The Brown Daily Herald is the student newspaper of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Established in 1866 and published daily since 1891, The Herald is the second-oldest student newspaper among America's college dailies, it is financially and editorially independent of the University, publishes Monday through Friday during the academic year with additional issues during commencement and orientation. The Herald is managed by a board of trustees comprising two editorial staffers, two business staffers and five Herald alumni. Many alumni of The Brown Daily Herald have gone on to careers in journalism, several have won Pulitzer Prizes; the Herald first appeared on Wednesday, December 2, 1891. The first issue was printed during the night and copies were distributed to each door in the dormitories with no preliminary announcement; the secret planning for the paper was begun about a month earlier by Ted Baylies 1895 and George Hunter 1893, who, as readers of The Harvard Crimson and The Yale Daily News, were convinced that they could put out a daily newspaper at Brown.

They enlisted the help of John 1893 and Edward Casey 1893, who were putting themselves through college in their printing shop at the foot of College Hill. Baylies and Steve Hopkins 1893 rounded up advertising for the whole year to insure the financial soundness of their proposed venture. Ben Johnson 1893, H. Anthony Dyer 1894, Guy A. Andrews 1895 were named to the board of editors; the approval of 8th University President Elisha Benjamin Andrews and other faculty members was obtained before the first issue appeared. The four-page paper was printed at the Casey shop on a single-cylinder press operated by a wheel by the labor of the editors after they discovered that the tramp printer they had hired was given to drinking; the price of the paper was two cents $1.50 per year. The Herald received a cool reception from the Brunonian, which in 1890 had welcomed the Brown Magazine as a new literary publication and devoted its own pages to news, but had rejected the idea of daily publication. A Brunonian editorial criticized the appearance of The Herald, stated: Nevertheless, The Herald survived and began to have a social life, holding its first banquet at the Crown Hotel in 1903, playing the first of a long series of annual baseball games against the Brunonian in 1907.

As a supporter of Charles Evans Hughes 1881 for president in 1916, The Herald and in large print proclaimed his victory on November 8, 1916 before learning that he had lost the election. The Herald dropped the word "Daily" in May 1917. In the fall of 1918 the paper became a semi-weekly. On February 1, 1919, daily publication was resumed. During the war, letters from alumni in the service were featured. After the war, the paper turned its attention to other matters, printing a green issue for St. Patrick's Day in 1920, on January 20, 1921, an editorial on the immoral behavior of Brown students and their dates, the "social buds", who came to Brown dances and checked their corsets with the hat-check attendant; the editorial provoked received a whole page of coverage in the Boston American. The Literary Supplement of the Brown Daily Herald, a twelve-page collection of poetry and short pieces of prose, priced at fifteen cents, made two appearances, in April and May 1921, disappeared. For some reason, in December 1921, when The Herald was celebrating its thirtieth anniversary, the masthead began to include the words, "Founded in 1866, Daily since 1891."

The reason for the determination of this date of "founding" is uncertain. The Herald decided to adopt its rival, the Brunonian — with which it had coexisted – as an antecedent; the Herald would be able to stretch its life back to 1866, when another Brunonian, this one a rival of the Brown Paper, appeared. On October 19, 1924, a newspaper appeared with the title, Brown Daily Drivel, a single issue printed by students as a travesty of The Brown Daily Herald. In years, The Herald issued its own comic papers on April Fools' Day. In 1933, The Herald caused a considerable stir by launching an editorial campaign urging students at Brown and at other colleges to sign petitions pledging "not to bear arms except when the country is invaded." An unexpected result was the appointment by the Rhode Island General Assembly of a committee "to investigate the University and to provide penalties for disloyalty to the State and Nation." The response of the students was to raise the number of pledges to 700. The peace drive spread to other colleges and soon an Intercollegiate Disarmament Council was inviting colleges across the country to join the peace movement.

The university administration, while not in favor of the stand, did not interfere, the legislative committee concluded that there was no need to suppress the movement as there was no evidence of a connection with disloyal organizations outside the University. When a destructive hurricane struck New England on September 21, 1938, during freshman week, eight upperclassmen who were on campus to greet the freshmen managed to get out by candlelight a mimeographed one-page edition of The Herald, followed by a similar two-page issue the next day. During World War II, The Brown Daily Herald again suspended publication on January 12, 1943. From March 10 to August 13, 1943 the paper was called the Brown Herald. From August 20, 1943 to October 5, 1945 the weekly Brown Herald-Record replaced the Brown Herald and the Pembroke Record, during that time had a woman editor, Audrey Mishel'44. In September 1947, when The Herald resumed daily publication, it published a magazine called Midnight, a manual of sorts for the Herald staff.

