1.
The Grange, Edinburgh
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The Grange is a suburb of Edinburgh, about one and a half miles south of the city centre, with Morningside and Greenhill to the west, Newington to the east, and Marchmont to the north. It is an area characterised by large late Victorian stone-built villas. Many have now been sub-divided into flats, with further flats often being built on the grounds, there are mentions of Sanct-Geill-Grange in charters of King David and King Edgar, as church lands attached to St. Giles parish church in Edinburgh, the king retaining the superiority. The word grange is common across Britain and normally links to a farm with a central mansionhouse. On June 16,1376, King Robert II granted the superiority of the barony and lands of St Giles to his eldest son, John, Earl of Carrick, in 1391 the estate was conferred upon the Wardlaw family. On March 19,1691 a John Cant sold St Giles Grange in its entirety to William Dick and it is interesting to note that at that time the 18 acres previously feued to the nuns was now in the possession of Sir John Napier, the famous inventor of logarithms. When Isabel Dick, the heiress, married Sir Andrew Lauder, 5th Baronet of Fountainhall, in 1731, the mansion, The Grange House, was enlarged over the centuries, a major restoration being carried out by Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Bt. The house survived until 1936 when it was demolished to make way for flats, stone wyverns from its gateposts, known locally as the Lauder griffins, were re-erected in Grange Loan. At one point the path borders the Grange Cemetery where various people are buried, including Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Hugh Miller. In 1825 Thomas Dick Lauder the then owner of the Grange and this linked to a new access road to the east. Lauder controlled development of the land through a strong feuing plan, the original feuing plan included curious plot names such as Little Transylvania and Greater Transylvania. Grange House remained in a plot in the centre of Grange Loan. From the 1840s The Grange was developed as an early suburb, the area was originally laid out by the architect David Cousin but then the feuing was altered and greatly extended southwards by the architect Robert Reid Raeburn. Some of the Victorian villas still retain substantial mature trees and gardens which pre-date the housing and it was called Earl Greys Oak and was still healthy in 1898. It is not known if it has survived, within the area lies the campus of the Astley Ainslie Hospital. This large area of ground was gifted as a hospital in 1921 as part of the will of John Ainslie, the Grange Cricket Ground is the last vestige of the major open space which used to surround Grange House. This was laid out in 1847 by the Edinburgh architect David Bryce and is more rectilinear in layout than its predecessors, Warriston Cemetery and it was original entitled the Southern Edinburgh Cemetery. It includes a very interesting Egyptian portal to the land of the dead for the wife of a William Stuart on the north wall, sculptures by William Birnie Rhind and Henry Snell Gamley can also be found
2.
Edinburgh
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Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forths southern shore, it is Scotlands second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh,492,680 for the authority area. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and it is the largest financial centre in the UK after London. Historically part of Midlothian, the city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, literature, the sciences and engineering. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city, was placed 17th in the QS World University Rankings in 2013 and 2014. The city is famous for the Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe. The citys historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdoms second most popular tourist destination after London, attracting over one million overseas visitors each year. Historic sites in Edinburgh include Edinburgh Castle, Holyrood Palace, the churches of St. Giles, Greyfriars and the Canongate, Edinburghs Old Town and New Town together are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which has been managed by Edinburgh World Heritage since 1999. It appears to derive from the place name Eidyn mentioned in the Old Welsh epic poem Y Gododdin, the poem names Din Eidyn as a hill fort in the territory of the Gododdin. The Celtic element din was dropped and replaced by the Old English burh, the first documentary evidence of the medieval burgh is a royal charter, c. 1124–1127, by King David I granting a toft in burgo meo de Edenesburg to the Priory of Dunfermline. In modern Gaelic, the city is called Dùn Èideann, the earliest known human habitation in the Edinburgh area was at Cramond, where evidence was found of a Mesolithic camp site dated to c.8500 BC. Traces of later Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements have found on Castle Rock, Arthurs Seat, Craiglockhart Hill. When the Romans arrived in Lothian at the end of the 1st century AD, at some point before the 7th century AD, the Gododdin, who were presumably descendants of the Votadini, built the hill fort of Din Eidyn or Etin. Although its location has not been identified, it likely they would have chosen a commanding position like the Castle Rock, Arthurs Seat. In 638, the Gododdin stronghold was besieged by forces loyal to King Oswald of Northumbria and it thenceforth remained under their jurisdiction. The royal burgh was founded by King David I in the early 12th century on land belonging to the Crown, in 1638, King Charles Is attempt to introduce Anglican church forms in Scotland encountered stiff Presbyterian opposition culminating in the conflicts of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In the 17th century, Edinburghs boundaries were defined by the citys defensive town walls
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Scotland national cricket team
