1.
Robert Rodriguez
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Robert Anthony Rodriguez is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and musician. He shoots and produces many of his films in Mexico and his home state, Rodriguez directed the 1992 action film El Mariachi, which was a commercial success after grossing $2 million against a budget of $7,000. The film spawned two sequels known collectively as the Mexico Trilogy, Desperado and Once Upon a Time in Mexico and he directed From Dusk till Dawn in 1996 and developed its television adaptation series. Rodriguez co-directed the 2005 neo-noir crime thriller anthology Sin City and the 2014 sequel, Sin City, Rodriguez also directed the Spy Kids films, The Faculty, as well as The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D, Planet Terror, and Machete. He is a friend and frequent collaborator of filmmaker Quentin Tarantino, who founded the production company A Band Apart, in December 2013, Rodriguez launched his own cable television channel, El Rey. Rodríguez was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Mexican-American parents Rebecca, a nurse, and Cecilio G. Rodríguez and he began his interest in film at age eleven, when his father bought one of the first VCRs, which came with a camera. While attending St. Anthony High School Seminary in San Antonio, in high school, he met Carlos Gallardo, they both shot films on video throughout high school and college. Rodriguez went to the College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, not having grades high enough to be accepted into the schools film program, he created a daily comic strip entitled Los Hooligans. Many of the characters were based on his siblings – in particular, one of his sisters, the comic ran for three years in the student newspaper The Daily Texan, while Rodríguez continued to make short films. Rodríguez shot action and horror films on video and edited on two VCRs. In late 1990, his entry in a film contest earned him a spot in the universitys film program. There he made the award-winning 16 mm short Bedhead, the film chronicles the amusing misadventures of a young girl whose older brother sports an incredibly tangled mess of hair which she detests. Even at this stage, Rodríguezs trademark style began to emerge, quick cuts, intense zooms. Bedhead was recognized for excellence in the Black Maria Film Festival and it was selected by Film/Video Curator Sally Berger, for the Black Maria 20th-anniversary retrospective at MoMA in 2006. The short film Bedhead attracted enough attention to him to seriously attempt a career as a filmmaker. Rodriquez won the Audience Award for this film at the Sundance Film Festival in 1993 and its promotion still advertised it as the movie made for $7,000. Rodríguez described his experiences making the film in his book Rebel Without a Crew, Desperado, was a sequel to El Mariachi that starred Antonio Banderas and introduced Salma Hayek to American audiences. Rodriguez has also worked with Kevin Williamson, on the horror film The Faculty, in 2001, Rodríguez enjoyed his first Hollywood hit with Spy Kids, which went on to become a movie franchise
2.
Harvey Weinstein
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Harvey Weinstein, CBE is an American film producer and film studio executive. He is best known as co-founder of Miramax, which produced several independent films including Pulp Fiction, Sex, Lies and Videotape, The Crying Game. He and his brother Bob have been co-chairmen of The Weinstein Company, their production company. Weinstein was born in Flushing, New York and he was raised in a Jewish family, the son of Max Weinstein, a diamond cutter, and Miriam. He grew up with his brother, Bob Weinstein, in a housing co-op named Electchester in New York City. He graduated from John Bowne High School, and then the University at Buffalo, Weinstein, his brother Bob, and Corky Burger independently produced rock concerts as Harvey & Corky Productions in Buffalo through most of the 1970s. Both Weinstein brothers had grown up with a passion for movies, in the late 1970s, using profits from their concert promotion business, the brothers created a small independent film distribution company named Miramax, named after their parents, Miriam and Max. The companys first releases were primarily music-oriented concert films such as Paul McCartneys Rockshow, in the early 1980s Miramax acquired the rights to two British films of benefit shows filmed for the human rights organization Amnesty International. Working closely with Martin Lewis, the producer of the original films, the resulting film was released as The Secret Policemans Other Ball in May 1982 and it became Miramaxs first hit. The movie raised considerable sums for Amnesty International and was credited by Amnesty with having helped to raise its profile in the United States, the Weinsteins slowly built upon this success throughout the 1980s with arthouse films that achieved critical attention and modest commercial success. The publicity that surrounded the case resulted in the release of Adams. In 1989, their successful release of Steven Soderberghs Sex, Lies. Also in 1989, Miramax released two films, The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover and director Pedro Almodóvars film Tie Me Up. Both of which the MPAA rating board gave an X-rating, effectively stopping nationwide release for these films, Weinstein sued the MPAA over the rating system. His lawsuit was thrown out, but got the MPAA to agree to introduce the new NC-17 rating. Miramax continued to grow its library of films and directors until, in 1993, after the success of The Crying Game, Miramax won its first Academy Award for Best Picture in 1997 with the victory of The English Patient. This started a string of successes that included Good Will Hunting Shakespeare in Love. In 2004, Weinstein was appointed an honourary Commander of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of his contributions to the British film industry
3.
Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)
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Kevin Meade Williamson is an American screenwriter, filmmaker, and actor, best known as the creator of the TV series Dawsons Creek, The Vampire Diaries, The Following and Stalker. He is also known for developing and writing the screenplay for the slasher film Scream, as well as its sequels Scream 2. He also wrote the screenplay for the films I Know What You Did Last Summer, The Faculty, Teaching Mrs. Tingle, Williamson was born in New Bern, North Carolina, the younger son of Faye and Wade Williamson, a fisherman. He spent his years in Aransas Pass, Texas, near Corpus Christi. Williamsons family returned to North Carolina for his school years. He then attended East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina and he told Entertainment Weekly interviewer Melissa Maerz, When I was growing up, my mom and dad took me to the Poe museum in Richmond, Virginia. It was a little house downtown, and The Raven was written on the walls and you had to move from room to room to read the whole story. I thought it was the coolest thing in the world, after graduation, he moved to New York City to pursue an acting career. While taking classes on screenwriting at UCLA he wrote his first script, Killing Mrs. Tingle which was bought by a company in 1995. Its characters had seen many classic movies and knew all the clichés. Miramax bought the script for $400,000 for their new Dimension Films label in the spring of 1995, directed by Wes Craven, the film was renamed Scream, and released in The United States on December 20,1996. It became a blockbuster and critical success—ultimately drawing $173 million in ticket sales worldwide. Kevin Williamson earned the Saturn Award for Best Writing in 1996 for his work on Scream, in 1997, Dimension Films released Scream 2, also written by Williamson. It, too, was a critical and box office hit, paul Stupin, an executive at Columbia TriStar Television, read Scream after the bidding war for the script and was convinced Williamson was just the man to create a television series for his company. The result was Dawsons Creek, a tale set in a small coastal community not unlike Oriental. Williamson was the model for the character, Dawson Leery. Joey Potter, the platonic girl-next-door, was based on a real friend of Williamsons when he was young. In December 1995, the show was pitched to the Fox Network, where Stupin had been an executive, Dawsons Creek premiered on The WB on January 20,1998, and was an immediate hit that helped launch the newly created television network
4.
