1.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
2.
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
3.
Digital First Media
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Digital First Media is a management company specializing in newspapers in the United States. It is headquartered in Denver, Colorado and it manages the MediaNews Group, Southern California News Group, Digital First Ventures, and 21st Century Media. Its website states it is a name of MediaNews Group. As of 2012, the newspapers and online media outlets managed by the company had 66.6 million readers. According to June comScore numbers, Digital First Media ranked No.8 in comScores General News Category ranking. On March 21,2016, a judge approved the sale of Freedom Communications. The papers were integrated into Digital First Medias Los Angeles Newspaper Group, which was renamed the Southern California News Group on the same day
4.
North Washington, Colorado
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North Washington is a census-designated place in Adams County, Colorado, United States. The population was 484 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 5.4 square miles, of which 5.2 square miles is land and 0.15 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 549 people,231 households, the population density was 103.3 people per square mile. There were 244 housing units at a density of 45.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 78. 51% White,2. 55% African American,0. 55% Native American,2. 00% Asian,0. 18% Pacific Islander,10. 93% from other races, and 5. 28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37. 34% of the population,36. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the family size was 3.08. In the CDP, the population was out with 21. 5% under the age of 18,8. 9% from 18 to 24,28. 6% from 25 to 44,23. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 110.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.5 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $32,321, and the median income for a family was $33,906. Males had an income of $29,286 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,582, about 6. 8% of families and 9. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 12. 5% of those age 65 or over
5.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
6.
Media of the United States
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Media of the United States consist of several different types of media, television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and Internet-based Web sites. The U. S. also has a music industry. Many of the media are controlled by large corporations who reap revenue from advertising, subscriptions. American media conglomerates tend to be leading global players, generating large revenues as well as opposition in many parts of the world. These mergers enable tighter control of information, currently, five corporations control roughly 90% of the media. Theories to explain the success of companies include reliance on certain policies of the American federal government or a tendency to natural monopolies in the industry. See Media bias in the United States, the organisation Reporters Without Borders compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based upon the organisations assessment of their press freedom records. In 2013–14 United States was ranked 46th out of 180 countries, American radio broadcasts in two bands, FM and AM. Some stations are only talk radio – featuring interviews and discussions – while music radio stations broadcast one particular type of music, Top 40, hip-hop, country, Radio broadcast companies have become increasingly consolidated in recent years. National Public Radio is the primary public radio network, but most radio stations are commercial. The Federal Communications Commission in 1970 had limited the number of radio station one person or company could own to 1 AM and 1 FM locally, and 7 AM and 7 FM stations nationally. But due to concentration of media ownership stemming from the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Most stations are now owned by major companies such as iHeartMedia, Cumulus Media, Townsquare Media. A new form of radio that is gaining popularity is satellite radio, the two biggest subscriptions based radio services are Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio, which have recently merged to form Sirius XM Radio. Unlike terrestrial radio music channels are free and other channels feature minimal commercials. Satellite radio also is not regulated by the FCC, during the advent of the internet in the 21st century, internet radio and digital streaming services have been emerged. Among popular brands are Pandora and iHeartRadio, arbitron, a consumer research company, provides ratings for national and local radio stations in the United States. Ninety-nine percent of American households have at least one television and the majority of households have more than one, the four major broadcasters in the U. S. are the National Broadcasting Company, CBS, the American Broadcasting Company and the Fox Broadcasting Company
7.
Denver
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Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Colorado. Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich, the reference for the Mountain Time Zone. Denver is ranked as a Beta- world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. With a 2015 estimated population of 682,545, Denver ranks as the 19th-most populous U. S. city, and with a 2. 8% increase in 2015, the city is also the fastest-growing major city in the United States. The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 2,814,330 and ranked as the 19th most populous U. S. metropolitan statistical area. The 12-city Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 3,418,876, which ranks as the 16th most populous U. S. metropolitan area. Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor, Denver is the most populous city within a 500-mile radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix, Arizona. In 2016, Denver was named the best place to live in the USA by U. S. News & World Report and this was the first historical settlement in what was later to become the city of Denver. The site faded quickly, however, and by the summer of 1859 it was abandoned in favor of Auraria, Larimer named the townsite Denver City to curry favor with Kansas Territorial Governor James W. Denver. Larimer hoped the name would help make it the county seat of Arapaho County but, unbeknownst to him. The location was accessible to existing trails and was across the South Platte River from the site of seasonal encampments of the Cheyenne, the site of these first towns is now the site of Confluence Park near downtown Denver. Larimer, along with associates in the St. Charles City Land Company, sold parcels in the town to merchants and miners, Denver City was a frontier town, with an economy based on servicing local miners with gambling, saloons, livestock and goods trading. In the early years, land parcels were often traded for grubstakes or gambled away by miners in Auraria, in May 1859, Denver City residents donated 53 lots to the Leavenworth & Pikes Peak Express in order to secure the regions first overland wagon route. Offering daily service for passengers, mail, freight, and gold, in 1863, Western Union furthered Denvers dominance of the region by choosing the city for its regional terminus. The Colorado Territory was created on February 28,1861, Arapahoe County was formed on November 1,1861, Denver City served as the Arapahoe County Seat from 1861 until consolidation in 1902. In 1867, Denver City became the territorial capital, with its newfound importance, Denver City shortened its name to Denver
8.
