1.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
2.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
3.
Cherry Red Records
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Cherry Red Records is a British independent record label founded by Iain McNay in 1978. The label has released recordings by Dead Kennedys, Everything But the Girl, The Monochrome Set, in addition to releasing new music, Cherry Red also acts as an umbrella for individual imprints and catalogue specialists. Cherry Red is listed by Music Week as one of the UK’s top ten companies in Q12015 for sales of artist albums. Cherry Red grew from the promotion company founded in 1971 to promote rock concerts at the Malvern Winter Gardens. The latter was the labels biggest seller until McNay invested $10,000 in the recording of the studio album by San Franciscan political punk band Dead Kennedys. Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables and its attendant singles sold well worldwide, McNays view aimed for Cherry Red to be a label that offered a space for artists who would otherwise not fit the image of some of the more succinctly defined and stylised independents. Cherry Red Records was always about musical individuality, diversity, character, commitment and passion and they also marketed other smaller independent record labels, like Bristols Heartbeat Records, who recorded the Glaxo Babies. Cherry Reds role as one of the labels of the early 80s independent scene was confirmed by the success of a budget compilation album compiled by Alway. Retailing for 99p, Pillows & Prayers topped the independent charts for several weeks, Cherry Red continued to sign contemporary artists but increasingly moved into the reissue market from the late 1980s onwards. It has a number of subsidiary labels dealing in genre-specific releases, curating many critically unloved musical genres, the company has also signed agreements with a number of specialist reissue labels, which operate with a degree of autonomy using Cherry Reds logistical and financial support. Mark Stratfords RPM Records label focuses on pop music from the 1960s to the advent of punk, esoteric Recordings, headed by Mark Powell, specialises in progressive rock and folk catalogue. Mark Brennan heads 7Ts Records, which reissues albums by that decades glam/glitter generation, él Records continues under the auspices of Mike Alway, alongside other labels including Poker, Giant Steps, Mortarhate, Now Sounds, and Ork. In 2007, the company launched a television service, cherry red TV. It also publishes a magazine and an in-house publishing division. In early 2015, Cherry Red Records and PWL reissued the first four Kylie Minogue albums, Kylie, Enjoy Yourself, Rhythm Of Love and Lets Get To It, as deluxe CD/DVD and LP boxsets. In 2016 Cherry Red had their highest Top 40 chart position and they are also due to release the brand new studio album from Van Der Graaf Generator in September. In June 2008 the Pillows & Prayers box set won the Best Catalogue Release category at that years Mojo Honours. At the 2013 Association of Independent Music Awards, Cherry Red won the Special Catalogue Release award for Scared To Get Happy - a box set that explored indie pop from 1980-1989
4.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
5.
Limping for a Generation
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Limping for a Generation was the 1984 debut album by the British band The Blow Monkeys. The singer and guitarist also billed the record as jazz-punk, and defined The Blow Monkeys early production by stating, in the same source. This strange work was at times sensual and sinister, skronky and soulful, dreary and delirious, its tunes are solid, but lacked many singalong hooks. /Who am I to be shy. Dressed in impeccable suits on the sleeve, The Blow Monkeys had only one external helper for this album, Pete Wilson, for production, string arrangements and additional keyboards). Three of the four singles taken from their album, Man from Russia, Atomic Lullaby and Wildflower, can be found on their compilation album Choices - The Singles Collection. The later 1999 collection contains instead five B-sides from the 1984 album, as Dr. Robert writes, show us at our most relaxed and spontaneous. And give a rounded picture of what was really the most important thing to us. In the wake of The Blow Monkeys later success, RCA reissued Limping for a Generation in 1986 with a new sleeve design, in 2012, Cherry Red announced the release of a 2-CD deluxe edition with a whole bonus disc of previously unissued demos and B-sides. Fencat Online, Dr Roberts Official Website
6.
Animal Magic (The Blow Monkeys album)
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Animal Magic is the second album from the British band The Blow Monkeys, released in 1986 by RCA/Ariola. It gave the group their breakthrough after their debut album. Sales of Animal Magic were boosted by the hit single Digging Your Scene, which charted in the UK, the rest of Europe, the albums first single, the ballad Forbidden Fruit, had been released almost a year before the LP. Animal Magic displayed an intelligent collection of slick, soul-influenced, mid-tempo tunes, in 2012, Cherry Red announced the release of a 2-CD deluxe edition with a whole bonus disc of previously unissued demos and B-sides. Words and music by Dr. Robert, * Cover versions have been released by Ivy on Long Distance and Guestroom, and by Rahsaan Patterson on the Japanese edition of Love in Stereo
7.