Elijah Wood
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Elijah Jordan Wood is an American actor, voice actor, DJ, and producer. He made his debut with a minor part in Back to the Future Part II. Landing a succession of roles, he was critically acclaimed as a child actor by age nine. As a child, he starred in the films Radio Flyer, The Good Son, North and he began to take on teenage roles in the films The Ice Storm, Deep Impact and The Faculty. He is best known for his leading role as Frodo Baggins in Peter Jacksons epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings. Since then, he has chosen varied roles in such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Sin City, Green Street, Everything Is Illuminated. Wood provided the voice of Mumble in the animated musical films Happy Feet and Happy Feet Two. In 2005, he started his own label, Simian Records. He did the voice acting for Spyro in the Legend of Spyro trilogy, from 2011-14, Wood played the role of Ryan Newman in FXs dark comedy, Wilfred. As of late autumn 2016, he co-stars in the BBC America series Dirk Gentlys Holistic Detective Agency, Wood was born on January 28,1981 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, the second of three children. His parents, Debbie and Warren Wood, operated a delicatessen, Wood is of Austrian, Danish, English, German, and Polish descent. He has a brother, Zachariah, who is a video game producer at Sony, and a younger sister, Hannah. At age seven, Wood began modeling in his hometown and took piano lessons, in elementary school, he appeared in The Sound of Music, followed by the title character in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. He also served as boy in a Marion Creative Council production of See How They Run. In 1989, his parents sold their delicatessen and the family–without his father–moved to Los Angeles for Wood to pursue an acting career and his parents divorced when he was 15. Wood modeled and did local commercials and he got his first break in the video for Paula Abduls Forever Your Girl, directed by David Fincher. This was followed by a role in the TV film, Child in the Night. Playing Aidan Quinns son in Avalon and Tin Men garnered professional attention for Wood, a small part in Richard Geres Internal Affairs, was followed by the role of a boy who brings estranged couple Melanie Griffith and Don Johnson back together in Paradise
5.
Jordana Brewster
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Jordana Brewster is an American actress and model. She began her career in her late teens, in an episode of the soap opera All My Children in 1995. She followed that appearance with the role as Nikki Munson in As the World Turns. She was later cast in her first feature film, Robert Rodriguezs 1998 horror science fiction and she also landed a starring role in a 1999 NBC television miniseries entitled The 60s. Her breakthrough role came in the 2001 action film The Fast and she reprised the role in its sequels, Fast & Furious, Fast Five, Fast & Furious 6, and Furious 7. Other film credits include the 2004 action comedy film D. E. B. S, the 2005 independent drama Nearing Grace and the 2006 horror film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The Beginning, for which she received two Teen Choice Award nominations. She had a role in the NBC television series Chuck. After guest roles in television shows such as Dark Blue and Gigantic. She currently stars as Dr. Maureen Cahill on the Fox buddy cop action dramedy series Lethal Weapon, Brewster was born in Panama City, Panama. Her mother, Maria João, is a swimsuit model from Brazil who appeared on the 1978 cover of Sports Illustrated. Her paternal grandfather, Kingman Brewster, Jr. was an educator, president of Yale University, Brewster is a direct descendant of Mayflower passengers William Brewster and Edward Doty. She left Brazil at the age of 10, settling in Manhattan, New York City, Brewster graduated from Yale University with a B. A. in English in 2003. Brewster made her debut in daytime soap operas, with an appearance on All My Children as Anita Santos. For her performance in the show, she was nominated for Outstanding Teen Performer at the 1997 Soap Opera Digest Awards, brewsters film debut was in Robert Rodriguezs 1998 horror science fiction film, The Faculty. In the film, she played a popular vindictive cheerleading captain/ editor in chief of the student paper, later, she was cast alongside Julia Stiles and Jerry OConnell in a NBC television miniseries entitled The 60s, in which she appeared as a student activist. Brewster had her breakthrough role when she starred as Mia Toretto opposite Vin Diesel and Paul Walker in the action film The Fast and the Furious. Todd McCarthy of Variety. com stated that Brewster is looking good, after this film, she took a break from acting to complete her B. A. in English at Yale from which she graduated in 2003. The following year, she returned to acting by playing as a criminal mastermind in the action comedy D. E. B. S
6.
Shawn Hatosy
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Shawn Wayne Hatosy is an American film and television actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the films In & Out, The Faculty, Outside Providence, Anywhere but Here,11,14, The Cooler, and Alpha Dog. Shawn Hatosy was born in Frederick, Maryland, to Carol Ann, a loan officer and he has Hungarian and Irish ancestry. He grew up in the Loch Haven neighborhood of Ijamsville, Maryland, attended New Market Middle School, Hatosy took his middle name, Wayne, from his father. Hatosys two most recent films are Public Enemies, starring Johnny Depp and Christian Bale, and Bad Lieutenant, Port of Call New Orleans, in which Hatosy portrays Nicolas Cages partner, Armand Benoit. Hatosy has appeared in past films such as Soldiers Girl, The Faculty, In & Out, The Cooler, Outside Providence, Anywhere but Here, John Q, A Guy Thing, and 2007s Alpha Dog. Hatosy auditioned for a role in the 1999 film Varsity Blues. Hatosy appeared as Detective Sammy Bryant in the NBC/TNT television series Southland and his latest successful roles were that of serial killer Boyd Fowler on the Showtime television series Dexter and police officer, Terry McCandless in Reckless. He is currently starring as Pope Cody on the TNT crime drama series Animal Kingdom, Hatosy was a singer in his own band, and graduated from Linganore High School in 1994. He made an appearance in Wheatuss Music Video for their single A Little Respect and he also made an appearance in Justin Timberlakes music video for his single What Goes Around. In 2005, he performed opposite Al Pacino in Lyle Kesslers Orphans at the Greenway Court Theatre in Los Angeles, Hatosy also took on the title role in the La Jolla Playhouse production of The Collected Works of Billy the Kid. Off-Broadway, he starred opposite Anna Paquin in the Paul Weitz comedy Roulette and he also performed in Roulette, an Ensemble Studio Theater production directed by Trip Cullman. The characters include a dizzy, distant dad, a sweet, adulterous, alcoholic mom, a son. Shawn married Kelly Albanese in December 2010, the couple lives in Los Angeles with their sons, Jordan Cassius and Leo Hatosy. Shawn Hatosy at the Internet Movie Database Shawn Hatosy at AllMovie
7.
Josh Hartnett
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Joshua Daniel Josh Hartnett is an American actor and movie producer. He first came to attention in 1997 for his role as Michael Fitzgerald in the crime drama series Cracker. He made his film debut in 1998 in the slasher film Halloween H20,20 Years Later, followed by teen roles in films such as the sci-fi horror film The Faculty. Hartnett had starring roles in the war film Pearl Harbor, the drama O, the war film Black Hawk Down, the romantic comedy 40 Days and 40 Nights and he starred in the Brian De Palma–directed neo-noir crime thriller The Black Dahlia. From 2014 to 2016, he starred as Ethan Chandler in the horror TV series Penny Dreadful, Hartnett was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, though some sources, he has said, erroneously give San Francisco, California. The son of Daniel Thomas Hartnett and Wendy Anne and he was raised by his father, a building manager, and his stepmother, Molly, an artist. He has two brothers, Jake and Joe, Hartnett was raised Roman Catholic, attending Nativity of Our Lord Catholic School. Shortly after arriving in Los Angeles, he caught a break, landing a part in the short-lived but acclaimed drama Cracker. Although the series was cancelled after sixteen episodes, Hartnett had made a name for himself and he then began to focus on feature film work. He performed in plays and on national television commercials before being cast in his first feature film. Released on August 5,1998, it performed well at the box office, Hartnett developed a film career, having appeared in Hollywood films, including The Faculty, Black Hawk Down, Lucky Number Slevin and Pearl Harbor. He was originally scheduled to play the role of Tino in Deuces Wild, in 2002, he starred in O, an adaptation of William Shakespeares Othello set in an American high school, as Hugo, the films version of Iago. Hartnett said of his decision, It just wasnt the kind of movie I wanted to do, I turned down other superhero roles as well. Hartnett was chosen as one of Teen People magazines 21 Hottest Stars Under 21 in 1999, Teen Peoples 25 Hottest Stars under 25 and he was also voted Bliss magazines 3rd Sexiest Male, and in 2003 PETA named him the Sexiest Vegetarian Alive, as chosen by voters. One of Hartnetts next films was the 2006 drama-mystery The Black Dahlia, Hartnett had been cast in the role five years before the film was produced, remaining committed to appearing in the movie because he liked the subject matter. Among his 2007 roles were Resurrecting the Champ, an also starring Samuel L. Jackson. Hartnett described the film as supernatural, but kind of a western. He was going to play trumpet player Chet Baker in the film The Prince of Cool, in 2008, Hartnett played Charlie Babbit alongside Adam Godley in the theatre adaptation of Barry Morrows Academy Award-winning Rain Man at the Apollo Theatre in Londons West End
8.
