1.
Henry James
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Henry James, OM was an American-born British writer. He is regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism and he was the son of Henry James, Sr. and the brother of philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James. He is best known for a number of novels showing Americans encountering Europe and his method of writing from a characters point of view allowed him to explore issues related to consciousness and perception, and his style in later works has been compared to impressionist painting. His imaginative use of point of view, interior monologue and unreliable narrators brought a new depth to narrative fiction, James contributed significantly to literary criticism, particularly in his insistence that writers be allowed the greatest possible freedom in presenting their view of the world. James claimed that a text must first and foremost be realistic, good novels, to James, show life in action and are, most importantly, interesting. In addition to his voluminous works of fiction he published articles and books of travel, biography, autobiography, and criticism, and wrote plays. James alternated between America and Europe for the first twenty years of his life, eventually he settled in England, becoming a British subject in 1915, James was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911,1912, and 1916. James was born at 2 Washington Place in New York City on 15 April 1843 and his parents were Mary Walsh and Henry James Sr. His father was intelligent, steadfastly congenial, and a lecturer and philosopher who had inherited independent means from his father, Mary came from a wealthy family long settled in New York City, and her sister Katherine lived with the family for an extended period of time. Henry, Jr. had three brothers, William who was one year his senior and younger brothers Wilkinson and Robertson, the family first lived in Albany and then moved to Fourteenth Street in New York City when James was still a young boy. His education was calculated by his father to him to many influences, primarily scientific and philosophical, it was described as extraordinarily haphazard. James did not share the usual education in Latin and Greek classics, Henry studied primarily with tutors and briefly attended a few schools while the family traveled in Europe. Their longest stays were in France, where Henry began to feel at home and became fluent in French, in 1860 the family returned to Newport. There Henry became a friend of the painter John La Farge, who introduced him to French literature, James later called Balzac his greatest master, and said that he had learned more about the craft of fiction from him than from anyone else. In the autumn of 1861 Henry received an injury, probably to his back and this injury, which resurfaced at times throughout his life, made him unfit for military service in the American Civil War. In 1864 the James family moved to Boston, Massachusetts to be near William, in 1862 Henry attended Harvard Law School, but realized that he was not interested in studying law. The future Supreme Court Justice, and with James and Annie Fields and his first published work was a review of a stage performance, Miss Maggie Mitchell in Fanchon the Cricket, published in 1863. About a year later, A Tragedy of Error, his first short story, was published, Jamess first payment was for an appreciation of Sir Walter Scotts novels, written for the North American Review
2.
Adultery
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Adultery is extramarital sex that is considered objectionable on social, religious, moral, or legal grounds. A single act of intercourse is generally sufficient to constitute adultery. Historically, many cultures have considered adultery to be a serious crime. Adultery often incurred severe punishment, usually for the woman and sometimes for the man, with penalties including capital punishment, mutilation, such punishments have gradually fallen into disfavor, especially in Western countries from the 19th century. In most Western countries, adultery itself is no longer a criminal offense, Adultery is not a ground for divorce in jurisdictions which have adopted a no-fault divorce model. In some societies and among certain religious adherents, adultery may affect the status of those involved. In countries where adultery is an offense, punishments range from fines to caning. A joint statement by the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in states that. In Muslim countries that follow Sharia law for justice, the punishment for adultery may be stoning. There are fifteen countries in which stoning is authorized as lawful punishment, though in recent times it has been carried out only in Iran. In some jurisdictions, having sexual relations with the wife or the wife of his eldest son constitutes treason. The term adultery refers to acts between a married person and someone who is not that persons spouse. It may arise in criminal law or in family law, for instance, in the United Kingdom, adultery is not a criminal offense, but is a ground for divorce, with the legal definition of adultery being physical contact with an alien and unlawful organ. Extramarital sexual acts not fitting this definition are not adultery though they may constitute unreasonable behavior, the application of the term to the act appears to arise from the idea that criminal intercourse with a married woman. Tended to adulterate the issue of an innocent husband, and to expose him to support and provide for another mans. Thus, the purity of the children of a marriage is corrupted, the term adultery, rather than extramarital sex, implies a moral condemnation of the act, as such it is usually not a neutral term because it carries an implied judgment that the act is wrong. In the traditional English common law, adultery was a felony, although the legal definition of adultery differs in nearly every legal system, the common theme is sexual relations outside of marriage, in one form or another. Traditionally, many cultures, particularly Latin American ones, had double standards regarding male and female adultery
3.
