1.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
2.
Psychedelic rock
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Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often used indiscriminately. Musically, the effects may be represented via novelty studio tricks, electronic or non-Western instrumentation, disjunctive song structures, some of the earlier 1960s psychedelic rock musicians were based in folk, jazz, and the blues, while others showcased an explicit Indian classical influence called raga rock. In the 1960s, there existed two main variants of the genre, the whimsical British pop-psychedelia, and the harder American West Coast acid rock. While acid rock is often deployed interchangeably with the psychedelic rock, it can also refer more specifically to the heavier. The genre bridged the transition from early blues- and folk-based rock to rock and hard rock. Since the late 1970s it has revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia. The term psychedelic was first coined in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as a descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy. As the countercultural scene developed in San Francisco, the acid rock. In the popular music of the early 1960s, it was common for producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with form, arrangements, unnatural reverb. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spectors Wall of Sound production formula, there was no transition to be made. You go from things like Flying Purple People Eater to I Am the Walrus, music critic Richie Unterberger says that attempts to pin down the first psychedelic record are therefore nearly as elusive as trying to name the first rock & roll record. Some of the far-fetched claims include the instrumental Telstar and the Dave Clark Fives massively reverb-laden Any Way You Want It, the first mention of LSD on a rock record was the Gamblers 1960 surf instrumental LSD25. American folk singer Bob Dylan was an influence on mid 1960s rock music. He led directly to the creation of rock and the psychedelic rock musicians that followed. Molly Longman of mic. com writes that, in terms of bridging the relationship between music and hallucinogens, the Beatles and the Beach Boys were the eras most pivotal acts. The considerable success enjoyed by these two bands allowed them the freedom to experiment with new technology over entire albums. In Unterbergers opinion, the Byrds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, with their ominous minor key melodies, hyperactive instrumental breaks, and use of Gregorian chants. In the songs lyric, the requests, Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship
3.
Experimental rock
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Experimental rock is a subgenre of rock music which pushes the boundaries of common composition and performance technique or which experiments with the basic elements of the genre. From its inception, rock music was experimental, but it wasnt until the late 1960s that rock artists began creating extended, in 1967, the genre was as commercially viable as pop music, but by 1970, most of its leading players had incapacitated themselves in some form. In Germany, the krautrock subgenre merged elements of improvisation and psychedelic rock with avant-garde, later in the 1970s, significant musical crossbreeding took place in tandem with the developments of punk and new wave, DIY experimentation, and electronic music. Funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music. The first wave of 1980s experimental rock groups had few precedents for their sound. Later in the decade, avant-rock pursued a psychedelic aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, during the 1990s, a loose movement known as post-rock became the dominant form of experimental rock. As of the 2010s, the experimental rock has fallen to indiscriminate use, with virtually every modern rock band being categorized under prefixes such as post-, kraut-, psych-. Although experimentation had always existed in music, it wasnt until the late 1960s that new openings were created from the aesthetic intersecting with the social. In 1966, the boundaries between pop music and the avant-garde began to blur as rock albums were conceived and executed as distinct, self-taught rock musicians in the middle and late 1960s drew from the work of composers such as John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Luciano Berio. In addition, The Quietus Ben Graham described duos the Silver Apples, calling attention to the very recordedness of the album. This would also be reflected in contemporary experimental rock LPs, such as the Beach Boys Pet Sounds and Smile, the Whos The Who Sell Out and Tommy. The Velvet Underground were a group in experimental rock, according to Rosenberg. Peppers inspired a new consideration for experimental rock as commercially viable music, as progressive rock developed, experimental rock acquired notoriety alongside art rock. By 1970, most of the musicians which had been at the forefront of rock had incapacitated themselves. Groups such as Can, Faust, Neu, the ideas of minimalism and composers such as Stockhausen would be particularly influential. During this era, funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music, some groups who were categorized as post-punk considered themselves part of an experimental rock trajectory, with This Heat as one of the prominent players. Anderson claims that the no wave scene represented New York’s last stylistically cohesive avant-rock movement, steve Redhead noted the resuscitation of New Yorks avant-rock scene, including artists such as Sonic Youth and John Zorn, in the 1980s. In the late 1980s, avant-rock pursued a frazzled, psychedelia-tinged, blissed out aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, the UK shoegaze scene was seen by some as a continuation of an experimental rock tradition
4.
EMI
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EMI was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, other members of the Sony consortium include the Estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and Abu Dhabi–owned investment fund Mubadala Development Company. The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording, the companys gramophone manufacturing led to forty years of success with larger-scale electronics and electrical engineering. He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental H2S radar set, post-war, the company resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the BBCs second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC, the commercial television ITV companies also used them alongside cameras made by Pye and Marconi. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, the company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of photomultipliers. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, in 1958 the EMIDEC1100, the UKs first commercially available all-transistor computer, was developed at Hayes under the leadership of Godfrey Hounsfield, an electrical engineer at EMI. In 1973 EMI was awarded a prestigious Queens Award for Technological Innovation for what was called the EMI scanner. After brief, but brilliant, success in the imaging field, EMIs manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies. Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley. Emihus Electronics, based in Glenrothes, Scotland, was owned 51% by Hughes Aircraft, of California, US and it manufactured integrated circuits electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held calculators under the Gemini name. Early in its life, the Gramophone Company established subsidiary operations in a number of countries in the British Commonwealth, including India, Australia. Over 150,000 78-rpm recordings from around the world are held in EMIs temperature-controlled archive in Hayes, in 1931, the year the company was formed, it opened the legendary recording studios at Abbey Road, London. During the 1930s and 1940s, its roster of artists included Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar, during this time EMI appointed its first A&R managers. These included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI fold. When the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1931, at this point RCA had a majority shareholding in the new company, giving RCA chair David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board
5.
Capitol Records
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Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
6.
ATO Records
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ATO Records is an American independent record label based in New York City. The label was founded in 2000 by Dave Matthews and manager Coran Capshaw, ATO is currently distributed in the USA by Caroline Distribution and by PIAS Group in Europe. The first of ATOs successes was David Gray, in 2000, the label released his album White Ladder – which contained the hit single Babylon – through a joint venture with RCA Records. White Ladder was a critical and commercial success in the U. S. where it was certified Platinum for sales of one million units and it earned Gray a GRAMMY nomination in the Best New Artist category in 2002. ATO dissolved its relationship with RCA Records in 2006, becoming fully independent, during this period, the label hired in-house marketing, radio, and sales personnel and began working more closely with its sister company, Red Light Management. Released in April 2012, Alabama Shakes’ debut album, Boys & Girls, was named as one of the year’s best albums by many publications, including Rolling Stone, the band received three GRAMMY nominations including Best New Artist and Best Rock Performance. In addition, Boys & Girls was nominated for Best Recording Package, the album sold more than one million units in the U. S. achieving Platinum status. Following its success with Alabama Shakes, ATO branched out other genres, including indie-rock, singer-songwriter, punk, neo-soul. Old Crow Medicine Show won the GRAMMY for Best Folk Album in 2014, in 2015, Alabama Shakes’ second album, Sound & Color, debuted at No.1 on the Billboard 200. It earned the band three GRAMMY awards, including Best Alternative Music Album, and was certified Gold by the RIAA, selling over 500,000 units in the U. S. The rising sister trio Joseph hit No.1 at AAA radio and No.1 on Billboards Adult Alternative Songs radio airplay chart with its single “White Flag in October 2016. Their debut album I’m Alone, No You’re Not debuted at #1 on Billboard’s Heatseekers Chart, following performances on “The Ellen DeGeneres Show, ” “Later. with Jools Holland” and NPR’s “Tiny Desk. ”Later that year, Margaret Glaspy’s debut album Emotions and Math was recognized by several Year End lists, including Jon Pareles’ New York Times Best Albums of 2016. ATO Records has won six A2IM Liberia Awards and has been nominated for a total of 14 over the past five years, ATO Records also distributes releases by Phish, Jerry Garcia, and Ween
7.
MPL Communications
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MPL Communications is the holding company for the business interests of Paul McCartney. In addition to handling McCartneys post-Beatles work, MPL is one of the worlds largest privately owned music publishers through its acquisition of other publishing companies. MPL is based in London and New York City, when it bought the rights to a film adaptation of Rupert Bear on 11 April 1970, the day after the Beatles broke up. McCartney stayed with Apple Records until it folded in 1975, the first mention of MPL appeared on Wings 1975 LP Venus and Mars. S. I Love You in its catalogue, MPL also controls 25 subsidiary companies. McCartneys second eldest daughter, photographer and photo editor Mary McCartney, in October 2006, the Trademark Registry in London reported that MPL Communications had started a process to trademark McCartneys name on saleable goods. Category, Music published by MPL Music Publishing Official website
8.