Robert Patrick
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Robert Hammond Patrick, Jr. is an American actor, perhaps best known for his portrayals of villainous characters. He is a Saturn Award winner with four nominations, Patrick dropped out of college when drama class sparked his interest in acting, and entered film in 1986. He currently stars in the CBS drama series Scorpion as Agent Cabe Gallo and he was described by actor/director Jason Bateman as one of the great heavies. Patrick, the oldest of five siblings, was born in Marietta, Georgia, Patrick is of English and Scots-Irish ancestry. His siblings are Richard Patrick, Cheri, Karen and Lewis and he spent his early life in Bay Village, a small suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, while he moved around the country. Patrick did not start to pursue a career until his mid-twenties. During his childhood years, Patrick did not like to act, in third grade he refused to wear a pair of green tights required for Peter Pan. He graduated from Farmington High School in Farmington, Michigan, in 1977, Patrick was a track and field and football athlete at Bowling Green State University, although he dropped out before graduating when he found interest in Drama and acting. After leaving college, Patrick secured a position as a house painter and he swam for three hours in order to save the others still stranded on the accident site, nearly drowning in the attempt. After the accident, he moved from Ohio to Los Angeles, California and his main income during the first years was as a bartender, and he often lived in his car. Patrick was then picked up for small roles and cameos in low-budget films. Looking back, Patrick credited his early appearances in films to his tough-looking exterior, james Cameron, the films director, said he chose Patrick for the role because of his physical appearance, which he felt fit the role. During the filming of Terminator 2, Judgment Day, Patrick was broke, living in an apartment with his girlfriend, Barbara. He has credited the film with starting his career, after Terminator 2, Patrick landed roles in various feature films such as Last Action Hero, Fire in the Sky and Striptease. Because of his fondness for martial arts, Patrick starred in two martial arts films titled Double Dragon and Hong Kong 97, both released in 1994 and his performance in Fire in the Sky caught the attention of The X-Files creator, Chris Carter. After David Duchovny distanced himself from the show during the seventh season, patricks brother, Richard, had previously worked for the series by adding music for the soundtrack album The X-Files, The Album. Patrick was cast as Doggett in 2000, the X-Files was canceled two seasons later, after Duchovny left the show following season 7, which resulted in low ratings for the show. Patrick made several appearances on many magazines, with TV Guide going so far as to label him one of the Ten Sexiest Men of Sci-Fi
9.
Bebe Neuwirth
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Beatrice Bebe Neuwirth is an American actress, singer and dancer. On television, she is known for her portrayal of Dr. Lilith Sternin, Dr. Frasier Cranes wife, the role won her two Emmy Awards. On stage, she is known for her Tony Award winning roles of Nickie in the revival of Sweet Charity, other Broadway musical roles include Morticia Addams in The Addams Family. Since 2014, she has starred as Nadine Tolliver in the CBS drama Madam Secretary, Neuwirth was born in Newark, New Jersey, the daughter of Sydney Anne Neuwirth, a painter, and Lee Paul Neuwirth, a mathematician. She has an older brother Peter, an actuary, Neuwirth made her Broadway debut in the role of Sheila in A Chorus Line in 1980. She later appeared in revivals of Little Me Sweet Charity, for which she won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical,1996 saw her play Velma Kelly in the Broadway revival of Chicago. That role brought her her greatest stage recognition to date, and several including the Tony Award, Drama Desk Award. Neuwirth would later return to the revival of Chicago in 2006. The show ran from May 7 through October 3,2004, here Lies Jenny was also presented by Neuwirth in San Francisco in 2005. In 2009, Neuwirth toured a cabaret show with pianist Scott Cady. The cabaret included music by Kurt Weill, Stephen Sondheim, Tom Waits, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, John Kander, in 2010, she returned to Broadway to create the role of Morticia Addams in the original production of The Addams Family opposite Nathan Lane. Her screen credits include Green Card, Bugsy, Say Anything, jumanji, Summer of Sam, Liberty Heights, Tadpole, The Associate, How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days, Malice, The Big Bounce, The Faculty and Woody Allens Celebrity. On television, from 1986 to 1993 Neuwirth played Dr. Lilith Sternin, from the fourth to the seventh season, Neuwirth portrayed Lilith in a regular recurring role, and she appeared on the show as a main star from season eight to the final season, season eleven. She auditioned for this role with her arm in a sling, following a fall a week earlier and she won two Emmy Awards for the role, in 1990 and 1991. She appeared as herself in episodes of Will and Grace, Strangers with Candy, in 2009, she co-starred as Ms. Kraft in the remake of Fame. She recently had a role as Caroline, the literary editor of Jonathan Ames. She is currently a member of the cast in Madam Secretary on CBS, in 1996, Neuwirth starred in a pilot for a TV series called Dear Diary for ABC which was not picked up. The producers had it edited slightly and put into a theater for a single weekend in November 1996
10.
Piper Laurie
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Piper Laurie is an American stage and screen actress known for her roles in the films The Hustler, Carrie and Children of a Lesser God, all of which brought her Academy Award nominations. She is also known for her performance as Catherine Martell in the television series Twin Peaks. Piper Laurie was born as Rosetta Jacobs on January 22,1932, in Detroit and she was the younger daughter of Charlotte Sadie and Alfred Jacobs, a furniture dealer. Her grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Poland on her fathers side and she was delivered, according to her 2011 autobiography Learning to Live Out Loud, where she lived in a one-bedroom walk-up on Tyler Street in Detroit. Alfred Jacobs moved the family to Los Angeles, California in 1938, to combat her shyness, her parents provided her with weekly elocution lessons, this eventually led to minor roles at nearby Universal Studios. For much of her childhood, her parents placed Laurie and her older sister in a childrens home. In 1949, Rosetta Jacobs signed a contract with Universal Studios, at Universal, she met other unfamiliar actors Julie Adams and Rock Hudson. Her breakout role was in Louisa, with Ronald Reagan whom she dated a few times before his marriage to Nancy Davis, in her autobiography she claimed that she lost her virginity to him. Several other roles followed, Francis Goes to the Races, Son of Ali Baba, to enhance her image, Universal Studios told gossip columnists that Laurie bathed in milk and ate flower petals to protect her luminous skin. Discouraged by the lack of film roles, she moved to New York to study acting and to seek work on the stage. She was again lured to Hollywood by the offer to co-star with Paul Newman in The Hustler and she played Newmans girlfriend, Sarah Packard, and for her performance she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Substantial movie roles did not come her way after The Hustler, so she and her husband moved to New York State. In 1964, she appeared in two medical dramas — as Alicia Carter in The Eleventh Hour episode My Door Is Locked and Bolted, in 1965, she starred in a Broadway revival of Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie, opposite Maureen Stapleton, Pat Hingle and George Grizzard. Laurie did not appear in feature film until she accepted the role of Margaret White in the horror film Carrie. She received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in that role and her co-star, Sissy Spacek, praised her acting skill, She is a remarkable actress. She never does what you expect her to do—she always surprises you with her approach to a scene, in 1979, she appeared as Mary Horton in the Australian movie Tim opposite Mel Gibson. After her 1981 divorce, Laurie relocated to California and she received a third Oscar nomination for her portrayal of Mrs. Norman in Children of a Lesser God. That same year, she was awarded an Emmy for her performance in Promise, in 1990-91, she starred as the devious Catherine Martell in David Lynchs television series Twin Peaks
11.