Uma Thurman
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Uma Karuna Thurman is an American actress and model. She has performed in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies, following her appearances on the December 1985 and May 1986 covers of British Vogue, she starred in Dangerous Liaisons. She starred in more films throughout the 1990s such as Batman & Robin, Gattaca. Thurman was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Television Film for Hysterical Blindness, hailed as Quentin Tarantinos muse, she reunited with the director to play the main role in both Kill Bill films, which brought her two additional Golden Globe Award nominations. Other acting credits in the decade include Be Cool, The Producers, Thurman was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her forename Uma, Sanskrit उमा, literally means splendour, light and her father, Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman, is a professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies, an academic and writer, he lived as an ordained Buddhist monk for three years. Her mother, Nena von Schlebrügge, was German nobility and a model, discovered in Stockholm. Thurmans mother was born in Mexico City, Mexico, of Swedish, German and Danish descent, while Thurmans father was born in New York, Thurman received a Buddhist upbringing, and spent altogether around two years in the Indo-Himalayan town of Almora. She now considers herself to be an agnostic and she grew up mostly in Amherst, Massachusetts, where she went to Amherst Regional Middle School, then moved to Woodstock, New York. She has three brothers, Ganden, Dechen, and Mipam, and a half-sister named Taya, from her fathers previous marriage, Thurmans first cousin, once removed, is Swedish football player Max von Schlebrügge. Thurman is described as having been an awkward and introverted girl who was teased for her tall frame, angular bone structure, enormous feet, when Thurman was 10 years old, a friends mother suggested a nose job. As a child, she suffered bouts of body dysmorphic disorder, in the eighth grade she discovered her love for acting. Talent scouts noticed her performance as Abigail in a production of The Crucible, Thurman attended Northfield Mount Hermon School, a preparatory school in Massachusetts, before dropping out to pursue a career in acting. Thurman began her career as a model at age 15. Her early modeling credits included Glamour and the December 1985 and May 1986 covers of British Vogue and she made her movie debut in 1988, appearing in four films that year. Her first two were the school comedy Johnny Be Good and teen thriller Kiss Daddy Goodnight. The most notable of these first four films was Oscar-winning drama Dangerous Liaisons, a commercial success, the picture also garnered Thurman recognition and acclaim from critics and audiences, film critic Roger Ebert found her to be well cast in her tricky key role. At the time, insecure about her appearance, she spent roughly a year in London, during which she often wore loose, malkovich said of her, There is nothing twitchy teenager-ish about her, I haven’t met anyone like her at that age
4.