MapleMusic Recordings
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MapleMusic is a Canadian independent record label founded by Andy Maize, Jeff Maize, Mike Alkier, Evan Hu and Grant Dexter in 1999 and based in Toronto, Ontario. Other investors include Gary Slaight, Michael Burke and Universal Music, in 2016, MapleMusic changed its name to Cadence Music Group. The MapleMusic Recordings label is a project of Andy Maize from Canadian roots rock band Skydiggers, MapleMusic released three Radiohead albums In Rainbows, The King of Limbs and TKOL RMX1234567 in Canada, along with ATO in the US and XL in the UK. MapleMusic Recordings brick and mortar business is distributed and marketed in Canada by Universal Music Canada, in 2015, Iain Taylor became CEO of MapleMusic. In March 2016, the label announced it had changed its name to Cadence Music Group, the Juno Awards are presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. The Polaris Music Prize is a given to the best Canadian full-length album based solely on artistic merit. List of record labels Music of Canada MapleMusic Recordings, the record label MapleMusic. com, the e-commerce portal
9.
Paul McCartney
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Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained fame with the rock band the Beatles, largely considered the most popular. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era, after the bands break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time, More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings 1977 release Mull of Kintyre is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1965, McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music. He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty. He has married three times and is the father of five children, James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia, had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James McCartney, was absent from his sons birth due to his work as a firefighter during World War II. Paul has one brother, Michael. Though the children were baptised in their mothers Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his home in Speke. The two quickly became friends, McCartney later admitted, I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger. McCartneys mother Mary was a midwife and the primary wage earner, her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton. She rode a bicycle to her patients, McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning streets, on 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartneys loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, McCartneys father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Macs Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept a piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons
10.
Youth (musician and producer)
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Martin Glover, known by his stage name Youth, is a record producer and a founding member and bassist of Killing Joke. He is a member of The Fireman, along with Paul McCartney, Glover was born in Farnworth, Lancashire. Between the ages of 11 and 17, he attended the boarding school Kingham Hill School. Naming himself Pig Youth after the reggae chanter Big Youth in 1977 he joined punk band The Rage, later he joined 4 Be 2 - a band formed by John Lydons brother Jimmy Lydon - and recorded the One of the Lads single with them. Youth is most famous for being the player in Killing Joke. He left the band in 1982, and soon founded his own commercially orientated dub funk band Brilliant. In 1989, Youth and Alex Paterson started the WAU, youths connections with dub continued in the mid-1990s when he was asked by Adrian Sherwood to remix some of Bim Shermans tracks for a reworking of the Miracle album. He also recently appeared on a Ted Parsons/NIC dub album, contributing a remix which opens with a sample from Glen Browns Version 78, in the early nineties, Youth formed techno and house music duo Blue Pearl together with American singer Durga McBroom. They scored a handful of hit singles including their blue vinyl debut Naked In The Rain and it was followed by Little Brother and Feel the Passion. An album, Naked, was also released, youths Butterfly Records label has produced artists such as Take That, Wet Wet Wet, Tom Jones, The Orb, System 7, Maria McKee and Heather Nova. Youth was the co-producer of The Verves Urban Hymns and Dolores ORiordans Are You Listening. He has also worked, produced and remixed for bands including Kate Bush, Guns N Roses, Primal Scream, Embrace, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Art of Noise, Crowded House, Zoe, P. M. Dawn, Yazoo, Erasure, U2, Bananarama, INXS, James, Suns of Arqa, Depeche Mode, The Shamen, Youth had also made plans to work with Duran Duran in the later stages of their lost album Reportage, before it was shelved later in 2006. In 2008, Youth produced the Delays album Everythings the Rush, in 2013, Glover produced the debut album Collective by the DIY indie rock band Echotape, followed by Meteorites by Echo and the Bunnymen and Lion by Peter Murphy. The following year, Glover produced Culture Clubs new album Tribes, also in 2008, Youth rejoined Killing Joke and is presently with them on bass. He is credited with founding the first psychedelic trance label, Dragonfly Records, as well as the Liquid Sound Design. He is well known on the trance scene, collaborating with Simon Posford and Saul Davies as Celtic Cross, with Greg Hunter and Simon Posford as Dub Trees. He has performed both full-on trance as well as chill-out DJ sets at several Return to the Source parties and his Butterfly Studios were also home of the Return to the Source offices circa 1999-2002
11.
Electric Arguments
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Electric Arguments is the third album by The Fireman, an experimental music duo consisting of Paul McCartney and producer Youth. The album was first announced 29 September 2008, on Paul McCartneys website and it is the first Fireman release to be publicly acknowledged by McCartney, and the album cover features the names of both contributors. Unlike the earlier Fireman albums, Electric Arguments features prominent vocals, each of the songs was recorded in one day, the album itself being completed in only thirteen days, spread over the course of a year. The album includes the hidden track Road Trip, at the end of Dont Stop Running, remixes of Lifelong Passion were made, titled Sawain Ambient Acapella and Sawain Instrumental Dub. Instrumental mixes of Sun Is Shining and Traveling Light were made, titled Equinox Instrumental and Travelling Light Instrumental, Instrumental dub mixes were made of Sing the Changes and Dont Stop Running, titled Morning Mist Instrumental Dub and Wickerman Ambient Dub, respectively. The duo borrowed the title Electric Arguments from the poem Kansas City to St. Louis by Allen Ginsberg, in Wired magazine, McCartney stated this was because hes been looking at the beauty of word combinations rather than their meaning. Electric Arguments debuted at number 79 on the UK Album Charts, the duo also made their inaugural appearance on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 67. Electric Arguments was acclaimed by critics, cited as one of the best albums of 2008, according to reviews aggregator Metacritic, the album rated 74 out of 100, indicating a generally favourable critical reception, based on 23 reviews. Less impressed, Alex Macpherson of The Guardian described the album as heavily laboured hackwork, all songs written by Paul McCartney. Nothing Too Much Just Out of Sight –4,55 An edited version premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 29 September 2008. –5,52 Lovers in a Dream –5,22 Universal Here, a bonus track titled Road Trip, according to the copyright registrants, begins at 7,57. Disc 2 – bonus tracks The 7-track bonus disc, all tracks written by Paul McCartney. Disc 3 – DVD - Hi-definition audio recordings The music videos, disc 4 – DVD - Multi-track session files Multi-track session files. All tracks written by Paul McCartney, Paul McCartney – Fireman – official album website Paul McCartney Q&A, Behind the Firemans New Psych-Pop Gem
12.
Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest
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Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest is a 1993 ambient techno album by The Fireman, a duo consisting of Paul McCartney and producer Youth, who is best known as a member of Killing Joke and the Orb. Neither McCartney nor Youth are credited on the album, rumours of McCartneys involvement were eventually confirmed by EMI, the project began when McCartney asked Youth to remix several tracks from McCartneys Off the Ground album for use on possible 12 singles. Regarding the project, Youth has stated, I didnt think it appropriate to any of the Off the Ground tracks the way Id been briefed. I thought it would be better to do a more conceptual thing - that is, rather than remix a track I thought we should deconstruct the album into samples and he was into it, so I went for it. Eventually, McCartney decided to join Youth in the studio to create new music to add to the tapestry along with the samples. Although originally conceived as a series of 12 remixes, McCartney became so enamoured with the results of the sessions that the project became this full-length album, truly, we live in an age of miracles. Eschewing the easy option of making an album, McCartney and his collaborator. They take a melody and, with dexterous genre-hopping through ambient, trance and house, like snowflakes, each song seems identical to the last, until closer inspection reveals that it has its own unique shape. Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest was released in the UK on 15 November 1993, the album, released on Parlophone in the UK, and Capitol in the US. Transpiritual Stomp was released as a 12 single, with Arizona Light Mix as the B-side, all songs written by The Fireman
13.
Rushes (album)
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Rushes is a 1998 ambient techno album by The Fireman, a duo composed of Paul McCartney and producer Youth. One line of lyrics included in the song Palo Verde was taken from a track of McCartneys. Similarly, bits from another unreleased song, Hey Now, was used in Bison, both unreleased tracks were recorded at some point during 1995, at McCartneys The Mill studio. In an edition of Club Sandwich magazine, two songs were mentioned, Plum Jam and Through the Marshes. All of the featured on the album were recorded early 1998. Better received than predecessor Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest, Rushes is distinguished by not relying so much on McCartneys previous recordings, Rushes was released in the UK on Hydra on 21 September 1998, while in the US it was released on 20 October 1998. The album was released on double vinyl and has become a rare collectors piece over the years. Two 12 singles were released from the album, both mixes of Fluid. The first 12, released on the day as and with the same name as the album, contains the tracks Fluid, Appletree Cinnabar Amber. This release came in a clear 12 sleeve and was packed with a poster featuring an image of a naked lady. This image was printed on one of the sleeves of the full album. Copies of this 12 EP are extremely rare and are sought after collectors items, furthermore, there are even fewer copies left in existence that still have the poster included. The second 12 was released in 1999, as an edition of 3000, titled Fluid. Like the duos first album, Rushes was a no-show on the charts and is no longer in print. All songs written by The Fireman. Watercolour Guitars –5,48 Palo Verde –11,56 Auraveda –12,51 Fluid –11,19 Appletree Cinnabar Amber –7,12 Bison –2,407 a. m. –7,49 Watercolour Rush –1,45 Footnotes Citations
14.