UK Albums Chart
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The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company on Fridays and it is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 and published in Music Week magazine, and on the OCC website. To qualify for the Official Albums Chart the album must be the correct length and it must be more than three tracks or 20 minutes long and not be classed as a budget album. A budget album costs between £0.50 and £3.75, additionally, various artist compilations – which until January 1989 were included in the main album listing – are now listed separately in a compilations chart. Full details of the rules can be found on the OCC website. In the 1970s the new chart was revealed at 12,45 pm on Thursdays on BBC Radio 1. Since October 1993 it has included in The Official Chart show from 4,00 –5,45 pm on Fridays. A weekly Album Chart show was licensed out to BBC Radio 2 and presented by Simon Mayo,2005 saw a record number of artist album sales with 126.2 million sold in the UK. In February 2015, it was announced that, due to the sales of albums and rise in popularity of audio streaming. Under the revised methodology, the Official Charts Company takes the 12 most streamed tracks from one album, the total of these streams is divided by 1000 and added to the pure sales of the album. This calculation was designed to ensure that the chart continues to reflect the popularity of the albums themselves. The final number one album on the UK Albums Chart to be based purely on sales alone was Smoke + Mirrors by Imagine Dragons, on 1 March 2015, In the Lonely Hour by Sam Smith became the first album to top the new streaming-incorporated Official Albums Chart. The most successful artists in the charts depends on the criteria used, as of February 2016, Queen albums have spent more time on the British album charts than any other musical act, followed by The Beatles, Elvis Presley, U2 and ABBA. By most weeks at one, however, The Beatles lead with a total of 174 weeks. The male solo artist with the most weeks at one is Presley with a total of 66 weeks. Presley also holds the record for the most number one albums by a solo artist and most top ten albums by any artist. Madonna has the most number one albums by a female artist in the UK, though this includes the Evita film soundtrack which was a cast recording, Adele is the female solo artist with the most weeks at number one, with a total of 37 weeks. Queens Greatest Hits is the album in UK chart history with 6 million copies sold as of February 2014
8.
Dance Club Songs
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The Dance Club Songs chart is a weekly national survey of the songs that are most popular in U. S. dance clubs. It is compiled by Billboard exclusively from playlists submitted by nightclub disc jockeys who must apply, the current number-one song on the Dance Club Songs chart for the issue dated April 15,2017, is Lick Me Up by Tony Moran and Dani Toro featuring Zhana Roiya. Dance Club Songs has undergone several incarnations since its inception in 1974, originally a top-ten list of tracks that garnered the largest audience response in New York City discothèques, the chart began on October 26,1974 under the title Disco Action. The chart went on to feature playlists from various cities around the country from week to week, Billboard continued to run regional and city-specific charts throughout 1975 and 1976 until the issue dated August 28,1976, when a thirty-position National Disco Action Top 30 premiered. During the first half of the 1980s the chart maintained eighty slots until March 16,1985 when the Disco charts were splintered and renamed, two charts appeared, Hot Dance/Disco, which ranked club play, and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, which ranked 12-inch single sales. Only Hot Dance Club Songs still exists today and these stations are also a part of the electronically monitored panel that encompasses the Hot 100. Radio airplay is not limited to that counted on the Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart, during this time, Billboard rival publication Record World was the first to compile a dance chart which incorporated club play on a national level. Noted Billboard statistician Joel Whitburn has since adopted Record Worlds chart data from the weeks between March 29,1975 and August 21,1976 into Billboards club play history. For the sake of continuity, Record Worlds national chart is incorporated into both Whitburns Dance/Disco publication as well as the 1975 and 1976 number-ones lists, with the issue dated August 28,1976, Billboard premiered its own national chart and their data is used from this date forward. For the full list of all 100 All Time Top Dance Club Artists, both Enrique Iglesias and Dave Aude are tied with 14 number-ones on the chart, the most among male artists. Iglesias, however, is the male vocalist to accomplish this feat, while Aude is the only producer to achieve this milestone. Four acts have attained thirteen number-one songs, Whitney Houston, Kylie Minogue, Yoko Ono, Kylie Minogue became the first act to have two songs in the top three on March 5,2011. Her song Better than Today was number-one while Higher, a song by Taio Cruz on which Minogue features, was number three, the first 12-inch single made commercially available to the public was Ten Percent by Double Exposure in 1976. The first number one on Billboards Disco Action chart was Never Can Say Goodbye by Gloria Gaynor in 1974, the first number one on Billboards National Disco Action Top 30 was You Should Be Dancing by the Bee Gees in 1976. Beginning with the February 23,1991 issue, the dance chart became song specific, in all scenarios this was due to the tracks being included in film soundtrack albums. In 1978, four tracks from Thank God Its Friday, in 1980, madonna holds the record for the most chart hits, the most top-twenty hits, the most top-ten hits and the most total weeks at number one. The Trammps are the act to replace themselves at number one. The longest running number-ones on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart are Bad Luck by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes2 in 1975, both entries spent eleven weeks in the top spot
9.
She Was Only a Grocer's Daughter
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She Was Only a Grocers Daughter is the third album from British band, The Blow Monkeys, originally released in 1987. Some titles and lyrics on this album reflected the dissatisfaction of Dr Robert, after a gradual shift towards a slicker, Pop-oriented style, The Blow Monkeys also introduced a dance beat, which became a defining feature of the bands later releases. Their record label RCA invested heavily in the promotion of She Was Only a Grocers Daughter by issuing in several different editions and she Was Only a Grocers Daughter peaked at No.20 in the UK Album Chart in April 1987. It was also their album which spawned four UK Top 75 singles. The popular opening track, It Doesnt Have to Be This Way, proved to be their most successful single ever, the albums other three singles were, the suggestive ballad Out With Her, Some Kind of Wonderful, The Day After You. She Was Only a Grocers Daughter also included another remarkable ballad, Beautiful Child, while Checking Out was later reworked on Springtime for the World in a more defined, powerful way. Singer/songwriter Grayson Hugh, who would be signed as an artist by RCA, was hired to sing vocals on Some Kind Of Wonderful, Rise Above. Words and music by Dr. Robert It Doesnt Have to Be This Way —4,00 Some Kind of Wonderful —3,33 Out with Her —4,40 How Long Can a Bad Thing Last
10.
Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol
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Police Academy 4, Citizens on Patrol is the fourth comedy film in the Police Academy series. A group of Police Academy graduates are sent to train a group of newly recruited civilian officers, the original Police Academy cast reprise their roles in the film. Capt. Harris, not seen since the first installment, returns as the films nemesis, in Police Academy 2 and 3, Capt. Mauser filled that role, but Metrano asked to be replaced for the remainder of the series after filming number 3. This was the last Police Academy movie to feature Steve Guttenberg as Carey Mahoney and this film also stars a young David Spade, as well as a brief appearance from pro skateboarder Tony Hawk as Spades double in the skateboarding scene. Carey Mahoney and his friends Moses Hightower, Larvell Jones, Eugene Tackleberry, Zed, Sweetchuck, Laverne Hooks, the civilians include the enormous Tommy House Conklin, gung-ho senior citizen Lois Feldman, Tackleberrys own father-in-law, and skateboarding delinquents Kyle and Arnie. They were caught by Capt. Harris and the judge is about to throw the book at them, until Mahoney speaks to the judge to let Arnie, the judge agrees to this, and the boys are joined by their unsuccessful attorney, Butterworth. Captain Thaddeus Harris believes the concept of doing police work is asinine and is determined to see the COP program fail. The volunteers however do well in their training, Mrs. Feldman excels in firing Tackleberrys.44 Magnum and the two find a friendly bond in each other. Through his loss Zed gains a love interest, Laura, a reporter/photographer who has come to the academy to view Lassards COP program, unfortunately Harris ruins the moment and insults Zed and Laura, which causes Zed to replace Harris deodorant with mace. In the next scene, while Zed instructs the volunteers on the important matter of how to correctly eat a donut. Despite the pranks played upon him during the training exercises the volunteers take. Later, after being yelled at again by Captain Harris and being called a disgrace, Zed is comforted again by Laura, after several volunteers accidentally foil an undercover police sting, the Citizens on Patrol program is suspended, much to Harris delight. While Harris gives a tour of his precinct, Proctor messes up and is tricked into releasing every inmate at the precinct 19 jail, including a team of ninjas, and special guest Randall Tex Cobb. After the criminals imprison Harris and his guests, they make their escape from the only to run into Mrs. Feldman. When Lassards officers hear of the jailbreak, the COP volunteers are dispatched along with the officers to catch the escaped felons. After stopping a robbery and an air balloon chase, the felons are all recaptured. Several of the chiefs who had gone to witness Lassards program in action congratulate and compliment Lassard on his program. Carey Mahoney Bubba Smith as Sgt, Moses Hightower Michael Winslow as Sgt
11.
Dirty Dancing (soundtrack)
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Dirty Dancing is the original soundtrack of the 1987 film Dirty Dancing. The album became a commercial success. It went on to sell 32 million copies worldwide and is one of the albums of all time. In the United States the album spent 18 weeks at #1 on the Billboard 200 album sales charts, as of 2007, it is still re-entering the Irish charts on occasion, having spent more than 230 weeks in the top 30. There was an album entitled More Dirty Dancing. Ultimate Dirty Dancing was released in 2003 and contains every song from the motion picture Dirty Dancing sequenced in the order it appears in the film. The Time of My Life –4,47 Be My Baby –2,37 Shes Like the Wind –3,53 Hungry Eyes –4,06 Stay –1,34 Yes –3,15 You Dont Own Me –2,59 Hey. Baby –2,21 Overload –3,39 Love Is Strange –2,52 Where Are You Tonight, disc one Be My Baby Where Are You Tonight
12.
Grayson Hugh
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Grayson Hugh is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, Hammond B3 organ player and composer. He is best known for his 1989 hit Talk It Over, Hugh was the first generation of his family to be born in the United States, and grew up surrounded by classical music, his father being the classical music radio host Ivor Hugh. His mother was born in Shanghai, the daughter of missionary, Dr. Rawlinsons nine books, including a life of Christ in Chinese, are in the Yale University Divinity Library. Hugh began playing the piano at the age of three years, in his early teens, however, rock and roll and soul won out. He played for a year as the pianist in an African-American gospel church and he also studied piano with jazz pianist Jaki Byard and avant garde pianist Ran Blake. Hugh would drop out of school during his junior year to focus on his music. During his 20s, Hugh supplemented his income as a rock and this began his association as composer for several well-known choreographers, notably Viola Farber of New York, Prometheus Dance and Christine Bennett of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He also briefly attended school at the University of Bridgeport. Hugh struggled with alcoholism in the 1970s, achieving sobriety in 1980, in 1980, Hugh released a self-titled album. This album was produced by Ron Scalise, winner of 14 Emmy Awards for audio work with ESPN, Hugh moved to New York City in 1986 and due to a chance meeting with producer Michael Baker in an elevator, Hugh was signed to RCA Records in 1987. He broke into the Billboard Hot 100 in 1989 with three singles from his album Blind to Reason, in 1989 Talk It Over, a song written by Sandy Linzer and Irwin Levine that Hugh arranged, reached the Top 20. After Hugh had arranged and recorded song, Olivia Newton-John was given rights of first release, then recorded it herself. Hugh subsequently released his version became a hit. His two other singles Bring It All Back and How Bout Us were also radio hits, Blind to Reason eventually went gold in Australia. Hughs second major label album Road to Freedom was voted one of the years top-ten albums by Billboard Magazine, leonard Pitts, Jr. of the Miami Herald said, Have I heard any newcomer in the last decade who excites me as much as this guy. Director Ridley Scott heard an advance pressing of Road to Freedom and they eventually settled on two, I Cant Untie You From Me and Dont Look Back. Graysons gospel-tinged arrangement of Bob Dylans Ill Remember You was the featured song for the film Fried Green Tomatoes. Hugh was soon bankrupt as a result of mismanagement by his business team
13.
