG videos within YouTube itself, as embedding codes for them have been disabled. Like Reprise Records, Sire does not have its own website and operates under WBR as an imprint
10.
Elektra Records
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Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of folk music. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMGs Atlantic Records Group, after five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. The label has been run by Gregg Nadel since 2015 who officially became its president in 2017, Elektra was formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzmans St. Johns College dorm room. The usual spelling of the Greek mythological Pleiad Electra was changed, Holzman famously explained, I gave her the ‘K’ that I lacked. He found the C in the name too soft but liked the solid bite of the letter K. The first Elektra LP, New Songs, was a collection of Lieder and similar art songs, Holzman also recorded Josh White, who was without a record deal as a result of McCarthyite blacklisting. In 1964, Elektra launched Nonesuch Records and this classical budget label was the best-selling budget classical label of the era. In 1965, Elektra began a joint venture with Survey Music called Bounty Records which was Elektras first foray into pop music. The most notable signing for Bounty was the Paul Butterfield Band who was moved over to Elektra when Bounty folded, the labels most important signings were the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Los Angeles bands Love and The Doors, and the Detroit bands The Stooges and MC5. Included in Elektras LA signings were Tim Buckley and Bread, in 1968, the label also signed pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack to a three-album deal. Also in 1967, Elektra launched its influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, excerpts from several Nonesuch Explorer recordings were later included on the two Voyager Golden Discs which were sent into deep space in 1977 aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. Elektra, along with its Nonesuch Records subsidiary, was acquired by Kinney National Services in 1970, soon afterwards, Kinney consolidated their label holdings under the Warner-Elektra-Atlantic umbrella. Holzman remained in charge of Elektra until 1972, when it merged with Asylum Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, Asylums founder, David Geffen, would head the newly combined label. Holzman, in the meantime, was appointed vice president and chief technologist for Warner — ushering the company into home video. Holzman also went on to acquire Discovery Records, in 1975, Geffen stepped down due to health problems. He would be replaced by Joe Smith, who went on to become CEO of Capitol Records. Although the company was listed as Elektra/Asylum Records on the label credits
11.
Electronic music
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In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer. During the 1920s and 1930s, electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions for instruments were composed. Musique concrète, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds, Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s. An important new development was the advent of computers for the purpose of composing music, algorithmic composition was first demonstrated in Australia in 1951. In America and Europe, live electronics were pioneered in the early 1960s, during the 1970s to early 1980s, the monophonic Minimoog became once the most widely used synthesizer at that time in both popular and electronic art music. In the 1980s, electronic music became dominant in popular music, with a greater reliance on synthesizers, and the adoption of programmable drum machines. Electronically produced music became prevalent in the domain by the 1990s. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music. Today, pop music is most recognizable in its 4/4 form. At the turn of the 20th century, experimentation with emerging electronics led to the first electronic musical instruments and these initial inventions were not sold, but were instead used in demonstrations and public performances. The audiences were presented with reproductions of existing music instead of new compositions for the instruments, while some were considered novelties and produced simple tones, the Telharmonium accurately synthesized the sound of orchestral instruments. It achieved viable public interest and made progress into streaming music through telephone networks. Critics of musical conventions at the time saw promise in these developments, ferruccio Busoni encouraged the composition of microtonal music allowed for by electronic instruments. He predicted the use of machines in future music, writing the influential Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, futurists such as Francesco Balilla Pratella and Luigi Russolo began composing music with acoustic noise to evoke the sound of machinery. They predicted expansions in timbre allowed for by electronics in the influential manifesto The Art of Noises, developments of the vacuum tube led to electronic instruments that were smaller, amplified, and more practical for performance. In particular, the theremin, ondes Martenot and trautonium were commercially produced by the early 1930s, from the late 1920s, the increased practicality of electronic instruments influenced composers such as Joseph Schillinger to adopt them
12.
Since I Left You
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Since I Left You is the debut studio album by Australian electronic music group The Avalanches, released on 27 November 2000. It was issued on Modular Recordings and produced by The Avalanches members Robbie Chater, the album uses sampling extensively, containing an estimated 3,500 samples from various genres of music. The album was created in two separate near-identical studios by Chater and Seltmann, exchanging audio mixes of records they sampled, the delay and changes occurred so that the group could obtain permission to use the samples or use replacements. Five singles were released on the album, Electricity, Frontier Psychiatrist, Since I Left You, Radio, the group promoted the album by organizing headlining tours in Australia, Europe and the United States. Since I Left You was received favourably by the critics, at the ARIA Music Awards of 2001 it won in three categories, Breakthrough Artist – Album and Best Dance Release, Producer of the Year for Bobbydazzler. The Avalanches won an award, Breakthrough Artist – Single for Frontier Psychiatrist. Since I Left You became one of the best reviewed albums of the 2000s, in October 2010, it was listed at No.10 in the book,100 Best Australian Albums. Since I Left You is the studio album by The Avalanches. They started recording in 1999 and had used the title of Pablos Cruise. The duo primarily worked with a Yamaha Promix 01 and Akai S2000 samplers, the bands members, Darren Seltmann and Robbie Chater, spent hours sampling music from vinyl records to create the songs on the album, Chater estimates that there are over 3,500 samples. After sampling and arranging, the pair would swap their tapes, listen to each others ideas, despite working separately, both Chater and Seltmann had nearly identical studio set-ups. Initially, Seltmann and Chater were not planning for an international release and they were not concerned with copyright restrictions and so did not keep a list of which tracks were being sampled. According to Chater they were really unorganised and were just sampling on the fly as tracks progressed, the sources spanned many different styles of music and sampled artists include, Françoise Hardy, Blowfly, Sérgio Mendes, Raekwon, Wayne and Shuster and Madonna. He described how making sample tapes for each other created some samples which were intended as funny samples that they had no intention to get clearance for. In particular, Madonnas song Holiday was one of those where we put something together, ended it with Holiday and it ended up where we couldnt live without it so I guess we just had to make that one work. Later, Seltmann and Chater had a few problems when trying to all the samples. One sample that had to be removed was from Rodgers and Hammerstein in the intro that featured harps, the group played their songs to flatmates to get input on which tracks were worth including on the album. Electricity was the first song the group felt that worked, it was an addition to the album as The Avalanches felt the song still sounds good
13.
2000s in music
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This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s. Following after the success of Radiohead and The Verve in the 1990s, post punk bands such as Bloc Party, Foals and Editors also saw some popularity. Britpop act Oasis also remained popular in the 2000s, spawning four number one albums in the UK until the disbandment of the group in autumn 2009. U2 continued their popularity into the 2000s, releasing three critically acclaimed albums, and were credited with influencing many prominent acts of the such as Coldplay. Regional indie rock such as New Yorkshire also appeared at this point in the decade. Indie music itself increased in popularity due to the increased commercialization of alternative, American indie/rock band The Killers also became very popular in Britain with their singles Mr. Brightside, When You Were Young and Smile Like You Mean It. Radiohead enjoyed further success in the 2000s, moving away from their sound of the Kid A/Amnesiac era to a more typical Alternative rock sound. Coldplay also enjoyed success with four number one albums and a U. S, no.1 single with Viva la Vida, the first English band to do so since The Beatles. Muse saw a similar level of acclaim, with the rock trio releasing three chart-topping albums. The late 2000s saw the revival and influence of synthpop music, notable acts include Hot Chip, Junior Boys, Little Boots and La Roux. The era also saw success for singer-songwriters, including David Gray, Dido, James Blunt, James Morrison, KT Tunstall. Grime, a distinctly British version of hip hop, became popular, with artists such as Dizzee Rascal. Girl groups Sugababes, Girls Aloud and t. A. T. u, spanned successful careers throughout most of the decade, whilst 1990s act Spice Girls announced their breakup in 2001 and later reformed in 2007. S Club 7 broke up in 2003, after 5 years of chart success. Irish singer Enya continued to enjoy success during the 2000s, her 2000 album A Day Without Rain sold 15 million copies. Audience-voted reality talent shows became popular with UK TV audiences in the 2000s. Such programmes included Popstars, Pop Idol, Fame Academy and The X Factor, the Eurovision Song Contest also retained its important status within European music. Britney Spears retained an impact throughout the continent and was one of the most successful artists of the decade in that region
14.