Kate Beckinsale
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Kathrin Romary Kate Beckinsale is a British actress. After some minor roles, she made her film debut in Much Ado About Nothing while still a student at the University of Oxford. She then appeared in British costume dramas such as Prince of Jutland, Cold Comfort Farm, Emma and she followed those with appearances in The Aviator and Click. Since being cast as Selene in the Underworld film series, Beckinsale has become known primarily for her work in films, including Van Helsing, Whiteout, Contraband. She also continues to make appearances in smaller projects such as Snow Angels, Nothing but the Truth. In 2016, she appeared in Whit Stillmans Jane Austen comedy Love & Friendship, Beckinsale was born in Chiswick, London, England. She is the child of actor Richard Beckinsale and actress Judy Loe. She is the younger half-sister of Samantha Beckinsale and her father was of one-quarter Burmese descent. She made her first television appearance at the age of four, when she was five years old, her 31-year-old father died suddenly of a heart attack. Beckinsale was deeply traumatised by the loss and started expecting bad things to happen and her widowed mother moved in with director Roy Battersby when Beckinsale was nine and she was brought up alongside his four sons and daughter. She has a relationship with her step-father, who was a member of the Workers Revolutionary Party during her childhood. Beckinsale helped to sell The News Line, a Trotskyist newspaper, family friends included Ken Loach and Vanessa Redgrave. Beckinsale has a paternal half-sister, actress Samantha Beckinsale, but they have not had regular contact, Beckinsale was educated at Godolphin and Latymer School, an independent school for girls in Hammersmith, West London and was involved with the Orange Tree Youth Theatre. She was a winner of the WH Smith Young Writers Award for both fiction and poetry. She has described herself as a late bloomer, All of my friends were kissing boys, I found it really depressing that we werent making camp fires and everyone was doing grown-up stuff. She had a breakdown and developed anorexia at the age of 15. Beckinsale read French and Russian literature at New College, Oxford, and was described by a contemporary, journalist Victoria Coren Mitchell, as whip-clever, slightly nuts. She was involved with the Oxford University Dramatic Society, most notably being directed by fellow student Tom Hooper in a production of A View from the Bridge at the Oxford Playhouse
5.
Wikisource
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Wikisource is an online digital library of free content textual sources on a wiki, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Wikisource is the name of the project as a whole and the name for each instance of that project, the projects aims are to host all forms of free text, in many languages, and translations. Originally conceived as an archive to store useful or important historical texts, the project officially began in November 24,2003 under the name Project Sourceberg. The name Wikisource was adopted later that year and it received its own domain name seven months later, the project has come under criticism for lack of reliability but it is also cited by organisations such as the National Archives and Records Administration. The project holds works that are either in the domain or freely licensed, professionally published works or historical source documents, not vanity products. Verification was initially made offline, or by trusting the reliability of digital libraries. Now works are supported by online scans via the ProofreadPage extension, some individual Wikisources, each representing a specific language, now only allow works backed up with scans. While the bulk of its collection are texts, Wikisource as a whole hosts other media, some Wikisources allow user-generated annotations, subject to the specific policies of the Wikisource in question. Wikisources early history included several changes of name and location, the original concept for Wikisource was as storage for useful or important historical texts. These texts were intended to support Wikipedia articles, by providing evidence and original source texts. The collection was focused on important historical and cultural material. The project was originally called Project Sourceberg during its planning stages, in 2001, there was a dispute on Wikipedia regarding the addition of primary source material, leading to edit wars over their inclusion or deletion. Project Sourceberg was suggested as a solution to this, perhaps Project Sourceberg can mainly work as an interface for easily linking from Wikipedia to a Project Gutenberg file, and as an interface for people to easily submit new work to PG. Wed want to complement Project Gutenberg--how, exactly, and Jimmy Wales adding like Larry, Im interested that we think it over to see what we can add to Project Gutenberg. It seems unlikely that primary sources should in general be editable by anyone -- I mean, Shakespeare is Shakespeare, unlike our commentary on his work, the project began its activity at ps. wikipedia. org. The contributors understood the PS subdomain to mean either primary sources or Project Sourceberg, however, this resulted in Project Sourceberg occupying the subdomain of the Pashto Wikipedia. A vote on the name changed it to Wikisource on December 6,2003. Despite the change in name, the project did not move to its permanent URL until July 23,2004, since Wikisource was initially called Project Sourceberg, its first logo was a picture of an iceberg
6.
