1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Funk
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Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths. Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone and Parliament-Funkadelic, soon began to adopt, Funk samples have been used extensively in genres including hip hop, house music, and drum and bass. It is also the influence of go-go, a subgenre associated with funk. The word funk initially referred to a strong odor and it is originally derived from Latin fumigare via Old French fungiere and, in this sense, it was first documented in English in 1620. In 1784 funky meaning musty was first documented, which, in turn, in early jam sessions, musicians would encourage one another to get down by telling one another, Now, put some stank on it. At least as early as 1907, jazz songs carried titles such as Funky, as late as the 1950s and early 1960s, when funk and funky were used increasingly in the context of jazz music, the terms still were considered indelicate and inappropriate for use in polite company. According to one source, New Orleans-born drummer Earl Palmer was the first to use the word funky to explain to other musicians that their music should be made more syncopated, the style later evolved into a rather hard-driving, insistent rhythm, implying a more carnal quality. This early form of the set the pattern for later musicians. The music was identified as slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented, a great deal of funk is rhythmically based on a two-celled onbeat/offbeat structure, which originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions. New Orleans appropriated the bifurcated structure from the Afro-Cuban mambo and conga in the late 1940s, New Orleans funk, as it was called, gained international acclaim largely because James Browns rhythm section used it to great effect. Funk creates an intense groove by using strong guitar riffs and bass lines, like Motown recordings, funk songs used bass lines as the centerpiece of songs. Slap basss mixture of thumb-slapped low notes and finger popped high notes allowed the bass to have a rhythmic role. In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a style, often using the wah-wah sound effect. Guitarist Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic were notably influenced by Jimi Hendrixs improvised solos, Eddie Hazel, who worked with George Clinton, is one of the most notable guitar soloists in funk. Ernie Isley was tutored at an age by Jimi Hendrix himself. Jimmy Nolen and Phelps Collins are famous funk rhythm guitarists who both worked with James Brown, on Browns Give It Up or Turnit a Loose, Jimmy Nolens guitar part has a bare bones tonal structure
3.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
4.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Vietnam War
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It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The war is considered a Cold War-era proxy war. As the war continued, the actions of the Viet Cong decreased as the role. U. S. and South Vietnamese forces relied on air superiority and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations, involving ground forces, artillery, in the course of the war, the U. S. conducted a large-scale strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam. The North Vietnamese government and the Viet Cong were fighting to reunify Vietnam and they viewed the conflict as a colonial war and a continuation of the First Indochina War against forces from France and later on the United States. The U. S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam and this was part the domino theory of a wider containment policy, with the stated aim of stopping the spread of communism. Beginning in 1950, American military advisors arrived in what was then French Indochina, U. S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with troop levels tripling in 1961 and again in 1962. Regular U. S. combat units were deployed beginning in 1965, despite the Paris Peace Accord, which was signed by all parties in January 1973, the fighting continued. In the U. S. and the Western world, a large anti-Vietnam War movement developed as part of a larger counterculture, the war changed the dynamics between the Eastern and Western Blocs, and altered North–South relations. Direct U. S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973, the capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities, estimates of the number of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed vary from 966,000 to 3.8 million. Some 240, 000–300,000 Cambodians,20, 000–62,000 Laotians, and 58,220 U. S. service members died in the conflict. Various names have applied to the conflict. Vietnam War is the most commonly used name in English and it has also been called the Second Indochina War and the Vietnam Conflict. As there have been several conflicts in Indochina, this conflict is known by the names of its primary protagonists to distinguish it from others. In Vietnamese, the war is known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ. It is also called Chiến tranh Việt Nam, France began its conquest of Indochina in the late 1850s, and completed pacification by 1893. The 1884 Treaty of Huế formed the basis for French colonial rule in Vietnam for the seven decades
7.