Liverpool Sound Collage
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Liverpool Sound Collage is an ambient electronic album by Paul McCartney, which is also credited to the Beatles, Super Furry Animals and Youth. McCartney had previously released two projects with Youth under the moniker the Fireman and he also can be heard walking the streets and asking various pedestrians to give their impressions of Liverpool and the Beatles. The album also incorporates chopped up beats and digital manipulation of assorted sound clips, Liverpool Sound Collage was nominated for the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album
15.
Sirius XM Holdings
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The company also has a major investment in Canada called SiriusXM Canada, an affiliate company that provides Sirius and XM service in Canada. At the end of 2013, Sirius reorganized their corporate structure, the merger brought the combined companies a total of more than 18.5 million subscribers based on current subscriber numbers on the date of merging. The deal was valued at $3.3 billion, not including debt, through Q32016, Sirius XM has 31 million subscribers. The proposed merger was opposed by those who felt a merger would create a monopoly, Sirius and XM argued that a merger was the only way that satellite radio could survive. Sirius Satellite Radio was founded by Martine Rothblatt, David Margolese, in 1990, Rothblatt founded Satellite CD Radio in Washington, DC. The company was the first to petition the FCC to assign unused frequencies for radio broadcast. In April 1992, Rothblatt resigned as chairman and CEO to start a research foundation. Former NASA engineer Briskman, who designed the companys technology, was then appointed chairman. Six months later, in November 1992, Rogers Wireless co-founder Margolese, in 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and effectively created the industry, the FCC also sold a license to XM Satellite Radio, which followed Siriuss example. Joe Clayton, former CEO of Global Crossing, followed as CEO from November 2001 until November 2004, Clayton stayed on as chairman until July 2008. Mel Karmazin, former president of Viacom, became CEO in November 2004, following the Allocation NPRM, the FCC established a December 15,1992 cut-off date for applications proposing satellite DARS to be considered in conjunction with CD Radios application. One such application came from American Mobile Radio Corporation the predecessor company to XM Satellite Radio, XM Satellite Radio was founded by Lon Levin and Gary Parsons. Its planned financing was complete by July 2000, at which point XM had raised $1.26 billion and secured installation agreements with General Motors, Honda and Toyota. Initially scheduled for September 12,2001, XMs service start date was postponed due to the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, XM Satellite Radios first broadcast was on September 25,2001, nearly four months before Sirius. Gary Parsons served as chairman of XM Satellite Radio from its inception through the merger, Hugh Panero served as XMs CEO from 1998 until July 2007, shortly after the merger with Sirius was proposed. Nate Davis was appointed interim CEO until the merger was completed, at which point Sirius CEO Mel Karmazin took over as CEO of the merged company. After years of speculation, and three months of negotiations, the $13 billion merger between Sirius and XM was officially announced on February 19,2007. At the time, the only two satellite radio providers reported nearly 14 million combined subscribers, with neither having turned an annual profit
16.
Sussex
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Sussex, from the Old English Sūþsēaxe, is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. Brighton and Hove was created as an authority in 1997. Until then, Chichester was Sussexs only city, Sussex has three main geographic sub-regions, each oriented approximately east to west. In the south-west is the fertile and densely populated coastal plain, North of this are the rolling chalk hills of the South Downs, beyond which is the well-wooded Sussex Weald. The name derives from the Kingdom of Sussex, which was founded, according to legend, in 825, it was absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex and subsequently into the kingdom of England. It was the home of some of Europes earliest hominids, whose remains have been found at Boxgrove, in 1974, the Lord-Lieutenant of Sussex was replaced with one each for East and West Sussex, which became separate ceremonial counties. Sussex continues to be recognised as a territory and cultural region. It has had a police force since 1968 and its name is in common use in the media. In 2007, Sussex Day was created to celebrate the rich culture. Based on the emblem of Sussex, a blue shield with six gold martlets. In 2013, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government Eric Pickles formally recognised and acknowledged the existence of Englands 39 historic counties. The name Sussex is derived from the Middle English Suth-sæxe, which is in turn derived from the Old English Suth-Seaxe which means of the South Saxons, the South Saxons were a Germanic tribe that settled in the region from the North German Plain during the 5th and 6th centuries. The earliest known usage of the term South Saxons is in a charter of 689 which names them and their king, Noðhelm. The monastic chronicler who wrote up the entry classifying the invasion seems to have got his dates wrong, the New Latin word Suthsexia was used for Sussex by Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu in his 1645 map. Three United States counties, and a former division of Western Australia, are named after Sussex. The flag of Sussex consists of six gold martlets, or heraldic swallows, on a background, blazoned as Azure. Officially recognised by the Flag Institute on 20 May 2011, its design is based on the shield of Sussex. The first known recording of this emblem being used to represent the county was in 1611 when cartographer John Speed deployed it to represent the Kingdom of the South Saxons
17.
Off the Ground
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Off the Ground is the ninth solo studio album by Paul McCartney under his own name, released in 1993. As his first studio album of the 1990s, it is also the follow-up to the well-received Flowers in the Dirt, after planning another world tour simply entitled The New World Tour in 1993 to promote the album, McCartney opted to record Off the Ground with his touring band. Blair Cunningham joined on drums to replace Chris Whitten, who departed to join Dire Straits and this approach gave a new, raw and direct feel to the work, but was not overly liked by critics. The compositions also seemed less complex than on Flowers in the Dirt, mistress and Maid and The Lovers That Never Were, which emerged from McCartneys songwriting collaboration with Elvis Costello, made their appearance on this album. Unlike Flowers in the Dirt, however, Costello did not appear on Off the Ground, the first two songs taped were Biker Like an Icon and Peace in the Neighbourhood, both derived from some album rehearsals in November 1991. McCartneys increased interest in social issues came to prominence on this album, the B-side Big Boys Bickering lambasted politicians, with the phrase Big boys bickering, fucking it up for everyone showing a more aggressive side to McCartney. The CD hidden track, an excerpt of Cosmically Conscious, was originally written by McCartney in 1968 during The Beatles stay in Rishikesh. A full length version of the recording was released as the B-side of the Off the Ground single and later included on Off the Ground, the lead single, Hope of Deliverance, was released in the last week of December 1992 and the album followed on 2 February 1993. Off the Ground was the first Paul McCartney album to not contain a sizeable US hit single since Wings Wild Life in 1971, the albums first single barely reached number 18 in the UK, where CMon People became a minor hit as well. In the US, the title track also entered the Adult Contemporary chart at number 27. Singles from Off the Ground floundered on the US and the UK charts, however, Hope of Deliverance achieved commercial success elsewhere. In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number 5 and quickly fell off the chart. In the United States, it peaked at the number 17 on the Billboard 200 with the sales of only 53,000 copies. Although it met with mixed reviews critics and suffered from lackluster sales in the UK and North America. In some countries like France and Japan, it was able to surpass its predecessor Flowers in the Dirt in cumulative sales. In Germany, Off the Ground has been McCartneys best-selling album there, spending 20 weeks on the top-ten, some weeks after its release, McCartney launched The New World Tour, taking in many successful shows across the globe during the summer months. These gigs were documented on the album Paul Is Live, which followed at the end of 1993, the feet on the album cover are of McCartney, his wife Linda and his touring band. All tracks written by Paul McCartney, except where noted, off the Ground, The Complete Works is a two-disc set released in Germany and the Netherlands
18.
Linda McCartney
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Linda Louise, Lady McCartney was an American musician, photographer, animal rights activist, entrepreneur and publisher who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles. Prior to marrying Paul, she was a photographer of celebrities and contemporary musicians. Her photos were published in the book Linda McCartneys Sixties, Portrait of an Era. Linda married McCartney in 1969 at St Johns Wood Church in London and her daughter, Heather Louise, from her first marriage to Melville See, was adopted by her new husband. Together, the McCartneys had three other children, in 1971, after they married and following the break-up of the Beatles the previous year, Paul and Linda McCartney recorded the album Ram. Shortly afterwards, they formed the band Wings and she continued to be part of her husbands touring band following Wings break-up in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993. She was a rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks. In 1995 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease in 1998 at the age of 56, McCartney was born Linda Louise Eastman, the second-eldest of four children, in New York City. She had one brother, John, born in 1939. Her father, Leopold Vail Epstein, was born in 1910 to Jewish Russian immigrants and he later changed his name to Lee Eastman. At her fathers request, Lawrence wrote the song Linda when McCartney was four, the song was recorded by Buddy Clark in 1947 and went to number 1 on the charts. It was again recorded in 1963 by Jan and Dean, McCartneys mother, Louise Sara Eastman, was from a German Jewish family and was the daughter of Max J. Lindner—founder of the Lindner Company clothing store in Cleveland, Ohio. McCartney grew up in the affluent Scarsdale town of Westchester County, New York, following high school, McCartney attended Vermont College, receiving an Associate of Arts degree in 1961. While her brother John followed in his fathers footsteps, also going to Harvard to study law, Linda was less ambitious and avoided such intellectual pursuits. She was considered the sheep of the family, who lacked serious academic desires. Nature and animals were her primary interests, John later became Paul McCartneys attorney and manager. After graduating from Vermont College, she attended the University of Arizona, while there, McCartneys mother died in the 1962 crash of American Airlines Flight 1 in Queens, New York. McCartney later said that because of her mothers death, she hated travelling by air, in Arizona she took up nature photography as a hobby
19.