Rebecca West
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Dame Cicely Isabel Fairfield DBE, known as Rebecca West, or Dame Rebecca West, was a British author, journalist, literary critic and travel writer. An author who wrote in many genres, West reviewed books for The Times, the New York Herald Tribune, the Sunday Telegraph, and the New Republic, time called her indisputably the worlds number one woman writer in 1947. She was made CBE in 1949, and DBE in 1959, in each case, Rebecca West was born Cicely Isabel Fairfield in 1892 in Kerry and grew up in a home full of intellectual stimulation, political debate, lively company, books and music. Her mother, Isabella, a Scotswoman, was an accomplished pianist and he never rejoined them and died impoverished and alone in a boarding house in Liverpool in 1906, when Cicely was 14. The rest of the moved to Edinburgh, Scotland, where Cicely was educated at George Watsons Ladies College. She had to school in 1907 due to a bout of tuberculosis. Cicely did not have any formal schooling after the age of 16, Letitia, who was the best educated of the three, became one of the first fully qualified female doctors in Britain, as well as a barrister at the Inns of Court. Winifred, the sister, married Norman Macleod, Principal Assistant Secretary in the Admiralty. Winnies two children, Alison and Norman, became involved in Rebeccas life as she got older. West trained as an actress in London, taking the name Rebecca West from the young heroine in Rosmersholm by Henrik Ibsen. She and Lettie became involved in the suffrage movement, participating in street protests. Meanwhile, West worked as a journalist for the feminist weekly Freewoman, in September 1912 West accused the famously libertine writer H. G. Wells of being the Old Maid among novelists in a provocative review in Freewoman of his novel Marriage. The review attracted Wellss interest and an invitation to lunch at his home, the two writers became lovers in late 1913. Their 10-year affair produced a son, Anthony West, born on 4 August 1914, West is also said to have had affairs with Charlie Chaplin and newspaper magnate Lord Beaverbrook. George Bernard Shaw said in 1916 that Rebecca West could handle a pen as brilliantly as ever I could, during the 1920s, West began a lifelong habit of visits to the U. S. to give lectures, meet artists, and get involved in the political scene. There, she befriended CIA founder Allen Dulles, Charlie Chaplin, Harold Ross of The New Yorker and her lifelong fascination with the United States culminated in 1948 when President Truman presented her with the Womens Press Club Award for Journalism, calling her the worlds best reporter. In 1930, at the age of 37, she married a banker, Henry Maxwell Andrews, Wests writing brought her considerable wealth, and by 1940 she owned a Rolls Royce and a grand country estate, Ibstone House, in the Chiltern Hills of southern England. As West grew older, she turned to political and social issues
7.
Nick Nolte
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Nicholas King Nick Nolte is an American actor and former model. He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and he went on to receive Academy Award nominations for Affliction and Warrior. His other film appearances include The Deep,48 Hrs, down and Out in Beverly Hills, Another 48 Hrs. Everybody Wins, Cape Fear, Lorenzos Oil, The Thin Red Line, Hulk, The Good Thief, Hotel Rwanda, Tropic Thunder, A Walk in the Woods and The Ridiculous 6. He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy for his role in the TV series Graves, Nolte was born February 8,1941 in Omaha, Nebraska. His father, Franklin Arthur Nolte, was a son who ran away from home. His mother, Helen, was a department store buyer and his ancestry includes German, English, Scots-Irish, Scottish and Swiss-German. Noltes maternal grandfather, Matthew Leander King, invented the hollow-tile silo and was prominent in early aviation and his maternal grandmother ran the student union at Iowa State University. He has a sister, Nancy, who was an executive for the Red Cross. Nolte attended Kingsley Elementary School in Waterloo, Iowa and he studied at Westside High School in Omaha, where he was the kicker on the football team. He also attended Benson High, but was expelled for fighting and hiding beer before practice, at Eastern Arizona, Nolte lettered in football as a tight end and defensive end in basketball with forward, and as a catcher on the baseball team. Poor grades eventually ended his studies, at which point his career in began in earnest. While in college, Nolte worked for the Falstaff Brewery in Omaha, Nolte was a model in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1992, Nolte was named the Sexiest Man Alive by People magazine, Nolte first starred in the television miniseries, Rich Man, Poor Man, based on Irwin Shaws 1970 best-selling novel. Later he appeared in forty films, playing a wide variety of characters. Diversity of character, and his athleticism, and gravelly voice are signatures of his career. In 1973, he guest-starred in the Griff episode, Who Framed Billy the Kid. as Billy Randolph, a football player accused of murder. He co-starred with Andy Griffith in Winter Kill, a film made as the pilot of a possible television series, and another one, Adams of Eagle Lake
8.