Whoops! There Goes the Neighbourhood
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There Goes the Neighbourhood was The Blow Monkeys 1989 follow-up album to She Was Only A Grocers Daughter, released two years before. The first single was This Is Your Life, still a pop rock/new wave track, the next version of the song, its 1989 remix, which turned it into a properly dance tune, fared much better, reaching Number 32 in Great Britain. The album track list was quickly rejigged, Wait recredited as a Blow Monkeys song and included on the album, together with the more successful, the original version was added to the CD version, and miscredited as a 1988 remix. The original track listing is still reflected in the order of the lyrics in the CD booklet, and on the vinyl inner sleeve. The final CD edition included three tracks, the original version of This Is Your Life, its B-Side, The Love of Which I Dare Not Speak. Words and music, Dr. Robert, who thanks either Buddha and God, and also granting fans and buyers in general, that, This record is NOT for sale in South Africa
14.
Chicago house
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Chicago house refers to house music produced during the mid to late 1980s within Chicago. The term is used to refer to the first ever house music productions. Following Chicagos Disco Demolition Night in mid-1979, disco musics mainstream popularity fell into decline, in the early 1980s, fewer and fewer disco records were being released, but the genre remained popular in some Chicago nightclubs and on at least one radio station, WBMX-FM. Some of these DJs also made and played their own edits of their songs on reel-to-reel tape. Some even mixed in effects, drum machines, and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation in an effort to give songs more appeal and these edits and remixes were rarely released to the public, and even then were available only on privately pressed vinyl records or on mixtapes. One DJ, Jesse Saunders, ran a vanity record label through which he released original dance music productions which emulated various popular styles of the day, in 1984, the label released, on 12-inch single, a song called On and On. Saunders composed the track with Vince Lawrence in order to replace a record which had stolen from Saunders collection. Saunders success with the relatively unpolished On & On inspired other Chicago DJs to try their hand at producing and releasing songs in a similar style. These producers were aided in their efforts by the availability of affordable, mass-produced electronic music instruments, including synthesizers, compact sequencers, drum machines, although there are conflicting accounts of the terms etymology, by 1985, house music was synonymous with these homegrown dance music productions. Mainstream record stores often did not carry it, as the records were not available through the record distributors. In Chicago, only record stores such as Importes Etc, state Street Records, JR’s Music shop and Gramaphone Records were the primary suppliers of this music. The Hot Mix 5 shows started with the launch in 1981. Trends in house music soon became subgenres, such as the lush, slower-tempo deep house, deep houses origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingerss relatively jazzy, soulful recordings Mystery of Love and Can You Feel It. Which, according to author Richie Unterberger, moved house music away from its posthuman tendencies back towards the lush sound of early disco music. Acid house arose from Chicago artists experiments with the squelchy Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, and the styles earliest release on vinyl is generally cited as Phutures Acid Tracks. Phuture, a group founded by Nathan DJ Pierre Jones, Earl Spanky Smith Jr. the groups 12-minute Acid Tracks was recorded to tape and was played by DJ Ron Hardy at the Music Box, where Hardy was resident DJ. Hardy once played it four times over the course of an evening until the crowd responded favorably, the track also utilized a Roland TR-707 drum machine. Several house tracks became #1 hits on the UK Singles Chart, at least three styles of dancing are associated with house music, Footwork, Jacking, and Lofting
15.
Springtime for the World
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Springtime for the World was a 1990 album from The Blow Monkeys. The Blow Monkeys next album, Whoops, the latter saw that fearless experimentation achieving its full fruition. La Passionara was actually released as a double A-side single, also containing one of the albums stand-out tracks, If You Love Somebody. The booklet, the first and only from the not to feature the full lyrics to all songs, only included this tunes Arabic text. In Too Deep —4,33 Springtime for the World —3,25 Vibe Alive
16.
Paul Weller
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John William Paul Weller, Jr. is an English singer, songwriter, musician. Weller achieved fame with the punk rock/new wave/mod revival band The Jam and he had further success with the blue-eyed soul music of The Style Council, before establishing himself as a solo artist in 1991. Despite widespread critical recognition as a singer, lyricist, and guitarist, Weller has remained a national, rather than international, star and he is also the principal figure of the 1970s and 1980s mod revival, and is often referred to as The Modfather. The Daily Telegraph said of Weller, Apart from David Bowie, its hard to think of any British solo artist whos had as varied, long-lasting, the BBC described Weller in 2007 as one of the most revered music writers and performers of the past 30 years. In 2012, he was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork – the Beatles Sgt, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life. He has received four Brit Awards, winning the award for Best British Male twice, Weller was born on 25 May 1958 in Woking, Surrey, England, to John and Ann Weller. Although born John William Weller, he known as Paul by his parents. His father worked as a driver and a builder and his mother was a part-time cleaner. Weller started his education at Maybury County First School in 1963 and his love of music began with The Beatles, then The Who and Small Faces. By the time Weller was eleven and moving up to Sheerwater County Secondary school, music was the biggest part of his life, Wellers musical vocation was confirmed after seeing Status Quo in concert in 1972. He formed the first incarnation of The Jam in the year, playing bass guitar with his best friends Steve Brookes. Wellers father, acting as their manager, began booking the band into local working mens clubs, Brookes left the band in 1976, and Weller and Foxton decided they would swap guitar roles, with Weller now the guitarist. The Jams first single, In the City took them into the UK Top 40 in May 1977, the increasing popularity of their blend of Wellers barbed lyrics with pop melodies eventually led to their first number one single, Going Underground, in March 1980. They became the band other than the Beatles to perform both sides of the same single on one edition of Top of the Pops. The Jam even had two singles, Thats Entertainment and Just Who Is the 5 OClock Hero, the Jam still hold the record for the best-selling import-only singles in the UK charts. Their final single, Beat Surrender, became their fourth UK chart topper and their farewell concerts at Wembley Arena were multiple sell-outs, their final concert took place at the Brighton Centre on 11 December 1982. At the beginning of 1983, Weller teamed up with keyboard player Mick Talbot to form a new group called The Style Council, Weller brought in Steve White to play drums, as well as singer Dee C. Lee, who had previously been a singer with Wham
17.