Ambient techno
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Intelligent dance music is a genre of electronic music that emerged in the early 1990s. Its creation was influenced by developments in dance music such as Detroit techno. Stylistically, IDM tended to rely upon individualistic experimentation rather than adhering to musical characteristics associated with specific genres of dance music, the range of post-techno styles that emerged in the early 1990s were described variously as art techno, ambient techno, intelligent techno, and electronica. In the United States, the latter is used as a catchall term to describe not only downtempo or downbeat/non-dance electronic music. In 2014, music critic Sasha Frere-Jones observed that the term is widely reviled and he regards UK acts Aphex Twin and Autechre as central to the evolution of the genre. In 1992, Warp released Artificial Intelligence, the first album in the Artificial Intelligence series. Subtitled electronic listening music from Warp, the record was a collection of tracks from such as Autechre, B12, The Black Dog, Aphex Twin and The Orb. Steve Beckett, co-owner of Warp, has said the music that the label was releasing then was targeting a post-club. At the same time, the UK market was saturated with increasingly frenetic breakbeat, in 1993, a number of new intelligent techno/electronica record labels emerged, including New Electronica, Mille Plateaux, 100% Pure, and Ferox Records. In November 1991, the phrase intelligent techno appeared on Usenet in reference to Coils The Snow EP. Off the Internet, the phrase appeared in both the U. S. & UK music press in late 1992, in reference to Jam & Spoons Tales from a Danceographic Ocean. Another instance of the phrase appeared on Usenet in April 1993 in reference to The Black Dogs album Bytes, the first message, sent on 1 August 1993, was entitled Can Dumb People Enjoy IDM, Too. Kirk and The Future Sound of London, and even artists like System 7, William Orbit, Sabres of Paradise, Orbital, Plastikman and Björk. By the end of 1996, Boards of Canada and the Schematic Records label were among the topics of discussion, alongside perennial favorites like Aphex Twin. As of 2015, the mailing list is still active, warps second Artificial Intelligence compilation was released in 1994. The album featured fragments of posts from the IDM mailing list incorporated into typographic artwork by The Designers Republic, sleeve notes by David Toop acknowledged the genres multitude of musical and cultural influences and suggested none should be considered more important than any other. Lesser-known artists on the Likemind label and Kirk Degiorgios A. R. T, in the mid-1990s, North American audiences welcomed IDM, and many IDM record labels were founded, including Drop Beat, Isophlux, Suction, Schematic and Cytrax. In Miami, Florida, labels like Schematic, Merck Records, Nophi Recordings and The Beta Bodega Coalition released material by such as Phoenecia, Dino Felipe, Machinedrum
20.
Allen Ginsberg
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Irwin Allen Ginsberg was an American poet of Jewish origin, and one of the leading figures of both the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the counterculture that soon would follow. He was one of many influential American writers of his known as the Beat Generation. Ginsberg is best known for his poem Howl, in which he denounced what he saw as the forces of capitalism. In 1956, Howl was seized by San Francisco police and US Customs. S, Howl reflected Ginsbergs own homosexuality and his relationships with a number of men, including Peter Orlovsky, his lifelong partner. Judge Clayton W. Horn ruled that Howl was not obscene, adding, Ginsberg was a practicing Buddhist who studied Eastern religious disciplines extensively. He lived modestly, buying his clothing in stores and residing in downscale apartments in New York’s East Village. One of his most influential teachers was the Tibetan Buddhist the Venerable Chögyam Trungpa, at Trungpas urging, Ginsberg and poet Anne Waldman started The Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics there in 1974. Ginsberg took part in decades of non-violent political protest against everything from the Vietnam War to the War on Drugs and his collection The Fall of America shared the annual U. S. National Book Award for Poetry in 1974. In 1979 he received the National Arts Club gold medal and was inducted into the American Academy and Institute of Arts, Ginsberg was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 1995 for his book Cosmopolitan Greetings, Poems 1986–1992. Ginsberg was born into a Jewish family in Newark, New Jersey, as a young teenager, Ginsberg began to write letters to The New York Times about political issues, such as World War II and workers rights. While in high school, Ginsberg began reading Walt Whitman, inspired by his teachers passionate reading, in 1945, he joined the Merchant Marines to earn money to continue his education at Columbia. Ginsberg has stated that he considered the required freshman seminar to be his favorite course while at Columbia University and its subject was The Great Books and was taught by Lionel Trilling. According to The Poetry Foundation, Ginsberg spent several months in an institution after he pleaded insanity during a hearing. He was allegedly being prosecuted for harboring stolen goods in his dorm room and it was noted that the stolen property was not his, but belonged to an acquaintance. Ginsberg referred to his parents, in a 1985 interview, as old-fashioned delicatessen philosophers and his father Louis Ginsberg was a published poet and a high school teacher. Ginsbergs mother, Naomi Livergant Ginsberg, was affected by an illness that was never properly diagnosed. She was also a member of the Communist Party and took Ginsberg. Ginsberg later said that his mother made up stories that all went something like, The good king rode forth from his castle, saw the suffering workers
21.
Wired (magazine)
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Wired is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics. Owned by Condé Nast, it is headquartered in San Francisco, California, several spin-offs have been launched including, Wired UK, Wired Italia, Wired Japan and Wired Germany. In its earliest colophons, Wired credited Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan as its patron saint, from its beginning, the strongest influence on the magazines editorial outlook came from techno-utopian co-founder Stewart Brand and his associate Kevin Kelly. From 1998 to 2006, Wired magazine and Wired News had separate owners, however, Wired News remained responsible for republishing Wired magazines content online due to an agreement when Condé Nast purchased the magazine. In 2006, Condé Nast bought Wired News for $25 million, the founding designers were John Plunkett and Barbara Kuhr, beginning with a 1991 prototype and continuing through the first five years of publication, 1993–98. Wired, which touted itself as the Rolling Stone of technology, a great success at its launch, it was lauded for its vision, originality, innovation and cultural impact. In its first four years, the magazine won two National Magazine Awards for General Excellence and one for Design. The founding executive editor of Wired, Kevin Kelly, was an editor of the Whole Earth Catalog and the Whole Earth Review, six authors of the first Wired issue had written for Whole Earth Review, most notably Bruce Sterling and Stewart Brand. However, the first issue did contain a few references to the Internet, including online-dating and Internet sex, the last page, a column written by Nicholas Negroponte, was written in the style of an e-mail message, but contained obviously fake, non-standard email addresses. Wired was among the first magazines to list the email address of its authors and contributors, associate publisher Kathleen Lyman was brought on board to launch Wired with an advertising base of major technology and consumer advertisers. The magazine was followed by a companion website HotWired, a book publishing division, HardWired, a Japanese edition. Wired UK was relaunched in April 2009, in 1994, John Battelle, co-founding editor, commissioned Jules Marshall to write a piece on the Zippies. The cover story broke records for being one of the most publicized stories of the year and was used to promote Wireds HotWired news service, HotWired spawned websites Webmonkey, the search engine HotBot, and a weblog, Suck. com. In June 1998, the magazine launched an index, The Wired Index. The fortune of the magazine and allied enterprises corresponded closely to that of the dot-com bubble, in 1996, Rossetto and the other participants in Wired Ventures attempted to take the company public with an IPO. The initial attempt had to be withdrawn in the face of a downturn in the stock market, the second try was also unsuccessful. Rossetto and Metcalfe lost control of Wired Ventures to financial investors Providence Equity Partners in May 1998, Wired was purchased by Advance Publications, who assigned it to Advances subsidiary, New York-based publisher Condé Nast Publications. Wired survived the bubble and found new direction under editor-in-chief Chris Anderson in 2001
22.