Consciousness
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Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself. Despite the difficulty in definition, many believe that there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is. Western philosophers, since the time of Descartes and Locke, have struggled to comprehend the nature of consciousness, the majority of experimental studies assess consciousness in humans by asking subjects for a verbal report of their experiences. The origin of the concept of consciousness is often attributed to John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Locke defined consciousness as the perception of what passes in a mans own mind and his essay influenced the 18th-century view of consciousness, and his definition appeared in Samuel Johnsons celebrated Dictionary. Consciousness is also defined in the 1753 volume of Diderot and dAlemberts Encyclopédie, the earliest English language uses of conscious and consciousness date back, however, to the 1500s. This phrase had the meaning of knowing that one knows. In its earliest uses in the 1500s, the English word conscious retained the meaning of the Latin conscius. For example, Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan wrote, Where two, or more men, know of one and the fact, they are said to be Conscious of it one to another. The Latin phrase conscius sibi, whose meaning was more related to the current concept of consciousness, was rendered in English as conscious to oneself or conscious unto oneself. For example, Archbishop Ussher wrote in 1613 of being so conscious unto myself of my great weakness, Lockes definition from 1690 illustrates that a gradual shift in meaning had taken place. A related word was conscientia, which primarily means moral conscience, in the literal sense, conscientia means knowledge-with, that is, shared knowledge. The word first appears in Latin juridical texts by such as Cicero. Here, conscientia is the knowledge that a witness has of the deed of someone else, rené Descartes is generally taken to be the first philosopher to use conscientia in a way that does not fit this traditional meaning. Descartes used conscientia the way modern speakers would use conscience, in Search after Truth he says conscience or internal testimony. The dictionary meaning of the word consciousness extends through several centuries, B. inward awareness of an external object, state, or fact. The philosophy of mind has given rise to many stances regarding consciousness, something within ones mind is introspectively conscious just in case one introspects it. Introspection is often thought to deliver ones primary knowledge of ones mental life, an experience or other mental entity is phenomenally conscious just in case there is something it is like for one to have it
9.
Jeremy Northam
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Jeremy Philip Northam is an English actor. He has appeared in the films Gosford Park, Emma, Amistad, The Winslow Boy, Enigma, Martin and Lewis and he played Thomas More in the Showtime series The Tudors. He has recently played Anthony Eden in the Netflix series The Crown Northam was born in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, the youngest of four siblings. His mother, Rachel, was a potter and professor of economics, Northam was educated at Bristol Grammar School and Bedford College, University of London now part of Royal Holloway, University of London, and trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. He married Canadian film/television make-up artist Liz Moro in April 2005 and he has appeared frequently in British films such as Carrington, Emma, The Winslow Boy, An Ideal Husband, Enigma and as Welsh actor and singer Ivor Novello in Gosford Park. He made his American film debut in The Net, in 2002 he starred in the film Cypher alongside Lucy Liu. That same year, he portrayed singer Dean Martin in the CBS film Martin and Lewis and golfer Walter Hagen in Bobby Jones, in 2007 and 2008, he portrayed Thomas More on the Showtime series, The Tudors. He played John Brodie Innes in the 2009 film Creation, based on the life of Charles Darwin and he plays British Prime Minister Anthony Eden in the Netflix drama series, The Crown. His audiobook work includes The Silver Chair by C. S. Lewis for Harper Audio, for SilkSoundBooks, he recorded The Real Thing and Other Short Stories and The Aspern Papers, both written by Henry James. In 2007 he recorded Gerard Manley Hopkins poems for The Great Poets edition for Naxos Audiobooks. He recorded the audio book Dark Matter and it was released on 21 October 2010, by Orion. Edward Voysey, The Voysey Inheritance, National Theatre Company, Cottesloe Theatre, London,1989 Also appeared in productions of School for Scandal and The Shaughraun, National Theatre Company
10.