Baby boomers
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Baby boomers are the demographic group born during the post–World War II baby boom, approximately between the years 1946 and 1964. This includes people who are between 53 and 71 years old in 2017, according to the U. S. Census Bureau. However, according to the Strauss–Howe generational theory, baby boomers are defined as people born between 1943 and 1960, which would include people who are between 57 and 74 years old in 2017. The term baby boomer is also used in a cultural context, different people, organizations, and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer, both technically and culturally. Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values, many commentators, however, have disputed the extent of that rejection, noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations. In Europe and North America, boomers are associated with privilege, as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education. The increased consumerism for this generation has been criticized as excessive. One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation, very different from those that had come before. This rhetoric had an important impact in the perceptions of the boomers, as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations. The baby boom has been described variously as a shockwave and as the pig in the python, the term Generation Jones is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965. The term is used to refer to the later half of the Baby boomer cohort. The phrase baby boom refers to a increase in the birth rate. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of baby boomer is from 1970 in an article in The Washington Post, various authors have delimited the baby boom period differently. The United States Census Bureau considers a baby boomer to be born during the demographic birth boom between 1946 and 1964. This group represents more than half of the generation, or roughly 38,002,000 people of all races. The other half of the generation was born between 1956 and 1964 and these monikers include, but are not limited to, golden boomers, generation Jones, alpha boomers, hippies, yippies, yuppies, zoomers, and cuspers. In Ontario, Canada, one attempt to define the boom came from David Foot, author of Boom, Bust and Echo and he defines a Canadian boomer as someone born from 1947 to 1966, the years that more than 400,000 babies were born. However, he acknowledges that is a definition, and that culturally it may not be as clear-cut
8.
George Clinton (musician)
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George Clinton is an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and record producer. He was the architect of P-Funk and the mastermind of the bands Parliament and Funkadelic during the 1970s. He launched a career in 1981. He has been cited as one of the foremost innovators of funk music along with James Brown and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Clinton was born in Kannapolis, North Carolina, grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, during his teen years Clinton formed a doo wop group inspired by Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers called The Parliaments, while straightening hair at a barber salon in Plainfield. For a period in the 1960s Clinton was a songwriter for Motown. These two bands combined the elements of such as Jimi Hendrix, Sly and the Family Stone, Cream, and James Brown while exploring various sounds, technology. Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic dominated diverse music during the 1970s with over 40 R&B hit singles, Clintons efforts as a solo artist began in 1982. He is also a music producer who works on almost all the albums he performs on. Beginning in the early 1980s, Clinton recorded several solo albums. In 1982, Clinton signed to Capitol Records under two names, his own and as the P-Funk All-Stars, releasing Computer Games under his own name that same year. The single Loopzilla hit the Top 20 on the R&B charts, followed by Atomic Dog, in 1985, he was recruited by the Red Hot Chili Peppers to produce their album Freaky Styley, because the band members were huge fans of George Clintons and of funk in general. Clinton, in fact, wrote the vocals and lyrics to the track which was originally intended by the band to be left as an instrumental piece. The album was not a success at the time, but has since sold 500,000 copies after the Red Hot Chili Peppers became popular years later. During the mid to late 1980s, many hip-hop and rap artists cited Clintons earlier music as an influence, along with James Brown, Clintons songs with Parliament-Funkadelic were often sampled by rap producers. Sure, sample my stuff… he remarked in 1996, Aint a better time to get paid than when youre my age. You know what to do with money and you dont buy as much pussy or drugs with it – you just buy some. In 1989, Clinton released The Cinderella Theory on Paisley Park and this was followed by Hey Man, Smell My Finger in 1993
9.