Australian music
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The music of Australia has an extensive history made of music societies. Indigenous Australian music is a part of the heritage of a 40. Contemporary fusions of Indigenous and Western styles mark distinctly Australian contributions to world music, tastes have diversified along with post-World War II multicultural immigration to Australia. Indigenous Australian music refers to the music of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, Music forms an integral part of the social, cultural and ceremonial observances of these peoples, and has been so for over 60,000 years. Traditional Indigenous music is best characterised by the didgeridoo, the best-known instrument, archaeological studies of rock art in the Northern Territory suggest people of the Kakadu region were playing the instrument 15,000 years ago. Contemporary Indigenous Australian music has covered numerous styles, including rock and roll, country, hip hop, Jimmy Little is regarded as the first Aboriginal performer to achieve mainstream success, with his debut 1964 song The Royal Telephone highly popular and successful. In 2005, Little was presented with a doctorate in music by the University of Sydney. It would be Yothu Yindi that would bring Indigenous music to the mainstream, with their 1991 song Treaty, from the album Tribal Voice, would go on to reach No.11 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The bands performances were based on the traditional Yolngu dance, the success of Yothu Yindi—winners of eight ARIA Awards—was followed in by Kev Carmody, Tiddas, Christine Anu, and numerous other Indigenous Australian musicians. For much of its history, Australias bush music belonged to an oral and folkloric tradition, early Australian ballads sing of the harsh ways of life of the epoch and of such people and events as bushrangers, swagmen, drovers, stockmen and shearers. Convict and bushranger verses often railed against government tyranny, Classic bush songs on such themes include, The Wild Colonial Boy, Click Go The Shears, The Eumeralla Shore, The Drovers Dream, The Queensland Drover, The Dying Stockman and Moreton Bay. Later themes which endure to the present include the experiences of war, of droughts and flooding rains, of Aboriginality and of the railways, isolation and loneliness of life in the Australian bush has been another theme. Waltzing Matilda, often regarded as Australias unofficial National anthem, is a quintessential Australian folk song, Celtic, English, German and Scandinavian folk traditions predominated in this first wave of European immigrant music. The Australian tradition is, in sense, related to the traditions of other countries with similar ethnic, historical and political origins, such as New Zealand, Canada. The Australian indigenous tradition brought to this mix novel elements, including new instruments, some of which are now internationally familiar, such as the didgeridoo of Northern Australia. A number of British singers have spent periods in Australia and have included Australian material in their repertoires, e. g. A. L. Lloyd, Martin Wyndham-Read and Eric Bogle. Kellys lyrics capture the vastness of the culture and landscape of Australia by chronicling life about him for over 30 years, david Fricke from Rolling Stone calls Kelly one of the finest songwriters I have ever heard, Australian or otherwise. In the 1970s, Australian Folk Rock brought both familiar and less familiar traditional songs, as well as new compositions, to live venues, notable artists include The Bushwacker Band and Redgum
15.
Noise rock
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Noise rock is a diverse style of experimental rock that spun off from punk rock in the 1980s. Some groups are tied to song structures, such as Sonic Youth, while the music had been around for some time, the term noise rock was coined in the 1980s to describe an offshoot of punk groups with an increasingly abrasive approach. An archetypal album is the Velvet Undergrounds White Light/White Heat, treblezines Joe Gross credits the cult classic with being the first noise rock album, accordingly, perhaps it’s an obvious starting point, but it’s also the starting point. Sonic Youths Thurston Moore explained, Noise has taken the place of punk rock, people who play noise have no real aspirations to being part of the mainstream culture. Punk has been co-opted, and this subterranean noise music and the folk scene have replaced it. Starting in the 1990s, noise punk developed mostly as a form of party music, with the band Lightning Bolt serving as key players in the 2000s noise punk scene in Providence, Rhode Island
16.
Drive Like Jehu
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Drive Like Jehu is an American post-hardcore band from San Diego active from 1990 to 1995. Their second album, 1994s Yank Crime, gained a cult following, Reis continued with Rocket from the Crypt and Trombino became a successful record producer and audio engineer, while Froberg and Kennedy pursued careers outside of music. From 1999 to 2005 Reis and Froberg reunited in Hot Snakes, prior to forming Drive Like Jehu, vocalist Rick Froberg and guitarist John Reis had played together in Pitchfork from 1986 to 1990. The bands name was derived from the story of Jehu in the Books of Kings, While Froberg had sung in Pitchfork, in Drive Like Jehu he also played guitar. The bands debut album, Drive Like Jehu, was released in 1991 through Cargo Music and Headhunter Records, produced by Donnell Cameron and with artwork by Froberg, it was praised as a quantum leap forward from Reis and Frobergs work in Pitchfork. In 1992 Drive Like Jehu released the single Hand Over Fist / Bullet Train to Vegas through Merge Records, interscope Records, interested in Drive Like Jehu, pursued the band and wound up signing both them and Rocket From the Crypt. Drive Like Jehu released an album first, putting out Yank Crime in 1994, in 1995 Drive Like Jehu disbanded, partly so that Reis could concentrate on Rocket from the Crypt, who put out three releases that year and continued until 2005. Drive Like Jehu never officially announced a breakup, but simply stopped playing together, Trombino became a successful record producer and audio engineer, working with bands such as Blink-182 and Jimmy Eat World, while Kennedy left music to become a chemist. Froberg briefly played in Thingy before moving to New York City to pursue a career as a visual artist and illustrator, later reuniting with Reis in the Hot Snakes from 1999 to 2005. In November 2002 Reis re-released Yank Crime through his Swami Records label, including on it the tracks from Hand Over Fist / Bullet Train to Vegas, Reis currently performs in The Night Marchers and Froberg in Obits. On August 31,2014, Drive Like Jehu reunited for a performance at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion in San Diegos Balboa Park, accompanied by San Diego Civic Organist Dr. Carol Williams. The collaboration was facilitated by Dang Nguyen, who co-owns Bar Pink in San Diegos North Park neighborhood with Reis, in February or March, we discussed possibilities and the topic of Jehu came up, thats where it started, said Nguyen. It was a project they wanted to bring back together, because, after Hot Snakes and Rocket reunited in the last couple of years, I think John and Rick felt that to do something at the organ pavilion was worth getting back together for. Reis expressed enthusiasm for the sound, saying I especially love the way the low-end sound on the organ is so massive. When I go see organ concerts in the park, I want to collaborate with that sound and its not necessarily a good idea, but its an idea I feel strongly about, and its such a San Diego thing. According to Williams, the point of the concert is to open up the boundaries, the organ needs a future and any opportunities like this, I really look forward to. The novelty of playing with the accompaniment of the organ was a key factor in bringing the band back together, the weird thing is that we are playing, and that it took something this weird for us to decide to play a couple of songs again, said Reis. Only two of us live in San Diego, lives in New York and s in Los Angeles, pretty much havent played music since Jehu or since shortly thereafter
17.