Famke Janssen
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Famke Beumer Janssen is a Dutch actress, director, screenwriter and former fashion model. She played Xenia Onatopp in GoldenEye, Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series, Ava Moore on Nip/Tuck and Lenore Mills in Taken and its sequels, Taken 2, in 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity by the United Nations. She made her debut with Bringing Up Bobby in 2011. She is also known for her role in the Netflix Original Series Hemlock Grove, Janssen stars in the 2017 NBC crime thriller The Blacklist, Redemption. Famke Beumer Janssen was born c. 1964 in Amstelveen in the Netherlands and her first name, Famke, means girl in Frisian language, the native language of the Dutch province Friesland. She was given both her mother and fathers surnames, Beumer and Janssen and she has two sisters, director Antoinette Beumer and actress Marjolein Beumer, both of whom changed their surnames to simply Beumer. In addition to her native Dutch, Janssen speaks English and French and she also learned German, but has not kept up with it. Following her high school graduation, Janssen studied economics for a year at the University of Amsterdam, in the early 1990s, she enrolled at Columbia University to study creative writing and literature. She graduated in 1992 with a Bachelor of Arts degree, in 1984, Janssen moved to the United States to begin her professional career as a fashion model. She signed with Elite Model Management and worked for Yves Saint Laurent, Giorgio Armani, Chanel and she starred in a 1988 commercial for the perfume Exclamation by Coty, Inc. Her looks have been compared to Hedy Lamarr and other 1940s films stars and that same year, Janssen was offered the role of Jadzia Dax in Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, but turned it down to pursue film roles. Her first film role was alongside Jeff Goldblum in the 1992 crime drama film Fathers & Sons, in 1995, Janssen appeared in Pierce Brosnans first James Bond film, GoldenEye, as femme fatale Xenia Onatopp. She also appeared in Lord of Illusions with Scott Bakula, denis Leary, her co-star in Monument Ave. was impressed by how easily she blended in, initially not recognizing her as she was already in character. In the late 1990s, she appeared in The Faculty, Rounders, Deep Rising. In 2000, Janssen played superhero Dr. Jean Grey in the Marvel Studios film X-Men and she later reprised the role in the 2003 sequel, X2 where her character shows signs of increasing powers but at the end of the film, she is presumably killed. Janssen returns as a much alive Jean whose death in X2 awoke her dark alternate personality, Phoenix in X-Men. At the end of the film, she is killed by Wolverine, for that role, she won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. She returned as Jean in the 2013 film The Wolverine as a hallucination of Wolverines
12.
Usher (musician)
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Usher Raymond IV is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. Born in Dallas, Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, at the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records. In 1994 he released his debut album, Usher. 8701 produced the number-one singles U Remind Me and U Got It Bad and it sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003. Confessions established him as one of the musical artists of the 2000s decade. Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles, Burn, Confessions Part II, and My Boo, it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA. Here I Stand and Raymond v. Raymond, debuted atop of the Billboard 200, the EP, Versus, also produced the Hot 100 top-five single DJ Got Us Fallin in Love. Looking 4 Myself, also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles There Goes My Baby and Climax. Hard II Love peaked at five of the Billboard 200 albums chart. Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States, to date, his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Usher has won awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards. Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years, Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles. Considered an icon and sex symbol, he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, in 2008, he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group, a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber. Usher was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Jonetta Patton, from Tennessee, Usher spent the majority of his young life in Chattanooga, his father left the family when Usher was a year old. Usher grew up with his mother, then-stepfather, and half-brother, while in Atlanta, Usher attended North Springs High School. At age 10, Usher joined an R&B local quintet called the NuBeginnings, Usher recorded 10 songs with the group in 1991, and the ensuing album, Nubeginning Featuring Usher Raymond IV, was only made available regionally and by mail order. However, Patton took him out because, according to her, the album was re-released nationally in April 2002 by Hip-O Records. At age 13, Usher would meet A. J, alexander at local talent show in Atlanta
13.
Salma Hayek
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Salma Hayek Jiménez de Pinault, known professionally as Salma Hayek, is a Mexican-American film actress, producer, and former model. She began her career in Mexico starring in the telenovela Teresa, in 1991 Hayek moved to Hollywood and came to prominence with roles in movies such as Desperado, From Dusk Till Dawn, Dogma, and Wild Wild West. This movie received widespread attention and was a critical and commercial success and she also guest-starred on the NBC comedy series 30 Rock from 2009 to 2013. Hayeks recent films include Grown Ups, Puss in Boots, Grown Ups 2, Hayek was born Salma Hayek Jiménez in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. Her younger brother, Sami, is a furniture designer and her mother, Diana Jiménez Medina, is an opera singer and talent scout. Her father, Sami Hayek Domínguez, is an oil executive and owner of an industrial-equipment firm. Her father is a Mexican of Lebanese descent, with his family being from the city Baabdat, Lebanon and her mother is a Mexican mestiza of Amerindian and Spaniard descent, with her grandmother/maternal great-grandparents being from Spain. Raised in a wealthy, devout Roman Catholic family, she was sent to the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Grand Coteau, Louisiana, USA, in school, she was diagnosed with dyslexia and ADHD. She attended university in Mexico City, where she studied International Relations at the Universidad Iberoamericana, at the age of 23, Hayek landed the title role in Teresa, a successful Mexican telenovela that made her a star in Mexico. In 1994, Hayek starred in the film El Callejón de los Milagros, for her performance, Hayek was nominated for an Ariel Award. Hayek moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1991 to study acting under Stella Adler and she had limited fluency in English, and dyslexia. Robert Rodriguez, and his producer and then-wife, Elizabeth Avellan and she followed her role in Desperado with a brief role as a vampire queen in From Dusk till Dawn, in which she performed a table-top snake dance. Hayek had a role opposite Matthew Perry in the 1997 romantic comedy Fools Rush In. In 1999 she co-starred in Will Smiths big-budget Wild Wild West, in 2000 Hayek had an uncredited acting part opposite Benicio del Toro in Traffic. In 2003, she reprised her role from Desperado by appearing in Once Upon a Time in Mexico, around 2000, Hayek founded film production company Ventanarosa, through which she produces film and television projects. Her first feature as a producer was 1999s El Coronel No Tiene Quien Le Escriba, Frida, co-produced by Hayek, was released in 2002. She earned a Best Actress Academy Award nomination for her performance, in the Time of the Butterflies is a 2001 feature film based on the Julia Álvarez book of the same name, covering the lives of the Mirabal sisters. In the movie, Salma Hayek plays one of the sisters, Minerva, in December 2005, she directed a music video for Prince, titled Te Amo Corazon that featured Mía Maestro
14.
Jon Stewart
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Jon Stewart is an American comedian, writer, producer, director, actor, media critic, and former television host. He was the host of The Daily Show, a news program on Comedy Central. Stewart started as a comedian, but branched into television as host of Short Attention Span Theater for Comedy Central. He went on to host his own show on MTV, The Jon Stewart Show and he has also had several film roles as an actor, but has done few cinematic projects since becoming the host of The Daily Show in 1999. He was also a writer and co-executive producer of the show, after Stewart joined, The Daily Show steadily gained popularity and critical acclaim, and his work won 22 Primetime Emmy Awards. Stewart has gained acclaim as an acerbic, satirical critic of personality-driven media shows, in particular those of the U. S. media networks such as CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC. Critics say Stewart benefits from a standard, he critiques other news shows from the safe. Stewart agrees, saying that neither his nor his channel purports to be anything other than satire. In spite of its self-professed entertainment mandate, The Daily Show has been nominated for news, Stewart hosted the 78th and 80th Academy Awards. He is the co-author of America, A Citizens Guide to Democracy Inaction, which was one of the books in the U. S. in 2004. Stewarts final show aired on August 6,2015, Stewarts family is Jewish, and emigrated to the U. S. from Poland, Ukraine and Belarus, one of his grandfathers was born in Manzhouli. Stewart is the second of four sons, with older brother Lawrence and younger brothers Dan, Stewarts parents divorced when Stewart was eleven years old, and Stewart was apparently largely estranged from his father. Because of his relationship with his father, which in 2015 he described as still complicated, he dropped his surname and began using his middle name. Stewart stated, There was a thought of using my mothers maiden name, yet people always view through the prism of ethnic identity. He had his surname changed to Stewart in 2001. Stewart and his brother Lawrence, who was previously the Chief Operating Officer of NYSE Euronext, grew up in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, according to Stewart, he was subjected to anti-Semitic bullying as a child. He describes himself in school as very into Eugene Debs. Stewart grew up in the era of the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal and his first job was working at a Woolworths at which his brother Lawrence worked, and jokingly describes being fired by Lawrence as one of the scarring events of his youth
15.