William S. Burroughs
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William Seward Burroughs II was an American writer. Burroughs was a figure of the Beat Generation and a major postmodernist author whose influence is considered to have affected a range of popular culture as well as literature. Burroughs wrote eighteen novels and novellas, six collections of short stories, five books have been published of his interviews and correspondences. He also collaborated on projects and recordings with numerous performers and musicians and he was also briefly known by the pen name William Lee. He was born into a family in St. Louis, Missouri, grandson of the inventor and founder of the Burroughs Corporation, William Seward Burroughs I. Burroughs began writing essays and journals in early adolescence, but did not begin publicizing his writing until his thirties and he left home in 1932 to attend Harvard University, studied English, and anthropology as a postgraduate, and later attended medical school in Vienna. With Brion Gysin, he popularized the literary cut-up technique in works such as The Nova Trilogy. In 1983, Burroughs was elected to the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, J. G. Burroughs had one child, William S. Burroughs, Jr. with his second wife Joan Vollmer. William Burroughs died at his home in Lawrence, Kansas, after suffering an attack in 1997. Burroughs was born in 1914, the younger of two born to Mortimer Perry Burroughs and Laura Hammon Lee. His was a prominent family of English ancestry in St. Louis and his grandfather, William Seward Burroughs I, founded the Burroughs Adding Machine company, which evolved into the Burroughs Corporation. Burroughss mother was the daughter of a minister whose family claimed to be related to Robert E. Lee and his maternal uncle, Ivy Lee, was an advertising pioneer later employed as a publicist for the Rockefellers. His father ran an antique and gift shop, Cobblestone Gardens, first in St. Louis, then in Palm Beach, as a boy, Burroughs lived on Pershing Ave. in St. Louiss Central West End. He attended John Burroughs School in St. Louis where his first published essay and he then attended the Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico, which was stressful for him. The school was a school for the wealthy, where the spindly sons of the rich could be transformed into manly specimens. Burroughs kept journals documenting an erotic attachment to another boy, according to his own account, he destroyed these later, ashamed of their content. He became a well-known homosexual writer after the publication of Naked Lunch in 1959, some say that he was expelled from Los Alamos after taking chloral hydrate in Santa Fe with a fellow student. Yet, according to his own account, he left voluntarily, Burroughs finished high school at Taylor School in Clayton, Missouri, and in 1932, left home to pursue an arts degree at Harvard University, where he was affiliated with Adams House
23.
ITunes
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ITunes is a media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It is used to play, download, and organize digital downloads of music and video on personal computers running the macOS, the iTunes Store is also available on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch. Application software for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the App Store. ITunes 12.5 is the most recent major version of iTunes, available for Mac OS X v10.9.5 or later and Windows 7 or later, it was released on September 13,2016. ITunes 12.2 added Apple Music to the application, along with the Beats 1 radio station, soundJam MP, developed by Bill Kincaid and released by Casady & Greene in 1998, was renamed iTunes when Apple purchased it in 2000. Jeff Robbin, Kincaid, and Dave Heller moved to Apple as part of the acquisition and they simplified SoundJams user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support. On January 9,2001, iTunes 1.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco, originally a Mac OS 9-only application, iTunes began to support Mac OS X when version 2.0 was released nine months later, which also added support for the original iPod. Version 3 dropped Mac OS9 support but added smart playlists, in April 2003, version 4.0 introduced the iTunes Store, in October, version 4.1 added support for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Introduced at Macworld 2005 with the new iPod Shuffle, Version 4.7, Version 7.0 introduced gapless playback and Cover Flow in September 2006. In March 2007, iTunes 7.1 added support for Windows Vista, iTunes lacked support for 64-bit versions of Windows until the 7.6 update on January 16,2008. ITunes is supported under any 64-bit version of Windows Vista, although the iTunes executable is still 32-bit, the 64-bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 are not supported by Apple, but a workaround has been devised for both operating systems. Version 8.0 added Genius playlists, grid view, iTunes 9 added Homeshare, enabling automatic updating of purchased items across other computers on the same subnet and offers a new iTunes Store UI. Genius Mixes were added, as well as improved app synchronization abilities and it also adds iTunes LPs to the store, which provides additional media with an album. Apple added iTunes Extras as well to the store, which adds content usually reserved for films on DVD, both iTunes LPs and Extras use web-standards HTML, JavaScript and CSS. iTunes acts as a front end for Apples QuickTime media framework. Officially, it is required in order to manage the data of an iPod, iPhone, or iPad. In addition, users are able to add PDF files to their library, the PDFs can be synchronized with and read on several devices except the regular iPod. iTunes 8.0 saw the removal of several options in the Preferences window. For example, iTunes once gave users the option to display arrows beside the selected songs title, artist, album and these arrows are no longer removable, except through the direct editing of a preferences file. ITunes keeps track of songs by creating a library, allowing users to access
24.
Tomorrow Never Knows
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Tomorrow Never Knows is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, released as the final track on their August 1966 album Revolver. Credited as a Lennon–McCartney song, it was primarily by John Lennon. The song has a vocal filtered through a Leslie speaker cabinet, tape loops prepared by the Beatles were mixed in and out of the Indian-inspired modal backing underpinned by a constant but non-standard drum pattern. It marked the first recorded use of reversed sounds in a pop song, rain, which was released showcasing the technique three months earlier, was recorded after. Lennon bought the book, went home, took LSD, the book held that the ego death experienced under the influence of LSD and other psychedelic drugs is essentially similar to the dying process and requires similar guidance. This is a state of being known by eastern mystics and masters as samādhi, the title never actually appears in the songs lyrics. Lennon later revealed that, like A Hard Days Night, it was taken one of Ringo Starrs malapropisms. The piece was originally titled Mark I, the Void is cited as another working title but according to Mark Lewisohn this is untrue. McCartney remembered that even though the harmony was mainly restricted to the chord of C, Martin accepted it as it was. The songs harmonic structure is derived from Indian music and is based upon a high volume C drone played by Harrison on a tamboura. The chord over the drone is generally C major, but some changes to B flat major result from vocal modulations, as well as orchestral, the song has been called the first pop song that attempted to dispense with chord changes altogether. It is not dying involves a run of three G melody notes that rise on dying to a B♭, creating a ♭VII/I slash polychord and this is a prominent device in Beatles songs such as All My Loving, Help. A Hard Days Night, Norwegian Wood, Hey Jude, Dear Prudence, Revolution, Lennon first played the song to Brian Epstein, George Martin and the other Beatles at Epsteins house at 24 Chapel Street, Belgravia, London. The 19-year-old Geoff Emerick was promoted to replace Norman Smith as engineer on the first session for the Revolver album and this started at 8 pm on 6 April 1966, in Studio Three at Abbey Road. Lennon told producer Martin that he wanted to sound like a hundred chanting Tibetan monks, the effect was achieved by using a Leslie speaker. When the concept was explained to Lennon, he inquired if the effect could be achieved by hanging him upside down. Emerick made a connector to break into the circuitry of the cabinet. The two tape machines used were not driven by electricity, but from a separate generator which put out a particular frequency
25.
Revolver (Beatles album)
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Revolver is the seventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released on 5 August 1966 in the United Kingdom, the Beatles recorded the album following a three-month break from professional commitments at the start of 1966, and during a period when London was feted as the eras cultural capital. The songs reflect the influence of drugs such as LSD. The recordings made use of instruments and studio techniques that could not be employed in their usual four-piece concert format. Aside from methods such as varispeeding, reversed tapes and close audio miking, as with other changes in studio practice introduced by Revolver, this technique was soon adopted throughout the recording industry. The sessions also produced a single, Paperback Writer backed with Rain. The record topped the UK Albums Chart for seven weeks and Americas Billboard Top LPs list for six weeks, together with the childrens novelty song Yellow Submarine, Eleanor Rigby became an international hit when issued as a double A-side single. The albums US release coincided with the Beatles final concert tour, Revolvers cover artwork, designed by Klaus Voormann, won the 1967 Grammy Award for Best Album Cover, Graphic Arts. With the restoration of the three omitted tracks for its international CD release in 1987, many music critics recognise Revolver as the Beatles best album, surpassing Sgt. The album was ranked first in Colin Larkins book All-Time Top 1000 Albums, in 2013, after the British Phonographic Industry had changed its sales award rules, Revolver was certified platinum in the UK. The album has been certified 5× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, in December 1965, the Beatles Rubber Soul album was released to wide critical acclaim. The following January, the Beatles carried out overdubs on live recordings taken from their 1965 US tour, after the Beatles vetoed the proposed film project, however, the time allocated for filming became a three-month period free of professional engagements. Through these shared experiences, the two developed a fascination for Eastern philosophical concepts, particularly regarding the illusory nature of human existence. Despite his bandmates urging, after Ringo Starr had also partaken of the drug, cleaves observations reflected the band members more sophisticated personalities beyond the simplistic portrayals that were commonplace at the time. She found Lennon to be intuitive, lazy and dissatisfied with fame and material wealth, Harrison shared this dissatisfaction, cleave considered Starr to be the most contented, as a dedicated family man, while McCartney conveyed confidence and a hunger for knowledge and new creative possibilities. In addition, Harrisons interest in the music and culture of India, according to author Ian Inglis, Revolver is widely viewed as the album on which Harrison came of age as a songwriter. According to a written by Harrison two months later, the group intended to work with Staxs in-house producer, Jim Stewart. The idea was abandoned after locals began descending on the Stax building, Recording for the album instead began at EMI Studio 3 in London on 6 April 1966, with George Martin again serving as producer
26.
Sing the Changes
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Sing the Changes is a song written by Paul McCartney from the 2008 album Electric Arguments by The Fireman, an experimental music duo comprising McCartney and Youth. The song was released as a single, with an accompanying video, the song also appears as a Downloadable Content song in the videogame Rock Band 2. McCartney performed the track with his band during his 2009 summer tour of North America. McCartney first appeared in the Ed Sullivan Theater as part of The Beatles first trip, McCartney still performs this in his concerts. The appearance on Late Show preceded McCartneys three-night concert series at Citi Field in New York City, McCartneys inauguration of Citi Field was meant to replicate his role in The Beatles and the bands similar function of being the first musical act to perform at Shea Stadium in 1965. This performance was included on McCartneys live CD/DVD Good Evening New York City. Official Video - From the McCartney YouTube channel Official website
27.