The Fall (band)
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The Fall are an English post-punk band, formed in 1976 in Prestwich, Lancashire. They have undergone many line up changes, with Mark E. Smith as the founder, the Falls long term musicians have included bassist Steve Hanley, drummers Paul Hanley and Karl Burns, and guitarists Marc Riley, Craig Scanlon and Brix Smith. First associated with the late 1970s punk movement, the Falls music has undergone numerous stylistic changes, while the Fall have never achieved widespread success beyond minor hit singles in the late 1980s, they have maintained a strong cult following. The Fall have been called the most prolific band of the British post-punk movement and they have released thirty-one studio albums as of 2015, and more than three times that number when live albums and compilations are taken into account. The Fall were formed in Prestwich, Lancashire in 1976 by Mark E. Smith, Martin Bramah, Una Baines, the four friends would meet to read their writings to each other and take drugs. Their musical influences included Can, The Velvet Underground, Captain Beefheart and garage bands like The Monks. The members were devoted readers, with Smith citing H. P, lovecraft, Raymond Chandler and Malcolm Lowry among his favourite writers. After seeing the Sex Pistols play Manchesters Lesser Free Trade Hall in June 1976, Smith wanted to name the group The Outsiders, but Friel came up with the name The Fall after a 1956 novel by Albert Camus. Smith became the singer, Bramah the guitarist, Friel played bass guitar and Baines bashed biscuit tins instead of drums, unable to afford buying a drum kit, the Falls music was intentionally raw and repetitive. The song Repetition, declaring that weve repetition in the music, the group played its first concert on 23 May 1977 at the North West Arts basement. The bands first drummer was remembered only as Dave or Steve for thirty-four years, Ormrod lasted just one show, at least in part due to political differences with the other members of the group. He was replaced by Karl Burns, whom Friel played with in a band Nuclear Angel, the Fall soon caught attention of Buzzcocks manager Richard Boon, who funded their first recording session. And in November 1977 they recorded material for their debut EP, Boon planned to release the EP on his New Hormones label, but after discovering that he could not afford to release the EP, he gave the tapes back to the group. The Falls line-up underwent first drastic changes in 1977–78, kay Carroll, Una Bainess friend and colleague at the psychiatric hospital, became the groups manager and occasional backing vocalist, as well as Smiths girlfriend. Friel, unhappy with Carrolls management, left in December 1977 and he was briefly replaced by Jonnie Brown and later Eric McGann. 16-year-old Marc Riley, the roadie, was eventually recruited to the group to play bass guitar. Finally was released in August 1978 on Step Forward Records, the single Its the New Thing followed in November 1978, and in December The Fall recorded their debut album Live at the Witch Trials, which was released in March 1979. Burns quit the group shortly after the album was recorded, and was replaced by Mike Leigh from Rockin Ricky, a cabaret band
18.
RMIT University
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RMIT University is an Australian public research university located in Melbourne, Victoria. It was made a university by act of the Parliament of Victoria in 1992 after merging with the Phillip Institute of Technology. With an annual revenue of A$1.163 billion in 2015, the foundation campus of RMIT forms part of the Melbourne city centre and is located on the northern edge of its Hoddle Grid. It began as the Working Mens College building, on the corner of Bowen Street and La Trobe Street, in addition to its City campus, it has two radial campuses in the Melbourne metropolitan area which are located in the northern suburbs of Brunswick and Bundoora. Outside of Australia, it has a presence in Asia and Europe, in Asia, it has two branch campuses in Vietnam which are located in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, and maintains teaching partnerships in China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Singapore, and Sri Lanka. In Europe, it has a centre in Spain located in Barcelona. RMIT is rated a five star university by Quacquarelli Symonds and it is ranked as 16th in the world for art and design in the 2016 QS World University Rankings, which makes it the top art and design school in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere. It is also ranked as 16th in the top 50 universities under 50 years old by QS, the antecedent of RMIT, the Working Mens College of Melbourne, was founded by the Scottish-born grazier and politician The Hon. Francis Ormond in the 1880s. Ormond donated the sum of £5000 toward the foundation of the college and he was supported in the Victorian Parliament by Charles Pearson and in the Melbourne Trades Hall by William Murphy. The workers unions of Melbourne rallied their members to match Ormonds donation, the site for the college, on the corners of Bowen Street and La Trobe Street, opposite the Melbourne Public Library, was donated by the Victorian Government. The Working Mens College of Melbourne opened on June 4,1887, with a ceremony at the Melbourne Town Hall. It took 320 enrollments on its opening night and it opened as a night school for instruction in art, science and technology—in the words of its founder—especially to working men. Ormond was a believer in the transformative power of education and believed the college would be of great importance. In 1904, it was incorporated under the Companies Act as a private college, between the turn of the 20th century and the 1930s, it expanded over the neighbouring Old Melbourne Gaol and constructed buildings for new art, engineering and radio schools. It also made its first contribution to Australias war effort through training of returned military personnel from World War I, following a petition by students, it officially changed its name to the Melbourne Technical College in 1934. It became the higher education institution in Australia with the right of the prefix Royal along with the use of the monarchy of Englands regalia. Its name was changed to the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in 1960. During the mid-20th century, it was restructured as a provider of higher and vocational education
19.
Maryborough, Victoria
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At the 2011 census, Maryborough had a population of 7,174. The area was inhabited by the Dja Dja Wurrung people. The first Europeans to settle were the Simson brothers, who established a station, known as Charlotte Plains. Gold was discovered at White Hill,4 kilometres north of Maryborough, in 1854, leading to prospectors rushing to the area. At its peak Maryborough is reported to have had a population of up to 50,000 although local historian Betty Osborn, the town site was surveyed in 1854, with a police camp, Methodist church, and hospital amongst the first infrastructure. The Post Office opened on 19 October 1854, the settlement was originally known as Simsons, but later changed to Maryborough by the gold commissioner James Daly, after his Irish birthplace. One of Victorias earliest newspapers, The Maryborough Advertiser, was established in 1854, land sales commenced in 1856, and Maryborough became the administrative and commercial centre of the area. The town became a borough in 1857, the last gold mine in Maryborough closed in 1918. In 1924 the Maryborough Knitting Mills opened, which established the town as a centre for the wool industry, Maryborough became a city in 1961. Maryborough is connected to both Ararat and Elphinstone via the Pyrenees Highway, with connections to the capital Melbourne and Northern Victoria, Maryborough station is located on the Mildura railway line. In 2007 the station underwent a $1.2 million upgrade to conduct repairs to the historic bell tower, clock. In 1895 American writer Mark Twain visited the town and remarked about the station upon his visit, dont you overlook that Maryborough station, if you take an interest in governmental curiosities. Why, you can put the population of Maryborough into it, and give them a sofa apiece. You havent fifteen stations in America that are as big, everybody will show you the clock. There isnt a station in Europe thats got such a clock and it doesnt strike--and thats one mercy. It hasnt any bell, and as youll have cause to remember, if you keep your reason, daily train services to and from Ballarat, with onward connections to Melbournes Southern Cross Station commenced in 2010. The city also has coach and bus services connect to various parts of the city with connections to Melbourne. The local library was fitted with a 30 KW solar system in late 2012 by local solar company KCSolar, according to the 2006 census, there are 7,692 people that reside in Maryborough
20.
Surf music
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Surf music is a subgenre of rock music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California. It was especially popular from 1962 to 1964 in two major forms, the first is instrumental surf, distinguished by reverb-drenched electric guitars played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by Dick Dale and the Del-Tones. The second is vocal surf, which took the original sound and added vocal harmonies backed by basic Chuck Berry rhythms. Dick Dale developed the sound from instrumental rock, where he added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, a spring reverb. His regional hit Lets Go Trippin launched the surf music craze, the genre reached national exposure when it was represented by vocal groups such as the Beach Boys, Jan and Dean, and Bruce & Terry. Their vocal surf style drew more from African-American genres such as doo wop with its scat singing, Dale is quoted on such groups, They were surfing sounds surfing lyrics. In other words, the music wasnt surfing music, the words made them surfing songs. The real surfing music is instrumental, at the height of its popularity, surf music rivaled girl groups and Motown for top American popular music trends. It is sometimes referred to interchangeably with the California Sound, during the later stages of the surf music craze, many of its groups started to write songs about cars and girls, this was later known as hot rod rock. Surf music began in the early 1960s as instrumental music, almost always in straight 4/4 time. The outboard separate Fender Reverb Unit that was developed by Fender in 1961 was the actual first wet surf reverb tone and this unit is the reverb effect heard on Dick Dale records, and others such as Pipeline by the Chantays and Point Panic by the Surfaris. It had more of a wet plucky tone than the built in amp reverb, guitarists also made use of the vibrato arm on their guitar to bend the pitch of notes downward, electronic tremolo effects and rapid tremolo picking. Guitar models favored included those made by Fender, Mosrite, Teisco, or Danelectro, Surf music was one of the first genres to universally adopt the electric bass, particularly the Fender Precision Bass. Classic surf drum kits tended to be Rogers, Ludwig, Gretsch or Slingerland, some popular songs also incorporated a tenor or baritone saxophone, as on The Lively Ones Surf Rider and The Revels Comanche. Often an electric organ or an electric piano featured as backing harmony, by the early 1960s, instrumental rock and roll had been pioneered successfully by performers such as Link Wray, The Ventures and Duane Eddy. This trend was developed by Dick Dale, who added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, the distinctive reverb, groups such as The Bel-Airs, The Challengers and then Eddie & the Showmen followed Dale to regional success. The Chantays scored a top ten hit with Pipeline, reaching number 4 in May 1963. The group also had two other hits, Surfer Joe and Point Panic
21.