Marco Beltrami
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A long-time friend and collaborator of Wes Craven, Beltrami has scored seven of the directors films including all four films in the Scream franchise. Beltrami has been nominated for two Academy Awards for 3,10 to Yuma and The Hurt Locker, and won a Satellite Award for Best Original Score for Soul Surfer and he also scored Guillermo del Toros 2004 supernatural superhero film Hellboy and the 2013 superhero film The Wolverine. Beltrami was born in Long Island, New York, of Italian, apart from horror/thriller and action, he also scores certain independent films such as The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys and Tommy Lee Jones The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his score for the film David and Lisa in 1998, Beltrami earned an Academy Award nomination for his work on James Mangolds acclaimed 2007 western remake,3,10 to Yuma. Despite having met a mixed response, he was also nominated, alongside Buck Sanders. In 2011, he was met with praise and won a Satellite Award for Best Original Score for his score to the drama film Soul Surfer. Beltrami composed the soundtrack for Pierce Brosnans 2014 spy film November Man, Beltrami co-composed the score for the 2015 Fantastic Four film with Philip Glass. Beltramis signature style is based around highly percussive texture and he often employs both traditional percussive instruments like bass drums, as well as violins and brass instruments, forming layers of hits and stabs. Beltrami has worked repeatedly with such directors as Alex Proyas, Len Wiseman, John Moore, Wes Craven and he has also worked with other musicians, including Marilyn Manson. While none of those tracks appear on the track listing of the album. However, he was credited officially for providing arrangements on Street of Dreams, Madagascar, There Was a Time, This I Love, as a sidenote, Chinese Democracy is also the name of a track on Beltramis score for 3,10 to Yuma. Personal website Marco Beltrami discography at MusicBrainz Marco Beltrami at the Internet Movie Database Biography at Movie Music UK Marco Beltrami interview at UnderScores, Musique de Film
16.
Troublemaker Studios
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Troublemaker Studios is a film production company founded and owned by filmmaker Robert Rodriguez and producer Elizabeth Avellan. The company is based in Austin, Texas and is located at the site of the Robert Mueller Municipal Airport. It also shares space with Austin Studios, which is managed by the Austin Film Society, and houses offices, sound stages. The companys visual effects division, Troublemaker Digital, is located at the site. A second facility, Troublemaker Sound, is located in the country outside Austin. It provides post-production sound and editing facilities, including a mixing and dubbing sound stage powered by a large Pro Tools installation, Rodriguez chose the name so fans of the strip would recognize it when they saw his films. The company was reincorporated as Troublemaker Studios in 2000, aaron Kaufman and Iliana Nikolic are his partners in the venture. In 2012, a division, Quick Draw Animation, was launched. Both companies are based at Troublemaker Studios and its name is an homage to the low-budget production company American International Pictures
17.
Miramax
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Miramax is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows. It is headquartered in Santa Monica, California, shortly thereafter, Pulp Fiction was released. Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings, a joint venture of Colony Capital, Tutor-Saliba Corporation, in 2016, ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group. The company was founded by the brothers Harvey and Bob Weinstein in Buffalo, New York in 1979 and it was created to distribute independent films deemed commercially unfeasible by the major studios. The Weinsteins worked with Lewis to distill the two films into one film for the US marketplace, the resulting film The Secret Policemans Other Ball was a successful release for Miramax in the summer of 1982. This release presaged a modus operandi that the company would later in the 1980s of acquiring films from international filmmakers. Among the companys other breakthrough films as distributors in the late 1980s and early 1990s were Scandal, Sex, Lies, the Crying Game, Pulp Fiction and Clerks. The company also made such as Flirting with Disaster, Heavenly Creatures. Miramax acquired and/or produced many films that did extraordinarily well financially. The company became one of the leaders of the independent film boom of the 1990s, Miramax produced or distributed seven films with box office grosses totaling more than $100 million, its most successful title, Chicago, earned more than $300 million worldwide. The company was also successful in securing Academy Award nominations for its releases. In 1992, Miramax began a deal with Paramount Pictures for VHS, Paramount would also distribute theatrically certain releases that might have commercial appeal. On June 30,1993, Miramax was purchased for $60 million by The Walt Disney Company, Harvey and Bob Weinstein continued to operate Miramax until they left the company on September 30,2005. During their tenure, the Weinstein brothers ran Miramax independently of other Disney subsidiaries, Disney, however, had the final say on what Miramax could release. Disneys Buena Vista Home Entertainment division released Miramax output, Miramax operated, until September 30,2005, the label Dimension Films, specializing in genre films and created the Scream and Scary Movie film franchises. The primary source of dispute was over distribution of Fahrenheit 9/11 by Michael Moore, Disneys film studio consortium, Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group assumed control of Miramax, which was projected to have a smaller annual production budget. The Weinsteins started a new production company called The Weinstein Company. The Miramax name remained with the studio owned by Disney
18.
Science fiction film
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Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. The genre has existed since the years of silent cinema. The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis - being the first feature length science fiction movie, from the 1930s to the 1950s, the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies. After Stanley Kubricks landmark 2001, A Space Odyssey, the fiction film genre was taken more seriously. This definition suggests a continuum between empiricism and transcendentalism, with science fiction film on the side of empiricism, and horror film, however, there are numerous well-known examples of science fiction horror films, epitomized by such pictures as Frankenstein and Alien. The visual style of fiction film can be characterized by a clash between alien and familiar images. This clash is implemented when alien images become familiar, as in A Clockwork Orange, as well, familiar images become alien, as in the films Repo Man and Liquid Sky. For example, in Dr. Strangelove, the, distortion of the make the familiar images seem more alien. Finally, alien and familiar images are juxtaposed, as in The Deadly Mantis, Science fiction films appeared early in the silent film era, typically as short films shot in black and white, sometimes with colour tinting. They usually had a theme and were often intended to be humorous. In 1902, Georges Méliès released Le Voyage dans la Lune, generally considered the first science fiction film, several early films merged the science fiction and horror genres. Examples of this are Frankenstein, a adaptation of Mary Shelleys novel. Taking a more adventurous tack,20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a based on Jules Verne’s famous novel of a wondrous submarine. In the 1920s, European filmmakers tended to use science fiction for prediction and social commentary, as can be seen in German films such as Metropolis and Frau im Mond. In the 1930s, there were big budget science fiction films, notably Just Imagine, King Kong, Things to Come. Starting in 1936, a number of science fiction comic strips were adapted as serials, notably Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers and these serials, and the comic strips they were based on, were very popular with the general public. Other notable science fiction films of the 1930s include Frankenstein, Bride of Frankenstein, Doctor X, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, F. P. The 1940s brought us Before I Hang, Black Friday, Dr. Cyclops, The Devil Commands, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Man Made Monster, It Happened Tomorrow, It Happens Every Spring and The Perfect Woman
19.