Beth Orton
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Elizabeth Caroline Beth Orton is an English singer-songwriter, known for her folktronica sound, which mixes elements of folk and electronica. She was initially recognised for her collaborations with William Orbit, Andrew Weatherall, Red Snapper and her UK/US debut solo album, Trailer Park, garnered much critical acclaim in 1996. Orton developed an audience with the release of the BRIT Award-winning album Central Reservation. Her 2006 album Comfort of Strangers was followed by a hiatus during which Orton gave birth to her daughter, Orton returned with Sugaring Season in 2012, which moved towards a purer acoustic sound, followed by a return to electronic music with Kidsticks, released in 2016. Orton was born in East Dereham, Norfolk, but moved to Dalston and her mother died from cancer in 1989, when Beth was aged 19, which led to her travelling to Thailand for a short period, residing with Buddhist nuns. Upon returning to London, Orton worked at such as a waitress at Pizza Hut. Orton was an actress before becoming a musician, initially enrolling at the Anna Scher Theatre School and she toured in an experimental stage adaptation of Une Saison en Enfer with a theatre company touring throughout the UK, Russia and Ukraine, playing Rimbauds lover. Her first contribution in music came after she met William Orbit at a party and they began a relationship shortly after, and he encouraged her to do some spoken word for his Strange Cargo project and to sing. Possibly the best-known work from that time is Water from a Vine Leaf, which she co-wrote and she regarded Orbits influence as very positive, commenting I think William pulled me out of the crowd and pulled me out of the gutter, in a way. Because I dont know where my enthusiasm was going to take me, shortly after, Orton and Orbit began experimenting to pull an LP together. Dont Wanna Know Bout Evil was the first track on the album Superpinkymandy and this rare album was released in Japan alone, in extremely limited numbers. The sound is very much Orbits, but all songs were written by both Orton and Orbit, and some tracks were later recycled, in different versions. She Cries Your Name later appeared on Trailer Park, yesterdays Gone became Montok Point on the fourth Strange Cargo release, Hinterland. Hinterland featured Ortons vocals on tracks, and also included an alternative version of She Cries Your Name. Orton provided a vocal to the first Red Snapper EP in 1994, then co-wrote. Three tracks on the album were produced by Andrew Weatherall, whom she selected based on his production of one of her favourite records at the time, the album presented Ortons signature sound, an innovative mix of acoustic-based songwriting and electronic beats and elements. She began to tour this record, first supporting acts such as The Beautiful South, in June 1997, she had her first UK Top 40 hit single with a reissue of She Cries Your Name. Improving on her previous best chart position, reaching No.38 in the UK, Central Reservation, her second album, helped Orton build on the success of her début
18.
Q (magazine)
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Q is a popular music magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom. Q was first published by the EMAP media group in October 1986, setting apart from much of the other music press with monthly production and higher standards of photography. In the early years, the magazine was sub-titled The modern guide to music, originally it was to be called Cue, but the name was changed so that it wouldnt be mistaken for a snooker magazine. Another reason, cited in Qs 200th edition, is that a title would be more prominent on newsstands. In January 2008 EMAP sold its consumer titles, including Q. The magazine has a review section, featuring, new releases, reissues, music compilations, film and live concert reviews, as well as radio. It uses a system from one to five stars, indeed. While its content is non-free they host an archive of all of their magazine covers, much of the magazine is devoted to interviews with popular musical artists. It is well known for compiling lists and it has created many, ranging from The 100 Greatest albums to the 100 Greatest 100 Greatest Lists. Every other month, Q — and its magazine, Mojo — have a special edition. These have been about musical times, genres, or a very important/influential musician, often, promotional gifts are given away, such as cover-mounted CDs or books. The January 2006 issue included a copy of The Greatest Rock. Every issue of Q has a different message on the spine, readers then try to work out what the message has to do with the contents of the mag. This practice — known as the spine line — has since become commonplace among British lifestyle magazines, including Qs sister publication, Empire, on 4 March 2007, Q named Elvis Presley the greatest singer of all time. The magazine has a relationship with the Glastonbury Festival, producing both a free daily newspaper on site during the festival and a review magazine available at the end of the festival. In late 2008 Q revamped its image, with an amount of text. This Rolling Stone-isation has led to criticism from much of the traditional Q readership, in 2006, Q published a readers survey, the 100 Greatest Songs Ever, won by Oasis Live Forever. Q has a history of associating with charitable organisations, and in 2006 the British anti-poverty charity War on Want was named its official charity, in the April 2007 issue, Q published an article containing the 100 Greatest Singers, won by Elvis Presley
19.