Jon Spencer Blues Explosion
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The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion is an American alternative rock trio, formed in 1991 and based in New York City, New York. The band consists of Judah Bauer on guitar, backing vocals, harmonica and occasional vocals, Russell Simins on drums and Jon Spencer on vocals, guitar. Their musical style is rooted in rock and roll although it draws influences from punk, blues, garage, rockabilly, soul, noise rock, rhythm and blues. Spencer played and recorded with Gibson Bros, boss Hog and The Honeymoon Killers prior to the formation of the Blues Explosion. Judah Bauer, from Appleton, Wisconsin, had been in an early line-up of The Spitters and it was with Jerry Teel’s Honeymoon Killers that Bauer, Simins and Spencer would all perform and record and from which they would go on to form The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion. Russell and I would rehearse with Honeymoon Killers and the rehearsal would be over and Russell and I would keep playing, eventually inviting Simins friend Bauer to join in. The sound of The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion was informed by previous bands with influence taken from working with the Gibson Bros. which was evident in the last Pussy Galore album. I was pissed off about a lot of things. so much shitty rock ’n’ roll that angered me, with the Blues Explosion, there was some of that, but now I was into celebrating it. This session was issued in its entirety as the first album by The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and this was an unofficial album issued by Pubic Pop Can, at some point between late 1991 and early 1992, in an edition of 500 or 1000 copies. It has been suggested that the source of the bootleg was a copy of a cassette that Jon Spencer let somebody copy during a tour with the Gibson Bros. in August 1991. The rear sleeve features hand-written titles and label information over the top of a photograph of a topless woman, both front and rear artwork are pasted onto a plain black sleeve. The title refers to the convicted felon William R. Horton who was used extensively for political advertisements during the 1988 presidential campaign, the second session was recorded by Steve Albini at the Waterfront, Hoboken, NJ in November/December 1991. Factory release of Year One which compiled every released track from sessions with the exception of an alternate take of Feeling of Love. The band made a video for the song Rachel directed by Jim Spring. The first album by The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion was the one to be issued by Caroline Records. In 1992, The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion inked a deal with Caroline Records, as band lore has it, Caroline never sprang for the set, and the Blues Explosions tenure there was short-lived and acrimonious. The first single release was Shirt Jac on In The Red Records also from the recording session with Steve Albini. This was the first of the Explosion Juke Box Series singles inspired by a series of Charlie Feathers released in the 70s
22.
El Producto (EP)
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El Producto is the debut extended play by Australian electronic music group The Avalanches. It was released on 8 December 1997 via Wondergram Records and distributed by Shock Records, El Producto was the second release by the group and included their debut single, Rock City, which had appeared on Trifekta Records two months prior. Rock City was the single released from the EP, the band had started performing widely. Based on the EPs success, Steve Pavlovic, head of Wondergram Records and they also signed with Rex Records for the exclusive United Kingdom four-track EP Undersea Community, which appeared in March 1999. They released their debut album, Since I Left You. The Avalanches sampled material from vinyl records found in thrift-stores in the creation of their music, group members, Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann, primarily worked with a Yamaha Promix 01 and Akai S2000 samplers. The EP also contained original input from the band, featuring original instrumentation played by the groups members, all tracks written by Robbie Chater, Tony Di Blasi, Gordon McQuilten and Darren Seltmann, except where noted
23.
Beastie Boys
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The Beastie Boys were an American hip hop group from New York City, formed in 1981. For the majority of their career, the group consisted of Michael Mike D Diamond, Adam MCA Yauch, Berry left shortly thereafter, and was replaced by Horovitz. They toured with Madonna in 1985 and a year released their debut album Licensed to Ill. With seven platinum or better albums from 1986 to 2004, the Beastie Boys were one of the hip hop acts worldwide. In 2009, they released digitally remastered editions of their albums Pauls Boutique, Check Your Head, Ill Communication. Their eighth studio album, Hot Sauce Committee Part Two, was released in 2011, and received positive reviews. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2012, just the third rap group to enter the Hall, after Run–D. M. C. and Grandmaster Flash, the following month, MCA died of cancer of the parotid salivary gland. In June 2014, Mike D confirmed that he and Ad-Rock would not continue the Beastie Boys, prior to forming the Beastie Boys, Michael Diamond was part of a number of bands such as the Walden Jazz Band, BAN and The Young Aborigines. The band supported Bad Brains, the Dead Kennedys, the Misfits and Reagan Youth at venues such as CBGB, A7, Trudy Hellers Place and Maxs Kansas City, playing at the latter venue on its closing night. In November 1982 the Beastie Boys recorded the 7 EP Polly Wog Stew at 171A studios, on November 13,1982, the Beastie Boys played Philip Puccis birthday for the purposes of his short concert film of the Beastie Boys, Beastie. Pucci held the concert in Bard Colleges Preston Drama Dance Department Theatre and this performance marked the Beastie Boys first on screen appearance in a published motion picture. The opening band for that performance was The Young and the Useless, skills to Pay the Bills later went on to earn the Recording Industry Association of Americas gold sales award for selling more than 500,000 copies. The band also recorded and then performed its first hip hop track, Cooky Puss, based on a prank call by the group to Carvel Ice Cream in 1983. It was a part of the new line-up’s first EP, also called Cooky Puss, which was the first piece of work that showed their incorporation of the rap phenomenon. It quickly became a hit in New York underground dance clubs, in 1983, the new line-up released the Cooky Puss EP, which offered the first evidence of them picking up on the underground rap phenomenon and the use of samples. ‘Beastie Revolution’ was later sampled for a British Airways commercial, earning them $40,000 in royalties, due to the success of Cooky Puss they began to incorporate rap into their sets. They decided to hire a DJ for their shows and ended up getting an NYU student named Rick Rubin. Soon thereafter, Rubin began producing records and he then formed Def Jam Recordings with fellow NY University student Russell Simmons and approached the band about producing them for his new label
24.
Public Enemy (group)
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Public Enemy is an American hip hop group consisting of Chuck D, Flavor Flav, Professor Griff, Khari Wynn, DJ Lord, and the S1W group. Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine called them the most influential and radical band of their time, in 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Public Enemy number 44 on its list of the Immortals,100 Greatest Artists of All Time, the highest ranking for a hip hop act. The group was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007, the band were announced as inductees for the 2013 class of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on December 11,2012, making them the fourth hip-hop act to be inducted. Carlton Ridenhour and William Drayton met at Long Islands Adelphi University in the early-1980s. M. C. Chuck D put out a tape to promote WBAU and to fend off a local MC who wanted to battle him. He called the tape Public Enemy #1 because he felt like he was being persecuted by people in the local scene and this was the first reference to the notion of a public enemy in any of Chuck Ds songs. The single was created by Chuck D with a contribution by Flavor Flav, around 1986, Bill Stephney, the former Program Director at WBAU, was approached by Ali Hafezi and offered a position with the label. Stephney accepted, and his first assignment was to help fledgling producer Rick Rubin sign Chuck D, according to the book The History of Rap Music by Cookie Lommel, Stephney thought it was time to mesh the hard-hitting style of Run DMC with politics that addressed black youth. With the addition of Flavor Flav and another local mobile DJ named Terminator X, according to Chuck, The S1W, which stands for Security of the First World, represents that the black man can be just as intelligent as he is strong. It stands for the fact that were not third-world people, were people, were the original people. Public Enemy started out as opening act for the Beastie Boys during the latters Licensed to Ill popularity, and in 1987 released their debut album Yo. Bum Rush the Show. Over the next few years, Public Enemy released It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, Fear of a Black Planet, and Apocalypse 91… The Enemy Strikes Black. In addition to ushering in the age of hip hop, during this time, Public Enemy reached the height of their popularity, adulation. The group then separated from Def Jam and has since been producing, marketing. Their debut album, Yo. Bum Rush the Show, was released in 1987 to critical acclaim, the album was the groups first step toward stardom. In October 1987, music critic Simon Reynolds dubbed Public Enemy a superlative rock band, Nation of Millions. was the first hip hop album to be voted album of the year in The Village Voices influential Pazz & Jop critics poll. In 1989, the returned to the studio to record Fear of a Black Planet. The album was supposed to be released in late 1989, but was pushed back to April 1990 and it was the most successful of any of their albums and, in 2005, was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress. Fight the Power is regarded as one of the most popular and it was the theme song of Spike Lees Do the Right Thing
25.
