The Fronde
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The Fronde was a civil war fought in France between 1648 and 1653. The term comes from the French noun for slingshot, and was originally a derogatory term for the rebels.
Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine, 1652, outside the Bastille in Paris
Cardinal Mazarin
"Louis XIV Crushes the Fronde" by Gilles Guérin 1654
The Battle of the Dunes by Charles-Philippe Larivière, 1837. The battle was a decisive victory for France and its English allies over the Spanish in 1658.
Anne of Austria
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Anne of Austria was Queen of France from 1615 to 1643 by marriage to King Louis XIII. She was also Queen of Navarre until the kingdom's annexation into the French crown in 1620. After her husband's de
The Fronde
…and was originally a derogatory term for the rebels. The conflict derived from opposition to the centralising policies pursued by the government of Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin. These in turn were a response to the financial crisis caused by French involvement in the Thirty Years' War, which ended in 1648…
Portrait by Peter Paul Rubens, c. 1620s
Anne at the age of six, 1607
Anne of Austria, coronation costume, by Peter Paul Rubens
Louis XIII, Anne, and their son (the future Louis XIV), flanked by Cardinal Richelieu and the Duchesse de Chevreuse