Parliament-Funkadelic
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Parliament-Funkadelic is an American funk, soul and rock music collective headed by George Clinton. Their style has been dubbed P-Funk and they influenced numerous post-disco and post-punk music groups of the 1980s and 1990s. The collectives origins date back to the group the Parliaments, formed in the late 1950s in Plainfield. The name Parliament-Funkadelic became the term for the multiple bands in Clintons stable. By the late 1970s the collective had grown to dozens of musicians recording and touring under many different group names. Overall, the collective achieved thirteen top ten hits in the American R&B music charts between 1967 and 1983, including six number one hits. By the early 1980s, Clinton consolidated the collectives projects and continued touring under the names George Clinton. Some former members of Parliament perform under the name Original P, sixteen members of Parliament-Funkadelic were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. The etymology of the term P-Funk is subject to multiple interpretations and it has been identified typically as an abbreviation of Parliament-Funkadelic. Another suggested definition is Plainfield Funk, referring to Plainfield, New Jersey, the liner notes of CD versions of the 1978 Parliament album Motor Booty Affair suggest that the P stands for Pure. It has also suggested that it is an abbreviation of Psychedelic Funk. The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic led to use of the term P-Funk to describe what is now considered to be a genre of music in its own right. The P-Funk story began in 1956 in Plainfield, New Jersey and this was The Parliaments, a name inspired by Parliament cigarettes. By the early 1960s, the group had solidified into the lineup of Clinton, Ray Stingray Davis, Clarence Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon. Later, the group rehearsed in a partially owned by Clinton. The Parliaments finally achieved a hit single in 1967 with Testify while Clinton began commuting to Detroit as a songwriter and producer for Motown Records, after a contractual dispute in which Clinton temporarily lost the rights to the name The Parliaments, Clinton brought the backing musicians forward. When the band relocated to Detroit, their guitar-based, raw sound, with its heavy psychedelic rock influences, inspired Billy Bass Nelson. Clinton signed Funkadelic to Westbound Records, and the five Parliaments singers were credited as guests while the five musicians were listed as the group members
10.
She Loves You
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She Loves You is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963. It is their single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom. In November 2004, Rolling Stone ranked She Loves You number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Lennon and McCartney started composing She Loves You on 26 June 1963 after a concert at the Majestic Ballroom in Newcastle upon Tyne during their tour with Roy Orbison and Gerry and the Pacemakers. They began writing the song on the bus, and continued later that night at their hotel in Newcastle. Id planned an answering song where a couple of us would sing she loves you and we decided that was a crummy idea but at least we then had the idea of a song called She Loves You. So we sat in the bedroom for a few hours and wrote it—John and I. It was completed the day at McCartneys family home in Forthlin Road. Like many early Beatles songs, the title of She Loves You was framed around the use of personal pronouns and its you shes thinking of – And she told me what to say. This idea was attributed by Lennon to McCartney in 1980, It was Pauls idea, instead of singing I love you again and that kind of little detail is still in his work. He will write a story about someone, im more inclined to write about myself. As Lennon later said, We stuck it in everything, McCartney recalls them playing the finished song on acoustic guitars to his father Jim at home immediately after the song was completed, We went into the living room and said Dad, listen to this. And he said Thats very nice son, but theres enough of these Americanisms around, couldnt you sing She loves you, yes, yes, yes. At which point we collapsed in a heap and said No, Dad, I thought, Oh my God, what a lyric. This is going to be one that I do not like, but when they started to sing it—bang, wow, terrific, I was up at the mixer jogging around. The yeah, yeah, yeah refrain proved an immediate, effective, unusually, the song starts with the hook right away, instead of introducing it after a verse or two. She Loves You does not include a bridge, instead using the refrain to join the various verses, the chords tend to change every two measures, and the harmonic scheme is mostly static. The arrangement starts with a two-count of Ringo Starrs drums, the electric instruments are mixed higher than before, especially McCartneys bass, adding to the sense of musical power that the record provides
11.