LibriVox
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On 6 August 2016, the project completed project number 10,000. Most releases are in the English language, but many works are also available. There are multiple affiliated projects that are providing additional content, LibriVox is closely affiliated with Project Gutenberg from where the project gets some of its texts, and the Internet Archive that hosts their offerings. LibriVox was started in August 2005 by Montreal-based writer Hugh McGuire, who set up a blog, the first recorded book was The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad. LibriVox is an invented word inspired by Latin words liber in its genitive form libri and vox, the word was also coined because of other connotations as liber also means child and free, independent, unrestricted. As the LibriVox forum says it, We like to think LibriVox might be interpreted as child of the voice, finally, the other link we like is library so you could imagine it to mean Library of Voice. There has been no decision or consensus by LibriVox founders or the community of volunteers for a single pronunciation of LibriVox and it is accepted that any audible pronunciation is accurate. LibriVox is a volunteer-run, free content, Public Domain project and it has no budget or legal personality. The development of projects is managed through an Internet forum, supported by an admin team, in early 2010, LibriVox ran a fundraising drive to raise $20,000 to cover hosting costs for the website of about $5, 000/year and improve front- and backend usability. Volunteers can choose new projects to start, either recording on their own or inviting others to join them, once a volunteer has recorded his or her contribution, it is uploaded to the site, and proof-listened by members of the LibriVox community. Finished audiobooks are available from the LibriVox website, and MP3, recordings are also available through other means, such as iTunes, and, being free of copyright, they are frequently distributed independently of LibriVox on the Internet and otherwise. LibriVox only records material that is in the domain in the United States. Because of copyright restrictions, LibriVox produces recordings of only a number of contemporary books. These have included, for example, the 9/11 Commission Report and it contains much popular classic fiction, but also includes less predictable texts, such as Immanuel Kants Critique of Pure Reason and a recording of the first 500 digits of pi. The collection also features poetry, plays, religious texts and non-fiction of various kinds, in January 2009, the catalogue contained approximately 55 percent fiction and drama,25 percent non-fiction and 20 percent poetry. By the end of 2016, the most viewed item was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in a 2006 solo recording by John Greenman, around 90 percent of the catalogue is recorded in English, but recordings exist in 31 languages altogether. Chinese, French and German are the most popular languages other than English amongst volunteers, LibriVox has garnered significant interest, in particular from those interested in the promotion of volunteer-led content and alternative approaches to copyright ownership on the Internet. It has received support from the Internet Archive and Project Gutenberg, intellectual freedom and commons proponent Mike Linksvayer described it in 2008 as perhaps the most interesting collaborative culture project this side of Wikipedia
11.
Project Gutenberg
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Project Gutenberg is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks. It was founded in 1971 by Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library, most of the items in its collection are the full texts of public domain books. The project tries to make these as free as possible, in long-lasting, as of 3 October 2015, Project Gutenberg reached 50,000 items in its collection. The releases are available in plain text but, wherever possible, other formats are included, such as HTML, PDF, EPUB, MOBI, most releases are in the English language, but many non-English works are also available. There are multiple affiliated projects that are providing additional content, including regional, Project Gutenberg is also closely affiliated with Distributed Proofreaders, an Internet-based community for proofreading scanned texts. Project Gutenberg was started by Michael Hart in 1971 with the digitization of the United States Declaration of Independence, Hart, a student at the University of Illinois, obtained access to a Xerox Sigma V mainframe computer in the universitys Materials Research Lab. Through friendly operators, he received an account with an unlimited amount of computer time. Hart has said he wanted to back this gift by doing something that could be considered to be of great value. His initial goal was to make the 10,000 most consulted books available to the public at little or no charge and this particular computer was one of the 15 nodes on ARPANET, the computer network that would become the Internet. Hart believed that computers would one day be accessible to the general public and he used a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence in his backpack, and this became the first Project Gutenberg e-text. He named the project after Johannes Gutenberg, the fifteenth century German printer who propelled the movable type printing press revolution, by the mid-1990s, Hart was running Project Gutenberg from Illinois Benedictine College. More volunteers had joined the effort, all of the text was entered manually until 1989 when image scanners and optical character recognition software improved and became more widely available, which made book scanning more feasible. Hart later came to an arrangement with Carnegie Mellon University, which agreed to administer Project Gutenbergs finances, as the volume of e-texts increased, volunteers began to take over the projects day-to-day operations that Hart had run. Starting in 2004, an online catalog made Project Gutenberg content easier to browse, access. Project Gutenberg is now hosted by ibiblio at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Italian volunteer Pietro Di Miceli developed and administered the first Project Gutenberg website and started the development of the Project online Catalog. In his ten years in this role, the Project web pages won a number of awards, often being featured in best of the Web listings, Hart died on 6 September 2011 at his home in Urbana, Illinois at the age of 64. In 2000, a corporation, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Long-time Project Gutenberg volunteer Gregory Newby became the foundations first CEO, also in 2000, Charles Franks founded Distributed Proofreaders, which allowed the proofreading of scanned texts to be distributed among many volunteers over the Internet
12.