Colorado
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Colorado is a state in the United States encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1,2016, the state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28,1861, Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state in the same year as the centennial of the United States Declaration of Independence. Colorado is noted for its landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers. Denver is the capital and the most populous city of Colorado, residents of the state are properly known as Coloradans, although the term Coloradoan has been used archaically and lives on in the title of Fort Collins newspaper, the Coloradoan. Colorado, Wyoming and Utah are the states which have boundaries defined solely by lines of latitude and longitude. The summit of Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet elevation in Lake County is the highest point in Colorado, Colorado is the only U. S. state that lies entirely above 1,000 meters elevation. The point where the Arikaree River flows out of Yuma County, Colorado and this point, which holds the distinction of being the highest low elevation point of any state, is higher than the high elevation points of 18 states and the District of Columbia. A little less than one half of the area of Colorado is flat, East of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Nebraska at elevations ranging from roughly 3,350 to 7,500 feet. The Colorado plains were mostly prairies, but they have many patches of forests, buttes. Eastern Colorado is presently covered in farmland and rangeland, along with small farming villages. Precipitation is fair, averaging from 15 to 25 inches annually, corn, wheat, hay, soybeans, and oats are all typical crops, and most of the villages and towns in this region boast both a water tower and a grain elevator. Irrigation water is available from the South Platte, the Arkansas River, and a few other streams, however, heavy use of ground water from wells for irrigation has caused underground water reserves to decline. As well as agriculture, eastern Colorado hosts considerable livestock, such as cattle ranches. Roughly 70% of Colorados population resides along the edge of the Rocky Mountains in the Front Range Urban Corridor between Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Pueblo, Colorado. This region is protected from prevailing storms that blow in from the Pacific Ocean region by the high Rockies in the middle of Colorado. The Front Range includes Denver, Boulder, Fort Collins, Loveland, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Greeley and other townships, on the other side of the Rockies, the significant population centers in Western Colorado are the cities of Grand Junction, Durango, and Montrose
9.
ComScore
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ComScore is an American global media measurement and analytics company providing marketing data and analytics to many of the worlds largest enterprises, media and advertising agencies, and publishers. ComScore Networks was founded in July 1999 in Reston, Virginia, the problem was that the traditional methods in which companies were tracking online behavior would not work in tracking commerce, because of the lower incidence of buying online. Normal panels in tracking visitation would be around 20-30K and, with less than 2-3% of the buying online. They decided to build a large panel using more aggressive recruiting methodology and managing for the error by using advanced statistical methods. Years and tens of millions of dollars went into finding the best ways to measure online buying and other behaviors, in 2000, comScore bought certain assets and the customer agreements of PC Data of Reston, Virginia, which was founded by Ann Stephens in 1991. PC Data was among the earliest Web measurement firms, but increasing competitive challenges put PC Datas future in doubt, the acquisition of PC Datas large customer base helped accelerate the growth of comScores syndicated measurement service. By 2001, Media Metrix had built a market share lead but had been unable to create a financial structure. NetRatings, its closest competitor, was armed with strong capital reserves and announced its intention to acquire, however, after several months, the FTC announced its intention to block the acquisition and accordingly, NetRatings canceled the transaction. ComScore was subsequently able to acquire Media Metrix in a deal announced in June 2002, Media Metrix originated as PC Meter, a business unit of market research company NPD Group and began publishing statistics in January 1996. In July 1997, it changed its name to Media Metrix, in October 1998, Media Metrix merged with its nearest rival, Relevant Knowledge. The company went public as NASDAQ, MMXI in May 1999, in June 2000, the company acquired Jupiter Communications for $414 million in stock and changed its name to Jupiter Media Metrix. In the aftermath of the bubble collapse and associated downturn in internet marketing spending. On March 30,2007, comScore announced its intent to sell shares in a public offering. In May 2008, comScore announced its acquisition of M, Metrics, the transaction involved a cash payment of $44.3 million and the issue of approximately 50,000 options to purchase shares of comScore common stock to certain M, Metrics unvested option holders. ComScore announced in October 2009 the acquisition of Certifica, a provider of real-time web measurement, based in Santiago, Chile, Certifica has offices throughout Latin America, including Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Peru. The acquisition enhanced comScore’s presence in the rapidly developing Latin American market, in February 2010, comScore announced it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire the ARSgroup in an all-cash acquisition. Announced on September 1,2010, the acquisition helps comScore accelerate its expansion strategy. On February 11,2014, comScore announced the appointment of Serge Matta as chief executive officer, in February 2015 comScore US entered into a partnership with Kantar owned by WPP with an equity stake purchase
10.
Times Mirror Company
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The Times Mirror Company was an American newspaper and print media publisher. The two operations were purchased and combined in 1884 to form the Times Mirror Company, in 1960, Times Mirror acquired New American Library and later sold it in 1983 to Odyssey Partners, a private investing group, and Ira J. Hechler, a private investor. As of 1983, Times Mirror owned not only the Los Angeles Times but also The Denver Post, The Dallas Times Herald, mosby Company which published college textbooks and reference books. They also owned Harry N. Abrams—a publisher of art and photography books, subsequent acquisitions, such as air navigation publisher Jeppesen in 1961 and The Baltimore Sun in 1986, expanded the companys portfolio. The company was acquired by the Tribune Company in 2000, the Times-Mirror Company was a founding owner of television station KTTV in Los Angeles, which opened in January 1949. It became that stations sole owner in 1951, after re-acquiring the minority shares it had sold to CBS in 1948, Times-Mirror also purchased a former motion picture studio, Nassour Studios, in Hollywood in 1950, which was then used to consolidate KTTVs operations. Later to be known as Metromedia Square, the studio was sold along with KTTV to Metromedia in 1963, the Federal Communications Commission granted an exemption of its cross-ownership policy and allowed Times-Mirror to retain the newspaper and the television outlet, which was renamed KDFW-TV. The company also entered the field of television, servicing the Phoenix and San Diego areas. They were originally titled Times-Mirror Cable, and were renamed to Dimension Cable Television. Similarly, they attempted to enter the pay-TV market, with the Spotlight movie network. The cable systems were sold in the mid-1990s to Cox Communications, Times-Mirror also pared its station group down, selling off the Syracuse, Elmira and Harrisburg properties in 1986. The remaining four outlets were packaged to a new holding company, Argyle Television. These stations were acquired by New World Communications shortly thereafter and became key components in a shift of network-station affiliations which occurred between 1994–1995. Notes,1 Co-owned with CBS until 1951 in a joint venture,2 Purchased along with KRLD-AM-FM as part of Times-Mirrors acquisition of the Dallas Times Herald, Times-Mirror sold the radio stations to comply with FCC cross-ownership restrictions
11.