Stereolab
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Stereolab are an English-French avant-pop band formed in 1990 in London. The band originally comprised songwriting team Tim Gane and Lætitia Sadier, other long-time members include Mary Hansen, who played with the group from 1992 until her accidental death in 2002, and Andy Ramsay, who joined in 1993, and who is still in the official line-up. They were noted for their use of vintage electronic keyboards. Stereolab were one of the first bands to be termed post-rock, Stereolab often incorporates socio-political themes into their lyrics. Critics such as Simon Reynolds say the lyrics carry a strong Marxist message. Gane is skeptical of such as Marxist pop, and defends the band against accusations of sloganeering. Although many of the albums have been underground hits, they never found larger commercial success. The band were released from their contract with Warner Bros. Records when Warners imprint Elektra Records folded. The release was due to poor record sales, and since then Stereolabs self-owned label. Duophonic holds the copyrights to the recordings, and on this label the band has released many limited-edition records. In 2009, Stereolab announced via their website that they were going on indefinite hiatus, in 1985, Tim Gane formed McCarthy, a band from Essex, England known for their left-wing politics. Gane met the French-born Lætitia Sadier at a McCarthy concert in Paris, the musically-inclined Sadier was disillusioned with the rock scene in France and soon moved to London to be with Gane and pursue her career. In 1990, after three albums, McCarthy broke up and Gane immediately formed Stereolab with Sadier and ex-Chills bassist Martin Kean, the groups name was taken from a division of Vanguard Records demonstrating hi-fi effects. The 10 inch vinyl EP Super 45 was the first release for band and label, and was sold through mail order and the Rough Trade Shop in London. Super 45s band-designed album art and packaging was the first of many customized, in a 1996 interview in The Wire Gane calls the do-it-yourself aesthetic behind Duophonic empowering, and says that by releasing ones own music you learn, it creates more music, more ideas. Other independent bands such as Tortoise, Broadcast, and Labradford would also release material on Duophonic, Stereolab followed up with another EP, Super-Electric, and a single, Stunning Debut Album. In 1992, Stereolabs first full-length album, Peng. and first compilation, Hansen, an Australian, had been in touch with Gane since his McCarthy days. After joining, she and Sadier developed a style of counterpoint that distinguished Stereolabs sound until Hansens death ten years later in 2002
26.
Beck
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Beck Hansen, known mononymously as Beck, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist. He is mostly known for his composition, as well as a palette of sonic genres. He rose to fame in the early 1990s with his experimental and lo-fi style. Today, he musically encompasses folk, funk, soul, hip hop, alternative rock, country and he has released 12 studio albums, as well as several non-album singles and a book of sheet music. Born in Los Angeles in 1970, Beck grew towards hip-hop and folk in his teens and began to perform locally at coffeehouses and he moved to New York City in 1989 and became involved in the citys small fiery anti-folk movement. Returning to Los Angeles in the early 1990s, he cut his breakthrough single Loser, which became a hit in 1994, and released his first major album, Mellow Gold. Odelay, released in 1996, produced hit singles, topped critic polls and he released the psychedelic Mutations in 1998, and the funk-infused Midnite Vultures in 1999. The soft-acoustic Sea Change in 2002 showcased a more serious Beck and he is reportedly working on a thirteenth studio album, with the singles Dreams and Wow having already been released. Two of Becks most popular and acclaimed recordings are Odelay and Sea Change, the four-time platinum artist has collaborated with several artists and has made several contributions to soundtracks. Beck is married to actress Marissa Ribisi, and is an active Scientologist, Beck was born in Los Angeles, to David Campbell, a Canadian-born musician, and Bibbe Hansen, a visual artist and former Warhol superstar. Bibbes mother was half Jewish, while Bibbes father, Al Hansen, was partly of Norwegian descent, Beck has said that he was raised celebrating Jewish holidays, and that he considers himself Jewish. Becks mother grew up amid New Yorks Andy Warhol Factory art scene of the 1960s, but moved to California at age 17 and his father is a Canadian-born arranger, composer and conductor who worked on hundreds of albums and numerous films. Beck began life in a house near downtown Los Angeles. As a child, he lived in a neighborhood just off Hollywood Boulevard. By the time we left there, they were ripping out miles of houses en masse and building low-rent, giant apartment blocks, the lower-class family struggled financially, moving to Hoover and Ninth Street, a neighborhood populated primarily by Koreans and Salvadorian refugees. He was sent for a time to live with his grandparents in Kansas. Since his paternal grandfather was a Presbyterian minister, Beck grew up influenced by church music, Beck also spent time in Europe with his maternal grandfather, Al Hansen, a visual collage artist and a pioneer in the avant-garde Fluxus movement. Beck obtained his first guitar at 16 and became a street musician, during his teens, Beck discovered the music of Sonic Youth, Pussy Galore and X, but remained uninterested in most music outside folk until many years into his career
27.
Homebush, New South Wales
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Homebush is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 15 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, Homebush is located south of Homebush Bay, an inlet of the Parramatta River. The first name of settlement at what is today called Homebush was Liberty Plains and this was a group of grants given to the Colonys first free settlers, who came on the ship Bellona, in 1793. Most of the settlers soon departed for agriculturally more attractive places. One of them, Edward Powell, later returned and established there the Half Way House Inn, on Parramatta Road just west of the creek that now bears his name. Later, when the Great Western Railway line came through there, with a station just behind Powells inn, the name Homebush was borrowed from the nearest large estate, a shopping centre by the name of Homebush has since grown around the railway station of that name. There also used to be a Ford factory in Homebush, which manurfactured the Telstar, but the factory closed in 1994. It is commonly thought that the property and house with the name of Homebush was established and named by the Colonys then assistant surgeon DArcy Wentworth. It is considered unlikely that it was named after the village in Kent as DArcy Wentworth was Irish and had no links to the English county. According to local historian David Patrick it wasn’t DArcy Wentworth who named Homebush and it would appear that after Laycock became mentally ill, following his direct involvement in suppressing the Castle Hill convict rebellion DArcy Wentworth became his doctor. It has been reputed that DArcy Wentworth either bought the Laycock Homebush Farm from Laycock or, more fancifully, Wentworth retained Thomas Laycocks name of the property and added to its extent. Laycock had been granted 40 hectares in 1794 and increased this to 318 hectares by 1803, a notice that Laycock placed in the newspapers about his property Home Bush is from before when Wentworth acquired the land from him. Later on, Wentworth acquired more land there himself and the estate had grown to 990 acres by 1811, Homebush once had a very famous racecourse, established by Wentworth. The Village of Homebush estate was a section of the Underwood Estate located to the south of the railway, the land had boundaries of The Crescent, Homebush, Beresford, Coventry and Bridge Roads, was subdivided in 1878. Within the estate, Broughton, Abbotsford and Burlington Roads and Rochester, in the December of that year,381 house blocks were auctioned. By the end of the many large houses and substantial villas had been built. In the 20th century house construction continued and most blocks had been built on by the end of the 1920s, billesdon,104 Burlington Road, was built in 1915 for Stephen Rabone to a design by Rupert Minnett. Broughlea,82 Abbotsford Road, was built c.1881 for Horatio Aylward, camden Lodge,102 Burlington Road, was built c.1917 for Robert Trevethan
28.