Horror film
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Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, the macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres, Horror films often deal with viewers nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event. Another of his projects was 1898s La Caverne maudite. Japan made early forays into the genre with Bake Jizo and Shinin no Sosei. The era featured a slew of literary adaptations, with the works of Poe and Dante, in 1908, Selig Polyscope Company produced Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In 1910, Edison Studios produced the first filmed version of Frankenstein, the macabre nature of the source materials used made the films synonymous with the horror film genre. Before and during the Weimar Republic era, German Expressionist filmmakers would significantly influence later productions, the first vampire-themed movie, Nosferatu, was made during this period, though it was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula. Other European countries also, contributed to the genre during this period, though the word horror to describe the film genre would not be used until the 1930s, earlier American productions often relied on horror themes. Some notable examples include The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, The Cat and the Canary, The Unknown, and The Man Who Laughs. Many of these films were considered dark melodramas because of their stock characters and emotion-heavy plots that focused on romance, violence, suspense. The trend of inserting an element of macabre into American pre-horror melodramas continued into the 1920s, directors known for relying on macabre in their films during the 1920s were Maurice Tourneur, Rex Ingram, and Tod Browning. Ingrams The Magician contains one of the first examples of a mad doctor and is said to have had a influence on James Whales version of Frankenstein. The Unholy Three is an example of Brownings use of macabre and unique style of morbidity, he remade the film in 1930 as a talkie, during the early period of talking pictures, Universal Pictures began a successful Gothic horror film series. Tod Brownings Dracula was quickly followed by James Whales Frankenstein and The Old Dark House, some of these films blended science fiction with Gothic horror, such as Whales The Invisible Man and featured a mad scientist, mirroring earlier German films. Frankenstein was the first in a series of remakes which lasted for years, the Mummy introduced Egyptology as a theme, Make-up artist Jack Pierce was responsible for the iconic image of the monster, and others in the series. Universals horror cycle continued into the 1940s with B-movies including The Wolf Man, the once controversial Freaks, based on the short story Spurs, was made by MGM, though the studio disowned the completed film, and it remained banned, in the UK, for thirty years
20.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
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MDMA
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3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, commonly known as ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug used primarily as a recreational drug. Desired effects include increased empathy, euphoria, and heightened sensations, when taken by mouth, effects begin after 30–45 minutes and last 3–6 hours. It is also sometimes snorted or smoked, as of 2017, MDMA has no accepted medical uses. Adverse effects of MDMA use include addiction, memory problems, paranoia, difficulty sleeping, teeth grinding, blurred vision, sweating, use may also lead to depression and fatigue. Deaths have been reported due to increased temperature and dehydration. MDMA increases the release and slows the reuptake of the serotonin, dopamine. It has stimulant and psychedelic effects, the initial increase is followed by a short-term decrease in the neurotransmitters. MDMA belongs to the substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine and substituted amphetamine classes of drugs, MDMA was first made in 1912. It was used to improve psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly associated with parties, raves, and electronic dance music. It is often mixed with other substances such as ephedrine, amphetamine. In 2014, between 9 and 29 million people between the ages of 15 and 64 used ecstasy and this was broadly similar to the percentage of people who use cocaine, amphetamines, and opioids, but fewer than for cannabis. In the United States, about 0.9 million people used ecstasy in 2010, MDMA is generally illegal in most countries. Limited exceptions are made for research. Researchers are investigating whether a few low doses of MDMA may assist in treating severe, in November 2016, phase 3 clinical trials for PTSD were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to assess effectiveness and safety. As of 2017, MDMA has no accepted medical indications, before it was widely banned, it saw limited use in therapy. A small number of therapists continue to use MDMA in therapy despite its illegal status, MDMA is often considered the drug of choice within the rave culture and is also used at clubs, festivals and house parties. In the rave environment, the effects from the music
22.
Cephalopod
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A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. The study of cephalopods is a branch of known as teuthology. Cephalopods became dominant during the Ordovician period, represented by primitive nautiloids, the class now contains two, only distantly related, extant subclasses, Coleoidea, which includes octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, and Nautiloidea, represented by Nautilus and Allonautilus. In the Coleoidea, the shell has been internalized or is absent, whereas in the Nautiloidea. About 800 living species of cephalopods have been identified, two important extinct taxa are the Ammonoidea and Belemnoidea. There are over 800 extant species of cephalopod, although new species continue to be described, an estimated 11,000 extinct taxa have been described, although the soft-bodied nature of cephalopods means they are not easily fossilised. Cephalopods are found in all the oceans of Earth, none of them can tolerate freshwater, but the brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis, found in Chesapeake Bay, is a notable partial exception in that it tolerates brackish water. Cephalopods are thought to be unable to live in due to multiple biochemical constraints. Cephalopods occupy most of the depth of the ocean, from the plain to the sea surface. Their diversity is greatest near the equator and decreases towards the poles, Cephalopods are widely regarded as the most intelligent of the invertebrates, and have well developed senses and large brains. The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates, the brain is protected in a cartilaginous cranium. Cephalopods have also known to climb out of their aquaria, maneuver a distance of the lab floor, enter another aquarium to feed on the crabs. Cephalopods are social creatures, when isolated from their own kind, some cephalopods are able to fly through the air for distances of up to 50 m. While cephalopods are not particularly aerodynamic, they achieve these impressive ranges by jet-propulsion, the animals spread their fins and tentacles to form wings and actively control lift force with body posture. Cephalopods have advanced vision, can detect gravity with statocysts, and have a variety of sense organs. Octopuses use their arms to explore their environment and can use them for depth perception, most cephalopods rely on vision to detect predators and prey, and to communicate with one another. Consequently, cephalopod vision is acute, training experiments have shown that the octopus can distinguish the brightness, size, shape
23.
Mesozoa
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The Mesozoa are enigmatic, minuscule, worm-like parasites of marine invertebrates. As of 2012 it was unclear whether they are degenerate platyhelminthes or truly-primitive. Generally, these tiny, elusive creatures consist of a somatoderm of ciliated cells surrounding one or more reproductive cells, decades ago, Mesozoa were classified as a phylum. Molecular phylogeny studies, however, have shown that the mysterious mesozoans are polyphyletic and that is, they consist of at least two unrelated groups. As a result of recent findings in molecular biology, the label mesozoan is now often applied informally. Some workers previously classified Mesozoa as the phylum of the lonely subkingdom Agnotozoa. Cavalier-Smith argued that at least some of the mesozoans are in fact protistans, in the 19th century, the Mesozoa were a wastebasket taxon for multicellular organisms which lacked the invaginating gastrula which was thought to define the Metazoa. Mesozoa were once thought to be evolutionary intermediate forms between Protozoans and Metazoans, but now they are thought to be degenerate or simplified metazoa and their ciliated larva are similar to the miracidium of trematodes, and their internal multiplication is similar to what happens in the sprocysts of trematodes. Mesozoan DNA has a low GC-content and this amount is similar to ciliates, but ciliates tend to be binucleate. Others relate mesozoa to a group including annelids, planarians, the two main mesozoan groups are the Dicyemida and the Orthonectida. Other groups sometimes included in the Mesozoa are the Placozoa and the Monoblastozoa, monoblastozoans consist of a single description written in the 19th century of a species that has not been seen since. As such, many workers doubt that they are a real group, as described, the animal had only a single layer of tissue. Rhombozoa, or dicyemid mesozoans, are found in the tracts of squid. They range from a few millimeters long with twenty to thirty cells that include anterior attachment cells and this axial cell may develop asexually into vermiform juveniles or it may produce eggs and sperm that self-fertilize to produce a ciliated infusiform larva. There are three genera, Dicyema, Pseudicyema and Dicyemennea, molecular evidence suggests that this phylum are derived from the Lophotrochozoa. Orthonectida are found in the spaces of various marine invertebrates including tissue spaces, gonads. This pathogen causes host castration of different species, the best known of Orthonectida is the parasite of brittle stars. The multinucleate syncytial stage lives within tissues and spaces of the gonad and it causes the destruction of starfish ovary and eggs to cause castration
24.