100 Club
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The 100 Club is a music venue located at 100 Oxford Street, London, England. The club attained legendary status in modern British music, having played host to music since 24 October 1942. Originally called the Feldman Swing Club, the name was changed to the 100 Club when the father of the current owner took over in 1964. In 1942, the venue was a restaurant called Macks, which was hired out beginning 24 October every Sunday evening by Robert Feldman at £4 per night to host a club featuring swing music. The club was popular with working people and American GIs, who introduced jitterbug to the club, banned at most other music venues. Patrons included Glenn Miller, who auditioned young Victor Feldman, and the club hosted many top American jazz acts, including Mel Powell, Ray McKinley, Art Pepper, bebop as well as swing was featured. British musicians such as Ronnie Scott and Johnny Dankworth performed there and it became a mecca for black musicians from the British Empire, such as Frank Holder, Coleridge Goode and Ray Ellington. The club was taken over by Humphrey Lytteltons manager and, during that period. Following involvement in the Trad boom, and the UK beat scene, and rhythm and blues, the club became associated with Punk rock. In September 1976, the 100 Club played host to the first international punk festival, bands which played at this event included the Sex Pistols, Siouxsie and the Banshees, The Clash, Buzzcocks, The Jam, The Stranglers and The Damned. Under the promotion of Ron Watts, the venue then booked punk bands like Angelic Upstarts, U. K. Subs and The Adicts, as well as, from 1981 onwards, hardcore bands such as The Varukers, Black Flag, Discharge, Charged GBH, Crass, Picture Frame Seduction, English Dogs. Several live albums were recorded at the club, including one by the Sex Pistols, other nights would see a range of jazz, rhythm-and-blues and soul groups on the stage, including a duel between tenor saxophonists Teddy Edwards and Dick Morrissey in the 1980s. Other giants of jazz, including Sonny Stitt, Lee Konitz,18 September 2010 saw the 6ts have their 31st anniversary. The decor remains unchanged since the 1970s, although punk bands no longer appear there regularly, instead there is a busy programme often booked up many months in advance. Occasionally, big-name touring bands will play secret or low-key unadvertised gigs there, the Coda Club, a monthly social gathering of jazz musicians from the Feldman Swing Club era, continues to be held. On 10 June 2007, George Melly, whose association with the 100 Club goes back to the days when he performed there with Lyttelton, in September 2010, it was announced that the 100 Club would close at the end of 2010 owing to continuing losses. 100 Club Punk Special 100 Club website
20.
Hammersmith Palais
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The Hammersmith Palais de Danse, later renamed as the Hammersmith Palais, was a dance hall and entertainment venue in Hammersmith, London, England that operated from 1919 until 2007. It was the first palais de danse to be built in Britain, in 2009, it was named by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of twelve venues which had made the most important contributions to jazz music in the United Kingdom. The Palais occupied a site on the A219 at 242 Shepherds Bush Road, London W6. The area, one of Londons key communication nodes, has two London Underground stations, a bus station, and the network at Hammersmith Broadway. In October 1933, a new dance floor was installed in the venue. For a period in the 1930s, part of the Palais site was used as an ice rink, the pipes for the ice rink were still under the dance floor, along with the rails of the original tram shed. Parts of the very well sprung dance floor had removable sections where one could see all the pipes. Other house bands during the 1960s and 1970s included Andy Ross, Ken Mackintosh, Tony Evans, many Saturday nights, in excess of 2,000 people would visit the venue. One of the features was a revolving stage with a band on each side. The Hammersmith Palais remained a popular dance venue from its start to the late 1980s, from then on hosting mainly live music gigs, the venue accommodated the popular School-Disco club night, which subsequently moved to the London Forum in Kentish Town. Promoters Onyx Promotions championed Brit-Asian bands and DJs including, DCS, Heera, Juggy D, Panjabi Hit Squad, Premi, RDB, Rishi Rich, the Students Union at Imperial College School of Medicine frequently hired the Palais as a venue for student nights. Bands such as PiL, the Cramps and Soft Cell, who played their farewell concerts there in January 1984, in its last years, the Palais was owned by a company called Barclub Ltd, controller of a chain of themed bars named Po Na Na. In the early 2000s, the briefly renamed the club Po Na Na Hammersmith. On 20 March 2007, despite its importance to Britains cultural history, the venue closed in April 2007, with Kasabian, Idlewild, and Jamie T among artists playing the last concerts there. The last ever gig at the Palais was a performance by Mark E. Smiths the Fall on 1 April 2007, BBC television made a documentary about the venues history titled Last Man at the Palais. Ballroom dancer Lyndon Wainwright danced the Last Waltz at the Palais to conclude the presentation and it was first screened on BBC Four on Christmas Eve 2007. Following its closure as a venue, proposals for the site included use as an office and restaurant complex. In July 2010, the Planning Inspectorate held a public inquiry
21.
Rockfield, Monmouthshire
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Rockfield is a small village in Monmouthshire, south east Wales. It is located beside the River Monnow, about 2 miles north-west of Monmouth, at the junction of the B4233 to Abergavenny, Rockfield Studios is situated just south of the village. The use of the English name, Rockfield, is first documented in 1566, however, it is believed that the name dates back to the 11th century, being derived from the French, Rocheville. The pre-Norman name for the settlement was Llanoronwy, and the Welsh Academy dictionary still gives the Welsh language name for the village as Llanoronwy Carn Cenhedlon, there was some controversy late in 2010, when Monmouthshire County Council reintroduced the Welsh name on local signage. The name was removed from the signs in 2011 after complaints from villagers, the village church is dedicated to an early Welsh saint, Cenedlon, who may have been the wife of Arthfael ab Ithel, king of Gwent in the 7th century. Some old sources show it as being dedicated to St. Kenelm. However, the Welsh name Llanoronwy appears to derive from a third name, the church tower is mediaeval, but the rest of the church was rebuilt and refitted in 1859–60 by John Prichard and John Pollard Seddon in the Early English and Perpendicular styles. It contains a coat of arms of William III, dated 1700. It also contains, beneath the altar, the grave of Bishop Matthew Pritchard, in retirement, he lived with a Catholic family in a mediaeval mansion, Perthîr, beside the river, the house was demolished around 1830. Several buildings in and around the village were constructed as part of the Rolls estate, one of the entrance lodges to the family home at The Hendre,2 miles to the west, is sited immediately north of the village. Almshouses, provided in 1906 by Lord Llangattock for retired estate workers, are located beside the road south of the village. They were designed by Aston Webb and built in local Old Red Sandstone with half-timbering, to the north of the village, Pentwyn is a house designed and occupied from 1837 by the Monmouth architect George Vaughan Maddox, and later extended as a parsonage
22.