Grover Cleveland
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Stephen Grover Cleveland was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. He was also the first and to date only President in American history to serve two terms in office. Cleveland was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism and his crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era. Cleveland won praise for his honesty, self-reliance, integrity, and he fought political corruption, patronage, and bossism. As a reformer Cleveland had such prestige that the wing of the Republican Party, called Mugwumps, largely bolted the GOP presidential ticket. As his second administration began, disaster hit the nation when the Panic of 1893 produced a national depression. It ruined his Democratic Party, opening the way for a Republican landslide in 1894 and for the agrarian, the result was a political realignment that ended the Third Party System and launched the Fourth Party System and the Progressive Era. Cleveland was a formidable policymaker, and he also drew corresponding criticism, critics complained that Cleveland had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nations economic disasters—depressions and strikes—in his second term. Even so, his reputation for probity and good character survived the troubles of his second term, biographer Allan Nevins wrote, n Grover Cleveland, the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have and he possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not, today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the second tier of American presidents. Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18,1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey to Richard Falley Cleveland, Clevelands father was a Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut. His mother was from Baltimore and was the daughter of a bookseller, on his fathers side, Cleveland was descended from English ancestors, the first of the family having emigrated to Massachusetts from Cleveland, England in 1635. On his mothers side, he was descended from Anglo-Irish Protestants and he was distantly related to General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was named. Cleveland, the fifth of nine children, was named Stephen Grover in honor of the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Caldwell and he became known as Grover in his adult life. In 1841, the Cleveland family moved to Fayetteville, New York, neighbors later described him as full of fun and inclined to play pranks, and fond of outdoor sports. In 1850, Clevelands father took a pastorate in Clinton, Oneida County, New York, despite his fathers dedication to his missionary work, the income was insufficient for the large family. Financial conditions forced him to remove Grover from school into a mercantile apprenticeship in Fayetteville
12.
Damon Runyon
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Alfred Damon Runyon was an American newspaperman and short story writer. He was best known for his short stories celebrating the world of Broadway in New York City that grew out of the Prohibition era, to New Yorkers of his generation, a Damon Runyon character evoked a distinctive social type from the Brooklyn or Midtown demi-monde. The adjective Runyonesque refers to type of character as well as to the type of situations. His distinctive vernacular style is known as Runyonese, a mixture of formal speech and colorful slang, almost always in present tense and he is credited with coining the phrase Hooray Henry, a term now used in British English to describe an upper-class, loud-mouthed, arrogant twit. Runyons fictional world is known to the general public through the musical Guys. The musical additionally borrows characters and story elements from a few other Runyon stories, the film Little Miss Marker grew from his short story of the same name. Runyon was also a newspaper reporter, covering sports and general news for decades for various publications. Damon Runyon was born Alfred Damon Runyan to Alfred Lee and Elizabeth Runyan and his relatives in his birthplace of Manhattan, Kansas included several newspapermen. His grandfather was a printer from New Jersey who had relocated to Manhattan, Kansas in 1855. In 1882 Runyons father was forced to sell his newspaper, the family eventually settled in Pueblo, Colorado in 1887, where Runyon spent the rest of his youth. By most accounts, he attended school only through the fourth grade and he began to work in the newspaper trade under his father in Pueblo. In present-day Pueblo, Runyon Field, the Damon Runyon Repertory Theater Company, in 1898, when still in his teens, Runyon enlisted in the U. S. Army to fight in the Spanish–American War. While in the service, he was assigned to write for the Manila Freedom, after his military service, he worked for various Colorado newspapers, beginning in Pueblo. His expertise was in covering the teams in Colorado, he even briefly managed a semi-pro team in Trinidad. At one of the newspapers where he worked, the spelling of his last name was changed from Runyan to Runyon, after a notable failure in trying to organize a Colorado minor baseball league, which lasted less than a week, Runyon moved to New York City in 1910. In his first New York byline, the American editor dropped the Alfred, for the next ten years he covered the New York Giants and professional boxing for the New York American. Perhaps as confirmation, Runyon was inducted into the wing of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1967. He is also a member of the International Boxing Hall Of Fame and is known for dubbing heavyweight champion James J. Braddock, Runyon frequently contributed sports poems to the American on boxing and baseball themes, and also wrote numerous short stories and essays
13.
The Oregonian
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The Oregonian is a daily newspaper based in Portland, Oregon, owned by Advance Publications. It is the oldest continuously published newspaper on the U. S. west coast, founded as a weekly by Thomas J. Dryer on December 4,1850, and published daily since 1861. It is the largest newspaper in Oregon and the second largest in the Pacific Northwest by circulation, the Sunday edition is published under the title The Sunday Oregonian. The Oregonian received the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service, the gold medal annually awarded by the organization. The papers staff or individual writers have received seven other Pulitzer Prizes, chief among these pioneer community organizers seeking establishment of a Portland press were Col. W. W. Chapman and prominent local businessman Henry W. Corbett. There the pair met Thomas J. Dryers press was transported to Portland, each weekly issue consisted of four pages, printed six columns wide. Little attention was paid to current news events, with the bulk of the papers content devoted to political themes, a loud and bitter rivalry between the competing news organs ensued. Henry Pittock became the owner in 1861 as compensation for unpaid wages, pittocks goal was to focus more on news than the bully pulpit established by Dryer. From 1866 to 1872 Harvey W. Scott was the editor, Henry W. Corbett bought the paper from a cash-poor Pittock in October 1872 and placed William Lair Hill as editor. Scott, fired by Corbett for supporting Ben Holladays candidates, became editor of Holladays rival Bulletin newspaper, the paper went bankrupt around 1874, Holladay having lost $200,000 in the process. Corbett sold The Oregonian back to Pittock in 1877, marking a return of Scott to the editorial helm. A part-owner of the paper, Scott would remain as editor-in-chief until shortly before his death in 1910, in 1881, the first Sunday Oregonian was published. The paper became known as the voice of business-oriented Republicans, as evidenced by consistent endorsement of Republican candidates for president in every election before 1992. The new building was, the same as its predecessor, called the Oregonian Building and it contained about 100,000 square feet of floor space, including the basement but not the tower. The newspaper did not move again until 1948, the 1892 building was demolished in 1950. Following the death of Harvey Scott in 1910, the papers editor-in-chief was Edgar B, piper, who had previously been managing editor. Piper remained editor until his death in 1928, in 1922, The Morning Oregonian launched KGW, Oregons first commercial radio station. Five years later, KGW affiliated with NBC, the newspaper purchased a second station, KEX, in 1933, from NBC subsidiary Northwest Broadcasting Co
14.