Electricity (The Avalanches song)
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Electricity is a song by Australian electronic music group The Avalanches. Produced by group members Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann, it was issued as a single on 13 September 1999 as the groups first release for Modular Recordings, Electricity was later remixed and remastered for inclusion on the groups debut album Since I Left You. The song features prominent samples of Rapp Dirty by American musician Blowfly, as well as guest vocals from Australian singers Sally Russell, several critics reviews of the song noted its disco sound and likened it to the work of French electronic music duo Daft Punk. Electricity was later re-released as a single on 3 December 2001, with single releases containing remixes of the song by DJ Harvey, Electricity was the first song from Since I Left You to be recorded. The song was produced by group members Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann and it was not originally produced for the album, and was only intended for release as a one-off single. The group later included it on Since I Left You as an addition to the album after deciding that the song still sound good. A dance song with influences of disco, Electricity begins with a solo performed by Australian soprano Antoinette Halloran. Her vocals repeat throughout the song, mixed with the vocals of Australian singer Sally Russell. The songs production also features samples of Rapp Dirty by American rapper Blowfly, Electricity was met with positive reviews from contemporary music critics. Marc Savlov of the Austin Chronicle wrote that the song rediscover the sexy summer soul of pure, sam Richards of The Guardian praised Antoinette Halloranns Neptunian operatic overture, calling it an unexpected delight. NMEs Christian Ward compared the track to the music of French electronic music duo Daft Punk, likewise, Anthony Bozza of Rolling Stone called the song analog-filter disco and likened it to Daft Punk without the Kraftwerk influence. Electricity was issued as a single in 12-inch format on 13 September 1999, the single was the bands first release under Modular Recordings in Australia, having signed to the label the previous year. In the United Kingdom, Rex Records issued 7-inch singles of Electricity with a run of 1,000 copies. Following the release of The Avalanches debut album Since I Left You, Electricity was re-released by XL Recordings as a pack featuring a two-part 12-inch EP. The double pack was released on 3 December 2001 in the United Kingdom, due to the special nature of its release, Electricity was disqualified from inclusion on the UK Singles Chart
29.
Mixtape
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A mixtape is a home-made compilation of music recorded in a specific order, traditionally onto a cassette tape, though later replaced by CD or MP3 playlist formats. The songs can be sequential, or by beatmatching the songs and creating overlaps, compilations may include a selection of favorite songs, or music linked by theme or mood, perhaps tailored to the tapes intended recipient. Writing in 2004, essayist Geoffrey OBrien called the mix tape perhaps the most widely practiced American art form. Homemade mix tapes became common in the 1980s, but improvements in fidelity finally allowed the cassette to become a major player. The growth of the mixtape was also encouraged by improved quality and increased popularity of audio players in car entertainment systems. These recordings tended to be of technical ability than home-made mixtapes. One 12 October 1974 article in Billboard Magazine reported, Tapes were originally dubbed by jockeys to serve as standbys for times when they did not have disco turntables to hand, the tapes represent each jockeys concept of programming, placing, and sequencing of record sides. The music is heard without interruption, one- to three-hour programs bring anywhere from $30 to $75 per tape, mostly reel-to-reel, but increasingly on cartridge and cassette. Club proprietors, as well as DJs, would often prepare such tapes for sale, throughout the 1980s, mixtapes were a highly visible element of youth culture. The high point of traditional culture was arguably the publication of Nick Hornbys novel High Fidelity in 1995. Some mix enthusiasts also appreciate the potential of the mix CD for extended, continuous mixes, MP3 players have further enhanced track accessibility, though ones without a screen defeat that purpose. Today, websites concerned with electronic music provide mixes in a digital format and these usually consist of recorded DJ sets of live, beat-matched mixes of songs, which are used by DJs seeking to demonstrate their mixing skills to an online audience. Some radio shows worldwide specialize in mix series, including The Breezeblock on BBC Radio 1, The Solid Steel Show, and Eddy Temple-Morris/The Remix on Xfm. Additionally, DJs such as Grandmaster Flash, DJ QBert, DJ Spooky, DJ Z-Trip or DJ Shadow, The Avalanches, and Rjd2 have gained fame for creating new songs by combining fragments of existing songs. This practice is derived from the use of song loops as musical backdrops for an MCs rhymes in hip hop music. Frank Creighton, a director of anti-copyright infringement efforts for the Recording Industry Association of America and this requires the mixtape creator to consider the transitions between songs, the effects caused by juxtaposing a soft song with a loud song, and the overall narrative arc of the entire tape. It also came with an actual CD featuring ten of the songs discussed in the text, many have been so widely distributed that the CDDB has logged and can identify ID3 tags when a disc mix tape is inserted into a PC. In hip hops earliest days, the music existed in live form, so performers music was spread via tapes of parties
30.
Frontier Psychiatrist
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Frontier Psychiatrist is a song by Australian electronic music group The Avalanches. The song was produced by group members Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann, under their production alias Bobbydazzler and it was released on 21 August 2000 as the second single from Since I Left You. Upon release, it peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart and number 49 in the groups native Australia, Frontier Psychiatrist was well received by music critics, who praised the Avalanches utilization of samples in making the song. According to group members, Frontier Psychiatrist was not planned beforehand by the group and in his words, the duo primarily worked with a Yamaha Promix 01 and Akai S2000 samplers. Dexter Fabay, turntablist and keyboardist for the band, brainstormed the idea for Frontier Psychiatrist, the song also makes prominent use of scratching done by the bands turntablist Dexter Fabay. The track also contains vocal samples of Canadian comedy duo Wayne and Shuster. The spoken sample at the beginning comes from the John Waters film Polyester, the closing mariachi band played El Negro Zumbón first performed by Silvana Mangano in the movie Anna. Marc Savlov of The Austin Chronicle said it was hands down the best example of the sheer pleasure of turntablist art youve likely ever heard. Matt LeMay of Pitchfork Media described the song as one of the funniest songs Ive heard in ages, complimenting its use of vocal samples, including brilliant scratching on a sample of a parrot. Christine Hsieh of PopMatters wrote, Most impressively, though, is the way the Avalanches make things like whinnying horses and spoken word sound kooky and fresh instead of recycled and she cited Frontier Psychiatrist as a perfect example of this aesthetic. The songs music video, directed by Tom Kuntz and Mike Maguire, features various characters re-enacting and playing various elements of the track, including vocal samples, violins, horns, the video was released to critical acclaim. The video was the runner-up in the Best Music Video category at the 2002 Rushes Soho Shorts Film Festival, Pitchfork Media placed the video at #19 on their list of the Top 50 Music Videos of the 2000s. An alternative video was made, featuring actors acting out the dialogue of the track in various scenes, including a psychiatrists office, in addition, Rorschach ink-blots are animated to reflect various samples in the track. Frontier Psychiatrist was released as the second single on 21 August 2000. Tracks included on Frontier Psychiatrist singles in Australia and the United Kingdom included remixes of Frontier Psychiatrist by Mario Caldato, with My Baby, Slow Walking and Yamaha Superstar, the latter two having been previously released on the Avalanches 1997 single Undersea Community. The single peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart on the week ending 21 July 2001, in the United States, Frontier Psychiatrist was released on 6 November 2001 as the groups debut single. Various promotional DVD singles containing the music video were also released. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
31.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
32.
Triple J
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Triple J is a government-funded, national Australian radio station intended to appeal to listeners between the ages of 18 and 25 which began broadcasting in January 1975. The station places an emphasis on broadcasting Australian and alternative music compared to commercial stations. Triple J is government-owned and is a division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2JJ commenced broadcasting at 11,00 am, Sunday 19 January 1975, at 1540 kHz on the AM band. The new Australian Broadcasting Corporation station was given the official call-sign 2JJ, the station was restricted largely to the greater Sydney region, and its local reception was hampered by inadequate transmitter facilities. However, its frequency was a clear channel nationally, so it was heard at night throughout south-eastern Australia. After midnight the station would often use ABC networks – during their off air time slot – to increase its broadcasting range and its first broadcast demonstrated a determination to distinguish itself from other Australian radio stations. The first on-air presenter, DJ Holger Brockmann, notably used his own name, owing to 2SMs restrictive policies at the time, Brockmann, whose real name was considered too foreign-sounding, had been forced to work using the pseudonym Bill Drake in prior positions. After an introductory audio collage that featured sounds from the countdown and launch of Apollo 11, Brockmann launched the stations first-ever broadcast with the words, Wow, and then cued The Skyhooks You Just Like Me Cos Im Good in Bed. The choice of a Skyhooks song to introduce the station was significant, choosing an Australian band reflected Double Jays commitment to Australian content at a time when American acts dominated commercial pop stations. Most notably, the song was one of tracks from the Skyhooks album that had been banned from airplay on commercial radio by the industrys peak body. In contrast, their Sydney rival, 2SM, was owned by a company controlled by the Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. The inspiration gained from the UK led to Double J adopting the tradition of weekly, live-in-the-studio performances by pop, gough Whitlam was unable to also fulfill his aspiration for the establishment of a National Youth Radio Network, as he was controversially sacked. We also heard that the ABC was worried about its audience dying off, additionally, the station was one of a series of innovations that stemmed from the recommendations in the McLean Report of 1974. By the time 2JJ went to air, the Whitlam government was in its months of office. Marius Webb, one of the stations co-ordinators recalls an ABC executive informing him, thank you very much, Ive got another meeting. On 11 November 1975, Whitlams commission was revoked by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, in the subsequent 1975 federal election, Labor was defeated by the Liberal-National Party coalition that was led by Malcolm Fraser. During the more conservative media climate that emerged in the Fraser years, in its early years 2JJs on-air staff were mainly recruited from either commercial radio or other ABC stations. Later, in another first, the roster also featured presenters who did not come from a radio industry background, including singer-songwriters Bob Hudson and John J. Francis, and actor Lex Marinos
33.