Blow Monkeys the Masters
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The second greatest hits album, following Choices - The Singles Collection, it was released in 1989, and contained all their most popular singles. On Blow Monkeys The Masters was the hard to find version of Superfly by Curtis Mayfield. The song was originally a B-side of the 1986 single, Dont Be Scared of Me, there Goes the Neighbourhood was the only two songs here which never appeared in single format, No Woman Is An Island and Squaresville. The album did not feature the second best-charting single from the band, Wait, digging Your Scene Wicked Ways It Doesnt Have to Be This Way Out with Her Celebrate Some Kind of Wonderful This Is Your Life Choice
23.
Curtis Mayfield
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Curtis Lee Mayfield was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, and one of the most influential musicians behind soul and politically conscious African-American music. He first achieved success and recognition with the Impressions during the Civil Rights Movement of the late 1950s and 1960s, born in Chicago, Illinois, Mayfield started his musical career in a gospel choir. Moving to the North Side he met Jerry Butler in 1956 at the age of 14, as a songwriter, Mayfield became noted as one of the first musicians to bring more prevalent themes of social awareness into soul music. In 1965, he wrote People Get Ready for the Impressions, after leaving the Impressions in 1970 in the pursuit of a solo career, Mayfield released several albums, including the soundtrack for the blaxploitation film Super Fly in 1972. The soundtrack was noted for its socially conscious themes, mostly addressing problems surrounding inner city minorities such as crime, poverty, the album was ranked at no.72 on Rolling Stones list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Mayfield was paralyzed from the neck down after lighting equipment fell on him during a performance at Wingate Field in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York. Despite this, he continued his career as a recording artist and he was also a two-time Grammy Hall of Fame inductee. He died from complications of type 2 diabetes in 1999 at the age of 57, Curtis Mayfield was born on June 3,1942, in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Marion Washington and Kenneth Mayfield and grew up one of five children in an impoverished family. Mayfields father left the family when Curtis was five, his mother moved the family into various Chicago projects before settling at Cabrini–Green when he reached his teenage years, Mayfield attended Wells Community Academy High School until dropping out his sophomore year. When he was 14 years old he formed the Alphatones when the Northern Jubilee Gospel Singers decided to try their luck in the heart of Chicago. Fellow group member Gooden was quote It would have nice to have him there with us. When he was 14 he joined his school friend Jerry Butlers group the Roosters in 1956, with Arthur and he wrote and composed for this group who would become the Impressions two years later. Mayfields career began in 1956 when he joined the Roosters with Arthur and Richard Brooks, two years later the Roosters, now including Sam Gooden, became the Impressions. The band had two hit singles with Butler, For Your Precious Love and Come Back My Love, then Butler left. Butler was replaced by Fred Cash, a returning original Roosters member, and Mayfield became lead singer, frequently composing for the band, starting with Gypsy Woman, a Top 20 Pop hit. Their hit Amen, a version of an old gospel tune, was included in the soundtrack of the 1963 United Artists film Lilies of the Field. Mayfields Were a Winner was their last major hit for ABC. Mayfield was a prolific songwriter in Chicago even outside his work for the Impressions, writing and producing scores of hits for many other artists. He also owned the Mayfield and Windy C labels which were distributed by Cameo-Parkway, among Mayfields greatest songwriting successes were three hits that he wrote for Jerry Butler on Vee Jay
24.
P. P. Arnold
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Patricia Ann Cole, known professionally as P. P. Arnold, is an American soul singer who enjoyed considerable success in the United Kingdom from the 1960s onwards. Arnold was born into a family of singers and performed as a vocal soloist for the first time when she was four years old. Her family lived in the African-American Watts ghetto of Los Angeles, Arnold married early and had two children, Kevin and Debbie. She worked two jobs, one in an office and the other in food manufacturing, until 1964, when Maxine Smith, Smith contacted Arnold, whom she knew to be a singer. At the audition the three women were offered the job on the spot, but Smith convinced Arnold to attend a concert in Fresno that night before making a final decision. When she arrived home at 6,00 the next morning, Arnold left him immediately, and after placing her children in the care of her parents, joined the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Arnold quit the Turner band in 1966 while on tour in the UK in order to remain in London and she enjoyed several major British hits on Immediate, including songs written for her by Paul Korda, who wrote The Time Has Come. She toured with the Small Faces during 1967-68, made several TV appearances with them and her first backing band, the Blue Jays, had been inherited from American soul singer Ronnie Jones and included former Bluesbreakers guitarist Roger Dean. During this period she scored several hits including a cover of the Cat Stevens song The First Cut Is the Deepest and Angel of the Morning, plus the Marriott-Lane song Groovy. Between 1969 and 1970, she recorded songs which were produced by Gibb himself. In February 1970, she sang vocals on the song Born which was included on Gibbs debut solo album The Kids No Good. In 1970 she moved to the stage, appearing alongside P. J. Proby in the rock musical Catch My Soul. She then formed a new backing band included the future members of Ashton, Gardner & Dyke, plus Steve Howe. In 1974 she sang on the Freddie King album Burglar and feeling out of place in the rapidly changing British music scene of the mid-1970s, Arnold and Samuels returned to her hometown of Los Angeles. While living there, Arnolds relationship with Samuels ended and just two weeks after the split, her daughter Debbie was killed in a car accident, after her daughters death, Arnold withdrew from public life for some time, not re-emerging until 1978. At this time she was reunited with Barry Gibb, who wanted to complete the never-finished solo album for her, in 1981 she moved to Hollywood but returned to England the following year to raise her younger son there. Weeks before beginning a tour with Billy Ocean, her legs were injured in a car accident. She went ahead with the Ocean tour, at first appearing on crutches, without a record contract and unable to play live, Arnold survived by doing sessions for advertising jingles
25.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
26.