Donald Seawell
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Donald Ray Seawell was an American cultural and civic leader, born in Jonesboro, North Carolina. He was the founder of the Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Seawells father was Aaron A. F. Seawell, a Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. Donald graduated from the University of North Carolina, and UNC Law School, in 1941 he married Broadway actress, Eugenia Rawls, who played Tallulah Bankheads daughter in The Little Foxes. In August 2012 Seawell turned 100, Seawell was hired to work at the Securities and Exchange Commission by the newly appointed head of the organization, Joseph P. Kennedy. Kennedy had heard Seawells unflattering comment about him on the radio and this quote is widely attributed to Franklin Delano Roosevelt who knew Joseph Kennedy personally and appointed him to the SEC citing this reason. He was impressed by Seawells candor, if not his character assessment, during World War II Seawell worked on General Dwight D. Eisenhowers SHAEF staff in counterintelligence. After the war, he served briefly as assistant Ambassador to France, entering private law practice in New York City, he gathered many theatrical clients including, Tallulah Bankhead, Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne. He also maintained law offices in London and Tel Aviv, and was involved in writing the charter for the State of Israel. Seawells theatrical clients led to his becoming a Broadway producer, and his shows included, Noël Cowards Sail Away, The Affair and he was the first producer to bring the Royal Shakespeare Company to the United States in a 1962 production of The Hollow Crown. He later became a Governor of the RSC as well as Chairman of the American National Theatre, in 2002, he was awarded the honorary title, Order of the British Empire, by Queen Elizabeth II. Seawell was one of three producers of Bonard Productions, the others being the actress Haila Stoddard, and The Denver Post owner Helen Bonfils, in the 1960s he joined forces with Ms. Bonfils to become Secretary-Treasurer of the Denver Post. After Helen Bonfils death, he became Publisher of the paper, using funds from the Bonfils Foundation, he created The Denver Center for the Performing Arts in the late 1970s. He retired as chairman of the center in 2007 at the age of 94
15.
Denver Center for the Performing Arts
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It was founded in 1972 and dedicated to excellence in the arts. The Denver Center for the Performing Arts is the largest tenant of the Denver Performing Arts Complex which is a four-block and it is owned and partially operated by Arts and Venues Denver. Both organizations were the vision of Donald Seawell, finding himself at 14th and Curtis streets in downtown Denver one day and looking at the old Auditorium Theatre and the surrounding four blocks, Seawell had an idea for a first-class arts complex. Seawells original vision was much broader and included other entities which no longer are part of the Center, ground was broken in December 1974. By 1978 Boettcher Concert Hall — the nations first in-the-round concert hall — was completed, along with an eight-story,1, 700-space parking garage. By 1979 the Auditorium Theatre had been renovated, two cabaret spaces had been added and the Helen G. Bonfils Theatre Complex opened with its four theatres, The Stage, Space, Source and Ricketson. The Temple Hoyne Buell Theatre was completed in 1991, the Seawell Grand Ballroom was added in 1998, the Denver Center for the Performing Arts is currently the largest tenant of the Denver Performing Arts Complex. Under the leadership of Edward Payson Call, Donovan Marley and Kent Thompson, in acknowledgment of this work, the DCTC received the 1998 Tony Award for Outstanding Regional Theatre. Stage director Israel Hicks took on the challenge posed by Donovan Marley, Denver Center Attractions was created by Robert Garner, presenter of national touring companies since 1961, and joined the Center in 1979. When Garner retired in 1992, his successor was Randy Weeks. Center Attractions presents Broadway touring shows and its attendance record has made Denver a pick city. The NTC will be phased out by 2012, the Denver Center Theatre Academy was added in 1991 as a community school for children and adults in a professional setting. The Seawell Grand Ballroom is a 10, 000-square-foot facility with a capacity of 1,029 people. Epicurean Culinary Group is the caterer for the Ballroom. Previous Entities which have left the DCPA include Denver Center Media. DCM productions have been broadcast nationally on PBS, cable and overseas networks, productions include Top of the World, Colcannon, The Moscow String Quartet, At Play in America, Coors Field, Home at Last, Pamoja, A Coming Together and Memory of a Large Christmas. The Gould Voice Center was founded in 1983 and headed, until his death in 1994, by the noted otolaryngologist Dr. Wilbur James Gould and it was the only such facility in the world that is part of a performing arts organization. While these entities, along with the entities, were at the DCPA
16.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
17.