Christopher McDonald
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Christopher McDonald is an American actor. McDonald was born in New York City, the son of Patricia, a professor and real estate agent, and James R. McDonald. He was raised in Romulus, New York, and is a graduate of Hobart College in Geneva, New York where he played football and his younger brother, actor Daniel McDonald, died of brain cancer in February 2007. McDonald has numerous film and television roles, often as a supporting actor and he was featured as Ward Cleaver in the movie version of Leave It to Beaver and famous baseball broadcaster Mel Allen in 61*. In 1994, he starred in the film Terminal Velocity as an aggressive Russian mafia villain, richard Castillo in the season three episode Yesterdays Enterprise. McDonalds voice work includes the government agent Kent Mansley in the animated film The Iron Giant. He also voiced Jor-El in Superman, The Animated Series and subsequently an older version of Superman in Batman Beyond and he subbed for Burt Reynolds as Boss Hogg in The Dukes of Hazzard, The Beginning. In 2009, McDonald also lent his talents in the Thomas Nelson audio Bible production known as The Word of Promise. In this dramatized audio, McDonald played the role of Luke, McDonald played the eponymous lead in Peter Gabriels music video for the song The Barry Williams Show. He also replaced Robert De Niro in the Midnight Run movie franchise and he portrayed baseball player Joe DiMaggio in the ESPN original series The Bronx Is Burning. In October 2013, McDonald started filming for A Conspiracy on Jekyll Island, the film is set to release in 2017. McDonald appears in the Broadway show The Front Page at the Broadhurst Theater, Christopher McDonald at the Internet Movie Database Christopher McDonald at the Internet Broadway Database
25.
Danny Masterson
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Daniel Peter Danny Masterson is an American actor and disc jockey. Masterson is best known for his role as Steven Hyde in That 70s Show, Masterson was born on Long Island, New York, the son of Carol Masterson, a manager, and Peter Masterson, an insurance agent. He grew up in Garden City and East Williston, New York and he has two brothers, Will Masterson and actor Christopher Masterson. Their half-brother, Jordan Masterson, is an actor and their half-sister and his singing voice disappeared by the time he was a teenager. By the time he was sixteen, he had appeared in over one-hundred commercials, including ones for Swift Premium, Kelloggs Frosted Flakes, Hardees, Hostess, Tang, in the early 1990s, Masterson had a role in Beethovens 2nd, and starred as Justin in Cybill. These roles launched a career, including a minor role in the John Travolta film Face/Off. The original casting director for That 70s Show, Debby Romano, resisted Mastersons audition because he was older than the rest of the cast. She stated that, he came in and he was just so funny, Masterson appeared in all eight seasons of That 70s Show. His appearance on That 70s Show launched a breakthrough in Mastersons career, after the show concluded Masterson starred in several movies and made guest appearances on television shows including Punkd and MADtv. Along with Kutcher and Valderrama, he co-hosted the Fox TV special Woodstock 1999 and he had a part in the 2008 comedy Yes Man. Masterson stars with his wife, Bijou Phillips, in the 2009 drama The Bridge to Nowhere. In 2011, Masterson guest starred as James Roland in USA Networks White Collar and he portrayed Jerry Rubin in the 2010 movie, The Chicago 8, written and directed by Pinchas Perry. The Chicago 8 is a based on the actual Chicago Eight in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was filmed in September and October 2009, the film is based closely on the trial transcripts and most of the action takes place in the courtroom. In 2012, the comedy series Men At Work premiered on TBS, co-starring Masterson and Michael Cassidy, James Lesure, in 2012, Masterson appeared in the film Alter Egos, directed by Jordan Galland. In 2015, it was confirmed that Masterson would appear in the newNetflix series The Ranch along with Ashton Kutcher, Masterson began DJing at Los Angeles night clubs in 1999 as a hobby, but it soon became a side business. Masterson is a rock and hip hop fanatic, and is also a fan of indie, electro. Masterson owns a lounge and bar in Park City, Utah called Downstairs and he models occasionally, and he has been on the covers of many magazines, including Paper Magazine and YRB Magazine
26.
Wiley Wiggins
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Wiley Ramsey Wiggins is an American film actor and blogger. A native of Austin, Texas, he is the nephew of Lanny Wiggins, Wiggins starred in Richard Linklaters films Dazed and Confused and Waking Life. He was involved in early 1990s cyberculture, and wrote occasionally for such magazines as FringeWare Review, Mondo 2000 and his current weblog, Its Not For Everyone, focuses on film, art, technology and free culture. Dazed and Confused as Mitch Kramer Love and a
27.
Jon Abrahams
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Jon Avery Abrahams is an American film and television actor. He had his debut in Larry Clarks Kids. Abrahams was born in New York and he attended Saint Anns School in Brooklyn. Abrahams great-uncles were actor Mack Gray - long time confidant of entertainers George Raft, Dean Martin and Frank Sinatra - and stuntman and his father, Martin Abrahams, is an artist. Abrahams has starred in films and TV shows. His most notable roles are Bobby in Scary Movie, Dalton Chapman in the horror movie House of Wax and he is also known as DJ Jonny on The Ellen DeGeneres Show for season four, replacing Tony Okungbowa. He has been replaced on season five by KROQ personality Ted Stryker due to his wish to concentrate on his career in film. He can be seen in the 2009 comedy 2 Dudes and a Dream, Jon Abrahams at the Internet Movie Database Jon Abrahams at AllMovie
28.
Summer Phoenix
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Summer Joy Phoenix is an American actress, model and designer. She is the youngest sibling of Rain Phoenix, Joaquin Phoenix, Liberty Phoenix, Phoenix was born in Winter Park, Florida. Her mother, Arlyn Sharon, was born in The Bronx, New York, to Jewish parents from Hungary and her father, John Lee Bottom, was a lapsed Catholic from Fontana, California. In 1968, Phoenixs mother left The Bronx and moved to California and they married in 1969 and joined the religious cult the Children of God, working as missionaries and fruit pickers in South America. Phoenix has four siblings, two brothers, actors Joaquin and the late River, and two sisters, Rain and Liberty and she attended New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts, but left before graduating to pursue a career in film. Phoenix was an actor, working with agent Iris Burton along with her brothers and sister at the age of two, and went on to have guest roles in Murder She Wrote, Growing Pains. She appeared in the TV movie Kates Secret and in Russkies, Phoenix later appeared in Wasted, The Laramie Project, SLC Punk. Dinner Rush, The Believer, and The Faculty and she played leads in Esther Kahn and Suzie Gold. In 2002, Phoenix starred in a run of This is Our Youth at the Garrick Theatre alongside Matt Damon. She was a member of the rock band The Causey Way with her sister Rain and she later made guest appearances on albums by Rains band, the Papercranes. She is a supporter of several environmental and animal rights causes and charities. She became engaged to Casey Affleck on December 25,2003, Phoenix and Affleck married on June 3,2006 in Savannah, Georgia, and had a second son, Atticus, on January 12,2008. In March 2016, Affleck and Phoenix announced they were separating, in 2003, she and friends Odessa Whitmire and Ruby Canner opened the vintage clothing boutique Some Odd Rubies on Manhattans Lower East Side. Summer Phoenix at the Internet Movie Database Some Odd Rubies
29.