Official Charts Company
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The OCC is operated jointly by the British Phonographic Industry and the Entertainment Retailers Association. Since 1 July 1997, CIN and then the OCC have compiled the official charts, prior to this date, the charts were produced by a succession of market research companies, beginning with the British Market Research Bureau in 1969, and later by Gallup. All of the OCCs charts are published weekly on Friday nights, from 3 August 1969 until 5 July 2015, the chart week ran from Sunday to Saturday. Genre-specific charts include UK Dance Chart, UK Indie Chart, UK R&B Chart, UK Rock Chart, the Scottish Singles and Albums Charts ― and the former Welsh Singles and Albums Chart ― appears in listings within the Official Charts Company. It is a regional listing reflecting how sales towards the UK Singles Chart, the Welsh Singles and Album Chart served the same purpose in Wales. It also charts the UK DVD Chart and UK Budget Album Chart, while their music charts are now Friday to Thursday, their video charts remain Sunday to Saturday. On 5 September 2008, the Official UK Charts Company rebranded itself as the Official Charts Company and it later dropped the word Company and became just Official Charts. From May 2012, a new chart was launched – the Official Streaming Chart and this counts audio streams from streaming services Spotify, Deezer, Blinkbox Music, Napster, amongst others. In April 2015, the UKs first vinyl record chart was launched by the Official Charts Company due to the surge of interest in the sector. The chart was launched following the growth of the sector in the UK for the year in a row. Beginning in 2017 the Official Charts Company changed its methodology for calculating the Top 40, prior to January 2017,100 streams counted as one sale of a song. From January onward, the ratio became 150,1, UK Albums Chart UK Singles Chart UK Video Charts UK Singles Downloads Chart UK Album Downloads Chart British Phonographic Industry Official Charts Company website
27.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
28.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
29.
British Hit Singles & Albums
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British Hit Singles & Albums was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment and it listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums, the publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2008. A new version of the published by Virgin and entitled The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice, Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts, British Hit Singles & Albums was generally considered to be the authoritative reference source for both the UK Singles Chart and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952, listing them in alphabetical order, the entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists chart details, the books sources are the New Musical Express chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the Record Retailer chart thereafter. Other records to which this applies include 19th Nervous Breakdown by The Rolling Stones, Stranger on the Shore by Acker Bilk and the Eurovision Song Contest entry Are You Sure by The Allisons. Co-founder Jo Rice has defended the choice of source material on the grounds that Record Retailer was the only chart to consistently publish a Top 50 from 1960 onwards. As a result, the placings in that chart were more open to error, the first edition was published as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles in July 1977. It wasnt the first Guinness music reference publication, as the year a book called The Guinness Book of Music Facts & Feats had been published. It also contained feats from the world of classical music, the first edition was issued to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the first UK singles sales chart, which was published in November 1952, by the New Musical Express. Subsequently, a new edition was published two years, adding a few hundred titles to each edition. 1 hits, Most weeks on chart or Least successful chart artist, also included in the books were photographs and introductions written by the four authors. They also wrote a bi-annual lookback on the developments in the UK charts in the two preceding years. The series was regarded as the number one source for music and chart reference, thanks to the commercial success of the books. The series 10th edition, published in June 1995, was the last to feature its original authors Rice, Rice and Gambaccini
30.
MusicBrainz
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MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an open data music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the placed on the Compact Disc Database. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a compact disc metadata storehouse to become an open online database for music. MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and these entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the date and country. As of 26 July 2016, MusicBrainz contained information about roughly 1.1 million artists,1.6 million releases, end-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add metadata tags to their digital media files, such as MP3, Ogg Vorbis or AAC. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community is in charge for maintaining and reviewing the data, besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, must be used for this, in 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatables patented TRM for acoustic fingerprint matching. This feature attracted many users and allowed the database to grow quickly, however, by 2005 TRM was showing scalability issues as the number of tracks in the database had reached into the millions. This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP, tRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008. In October 2009 MusicIP was acquired by AmpliFIND, some time after the acquisition, the MusicDNS service began having intermittent problems. Since the future of the free service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský, while AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes, storing these 8 times per second, additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns. The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity, since 2003, MusicBrainzs core data are in the public domain, and additional content, including moderation data, is placed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA-2.0 license. The relational database management system is PostgreSQL, the server software is covered by the GNU General Public License. The MusicBrainz client software library, libmusicbrainz, is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, in December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation, a non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye