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Digital planar holography is a method for designing and fabricating miniature components for integrated optics. It was invented by Vladimir Yankov and first published in 2003; the essence of the DPH technology is embedding computer designed digital holograms inside a planar waveguide. Light propagates through the plane of the hologram instead of perpendicularly, allowing for a long interaction path. Benefits of a long interaction path have long been used by volume or thick holograms. Planar configuration of the hologram provider for easier access to the embedded diagram aiding in its manufacture. Light can be confined in waveguides by a refractive index gradient. Light propagates in a core layer, surrounded by a cladding layer, which should be selected the core refractive index Ncore is greater than that of cladding Nclad: Ncore> Nclad. Cylindrical waveguides allow for one-dimensional light propagation along the axis. Planar waveguides, fabricated by sequential depositing flat layers of transparent materials with a proper refractive index gradient on a standard wafer, confine light in one direction and permit free propagation in two others.

Light waves propagating in the core infiltrate both cladding layers to a small degree. If the refractive index is modulated in the wave path, light of each given wavelength can be directed to the desired point; the DPH technology, or Yankov hologram, comprises design and fabrication of the holographic nano-structures inside a planar waveguide, providing light processing and control. There are many ways of modulating the core refractive index, the simplest of, engraving the required pattern by nanolithography means; the modulation is created by embedding a digital hologram on the lower or upper core surface or on the both of them. According to NOD statement, standard lithographical processes can be used, making mass production straightforward and inexpensive. Nanoimprinting could be another viable method of fabricating DPH patterns; each DPH pattern is customized for a given application and computer-generated. It consists of numerous nano-grooves, each about 100 nm wide, positioned in a way, providing maximum efficiency for a specific application.

The devices are fabricated on standard wafers. While the total number of nano-grooves is huge, a typical device size of DPH devices is on the millimeter scale; the small footprint of the DPH makes it possible to combine with other elements of photonic integrated circuits, such as coarse demultiplexers and interferometers. Nano-Optic Devices, LLC developed the DPH technology and applied it for commercializing nano-spectrometers. There are additional numerous applications for the DPH in integrated optics; the pictures below from the NOD website demonstrate a DPH structure and a nano-spectrometer hologram for the visible band

Michael Darr Barnes is an American lawyer and politician who represented the eighth district of Maryland in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1987. Born in Washington, D. C. to John P. Barnes former general counsel to C&P Telephone Company, Vernon S. Barnes, his grandfather John Peter Barnes was a judge on the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Barnes moved to Chevy Chase in Montgomery County, Maryland at age 13. Married Claudia Dillon Fangboner 1970, has two daughters Dillon and Garrie. After serving in the Marine Corps, being discharged with the rank of corporal, Barnes attended George Washington University and obtained a Juris Doctor degree in 1972. Barnes served on the Maryland Public Service Commission. Barnes served as executive director of the 1976 Democratic party platform committee. Barnes served in both private and government practice until his election to the House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1978. During the first session of the 99th Congress, he was the chairman of the Western Hemisphere Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee.

As a member of Congress, Barnes was an outspoken critic of Ronald Reagan's Central America policy. In 1986, Barnes lost the Democratic nomination for U. S. Senator retired to private legal practice. Following his congressional service, Barnes was President of the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Chair of the Center for National Policy, Chair of the Governor's Commission on Growth in the Chesapeake Bay Region and a member of the Boards of Directors of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, University of Maryland Foundation, Center for International Policy, Public Voice, the Overseas Development Council. Prior to his service in Congress, Barnes was a Commissioner of the Maryland Public Service Commission and Vice Chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Commission. From 2000 through 2006, he served as president of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence. Barnes was Senior Of Counsel in the Washington, D. C. law firm of Covington & Burling. He retired as senior counsel at Covington & Burling LLP in December 2010.

Barnes joined the Board of Directors of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority in April 2011 as Principal Director representing Montgomery County and the State of Maryland. He is a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy in Washington, DC. Barnes is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue and the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One. Barnes attended the Landon School in Maryland, he graduated from Principia High School in St. Louis, Missouri in 1962, he earned his B. A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1965, where he was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity. He attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland from 1965 to 1966, he attained his J. D. from George Washington University in 1972. North, Oliver Under Fire: An American Story United States Congress. "Michael D. Barnes". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-02-25 Michael Barnes article at stennis.gov Appearances on C-SPAN

Rock n' Roll as It Should Be was a 2008 concert tour by American hard rock supergroup Velvet Revolver. The tour covered the United States and Europe, beginning on January 24 and concluding on April 1; the tour was the last to be completed by the original lineup of the band, with vocalist Scott Weiland. First leg"Let It Roll" "She Mine" "Sucker Train Blues" "Do It for the Kids" "Superhuman" "Big Machine" "American Man" "I Wanna Be Sedated" "Vasoline" "The Last Fight" "Interstate Love Song" "Patience" "She Builds Quick Machines" "Get Out the Door" "Fall to Pieces" "It's So Easy" "Set Me Free" "Wish You Were Here" "Mr. Brownstone" "Sex Type Thing" "Slither"Second leg"Just Sixteen" Scott Weiland – lead vocals Slash – lead guitar Duff McKagan – bass, backing vocals Matt Sorum – drums, backing vocals Dave Kushner – rhythm guitar

The Grand Match called The Bonspiel, is an outdoor curling tournament, or bonspiel, held most on the Lake of Menteith in Stirling, when the weather is cold enough. Traditionally it is a match between the south of Scotland; the last tournament was held in 1979. From until 2010, a loch never froze to the required depth of seven inches of ice to allow the tournament to take place, it can attract thousands of curlers. The Royal Caledonian Curling Club stated in December 2010 that the Lake of Mentieth is no longer suitable for holding a Grand Match due to the logistics involved, with Loch Leven and the Piper Dam in Dundee now the preferred sites. In total, the Grand Match has taken place on 38 occasions, of which 33 were on outside ice: one in November, nine in December, 16 in January, seven in February; the five indoor matches were held at the Glasgow ice rinks. On 5 January 2010, following weeks of freezing weather conditions throughout the UK, the RCCC met to discuss holding the event for the first time in 30 years.

However, just days the plans had to be scrapped as Health & Safety issues could not be resolved in the short time available. Upwards of 20,000 people turned up over the weekend in defiance of the police, numerous matches were held on the ice. An unofficial tournament was planned for a few days not sanctioned by the RCCC; this had to be abandoned due to warmer weather making the ice dangerous. To celebrate the millennium, an Indoor Grand Match was inaugurated in 2000, this proved so popular that it became a regular event, being held every five years since, it is spread across several indoor ice rinks across the nation, with the last Indoor Grand Match in October 2015 being won by the south. Penicuik, 15 January 1847 - 96 competitors Linlithgow Loch, 1848 - 680 competitors, 6000 spectators Barr Meadow, 1850 - near Castle Semple Loch Carsebreck, near Blackford - 25 matches between 1853-1935, on leased land, specially flooded to provide good, safe ice - the final match, on 24 December 1935, attracted 2576 competitors Loch of Aboyne was used for a bonspiel on the 10 February 1891 between curlers from the south and north of the River Don.

Loch Leven, 1959 Lake of Menteith, 1963, 1979 Royal Caledonian Curling Club Am Baile - Highland History and Culture - Curling Bonspiel

CDemu is a free and open-source virtual drive software, designed to emulate an optical drive and optical disc on the Linux operating system. As of 30 June 2019, CDemu is not available in the official repositories of Debian and Fedora Linux for any release, but it is available via official PPA for Ubuntu and COPR for Fedora Linux. CDEmu consists of: a kernel module implementing a virtual SCSI host bus adapter, libmirage, a software library for interpreting optical disc images, a daemon which emulates the functionality of a SCSI optical drive+disc, textmode and GTK clients for controlling the emulator; the software is portable to other operating systems supported by GLib, with the exceptions of the kernel module and the clients which rely on d-bus communication. CDemu was designed by Robert Penz and Justus Schwartz as a patch for MPlayer that allowed mounting. CUE/. BIN files. After the patch was completed, they realized the simplicity, wrote a module for Linux kernel. CDemu was named Virtual CD, but this name had been trademarked, the owners of the trademark requested that they not use the name.

As of June, 2007, development on CDemu 0.8 ceased and a rewrite was developed instead. Most of this work was done by Rok Mandeljc; this new version of CDemu took another approach to the emulation by doing as much as possible in userspace. As of June 2008 it is considered to be stable; as of version 2.0.0 CDemu supports the following image formats:.mds and.mdx format.dmg and.cdr format Blindwrite.b5t/.b6t format DiscJuggler's.cdi format Easy CD Creator.cif format Roxio / WinOnCD.c2d format Error Code Modeller.ecm container format gBurner.gbi format.iso format and its compressed forms.cso and.isz.nrg format PowerISO.daa format.udf format Raw images GZip and Xz archivesThe emulator endeavors to follow the MMC-3 standard for SCSI optical drives as as possible, ensuring realistic and accurate emulation. Optical media emulated by CDemu can be mounted within Linux. CDemu has the support for CD subchannels, CD-Text, ISRC，MCN and ECC/EDC, DPM/RMPS. There is some support for a limited number of encrypted and compressed image formats.

The developers are working on supporting as many major formats as they can, they encourage users to submit patches to this end. Alternative Linux programs that are available in the repositories of Debian and Fedora Linux: AcetoneISO Furius ISO Mount Official website