The Spokesman-Review
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The Spokesman-Review is a daily broadsheet newspaper based in Spokane, Washington, where it is the citys only daily publication. It has the third highest readership among daily newspapers in Washington, the Spokesman-Review was formed from the merger of the Spokane Falls Review and the Spokesman in 1893 and first published under the present name on June 29,1894. It later absorbed the competing paper, the Spokane Chronicle. The newspaper formerly published three editions, a metro edition covering Spokane and the areas, a Spokane Valley edition. After a large downsizing of the staff in November 2007. The Voices section still caters to the three original edition, publishing a Valley Voices, a North Spokane Voices and a South Spokane Voices, Cowles set the Chronicle on a course to be independent and The Spokesman-Review to support Republican Party causes. Time magazine related the papers success gaining lowered rates for freight carried to the Northwest United States and a park system. Increasing its reputation for local news and by opposing gambling, liquor and prostitution. The Scripps Leagues Press closed in 1939, making Cowles the only publisher in Spokane. Cowles created four weeklies, the Idaho Farmer, Washington Farmer, Oregon Farmer, when William H. Cowles Jr. succeeded his father as publisher, James Bracken received much more news and editorial control as managing editor. Despite its hometown feel, The Spokesman-Review has been known to take a moderate-to-liberal stance when it comes to opinions ranging from tackling city hall to hate groups in the region and those groups have threatened to attack the paper, and at times have made good on that promise. In 1997, three militants were tried and eventually convicted of bombing the office of The Spokesman-Review as well as an abortion clinic. The Spokesman-Review is also one of the few remaining family-owned newspapers in the United States and it is owned by Cowles Company, which also owns KHQ-TV/Spokane and The KHQ Television Group. While the newspaper wins awards, it is burdened with local critics. In particular, a issue regarding a public-private partnership wherein the Cowles family may have profited, some claim and this is referred to as the River Park Square Parking Garage issue. The newspaper underwent an independent review by the Washington News Council regarding its River Park Square coverage and was found to be at fault for its news bias, in 2004, Spokane mayor James E. West became the target of an operation conducted by The Spokesman-Review. Some journalists and academics criticized the paper for what they saw as a form of entrapment, West was later cleared of criminal charges by the FBI but not before the mayor lost a recall vote by the citizens of Spokane in December 2005
28.
Dallas Morning News
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The Dallas Morning News is a daily newspaper serving the Dallas–Fort Worth area of Texas, with an average of 271,900 daily subscribers. It was founded on October 1,1885, by Alfred Horatio Belo as a publication of the Galveston Daily News, of Galveston. Today it has one of the 20 largest paid circulations in the United States, the company has its headquarters in Downtown Dallas. The Dallas Morning News was founded in 1885 as a spin-off of the Galveston Daily News by Alfred Horatio Belo, in 1926, the Belo family sold a majority interest in the paper to its longtime publisher, George Dealey. In July 1986, the Times Herald was purchased by William Dean Singleton, after 18 months of efforts to turn the paper around, Singleton sold it to an associate. On 8 December 1991, Belo bought the Times Herald for $55 million, when Belos efforts to purchase the Herald failed, he sent George Bannerman Dealey to launch a new paper, the Morning News, which began publication on October 1,1885. From the outset the Morning News enjoyed the advantage of strong financial support and an accumulation of journalistic experience, and within a month. Historically, the Morning News has tilted conservative, mirroring Texas′ drift to the Republican Party, however, on September 7,2016 it endorsed Hillary Clinton for president, the first time it had endorsed a Democrat for president since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940. This came a day after it ran an editorial declaring Republican candidate Donald Trump not qualified to serve as president. It was the first time that the paper had refused to endorse a Republican since 1964, fresh Ink, Behind the Scenes of a Major Metropolitan Newspaper. Denton, Texas, University of North Texas Press, state of The American Newspaper, Giant. College Park, University of Maryland Foundation, official website Dallas Morning News from the Handbook of Texas Online Dallas Morning News Building Photos
29.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
30.
Paul Wickens
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Paul Wix Wickens is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and record producer. In a career spanning more than 40 years, Wickens has worked with artists including Paul McCartney, Nik Kershaw, Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, Bon Jovi, Wickens has also been a member of McCartneys touring band since 1989. In the early 1980s Wickens was a member of Woodhead Monroe, Wickens began touring with Paul McCartney in 1989. As of then, he has appeared on many of McCartneys albums and DVDs and he continues to tour with McCartney, and of the four musicians in McCartneys touring band, he has worked with McCartney the longest by a considerable margin. He also was the keyboardist and programmer for Edie Brickell & New Bohemians album, Wickens was also instrumental in making the BANDAGED album the success it was, in aid of BBC Children in Need. He attended Brentwood School, Essex where he became a friend of student, the writer Douglas Adams. Wickens composed the music for the radio productions of Adams Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. Wickens recorded a version of Nirvanas Smells Like Teen Spirit, and has also known for The Thes minor UK hit This Is the Day. Paul Wickens at the Internet Movie Database Paul Wickens at Discogs
31.
Rusty Anderson
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Rusty Anderson is an American guitarist and singer-songwriter. He is best known as the lead guitarist for Sir Paul McCartney, Anderson became a professional musician at age 14 with his first band, Eulogy. Eulogy won a local following in Los Angeles, playing with bands such as The Police, Van Halen, The Runaways, Quiet Riot, Rick Derringer, Eddie Money. Later, Anderson formed The Living Daylights, which shared the stage with Fishbone, the Living Daylights was a psychedelic/progressive rock band and Andersons first as primary songwriter. The Living Daylights put out a record on the Greenworld Label, in 1993, along with Scott Cutler and Anne Preven, Carla Azar and Paul Bushnell, Anderson formed Ednaswap. Ednaswap shared the stage with Sublime and Social Distortion, and toured as opener for No Doubt, the band released four major label records on East West and Island Records, and penned the worldwide Number One hit song Torn. For his debut solo album Undressing Underwater, Anderson invited Paul McCartney to play bass, friend and former band mate Stewart Copeland also came in to play drums on the song Catbox Beach. The album was self-produced by Anderson, along with David Kahne, Mudrock, joining with his longtime collaborator, Todd OKeefe, Anderson formed his new band Rusty Anderson Afternoon in 2013. O’Keefe is a Los Angeles musician known for his work with Ray Davies, Black Francis, OKeefe and Anderson had played together for several years in Andersons solo group, introduced variously as Rusty Anderson Band and Rusty Anderson and Friends. The band performed in cities throughout the United States, The UK, once Anderson and OKeefe began sharing songwriting and lead vocal duties it was time to pick a name for the new band. A contest was held online in 2013, fans voted for their favorite band name and the winner was “Rusty Anderson Afternoon. Now officially a band, Rusty Anderson Afternoon released their first single, “Effortless”, effortless made it to #1 at Sirius Radios “20 on 20. The bands second single, a version of the Stewart and Gouldman song “I’m Not in Love” began in rotation on “The Blend, ” a Sirius radio station, Rusty Anderson Afternoon was a featured act at SXSW2014. In addition to a performance, the band was featured at SXSWs tribute to Jimi Hendrix. Anderson and OKeefe performed Hendrixs Little Wing and Spanish Castle Magic for the debut of the United States Postal Service Jimi Hendrix Forever Stamp in Butler Park in Austin, Texas. The band also performed at the Leo Fender Museum Center in Fullerton, California in 2014, in April 2016 the band premiered its next single, Evidence on the syndicated worldwide show Passport Approved, airing on over 30 alternative radio stations. Early media responses to the record described it as most accomplished, during 2016-2017 the band performed several shows in California, including San Juan Capistrano and at Pepperdine University in Malibu. In 2001, Anderson, along with drummer Abe Laboriel Jr. got a call from producers Mo Jackson and David Kahne to play and this became the birth of the widely praised Paul McCartney Band, which Variety called as tight a unit as they come
32.