Harry Knowles
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Harry Jay Knowles is a film critic and writer known for his website called Aint It Cool News. Knowles is a member of the Austin Film Critics Association, Harry Jay Knowles was born in Austin, Texas, the son of Jarrell Jay Knowles and Helen Jane Knowles, who married September 19,1970, in Austin. His parents then settled in Austin, knowless parents separated in 1983 and divorced March 12,1984, his mother received custody of him and his younger sister Dannie. The children subsequently lived with their mother on her familys ranch, knowless other activities included the Boy Scouts of America and he attained the rank of Eagle Scout. After purchasing a computer in 1994, Knowles taught himself how to navigate the Internet and began frequenting newsgroups to exchange gossip and rumors with other fans about upcoming films. After being chastised by future film critic Mike DAngelo for posting binary image files to the newsgroups, due to the popularity of the website, Knowles was sought out by the mainstream media, including magazines, newspapers, and television news programs. In 2000, he was ranked #95 in the Forbes Celebrity 100, Knowles has made guest appearances on the television shows Siskel & Ebert & the Movies and Politically Incorrect. He was played by Ethan Suplee in the 2009 movie Fanboys, every year since 1999, on the weekend closest to his birthday, Knowles hosts an event called Butt-Numb-A-Thon. BNAT has been called the worlds most exclusive and mysteriously secretive film celebration, additionally, Knowles is a co-founder of the annual Fantastic Fest, held in Austin, Texas. It was founded in 2005 by Knowles, Tim League of Alamo Drafthouse, Paul Alvarado-Dykstra, the festival focuses on genre films such as horror, science fiction, fantasy, action, Asian, and cult. The festival takes place in September at the Alamo Drafthouse South Lamar, in 2007, Variety publisher Charles Koones included Fantastic Fest as one of ten festivals we love. In 2008, Moviemaker named Fantastic Fest one of the 25 film festivals worth the entry fee, Knowles attends events offered to the press, paid for by the movie studios, including visits to movie sets and premieres. Questions have sometimes emerged about the impartiality of his articles. For example, he was flown to the premiere of Godzilla, Knowles later reversed himself and panned the film after the ensuing outcry. Knowles also gave a review to the film Monkeybone, in which he made a cameo appearance. In 1999, Knowles praised a script by Drew McWeeny and Scott Swan and this and other alleged lapses were reported in a series of articles in Film Threat magazine. When the actual nominees were announced the day, it was discovered that his finalists in almost every category were incorrect. Knowles acknowledged his error when it became clear he was wrong, the Academy considered suing Knowles for trademark and copyright infringement, but ultimately decided against it
30.
Police officer
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A police officer, also known as a policeman, policewoman, police agent, or a police employee is a warranted law employee of a police force. In the United States, the officer is typically the formal name of the lowest police rank. In many other countries, officer is a term not specifying a particular rank. In some nations the use of the officer is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers may be sworn to an oath, and have the power to arrest people and detain them for a time, along with other duties. Although many police officers wear a uniform, some police officers are plain-clothed in order to dissimulate as ordinary citizens. The word police comes from the Greek politia meaning government, which came to mean its civil administration, Police officers are those empowered by government to enforce the laws it creates. In The Federalist Papers, James Madison wrote If men were angels and these words apply to those who serve government, including police. The more general term for the function is law enforcement officer or peace officer, a sheriff is typically the top police officer of a county, with that word coming from the person enforcing law over a shire. A person who has been deputized to serve the function of the sheriff is referred to as the deputy, a common nickname for a police officer is cop. The term copper is used in Britain to mean someone who captures. The common myth is that its a term referring to the officers buttons which are made of copper. The word Cop derives from a Gaelic word which has the equivalence of saying, protector, leader, the terms are almost nearly homophonic but have similar meanings. The term County Mountie is used specifically in reference to county police officers or county sheriffs deputies in the United States, as with Canadian Mounties, the term mountie comes from police who serve while mounted on horseback. Responsibilities of an officer are varied, and may differ greatly from within one political context to another. Typical duties relate to keeping the peace, law enforcement, protection of people and property, officers are expected to respond to a variety of situations that may arise while they are on duty. Rules and guidelines dictate how an officer should behave within the community, in some countries, rules and procedures dictate that a police officer is obliged to intervene in a criminal incident, even if they are off-duty. Police officers in all countries retain their lawful powers while off duty
31.
Scream (1996 film)
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Scream is a 1996 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven. The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore. The film combined black comedy and whodunit mystery with the violence of the genre to satirize the clichés of the horror genre popularized in films such as Halloween. The film was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real world horror films, based partly on the real life case of the Gainesville Ripper, Scream was inspired by Williamsons passion for horror films, especially Halloween. The script, originally titled Scary Movie, was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete, the production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location. The film went on to financial and critical acclaim, earning $173 million worldwide and it received several awards and award nominations. The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed, and was cited as of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years and it has since earned cult status. Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors and these sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success, as they exploited clichés upon which films in the genre had become reliant. Screams success spawned a series of sequels, though only Scream 2, released in 1997, in the years following the release of Scream, the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders. High school student Casey Becker receives a phone call from an unknown person, asking her. The situation quickly escalates as the caller turns sadistic and threatens her life and he reveals that her boyfriend Steve Orth is being held hostage. After Casey fails to answer a question correctly about horror films, when Casey refuses to cooperate with the caller, she is attacked and murdered by a masked killer. Her parents come home to find her hanging from a tree. The following day, the news media descend on the town, meanwhile, Sidney Prescott struggles with the impending first anniversary of her mothers murder by Cotton Weary. While waiting at home for her friend, Tatum Riley, Sidney receives a phone call. After she hangs up she is attacked by the killer, Sidneys boyfriend, Billy Loomis, arrives shortly after, but after he drops his cell phone, Sidney suspects him of making the call and flees. Billy is arrested and Sidney spends the night at Tatums house, Billy is released the next day. Suspicion has shifted to Sidneys father, Neil Prescott, as the calls have been traced to his phone, School is suspended in the wake of the murders
32.
Teaching Mrs. Tingle
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Teaching Mrs. Tingle is a 1999 American dark comedy thriller film and the directing debut of the films screenwriter Kevin Williamson. The film follows a trio of seniors who must prove their innocence to their history teacher. Williamson originally shelved the script, before the success of his projects, including Dawsons Creek, Scream. Following this, the script was picked up. The film stars Helen Mirren, Katie Holmes, Marisa Coughlan, Barry Watson and it was originally titled Killing Mrs. Tingle, but was delayed and re-titled due to the uproar over teen violence in films after the Columbine High School massacre. The film received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb. It has since gained a cult following. Leigh Ann Watson is a school student living in a small sleepy town of Grandsboro in Northern California with her single mother Faye who works as a waitress. Leigh Anns aim is to achieve top grades to become valedictorian, however, her grade in history class is threatened by her sadistic and thoroughly vindictive teacher, Mrs. Eve Tingle. Mrs. Tingle has a dislike for Leigh Ann and down-grades Leigh Anns well-designed, though slightly misfired. Fellow student Luke Churner takes the exam papers from Tingle. He offers Leigh Ann, whom he has feelings for, the papers, ultimately, Luke stashes the papers in Leigh Anns backpack without her consent. Out of nowhere Tingle happens by, discovers the papers in Leigh Anns backpack, Mrs. Tingle heads to Principal Potters office, however he has left for the day and decides to tell him tomorrow morning. This gives Leigh Ann, her best friend, Jo Lynn Jordan, an actress who has feelings for Luke. Leigh Ann, Jo Lynn, and Luke head to Mrs. Tingles house that night, Mrs. Tingle, however, refuses to listen and hints that she believes them but doesnt care. Luke picks up a crossbow and aims it at Mrs. Tingle. A physical struggle ensues, the crossbow goes off, and in the ensuing mêlée Mrs. Tingle is accidentally knocked unconscious, the students panic and tie Mrs. Tingle to her bed. Leigh Ann returns to her house and promises to return in the morning, while Luke, while under Jo Lynns watch, Mrs. Tingle regains consciousness and playing on her guilt, Mrs. Tingle feigns dizziness and understanding for the prank and asks to be untied
33.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