E.W. Scripps
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Edward Willis Scripps, was an American newspaper publisher and founder of The E. W. Scripps Company, a diversified media conglomerate, and United Press news service. It became United Press International when International News Service merged with United Press in 1958, the E. W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University is named for him. E. W. Scripps was born and raised in Rushville, Illinois, to James Mogg Scripps from London, E. W. was the youngest of five children born to James and Julia. James had seven children from previous marriages, E. W. as with many businessmen of his day, went by his initials rather than writing out his first and middle name. He often signed his name as Wyllis. Both E. W. and his half-sister Ellen worked with his older half-brother, E. W. started as an office boy at the paper. In 1878, with loans from his half-brothers, E. W. went on to found The Penny Press in Cleveland, with financial support from sister Ellen, he went on to begin or acquire some 25 newspapers. This was the beginning of an empire that is now the E. W. Scripps Company. E. W. would lend money to promising young, local newspaper publishers, once bought, he did not sell out, but held on to the paper. A guiding tenet of E. W. was that local editors know best about running local newspapers, editors were carefully groomed and given considerable autonomy. Among the innovations E. W. made were distributing newspapers to the suburbs and, with his brother James, in 1907, Scripps created United Press Associations, later the UPI news service, from smaller regional news services. Scripps later said I regard my lifes greatest service to the people of this country to be the creation of the United Press, to provide competition to the Associated Press. It must occasionally so antagonize this class as to cause it not only to cease patronage, to a greater or lesser extent, but to make actually offensive warfare against the newspaper. In 1898, he finished building a home in San Diego and he built it as a winter home to escape the cold of Illinois, but eventually lived there year round, and conducted his newspaper business from the ranch. His ranch encompassed what is today the community of Scripps Ranch as well as Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, in 1903, he and his half-sister Ellen were the founding donors of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Initially Scripps was reluctant to support the venture, thinking scientists could not be businesslike, however, he developed a deep friendship with the scientific director, William Emerson Ritter, and together they began to plan projects for the Institute. As the Institute started to succeed, he became an enthusiastic supporter, William Randolph Hearst and Scripps were often at loggerheads as to who owned the better newspaper conglomerate. In 1921, Scripps founded Science Service, later renamed Society for Science & the Public, the organization continues to run as a non-profit dedicated to the promotion of science
18.
Rocky Mountain News
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The Rocky Mountain News was a daily newspaper published in Denver, Colorado, United States from April 23,1859, until February 27,2009. It was owned by the E. W. Scripps Company from 1926 until its closing, as of March 2006, the Monday–Friday circulation was 255,427. From the 1940s until 2009, the newspaper was printed in a tabloid format, under the leadership of president, publisher, and editor John Temple, the Rocky Mountain News had won four Pulitzer Prizes since 2000. Most recently in 2006, the newspaper won two Pulitzers, in Feature Writing and Feature Photography, the papers final issue appeared on Friday, February 27,2009, less than two months shy of its 150th anniversary. Its demise left Denver a one-newspaper town, with The Denver Post as the sole remaining large-circulation daily and it became Colorados oldest newspaper and possibly its longest continuously operated business. Its first issue was printed on a press from Omaha, Nebraska. That first issue was printed only 20 minutes ahead of its rival, the Rocky went from a weekly to a daily newspaper in August 1860, and from an evening to a morning newspaper in July 1870. In 1883, the took a stand against corruption and crime in Denver. One of its primary targets was city crime boss Jefferson Randolph Smith, the News continued its crusade to rid Denver of its most celebrated bad man, which took nearly a decade to complete. The E. W. Scripps Company bought the Rocky Mountain News in 1926, the Rocky Mountain News and its competitors, including The Denver Post, resorted to gasoline giveaways and other promotions in an attempt to boost circulation. By the early 1940s, the Rocky had nearly died and it was saved by then editor Jack Foster when he convinced Scripps to approve changing the newspaper from a broadsheet format to a tabloid design. Foster reasoned that the new format would make it easier for readers to hold and navigate, fosters wife, Frances, introduced Americas first advice column, called Molly Mayfield. It became an instant favorite among readers and was adopted in many other newspapers, paving the way for advice columnists such as Ann Landers. After a continued rivalry that almost put both out of business, the Rocky and The Post merged operations in 2001 under a joint operating agreement. Through the agreement, the Denver Newspaper Agency was formed, the new company ran all noneditorial operations of both papers, namely advertising and circulation, and was equally owned by the E. W. Scripps Company and by MediaNews Group, which owns The Post. The Rocky was considered more conservative than the Post. The redesign was the result of new presses that allowed the newspaper to print about 25% faster than its old presses, at an average speed of 60,000 issues per hour. On December 4,2008, E. W. Scripps put the News up for sale, following the shutdown of the Rocky, the Post, now the only daily newspaper in Denver, resumed seven-day-a-week publication
19.
21st Century Media
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21st Century Media was an American media company, serving an audience of 21 million Americans in 992 communities. It is the successor of Ingersoll Publications and Journal Register Company, the company operated more than 350 multi-platform products in 992 communities. On April 5,2013, the assets of Journal Register Company, the Journal Register Company then became known as 21st Century Media. The company was led by CEO John Paton who openly blogged about the changes he is making to transform Journal Register from a company to a digital first. On March 11,2010, the company named Bill Higginson, Journal Registers former Senior Vice President, Production, as the companys President, on March 4,2010, the company named Jeff Bairstow as chief financial officer. Bairstow joined Journal Register after working for Synarc Inc. a leading provider of medical imaging analysis, subject-recruitment, in 2013, MediaNews Group and 21st Century Media merged into Digital First Media. It also operated 3 commercial printing facilities, 21st Century Medias flagship daily newspaper was the New Haven Register. In 2006, JRC bought the Web site JobsInTheUS. com and it is also a major shareholder in consulting company PowerOne Media. That same year, the company moved its headquarters to Yardley, Pennsylvania from Trenton, in early 2007, JRC completed the sales of its former Massachusetts and Rhode Island newspapers to GateHouse Media and RISN Operations, respectively. In early 2008, the New York Stock Exchange announced it was planning to suspend trading of JRCs common stock, the stock had been below $1.05 for 30 consecutive days, at one point falling to 16 cents, which was the all-time low at that time. The stock was delisted as of April 16, on February 21,2009, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the US Bankruptcy Court, located in Manhattan, New York, NY. On August 12,2009, JRC emerged from bankruptcy as a private company, on September 5,2012, Digital First Media, parent company of JRC, confirmed the group had again filed for bankruptcy protection. On April 5,2013, the assets of Journal Register Company, the Journal Register Company then became known as 21st Century Media and continued to be managed by Digital First Media. Paper Tigers, The Latest, Greatest Newspaper Tycoons, the State of The American Newspaper, The Selling of Small-town America. College Park, University of Maryland Foundation, Journal Register Company corporate web site Journal Register Company at the International Directory of Company Histories Nieman Journalism Lab. Encyclo, an encyclopedia of the future of news
20.
Adams County, Colorado
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Adams County is the fifth-most populous of the 64 counties of the U. S. state of Colorado. As of the 2010 census, the population was 441,603, the county is named for Alva Adams, Governor of the State of Colorado. Adams County is part of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area, on May 30,1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act created the Territory of Nebraska and Territory of Kansas, divided by the Parallel 40° North. The future Adams County, Colorado, occupied a strip of northern Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory, colonel Jack Henderson built a ranch, trading post, and hotel on Henderson Island in the South Platte River in Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory. Jack Henderson was the editor and proprietor of the Leavenworth Journal. Henderson sold meat and provisions to gold seekers on their way up the South Platte River Trail to the fields during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush. Henderson Island was the first permanent settlement in the South Platte River Valley between Fort Saint Vrain in the Nebraska Territory and the Cherry Creek Diggings in the Kansas Territory, Jack Henderson eventually returned to eastern Kansas and fought for the Union in the American Civil War. Henderson Island is today the site of the Adams County Regional Park, the Colorado Territory created Arapahoe County, on November 1,1861, and Colorado was admitted to the Union on August 1,1876. A ruling by the Colorado Supreme Court, subsequent legislation, Governor James Bradley Orman designated Brighton as the temporary Adams County Seat. Adams County originally stretched 160 miles from present-day Sheridan Boulevard to the Kansas state border. On May 12,1903, the eastern 88 miles of Adams County was transferred to the new Washington County, on November 8,1904, Adams County voters chose Brighton as the permanent county seat. Adams County lost the tip of its northwest corner when the consolidated City and County of Broomfield was created on November 15,2001. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,184 square miles. Adams County surrounds most of Denver International Airport which is in the City and County of Denver, the population density was 305 people per square mile. There were 132,594 housing units at a density of 111 per square mile. 28. 19% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the family size was 3.27. In the county, the population was out with 28. 60% under the age of 18,10. 30% from 18 to 24,34. 00% from 25 to 44,19. 40% from 45 to 64
21.
Al Lewis (columnist)
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Al Lewis is an American journalist who has served as a columnist for The Wall Street Journal Sunday and MarketWatch. On April 1,2016, he became editor of the Houston Chronicle. He has worked as either a writer or editor since 1985, including stints at the Amarillo Globe-News, The Gazette. From 2001 to 2008, he was business columnist at The Denver Post, from 2008 until 2013, he authored Als Emporium, a column for Dow Jones Newswires, a service of Dow Jones & Co. A column he wrote through 2013 for The Wall Street Journal Sunday appeared in about 70 newspapers nationwide, from 2014 to 2016, Lewis was editor in chief of South Florida Business Journal. Through 2015, Lewis also wrote a blog called Tell It To Al, Lewis often writes about big business, especially through interviews. His work is said to chronicle the human drama of business, speaker and business coach Michael Prager counters that Lewis is relentlessly snide in his prosecution of corporate wellness in the public dock. To critics who call him much more of a socialist than a free marketeer, Lewis responded thus in his final Wall Street Journal Sunday column, I admire entrepreneurs, unfortunately, some things stand in the way, including tyrants, idiots and ideologies. And when youre a columnist, its job to point this out. He also received column-writing awards from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers each year between 2006 and 2011, Lewis shows that business writing can be fun and interesting as well as informative, a panel of SABEW judges wrote. Lewis won the William R. Clabby Dow Jones Newswires Award for his work in 2008 and 2009
22.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartoon is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 92 years to 2013, the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer was awarded 87 times, none was given in five years and it was never split. Many cartoonists won it more than once. 1935, Ross A. Lewis, Milwaukee Journal, for Sure, Ill Work for Both Sides 1936, no award given 1937, C. D. Batchelor, New York Daily News, for Come on in, Ill treat you right. Berryman, Evening Star, for Where Is the Boat Going, goldberg, New York Sun, for Peace Today 1949, Lute Pease, Newark Evening News, for Who Me. The award is given for distinguished body of the work of Mr. Fitzpatrick in both 1954 and his entire career. Mauldin, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for I won the Nobel Prize for Literature, oliphant, The Denver Post, for They Wont Get Us To The Conference Table. 2016, Jack Ohman of The Sacramento Bee for cartoons that convey wry, rueful perspectives through sophisticated style that combines bold line work with subtle colors, through 2013, seventeen people have won the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer twice and five of them have won it three times. Nelson Harding won the prize consecutively in 1927 and 1928 and this book chronologically states the awards, displays the artwork, and then describes the cartoon, Heinz-Dietrich Fischer. Political Caricatures on Global Issues, Pulitzer Prize Winning Editorial Cartoons
23.