Brisbane
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Brisbane is the capital of and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbanes metropolitan area has a population of 2.35 million, the Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite, one of the oldest cities in Australia, Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples. A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe,28 kilometres north of the business district. The city was marred by the Australian frontier wars between 1843 and 1855, and development was set back by the Great Fire of Brisbane. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a colony from New South Wales in 1859. During World War II, Brisbane played a role in the Allied campaign. Today, Brisbane is well known for its distinct Queenslander architecture which forms much of the built heritage. It also receives attention for its damaging flood events, most notably in 1974 and 2011. Several large cultural, international and sporting events have held at Brisbane, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001. Prior to white settlement, the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal and they knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning place shaped as a spike. The Moreton Bay area was explored by Matthew Flinders. On 17 July 1799, Flinders landed at what is now known as Woody Point, in 1823 Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane instructed that a new northern penal settlement be developed, and an exploration party led by John Oxley further explored Moreton Bay. Oxley discovered, named, and explored the Brisbane River as far as Goodna,20 kilometres upstream from the Brisbane central business district, Oxley recommended Red Cliff Point for the new colony, reporting that ships could land at any tide and easily get close to the shore. The party settled in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824, under the command of Lieutenant Henry Miller with 14 soldiers and 29 convicts. However, this settlement was abandoned after a year and the colony was moved to a site on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay,28 km south, chief Justice Forbes gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838, German missionaries settled at Zions Hill, Nundah as early as 1837, five years before Brisbane was officially declared a free settlement. The band consisted of ministers Christopher Eipper and Carl Wilhelm Schmidt and lay missionaries Haussmann, Johann Gottried Wagner, Niquet, Hartenstein, Zillman, Franz, Rode, Doege and they were allocated 260 hectares and set about establishing the mission, which became known as the German Station
34.
Port Phillip
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Port Phillip, is a large bay in southern Victoria, Australia, it is the location of Melbourne. Geographically, the bay covers 1,930 square kilometres and the shore stretches roughly 264 km, although it is extremely shallow for its size, most of the bay is navigable. The deepest portion is only 24 metres, and half the region is shallower than 8 m, the volume of the water in the bay is around 25 cubic kilometres. Prior to British settlement the area around Port Phillip was divided between the territories of the Wathaurong, Wurundjeri and Boonwurrung Nations and its waters and coast are home to seals, whales, dolphins, corals, and many kinds of seabirds and migratory waders. The first British to enter the bay were the crews of HMS Lady Nelson, commanded by John Murray and, ten weeks later, HMS Investigator commanded by Matthew Flinders, in 1802. Subsequent expeditions into the bay took place in 1803 to establish the first settlement in Victoria, near Sorrento, but was abandoned in 1804. Thirty years later, settlers from Tasmania returned to establish Melbourne, now the capital city, at the mouth of the Yarra River in 1835. The Yarra and other tributaries flowed down what is now the middle of the bay, formed a lake in the reaches of the bay, dammed by The Heads. The Aboriginal people were in occupation of the area long before the bay was formed, having arrived at least 20,000 years ago and possibly 40,000 years ago. Large piles of semi-fossilised sea-shells known as middens, can still be seen in places around the shoreline and they made a good living from the abundant sea-life, which included penguins and seals. In the cold season they wore possum-skin cloaks and elaborate feathered head-dresses, a dry period combined with sand bar formation, may have dried the bay out as recently as between 800 BCE and 1000 CE. In 1800, Lieutenant James Grant RN was the first known explorer to pass through Bass Strait from west to east in HMS Lady Nelson. He was also the first to see, and crudely chart, Grant gave the name Governor Kings Bay to the body of water between Cape Otway and Wilsons Promontory, but did not venture in and discover Port Phillip. The first Britons to discover and enter Port Phillip, were the crew of the Lady Nelson, commanded by John Murray, Murray called the bay Port King after the Governor of New South Wales, Philip Gidley King. On 4 September 1805, King formally renamed it Port Phillip, about ten weeks after Murray, Matthew Flinders RN in HMS Investigator also found and entered the port, unaware Murray had been there. As a result of Murrays and Flinders reports, King sent Lieutenant Charles Robbins in HMS Cumberland to explore Port Phillip fully. One of his party, Charles Grimes, became the first European to walk round the bay. King decided to place a convict settlement at Port Phillip, mainly to stake a claim to southern Australia ahead of the French, on 10 October 1803 a convoy of two ships HMS Calcutta and Ocean led by Captain David Collins carrying 402 people entered Port Philip Bay
35.
Badly Drawn Boy
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Damon Michael Gough, known by the stage name Badly Drawn Boy, is an English indie singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Gough chose his name from the title character in the show Sam and his Magic Ball. Before he thought of using this name he made some business cards, each one unique, with a picture of a drawing by his nephew. Gough grew up in the Breightmet area of Bolton, Lancashire and he cites American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen as his music hero. His recording career began in September 1997 with the five track vinyl release EP1 and this was distributed among friends and family members. In April 1998, Gough released his second EP, EP2 and this had one track less than its predecessor but twice as many copies were pressed. The highlight track, I Love You All, was transferred to a music box which was released alongside the EP. The box plays eleven seconds of the song and is considered much rarer than the record due to its limited production. Goughs third EP, EP3, was released in November 1998 on both CD and vinyl formats, and was the first release in what became a partnership with XL Recordings. In the same year he collaborated with Unkle for their first album Psyence Fiction, road Movie was released as a live recording with Goughs fellow Mancunians Doves. The B-side to the single was another track from the EP, Music videos were recorded for both tracks. It Came from the Ground was the next EP, released in March 1999 on CD, the style of this recording focused on woodland environments, an aspect displayed in both the cover art and the title tracks video. Also released during this period was the single Whirlpool, an instrumental was released on vinyl in April 1999. Goughs last EP, Once Around the Block, was released in August 1999 in two formats and one CD edition. The release is almost short enough to be considered a single, following the success of his early EPs, Goughs first album, The Hour of Bewilderbeast, was released in June 2000, accompanied by four singles. The album was acclaimed and Badly Drawn Boy was successful in winning the 2000 Mercury Music Prize. The album sold well and is considered to be his defining work. The Badly Drawn Boy band throughout this period consisted of Matt Wardle, Robin File, Sean Mcann latterly replaced by the ex-Smiths bass guitarist Andy Rourke
36.