Brian Ray
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Brian Thomas Ray is an American session musician, guitarist, bassist, singer–songwriter and musical director. He is best known for his work as lead, rhythm, Brian Ray grew up in Southern California. His first musical performances were in front of his peers – at show, by the age of nine, he began playing the guitar. His elder sister Jean spurred his interest in music through her record collection. Jean invited Brian to play at the LA Troubadour when he was 15 years old and she was probably the most important and influential person in Rays early life. Kaufman took Ray in and would introduce him to singer Etta James at a rehearsal for the world-famous Troubadour. That brief introduction would lead to Rays 14-year career as Etta James musical director. While working for Etta James, Ray also shared stages with such as Keith Richards, Santana, Joe Cocker, Bonnie Raitt, John Lee Hooker. At this time he began focusing more on songwriting. Ray spent the late 1980s collaborating with such as Peter Frampton, Rita Coolidge, Michael Steele and Steve LeGassick. It was this partnership with LeGassick that would create the 1987 Smokey Robinson award-winning hit One Heartbeat. Prior to working with Paul McCartney in 2002, Ray was working on tour in France with two different French artists, Mylène Farmer and Johnny Hallyday. Abe Laboriel Jr. a drummer who had worked with Brian Ray, after meeting with McCartneys producer for Driving Rain, David Kahne, Ray joined Paul McCartney for the pre-game performance of Freedom at the NFLs Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002. Ray joined the rest of Paul McCartneys band for the Driving Rain tour in promotion of the album, in addition to being a session musician, Brian Ray has also contributed to film scores such as the soundtrack to the film Heartbreakers in 1984. In 2002, Ray and Abe Laboriel Jr. composed the score for the independent film The Failures, in 2011, Ray joined with Oliver Leiber to form The Bayonets. After decades of performing, writing and recording with artists, Brian Ray released his first solo album, Mondo Magneto. People have always asked me when I was going to do my own thing, Ray said, I guess I was just busy. Musicians on Mondo Magneto include Scott Shriner from Weezer, Davey Faragher from Elvis Costellos band, as well as Abe Laboriel, Jr. Wix Wickens and Rusty Anderson from Paul McCartneys band
33.
Abe Laboriel Jr.
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Abraham Abe Laboriel Jr. is an American session drummer. He is the son of Mexican bass guitarist Abraham Laboriel and brother of producer, songwriter. He has been the drummer for Paul McCartney as well as for the French singer Mylène Farmer, the son of jazz bass player Abraham Laboriel, Abe grew up playing drums starting at age four. His mother is a trained singer. He attended the Dick Grove School of Music, studying with Peter Donald and he also attended the Hamilton High School Academy of Music in Los Angeles in his senior year. Here he first experienced the use of programming and became a member of a marching band and he formed a jazz trio with Vernell Brown and Mike Elizondo. In 1989, he was honored by the National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts and he then enrolled at the Berklee College of Music, where he graduated in 1993. Laboriels first break as a drummer was a tour with guitarist Steve Vai and he then toured with Seal, with whom he was seen by many record producers around Los Angeles, California which led to session work. Laboriel next toured with k. d. lang for a while, the k. d. lang connection also led Laboriel to working with Paul McCartney, including McCartneys appearance during the halftime of Super Bowl XXXIX. He also toured and recorded on studio with former Menudo member, Laboriel was part of a power trio by the name of The Raging Honkies. He is part of the collective that is Chocolate Genius, Inc, in 2006 during the show Avant que lombre. à Bercy, Laboriel sang a duet Les Mots with Mylène Farmer and he also played with Sting at the Montreux Jazz Festival that year. Laboriel toured with Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood on their 14-date American Tour in 2009 following their Japanese tour the year before and he made his live debut with Paul McCartney at The Concert for New York City in 2001 and has played on every McCartney tour since then. Abe Laboriel Jr endorses Drum Workshop drums, Paiste cymbals, Remo drumheads, about his playing he noted, As much as I would love to say I have an original sound, I think the truth is I have an original filter. I’d listen so much and so hard to so many different people that what’s original about me is not necessarily what I play but how I play it, it’s more about the energy and the intensity, it’s not about the specific fills, its more about the intention. Abe Laboriel Jr. on Twitter Abe Laboriel Jr. at Squarespace Abe Laboriel Jr. at AllMusic Abe Laboriel Jr. discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs
34.
Robbie McIntosh
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Robbie McIntosh is an English guitarist. McIntosh is well known as a session guitarist and member of The Pretenders from 1982 until 1987, in 1988 he began doing session guitar work for Paul McCartney joining his band full-time until early 1994. He continues to do work and has performed both as a sideman with John Mayer and with his own band, The Robbie McIntosh Band. McIntosh was born in Sutton, Surrey, and started playing the guitar at the age of ten and he had two older sisters, and their record collections became early influences, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Kinks, The Spencer Davis Group, Jimi Hendrix etc. His fathers love of jazz was also a factor, Fats Waller, Django Reinhardt, Louis Armstrong –, at age 13, he started taking classical guitar lessons from a teacher called Michael Lewin, who later became a professor at the Royal Academy of Music. He continued through to Grade 8, lightnin Hopkins was the first blues artist that captured my imagination, Ive been besotted with blues music ever since. McIntoshs first band was called 70% Proof and they played original material and covers of Humble Pie, The Who, Free and Stevie Wonder, amongst others. The other guys in the band had all left school, so we used to rehearse on Sunday afternoons at the local dump works canteen. McIntosh took A-levels at school, and had plans to study biology at university but failed, so he joined up with older Raynes Park boys Graham and he toured and recorded with them throughout 1977, the band gradually folded in early 1978. Completely out of the blue, he received a call from Chris Thompson who at the time was the singer in Manfred Manns Earth Band. He had an outfit called Filthy McNasty who played a lot at The Bridge House, Canning Town, The Golden Lion, Fulham, in November 1978 the band went to Los Angeles to record with Richard Perry for his Planet Record label. The name of the band was changed to Night, the band toured in America for most of 1979, supporting The Doobie Brothers. Night disbanded sometime in 1980, but Thompson and McIntosh stayed together to form Chris Thompson, despite many gigs and various bouts of recording, a deal was never secured and McIntosh left at the end of 1981. Living in Kingston at the time, McIntosh formed a fun band to play local pubs called Dean Martins Dog, with Malcolm Foster, Mick Clews, Jez Wire, Rupert Black, not surprisingly it won band name of the year in Time Out magazine. Even when Id joined The Pretenders the DMD gigs continued when I could fit them in and we played a bit of everything. Sometime in 1977/78 McIntosh met and became friends with James Honeyman-Scott and it was this friendship that led Honeyman-Scott to contact McIntosh in 1982 with a view to his joining The Pretenders as an extra member to help fill out the sound of the bands live sound. Honeyman-Scott died in June 82, and Billy Bremner took over initially and he toured extensively and recorded Learning to Crawl and Get Close with the band before leaving in September 1987. In 1988, McIntosh resumed doing studio work, doing sessions with Paul McCartney, McCartney was preparing a band for his 1989-90 World Tour, and with Chrissie Hyndes endorsement, McIntosh was chosen as the lead guitarist in the new Paul McCartney Band
35.
McCartney (album)
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McCartney is the debut studio album by English musician Paul McCartney. A press release in the form of a self-interview, supplied with UK promotional copies of McCartney, apart from wife Lindas vocal contributions, McCartney performed the entire album by himself, playing every instrument. Featuring loosely arranged home recordings, McCartney explored the back-to-basics style that had been the concept for the Let It Be project in 1969. Commercially, McCartney benefited from the publicity surrounding the break-up, it held the number 1 position for three weeks on the US Billboard 200 chart and peaked at number 2 in Britain, the album was reissued in June 2011 as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection. Following John Lennons announcement in a meeting on 20 September 1969 that he wanted a divorce from the Beatles, Paul McCartney withdrew to his farm in Campbeltown. Author Robert Rodriguez describes his frame of mind as, brokenhearted, shocked, the rumour was broken only by journalists from BBC Radio and Life magazine tracking him down at his farm, High Park. McCartneys months in Scotland created an estrangement between him and his bandmates, further to the division caused by their appointment of Allen Klein as business manager in May that year. For McCartney, the period following Lennons departure was marked by a bout of severe depression, during which, in his own estimation. In his book Fab, An Intimate Life of Paul McCartney, Howard Sounes writes of the McCartneys exile at High Park and she had a seven-year-old and a baby to look after, with a husband who was depressed and drunk. She later told friends it was one of the most difficult times in her life, with Lindas encouragement, McCartney began to consider a future outside the Beatles, by writing or finishing songs for his first solo album, McCartney. McCartney and his family returned to London shortly before Christmas 1969, the recordings were carried out on a recently delivered Studer four-track tape recorder, without a mixing desk, and therefore without VU displays as a guide for recording levels. In the commentary he later supplied with the album, McCartney described his home-recording set-up as Studer, one mike, McCartney first taped a 45-second portion of a song he had written in Campbeltown, The Lovely Linda. Reflecting the sequencing on the album, the second and third songs McCartney taped were That Would Be Something, also written in Scotland, and the instrumental Valentine Day. The latter was one of three selections on McCartney that its creator ad-libbed on the spot, he claimed, along with the similarly rock-oriented Momma Miss America. The next day, the three musicians revisited McCartneys Let It Be, a recorded by the band in January 1969 for their Get Back film project. Keen to maintain secrecy about the project, McCartney worked at Morgan under the pseudonym Billy Martin. By this point, he had also taped Junk and Teddy Boy at Cavendish Avenue, among other overdubs on these eight-track mixes, McCartney supplied a vocal to the previously instrumental Oo You. Amid musical interludes featuring electric guitar, organ and piano, McCartney used a bow and arrow he purchased at the Knightsbridge department store Harrods, the latter was among the few people who knew that McCartney was making a solo album
36.