Paul Conrad
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Paul Francis Conrad was an American political cartoonist and winner of three Pulitzer Prizes for editorial cartooning. In the span of a career lasting five decades, Conrad provided a perspective on eleven presidential administrations in the United States. His criticism of president Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal landed Conrad on Nixons Enemies List, Conrad was born to Robert and Florence Conrad. He was raised in a conservative, Catholic family with his twin brother James and older brother Bob in Cedar Rapids. He attended St. Augustin Elementary School in Des Moines, where he first began to show interest in art by writing on the bathroom wall and he was left-handed, but was forced by teachers to favor his right hand. Up until the age of 12, Conrad stuttered, after graduating Roosevelt High School, he and his brother spent time working construction jobs in Valdez, Alaska. Conrad also honed his talent as a musician playing piano in a bordello. With World War II raging, Conrad and his brother enlisted and he originally planned to attend Iowa State University after the war in 1945, but instead taught himself to play bass and joined a big band. When the band did not work out, Conrad enrolled at the University of Iowa in 1946 and he first got the idea to become a cartoonist while hanging out at a local bar in Iowa City. At the bar, his friend Charlie Carroll, then the editor for the newspaper, the Daily Iowan, told Conrad that they needed a cartoonist. One of his first cartoons for the Daily Iowan depicted Herbert Hoover, Conrad was soon creating six cartoons a week. Impressed with Conrads cartoons, his professors sent the Denver Post copies of his work, after graduating from the University of Iowa with a degree in art in 1950, Conrad joined the Denver Post, where he drew cartoons for the next 14 years. Early in his career, Conrad sought out the then retired Ding Darling in Florida for advice, unimpressed, Ding told Conrad to get into another line of work. This discouragement from his role model pushed Conrad to work harder at the Post. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, in 1960, Time magazine recognized Conrads talent, saying that he was probably the nations hottest new cartooning property. Conrad received the Pulitzer Prize for editorial cartooning in 1964 and his cartoons for the Post were distributed through the Register and Tribune Syndicate in 81 newspapers. Previously, in December 1963, lead cartoonist Bruce Russell of the Los Angeles Times died of a heart attack, Russell had worked for the conservative paper since 1927. Publisher Otis Chandler, in an attempt to replace Russell and to improve the reputation of the Times, Conrad took the offer of an initial three-year contract and was later replaced at the Post in August 1964 by Australian cartoonist Pat Oliphant from the Adelaide Advertiser
24.
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography
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The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs. One Feature Photography Pulitzer has been awarded annually from 1968 without exception,1968, Toshio Sakai, United Press International, for his Vietnam War combat photograph, Dreams of Better Times. 1969, Moneta Sleet Jr. of Ebony magazine, for his photograph of Martin Luther King Jr. s widow and child,1970, Dallas Kinney, Palm Beach Post, for his portfolio of pictures of Florida migrant workers, Migration to Misery. 1971, Jack Dykinga, Chicago Sun-Times, for his dramatic and sensitive photographs at the Lincoln,1972, David Hume Kennerly, United Press International, for his dramatic photographs of the Vietnam War in 1971. 1973, Brian Lanker, Topeka Capital-Journal, for his sequence on child birth, as exemplified by his photograph,1974, Slava Veder, Associated Press, for his picture Burst of Joy, which illustrated the return of an American prisoner of war from captivity in North Vietnam. 1975, Matthew Lewis, Washington Post, for his photographs in color and black,1976, Photographic staff of the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times, for a comprehensive pictorial report on busing in Louisvilles schools. 1977, Robin Hood, Chattanooga News-Free Press, for his photograph of a disabled veteran,1978, J. Ross Baughman, Associated Press, for three photographs from guerrilla areas in Rhodesia. 1979, Staff photographers of the Boston Herald American, for coverage of the blizzard of 1978. 1980, Erwin H. Hagler, Dallas Times Herald, for a series on the Western cowboy,1981, Taro Yamasaki, Detroit Free Press, for his photographs of Jackson State Prison, Michigan. 1982, John H. White, Chicago Sun-Times, for excellent work on a variety of subjects. Dickman, Dallas Times Herald, for his photographs of life. 1985, Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe, for his series of photographs of the famine in Ethiopia,1986, Tom Gralish, The Philadelphia Inquirer, for his series of photographs of Philadelphias homeless. Peterson, Des Moines Register, for his photographs depicting the shattered dreams of American farmers,1988, Michel duCille, Miami Herald, for photographs portraying the decay and subsequent rehabilitation of a housing project overrun by the drug crack. 1989, Manny Crisostomo, Detroit Free Press, for his series of photographs depicting student life at Southwestern High School in Detroit, turnley, Detroit Free Press, for photographs of the political uprisings in China and Eastern Europe. 1991, William Snyder, The Dallas Morning News, for his photographs of ill,1992, John Kaplan, Block Newspapers, Toledo, Ohio, for his photographs depicting the diverse lifestyles of seven 21-year-olds across the United States. 1993, Staff of Associated Press, for its portfolio of images drawn from the 1992 presidential campaign,1995, Staff of Associated Press, for its portfolio of photographs chronicling the horror and devastation in Rwanda. 1996, Stephanie Welsh, a free-lancer, for her shocking sequence of photos, published by Newhouse News Service,1997, Alexander Zemlianichenko, Associated Press, for his photograph of Russian President Boris Yeltsin dancing at a rock concert during his campaign for re-election
25.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
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The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917 and it is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win. As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists, finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award, in its first 97 years to 2013, the Public Service Pulitzer was awarded 96 times. There were four years for which no award was given, in 1950,1951,1953,1955 and 1959, prizes were awarded to two newspapers. A reporter was first named in 1947, recently that has more common. 1919, Milwaukee Journal, for its strong and courageous campaign for Americanism in a constituency where foreign elements made such a policy hazardous from a point of view. 1920, no award given 1921, Boston Post, for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest. 1922, New York World, for exposing the operations of the Ku Klux Klan. 1923, Memphis Commercial Appeal, for its courageous attitude in the publication of cartoons,1928, Indianapolis Times, for its work in exposing political corruption to Indiana, prosecuting the guilty and bringing about a more wholesome state of affairs in civil government. 1930, no award given 1931, The Atlanta Constitution, for a successful municipal graft exposure,1932, Indianapolis News, for its successful campaign to eliminate waste in city management and to reduce the tax levy. McKee, and the exposing the lottery schemes of various fraternal organizations. 1934, Medford Mail Tribune, for its campaign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson County,1935, The Sacramento Bee, for its campaign against political machine influence in the appointment of two Federal judges in Nevada. 1936, Cedar Rapids Gazette, for its crusade against corruption,1937, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its exposure of wholesale fraudulent registration in St. Louis. 1938, Bismarck Tribune, for its news reports and editorials entitled,1939, Miami Daily News, for its campaign for the recall of the Miami City Commission. 1940, Waterbury Republican & American, for its campaign exposing municipal graft,1941, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its successful campaign against the city smoke nuisance. 1942, Los Angeles Times, for its campaign which resulted in the clarification and confirmation for all American newspapers of the right of free press as guaranteed under the Constitution. 1943, Omaha World-Herald, for its initiative and originality in planning a campaign for the collection of scrap metal for the war effort
26.
Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting
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The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting is a Pulitzer Prize awarded for a distinguished example of breaking news, local reporting on news of the moment. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award,1953, Editorial Staff of Providence Journal and Evening Bulletin, for their spontaneous and cooperative coverage of a bank robbery and police chase leading to the capture of the bandit. 1954, Staff of Vicksburg Sunday Post-Herald, for its coverage of the tornado of December 5,1953. Mrs. Brown dug into the facts behind the dramatic events, as well. 1957, Staff of Salt Lake Tribune, for its prompt,1958, Staff of Fargo Forum, for its swift, vivid and detailed news and picture coverage of a tornado which struck Fargo on June 20. 1961, Sanche De Gramont, for his account of the death of Leonard Warren on the Metropolitan Opera stage. 1962, Robert D. Mullins, Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, For his resourceful coverage of a murder and kidnapping at Dead Horse Point, Utah. 1967, Sylvan Fox, Anthony Shannon, William Longgood, New York World-Telegram and Sun for their reporting of an air crash in Jamaica Bay, killing 95 persons on March 1,1962. 1964, Norman C. Miller The Wall Street Journal, for his account of a multi-million dollar vegetable oil swindle in New Jersey. 1965, Melvin H.1966, Staff Los Angeles Times,1967, Robert V. Cox Chambersburg Public Opinion, for his vivid deadline reporting of a mountain manhunt that ended with the killing of a deranged sniper who had terrorized the community. 1969, John Fetterman Louisville Times and Courier-Journal, for his article, Pfc. Gibson Comes Home,1970, Thomas Fitzpatrick Chicago Sun-Times, for his article about the violence of youthful radicals in Chicago, A Wild Nights Ride With SDS. 1971, Staff Akron Beacon Journal, for its coverage of the Kent State University tragedy on May 4,1970,1972, Richard Cooper and John Machacek Rochester Times-Union, for their coverage of the Attica, New York prison riot. 1973, Staff Chicago Tribune, for uncovering flagrant violations of voting procedures in the election of March 21,1972. 1974, Arthur M. Petacque and Hugh F. Hough Chicago Sun-Times,1975, Staff Xenia Daily Gazette, for its coverage, under enormous difficulties, of the tornado that wrecked the city on April 3,1974. 1977, Margo Huston The Milwaukee Journal, for her reports on the elderly,1979, Staff San Diego Evening Tribune, for its coverage of the collision of a Pacific Southwest air liner with a small plane over its city. 1980, Staff The Philadelphia Inquirer, for coverage of the accident at Three Mile Island. 1981, Staff Longview Daily News, for its coverage of the Mt. St. Helens story,1982, Staff Kansas City Star and Kansas City Times, for coverage of the Hyatt Regency Hotel disaster and identification of its causes. 1983, Editorial Staff Fort Wayne News-Sentinel, for its courageous,1984, Newsday team of reporters Newsday, Long Island, NY, for their enterprising and comprehensive coverage of the Baby Jane Doe case and its far-reaching social and political implications
27.
Columbine High School massacre
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The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured attempting to escape the school. The attack has been referred to by USA Today as an attack planned as a grand—if badly implemented—terrorist bombing. The massacre has been reported as the deadliest high school shooting in US history, the massacre sparked debate over gun control laws, high school cliques, subcultures, and bullying. In 1996, Eric Harris created a website on America Online. Harris initially created the site to host gaming levels he and his friend, Dylan Klebold, created for use in the video game Doom, on this site, Harris began a blog, which included jokes and short journal entries with thoughts on parents, school, and friends. Beginning in early 1997, the blog began to show the first signs of Harriss ever-growing anger against society. Harriss site attracted few visitors, and caused no concern until March 1998, Klebold gave the web address to Brooks Brown, a former friend of Harris. Browns mother had filed complaints with the Jefferson County Sheriffs office concerning Harris. After Browns parents viewed the site, they contacted the Jefferson County Sheriffs Office, the investigator Michael Guerra was told about the website. When he accessed it, Guerra discovered numerous violent threats directed against the students, other material included blurbs that Harris had written about his general hatred of society, and his desire to kill those who annoyed him. Harris had noted on his site that he had made pipe bombs, as Harris had posted on his website that he possessed explosives, Guerra wrote a draft affidavit, requesting a search warrant of the Harris household. The affidavit also mentioned a suspicion of Harris being involved in a pipe bomb case in February 1998. It was concealed by the Jefferson County Sheriffs Office and not revealed until September 2001, after the revelation about the affidavit, a series of grand jury investigations were begun into the cover-up activities of Jefferson County officials. The investigation revealed that high-ranking county officials had met a few days after the massacre to discuss the release of the affidavit to the public, following the press conference, the original Guerra documents disappeared. In September 1999, a Jefferson County investigator failed to find the documents during a search of the countys computer system. A second attempt in late 2000 found copies of the document within the Jefferson County archives, the documents were reconstructed and released to the public in September 2001, but the original documents are still missing. The final grand jury investigation was released in September 2004, on January 30,1998, Harris and Klebold stole tools and other equipment from a van parked near the city of Littleton