Michael Brecker
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Michael Leonard Brecker was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Acknowledged as a quiet, gentle musician widely regarded as the most influential tenor saxophonist since John Coltrane and he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004, and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007. Brecker died from complications of leukemia in New York City and his funeral was held on January 15,2007 in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. Michael Brecker was born in Philadelphia and raised in Cheltenham Township and his father Bob was a lawyer who played jazz piano and his mother Sylvia was a portrait artist. Michael Brecker was exposed to jazz at an age by his father. He grew up as part of the generation of musicians who saw rock music not as the enemy. Brecker began studying clarinet at age 6, then moved to alto saxophone in eighth grade, Dreams was short-lived, lasting only from 1969 through 1972, but Miles Davis was seen at some gigs prior to his recording Jack Johnson. Most of Breckers early work is marked by an approach informed as much by rock guitar as by R&B saxophone, after Dreams, he worked with Horace Silver and then Billy Cobham before once again teaming up with his brother Randy to form the Brecker Brothers. The band followed jazz-rock trends of the time, but with attention to structured arrangements, a heavier backbeat. The band stayed together from 1975 to 1982, with consistent success, Brecker was in great demand as a soloist and sideman. He performed with bands whose styles ranged from jazz to mainstream rock. Altogether, he appeared on over 700 albums, either as a member or a guest soloist. He put his stamp on pop and rock recordings as a soloist. His featured guest solos with James Taylor and Paul Simon are excellent examples of that strand of his work, for example, on Taylors 1972 album, One Man Dog, Breckers solo on the track Dont Let Me Be Lonely Tonight complements the other acoustic instruments and sparse vocal. On Simons 1975 album Still Crazy After All These Years, Breckers solo on the track is used to a similar effect. His solos are often placed in the bridge, or appended as a rideout coda, such a combination of musical structure and instrumentation typifies this jazz-rock fusion style. Brecker played tenor saxophone on two Billy Joel albums, in 1983, Brecker played on three tracks on the album An Innocent Man. In 1986, he played on Big Man on Mulberry Street on the album The Bridge, during the early 1980s, he was also a member of NBCs Saturday Night Live Band
12.
Bootsy Collins
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William Earl Bootsy Collins is an American musician and singer-songwriter. Rising to prominence with James Brown in the early 1970s, and later with Parliament-Funkadelic, Collinss driving bass guitar and he is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. With his elder brother Phelps Catfish Collins, Frankie Kash Waddy, in March 1970, after most of the members of James Browns band quit over a pay dispute, The Pacemakers were hired as Browns backing band and they became known as The J. B. s. Although they worked for Brown for only 11 months, the original J. B. B. s. The House Guests released What So Never the Dance and another single on the House Guests label, next Collins moved to Detroit, after Philippé Wynne suggested joining The Spinners, for whom Wynne had been singing. However, following the advice of singer and future Parliament member Mallia Franklin, Franklin there introduced both Collins brothers to George Clinton, and 1972 saw both of the Collins brothers, along with Waddy, join Funkadelic. Collins played bass on most of Funkadelic and all of Parliaments albums through the early 1980s, in 1976 Collins, Catfish, Waddy, Joel Johnson, Gary Mudbone Cooper, Robert Johnson and The Horny Horns formed Bootsys Rubber Band, a separate touring unit of Clintons P-Funk collective. The group recorded five albums together, the first three of which are considered to be among the quintessential P-Funk recordings. Player of the Year reached the top of the R&B album chart and he also adopted his trademark space bass around this time. Collins released two 1980 albums, his first solo album Ultra-Wave, and Sweat Band, on George Clintons Uncle Jam label with a group billed as Bootsys Sweat Band and he also was credited for co-producing the debut of P-Funk spinoffs Zapp and Roger. In 1984, he collaborated with Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads to produce Five Minutes, the record was credited to Bonzo goes to Washington. After a nearly five-year hiatus, he had a comeback in 1988, flaunted a new sound that foreshadowed the 1990s, such as the dance floor smash Party on Plastic. Laswell introduced Collins to Herbie Hancock, resulting in Perfect Machine, the techno-funk they recorded featured turnables for scratch appeal, and the smoothly-stylized vocals of Leroy Sugarfoot Bonner of chart-topping Ohio Players. In 1990, Collins collaborated with Deee-Lite on their massive hit Groove Is in the Heart where he contributed additional vocals. Although he also appeared in the video playing the bass. Bootsys Rubber Band became the de facto backing musicians for Deee-Lite during a world tour, the Rubber Band also recorded the EP Jungle Bass, their first recording in 11 years. In 1992, he joined with guitarist Stevie Salas and drummer Buddy Miles to form the fusion group Hardware. The trio released one album, Third Eye Open, before disbanding, in the same year, Collins played bass guitar on the first Praxis album, Transmutation, alongside fellow Parliament-Funkadelic member Bernie Worrell, Bryan Mantia and Buckethead
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