Ram (album)
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Ram is a studio album by Paul and Linda McCartney, released in May 1971 on Apple Records. The album was recorded amid Paul McCartneys legal action in the United Kingdoms High Court to dissolve the Beatles partnership and this is the only album credited to the couple. He and Linda recorded it in New York with guitarists David Spinozza and Hugh McCracken and its release coincided with a period of bitter acrimony between McCartney and his former bandmate John Lennon, who perceived verbal slights in the lyrics to songs such as Too Many People. On release, the album was received negatively by most music critics, a commercial success nonetheless, Ram topped the national albums charts in the UK, the Netherlands and Canada. Three singles were issued from Ram, Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey, which became McCartneys first number 1 hit in America, The Back Seat of My Car, the album was reissued in May 2012. Paul McCartney and his family flew to New York City in October 1970 to begin working on the follow-up to McCartney. While McCartney had featured him on every instrument, for Ram Paul decided to hold auditions for musicians, McCartney later claimed to have found Seiwell lying on a mattress one day in The Bronx. Midway through the sessions, Spinozza was replaced by Hugh McCracken when Spinozza became unavailable, the basic tracks for the album were taped at Columbias Studio B from 12 October to 20 November 1970 before the McCartneys returned to their Scottish farm for the Christmas holidays. Work continued at Studio B and A&R Recording Studios, New York, playing guitar or piano and singing at the same time, Paul chose to overdub his bass later on. Paul and Lindas daughter Heather sang backing vocals on Monkberry Moon Delight, in July 1971, Northern Songs and Maclen Music sued Paul and Linda McCartney for violating an exclusive rights agreement by collaborating on the song Another Day, released three months before Ram. Although six of the songs on Ram were also co-written with Linda. In June 1972, ATV announced that all differences between them have been settled and Paul and Linda signed a new seven-year co-publishing contract between ATV and McCartney Music. It has recently surfaced that I Lie Around, issued as the B-side to Wings 1973 single Live, also recorded was the first incarnation of Seaside Woman. The album was mixed at Sound Recorders in Los Angeles, by early 1971, the project was completed, along with Another Day and its B-side, Oh Woman, Oh Why. The song Ram On, from the albums first side, was reprised on the second side, Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey is in a similar vein to the Abbey Road medley, as the song consisted of several unfinished songs combined into one. Music videos were made for 3 Legs and Heart of the Country, from footage that was filmed on 2 January 1971, according to Peter Brown, John Lennon believed that a number of songs on Ram contained jibes aimed at him, particularly Too Many People and Dear Boy. Lennon thought the line Too many people preaching practices was directly referencing him, McCartney later claimed that only two lines in Too Many People were directed at Lennon. In one song, I wrote, Too many people preaching practices, I mean, that was a little dig at John and Yoko
37.
McCartney II
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McCartney II is the second completely solo album by Paul McCartney, and the first since the formation of Wings in 1971. It was released in 1980, a year before the bands dissolution, the album is a significant departure for McCartney, as much of it relies heavily on synthesizers and studio experimentation. It was reissued on 13 June 2011 as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection, the album remains a cult favourite. After the release of what turned out to be Wings final album, Back to the Egg, Check My Machine samples dialogue from the 1957 Tweety and Sylvester cartoon Tweet Zoo. By sessions end, he had recorded over 20 songs, with no immediate use for the recordings, he put them aside for the time being and returned to work with Wings to prepare for a UK tour that November and December. The A-side was recorded during the McCartney II sessions, while its flip side had been cut in 1975, however, upcoming events were about to change McCartneys plans with Wings. After years of visa refusals due to his past arrests for possession, Japan had finally allowed McCartney. It would be McCartneys first time playing there since 1966 with the Beatles, after a nine-day jail stay, McCartney was released and returned home to his Scottish farm. Deciding to put Wings on hold while he contemplated his future, McCartney II was named in follow-up to his debut album McCartney because McCartney plays all instruments on both albums. Featuring arrangements that are heavy on synthesisers, McCartney II has been said to represent McCartneys acceptance of new wave, the album is often experimental, with most of its songs having been described as strange eccentric synthpop. Talking Heads were an influence on the album, with McCartney admiring David Byrnes eccentricity. Again, just to see what it was about, not necessarily because I was a massive fan and it was more like, what is a prepared piano. You know, funky stuff like that, McCartney said that, rather than me emulating anyone, it was more a question of me seeing what I could do with it. And again, not necessarily thinking I was making an album and these days I would day that with The Fireman project. An immediate UK No.2 hit, Coming Up was flipped over for the live Wings version in the US where it became another No.1 for McCartney, greatly raising hopes for his first solo album proper in years. The live Wings version of Coming Up was also included as a one-sided 7-inch single in copies of McCartney II within the US, Temporary Secretary features frantic synthesizer lines and lyrics about requiring a secretary of any skill level for a short period of time. McCartney dubbed the song an experiment, saying that he found the concept of a temporary secretary humorous, Temporary Secretary was released as a 12 single in Britain, backed with the experimental non-album track Secret Friend. The single was released in a quantity of 25,000 copies
38.
Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)
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Tug of War is the third solo studio album by Paul McCartney, released in April 1982. It was McCartneys first album released after the dissolution of Wings in April,1981, the album was produced by former Beatles producer George Martin and was a number 1 hit in numerous countries. It was hailed as a return-to-form for McCartney upon release and its remastered deluxe edition received a nomination for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package at the 2017 Grammy Awards. Following the release of the solo album McCartney II, Wings regrouped in July and October 1980 to rehearse several songs later appeared on Tug of War. Abandoning that days session part-way through, both Martin and McCartney felt it was best to leave the project for the time being, 10cc guitarist Eric Stewart also became a frequent collaborator of McCartneys during this era. The sessions were so productive that several of its tracks would be held over for the album, Pipes of Peace. The rest of 1981 would be spent in a fashion, with McCartney and Martin touching up the album. In March 1982, McCartneys duet with Stevie Wonder, Ebony and Ivory, was released to commercial success. Tug of War followed in April, and similarly became a number one. The follow-up single, Take It Away, reached the top ten in the United States, the album went on to sell several million copies and did much to restore McCartneys critical reputation after what was viewed as a lean period for him. Tug of War was nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy in 1983, the album was issued in the US on compact disc on 29 February 1984. In 1993, Tug of War was remastered and re-issued on CD as part of The Paul McCartney Collection series, there were no bonus tracks, Rainclouds and Ill Give You a Ring, B-sides of Ebony and Ivory and Take It Away, respectively, were omitted. In 2007, Tug of War was remastered and re-released on the iTunes Store adding a version of Ebony. Another reissue was released on 2 October 2015, as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection and this edition included a remixed version of the album, along with the original mix, and a series of videos. All songs were written by Paul McCartney, except Whats That Youre Doing, co-written by Stevie Wonder Side one Tug of War –4,22 Take It Away –4,14 Somebody Who Cares –3,19 Whats That Youre Doing. It was released in formats, Standard Edition 2-CD, remixed version of the original 12-track album on the first disc. Disc 2 – original album The original 12-track album, b^ Until January 1987, Japanese albums chart had been separated into LP, CD, and cassette charts. Tug of War also entered the chart, peaking at No.12
39.
Pipes of Peace
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Pipes of Peace is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Paul McCartney using his own name, released in 1983. As the follow-up to the popular Tug of War, the album close to matching the commercial success of its predecessor in Britain. While Pipes of Peace was the source of international hit singles such as Say Say Say and the title track, due to the filming commitments, Pipes of Peace was delayed until October for release. However, unlike Tug of War, the features an electro-tinged sound. On the track Tug of Peace, McCartney blended the title song to Tug of War with that of the new album, stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic describes the mix as an almost-electro collage that twists the songs into McCartney II territory. In 1983 Pipes of Peace made its debut on CD on Columbia Records, ode to a Koala Bear was overlooked for inclusion. The album was reissued in remastered form in 2015 as part of the ongoing Paul McCartney Archive Collection series of releases. The version with enhanced packaging contains three discs, the album itself, a bonus audio disc containing mostly demo versions of the songs found on the first disc. The reissue was accompanied by the Record Store Day exclusive single Say Say Say, Say Say Say was released as the albums lead single in October 1983. A duet with Jackson, it reached number 2 in the UK and number 1 in the US, Pipes of Peace peaked at number 4 in the UK and number 15 in the US. Following Say Say Say, the title track became a UK number 1, while in the US. Critical reaction was less than that which had greeted Tug of War, in addition, according to McCartney biographer Howard Sounes, the albums commercial reception was slightly disappointing, considering the quality of the work. Reviewing the album for the NME, Penny Reel described Pipes of Peace as A dull, tired and empty collection of quasi-funk, with McCartney cooing platitudinous sentiments on a set of lyrics seemingly made up on the spur of the moment. Hart writes of the song Tug of Peace, an early, the blend is clunky, but it foreshadows his electronic music work as the Fireman and on Liverpool Sound Collage. All songs written by Paul McCartney, except Say Say Say and The Man co-written by Michael Jackson and it was released in multiple formats, Standard Edition 2-CD, the original 11-track album on the first disc, plus 9 bonus tracks on a second disc