The Golden Bowl (film)
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The Golden Bowl is a 2000 drama film directed by James Ivory. The screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala is based on the 1904 novel of the name by Henry James. Dignified but impoverished aristocrat Prince Amerigo, whose illustrious Italian family occupies the decaying Palazzo Ugolini in Florence, is engaged to American socialite Maggie Verver. Prior to their engagement, and unbeknownst to his fiancée, Amerigo had a long and passionate affair with Charlotte Stant, the two separated because of his lack of funds, but Charlotte is still in love with him. When she receives an invitation to the wedding, she seizes the opportunity to reunite with him, a few days before the ceremony, Amerigo and Charlotte wander into an antique store in search of a wedding gift from her to the couple. Proprietor A. R. Jarvis shows them an ancient bowl, carved from a piece of rock crystal and embroidered with gold, he asserts is flawless. Charlotte is indecisive about buying it, and Jarvis sets it aside until she makes up her mind, despite knowing Amerigo and Charlottes history, Aunt Fanny suggests the young woman and Adam would be a perfect match. The two eventually wed, much to the delight of Maggie, who had been concerned about her fathers loneliness, Fanny becomes aware of the illicit romance but, wanting to protect her niece from being hurt, says nothing. As time passes, however, Maggie becomes suspicious of the amount of time her husband, in search of an unusual gift for her father, Maggie chances to wander into Jarvis shop, and he shows her the bowl he had set aside for Charlotte years ago. Maggie agrees to buy it and asks that it be delivered to her home, when Jarvis discovers the barely discernible crack Amerigo had noticed, he brings it to Maggie himself, reveals the defect, and offers it at half price. The object suddenly becomes a symbol of rather than a beautiful work of art. With Fannys assistance, she is successful in convincing Adam to accelerate his plans and leave for the American city much earlier than planned. Charlotte, loathing the idea, resists and begins making a fool of herself in private and in public, as Maggie and Amerigo settle into their marriage at last, a newsreel shows Adam and an over-dressed Charlotte adapting to their new life in American City. R. Jarvis Director Ivory, producer Merchant, and screenwriter Jhabvala previously collaborated on screen adaptations of the Henry James novels The Europeans, Italian locations included Palazzo Borghese in Artena and Prince Massimos Castle in Arsoli. The soundtrack includes Moonstruck by Lionel Monckton and Ivan Caryll, Sarabande by Claude Debussy, when they refused, the company sold the film to Lions Gate. The film opened throughout Europe before going into limited release in the US on 27 April 2001 and it opened on five screens and earned $90,170 on its opening weekend. At its widest release in the US it played in 117 theatres and it eventually grossed $3,050,532 in the US and $2,703,146 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $5,753,678. M. Forster, as opposed to the mass culture that has eclipsed these literary heroes
The Golden Bowl public domain audiobook at LibriVox