Holiday (Madonna song)
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Holiday is a song by American singer Madonna from her eponymous debut studio album Madonna. Sire Records released it as the third single on September 7,1983. Holiday later appeared remixed on the remix compilation You Can Dance and the greatest hits compilation The Immaculate Collection, after accepting the song, she and Jellybean worked on it and altered its composition by the addition of a piano solo performed by their friend, Fred Zarr. Holiday features instrumentation from guitars, electronic handclaps, a cowbell, universally acclaimed by critics, the song became Madonnas first mainstream hit single in the United States, reaching the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100. It also became her first top-ten single in several countries, including Australia, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Madonna has performed Holiday on most of her tours and it is generally included as a part of the encore. Different performances of the song are included in the releases of her tours. Cover versions by a number of artists have released. In 1983, Madonna was recording her eponymous album with Warner Bros. Records producer Reggie Lucas. However, she did not have enough material for the album, Lucas brought two new songs to the project and John Jellybean Benitez, a DJ at Funhouse disco was called to remix the available tracks. It was Benitez who discovered a new song written by Curtis Hudson, the song, titled Holiday, had been turned down by Phyllis Hyman and Mary Wilson, formerly of The Supremes. Jellybean and Madonna sent the demo to their friend, Fred Zarr so he could embellish the arrangement, after the vocals were added by Madonna, Benitez spent four days and tried to enhance the commercial appeal of the track before the April 1983 deadline. Just before it was completed, Madonna and Benitez met Fred Zarr at Sigma Sound in Manhattan where Zarr added the now familiar piano solo towards the end of the track. Initially it was decided that Lucky Star would be released as a single, the original British cover art for Holiday did not carry Madonnas picture since Sire did not want the British people to find out that she was not a R&B artist. Instead it carried the picture of a station and an engine. During a 2005 interview with CBS News, Madonna said that Holiday was her favourite among all her songs, in the United Kingdom, Holiday has been released three times as a single, in January 1984, reaching number six, re-issued in August 1985 reaching number 2. Although the song was released to promote the greatest hits collection, it did not include the remix from the album. The photography used for the 1991 release was by Steven Meisel and had previously used for the February 1991 cover for Vogue Italia. Musically, Holiday is set in the signature of common time with a medium tempo of 116 beats per minute
37.
UK Albums Chart
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The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company on Fridays and it is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 and published in Music Week magazine, and on the OCC website. To qualify for the Official Albums Chart the album must be the correct length and it must be more than three tracks or 20 minutes long and not be classed as a budget album. A budget album costs between £0.50 and £3.75, additionally, various artist compilations – which until January 1989 were included in the main album listing – are now listed separately in a compilations chart. Full details of the rules can be found on the OCC website. In the 1970s the new chart was revealed at 12,45 pm on Thursdays on BBC Radio 1. Since October 1993 it has included in The Official Chart show from 4,00 –5,45 pm on Fridays. A weekly Album Chart show was licensed out to BBC Radio 2 and presented by Simon Mayo,2005 saw a record number of artist album sales with 126.2 million sold in the UK. In February 2015, it was announced that, due to the sales of albums and rise in popularity of audio streaming. Under the revised methodology, the Official Charts Company takes the 12 most streamed tracks from one album, the total of these streams is divided by 1000 and added to the pure sales of the album. This calculation was designed to ensure that the chart continues to reflect the popularity of the albums themselves. The final number one album on the UK Albums Chart to be based purely on sales alone was Smoke + Mirrors by Imagine Dragons, on 1 March 2015, In the Lonely Hour by Sam Smith became the first album to top the new streaming-incorporated Official Albums Chart. The most successful artists in the charts depends on the criteria used, as of February 2016, Queen albums have spent more time on the British album charts than any other musical act, followed by The Beatles, Elvis Presley, U2 and ABBA. By most weeks at one, however, The Beatles lead with a total of 174 weeks. The male solo artist with the most weeks at one is Presley with a total of 66 weeks. Presley also holds the record for the most number one albums by a solo artist and most top ten albums by any artist. Madonna has the most number one albums by a female artist in the UK, though this includes the Evita film soundtrack which was a cast recording, Adele is the female solo artist with the most weeks at number one, with a total of 37 weeks. Queens Greatest Hits is the album in UK chart history with 6 million copies sold as of February 2014
38.
Since I Left You (song)
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Since I Left You is a song by Australian electronic dance music group The Avalanches. It was released as the single from the groups debut studio album of the same name on 5 February 2001. Produced by group members Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann, Since I Left You utilizes numerous samples of other artists material, the songs chorus is a prominent vocal sample of The Main Attractions Everyday. The song was reviewed by music critics, who praised its sample-based production and upbeat atmosphere. Since I Left You also placed in the charts of Australia. A surrealistic music video for the song was directed by Rob Leggatt and Leigh Marling and it won the group an MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video. The Avalanches started working on their album in 1999. The song Since I Left You was recorded by the group at Soft Light Bistro and its final mixing process was carried out at the Sing Sing recording studio by Chater, Seltmann and Tony Espie. A dance song of four minutes and twenty-two seconds in length, the track features doo-wop vocal harmonies and employs various pieces of instrumentation, including organs, flutes and acoustic guitars. Its chorus, sampled from Everyday by The Main Attraction, features a woman singing about leaving her lover, the original song described a womans happiness after meeting a man, but Chater and Seltmann re-arranged various vocals to make the final sample appear to describe a break-up. The finished version of the track was included on their debut album Since I Left You, the CD single contained the non-album track Everyday and a remix by English electronic musician Andy Votel of a previously released B-side, Thank You Caroline. Remixes of Since I Left You by alternative music band Stereolab and producers Prince Paul, since I Left You entered the Australian national singles chart at number 67 on the week ending 19 February 2001, spending an additional week on the chart before dropping out. The track entered and peaked at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart on the issue dated 7 April 2001, in the Netherlands, it charted for one week at number 97. Since I Left You debuted at its position of 29 in Ireland. Since I Left You received widespread critical acclaim, sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine gave the song a positive review, praising it for allow the sampled performances to truly glisten. Allmusics MacKenzie Wilson also spoke favourably of Since I Left You, remarking that it leaves listeners spellbound and in a summer dreamscape of lushness and simplicity. Matt LeMay of Pitchfork Media wrote that the beauty of the lies in the way that The Avalanches turn obvious sonic mismatches into something all their own. Playlouder named Since I Left You the twenty-ninth best single of 2001, calling it gorgeous and much greater than the sum of its parts
39.
MTV Europe Music Award
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The MTV Europe Music Awards is an event presented by MTV Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. Since 2007, the winners are chosen by the viewers and fans by visiting the EMAs website, the first EMAs ceremony was held in 1994 in Berlin, Germany. Though it was conceived as an alternative to the MTV Video Music Awards. The MTV Europe Music Awards are held every year in a different country and it has been hosted mostly in the United Kingdom. Since 2011 other worldwide/regional nominations have been added, the awards are presented annually and broadcast live on MTV Europe, MTV Live HD and most of the international MTV channels as well as online. 1994, The first MTV Europe Music Awards in 1994 were held on 24 November, George Michael performed Jesus To A Child and Freedom surrounded by many famous models including Naomi Campbell and Bono received the Free Your Mind Award on behalf of Amnesty International. 1995, French nuclear testing in the South Pacific got the most attention at the 1995 ceremony, during his acceptance speech after winning the award for Best Rock, Bon Jovi lead singer Jon Bon Jovi said, The only enemy is ignorance. Lets get rid of all nuclear testing. And U2s Bono said, What a city, what a night, what a crowd, what a bomb, what a mistake, stop abusing the earth, urged Madonna in a videotaped segment before designer agnès b. picked up the award for Greenpeace. 1996, During their performance Metallica performed the songs Last Caress, instead of performing their single King Nothing as scheduled. The song So What. is known for its amount of expletives and references to bestiality among many other controversial lyrics while Last Caress has lyrics pertaining to murder, as a result of their performance Metallicas performance and references to Metallica have been removed from future broadcasts of the ceremony. 1997, U2 opened the show performing Mofo dressed in boxing gowns,1998, On this year 6 new categories were introduced including the MTV Selects, UK and Ireland, Northern, Central and Southern. Faithless opened the show with God is a DJ and Madonna performed The Power of Goodbye, the big winners of the night were the Spice Girls and Madonna with two awards. Mel C, alias Sporty Spice, and Emma Bunton, known as Baby Spice, on receiving the award, Mel C shouted, Weve done it again. And a big hello from the two, she added, referring to Mel B and Victoria Adams, both of whom were pregnant and did not attend the ceremony at the Fila Forum in Milan. The Prodigy won the Best Dance award but according to their frontman, Liam Howlett, the Free Your Mind award, given to organisations helping with human rights, was given to Serbian radio station Radio B92 in Belgrade. 1999, Britney Spears was the big winner of the winning four awards. She also performed during the ceremony, entertaining the crowd with a medley of her hits. Baby One More Time, the other multiple winner was Boyzone, who nabbed two awards, for Best UK & Ireland Act and Best Album
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