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The Scotland national cricket team represents Scotland in the game of cricket. They play their matches at The Grange, Edinburgh. Scotland became associate members of the International Cricket Council in 1994 after severing links with the England cricket team two years earlier, since then, they have played in three Cricket World Cups and three ICC World Twenty20 tournaments. However, their first win in either of these events did not come until they beat Hong Kong in the 2016 World Twenty20. Scottish cricket team is governed by Cricket Scotland, Scotland have also played in every ICC Intercontinental Cup tournament, winning the inaugural edition in 2004. Between 2010 and 2013, the competed in the ECB40 as the Scottish Saltires. Kyle Coetzer became captain of the side in November 2016 after Preston Mommsen who had captained the side since September 2014 stepped down, the coach is New Zealander Grant Bradburn, who took on the role in April 2014. The first recorded match in Scotland took place in Alloa in 1785. It would be another eighty years, however, before Scotland played their first full match, against Surrey in 1865, the first Scottish Cricket Union was formed in 1879, and the national team beat Australia by 7 wickets three years later. The cricket union became defunct in 1883, and Grange Cricket Club took over the administration of the game until 1909, the first match against Ireland took place in Dublin in 1888, with the Irish emerging victorious. They also played South Africa, the West Indies, an all-Indian team,1948 saw Australia visit Scotland for two games at the end of their tour of England. These games, both of which were won by the Australians, were to be the last international games for Don Bradman, the Don signed off in typical style, making a fine unbeaten 123 in the innings victory. Scotland first competed in English domestic cricket in 1980, when they competed in the Benson & Hedges Cup for the first time, three years later they took part in the NatWest Trophy. Their first Benson & Hedges win came against Lancashire in 1986, the most famous cricketers to have come from Scotland are probably the former England captain, Mike Denness, Warwickshire all-rounder Dougie Brown, and former England Test player Gavin Hamilton. Another great Scottish cricketer was B. R, hardie, who was a major contributor to the successful Essex side of the 1970s and 1980s. Possibly one of the best spinners and certainly a respected journalist was the aptly named Ian Peebles, who was one of the cricketers of the year in 1931 alongside Don Bradman. The most infamous cricketer, a man who was vilified in Australia, was a Scot, Douglas Jardine, father to and inventor of Body Theory, Jardine was born in British India, and died in Switzerland, spending most of his life in England. He asked for his ashes to be scattered in Scotland and gave his own children Scottish names, in 1992 Scotland severed their ties with the Test and County Cricket Board and England, and gained associate membership of the ICC in their own right in 1994. They competed in the ICC Trophy for the first time in 1997, finishing third and qualifying for the 1999 World Cup, where they lost all their games
5.
Bangladesh national cricket team
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The Bangladesh national cricket team, also known as The Tigers, represents Bangladesh in international cricket. It is administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board, Bangladesh is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International status. It played its first Test match in November 2000 against India in Dhaka, Bangladeshs first official foray into international cricket came in the 1979 ICC Trophy in England. On 31 March 1986, Bangladesh played its first ODI match, for a long time, football was the most popular sport in Bangladesh, but cricket gradually became very popular – particularly in urban areas – and by the late 1990s had surpassed football. In 1997, Bangladesh won the ICC Trophy in Malaysia and thus qualified for its first Cricket World Cup to participate in England in 1999, there, it defeated Pakistan – causing much upset – and also Scotland. On 26 June 2000, Bangladesh was granted full ICC membership, Bangladesh holds the record for most consecutive losses in Tests and ODIs. After gaining full member status with the ICC, Bangladesh had to wait until 2004 for its first ODI win since the 1999 World Cup, in 2009 Bangladesh toured the West Indies for two Tests and by winning both secured their first overseas series victory. On 14 March 2017, against Sri Lanka Bangladesh became the youngest team to play 100 test matches, as of 6 April 2017, Bangladesh has played 100 Tests, winning nine tests among them. Its first victory was against team Zimbabwe, and the two came against the West Indian team. They played their 100th Test when they toured Sri Lanka in March 2017, the team has been more successful in ODIs, having won 102 of its 324 matches. It has also played 67 Twenty20 Internationals, winning 21, however the limited over success is due to the wins against Zimbabwe and associate members. Bangladesh is currently ranked ninth in Tests, seventh in ODIs, in 1977, Bangladesh became an Associate member of the International Cricket Council. Bangladesh was one of fifteen teams to take part in the inaugural ICC Trophy, held in 1979, it gave non-Test playing countries the opportunity to qualify for that years World Cup. Bangladesh, under the captaincy of Raqibul Hasan, won two matches and lost two, but failed to progress beyond the first round, victory in the South-East Asian Cricket Conference Tournament in February 1984 ensured Bangladesh qualified for the 1986 Asia Cup. They lost their second ODI which was against Sri Lanka, finishing last in the three-team tournament, Bangladesh qualified for the 1988 Asia Cup, this time hosting the tournament, it was the first time ODIs had been staged in the country. Although they lost all their matches, Bangladeshs fixtures were retrospectively awarded ODI, floods in the preceding months meant the tournament was in doubt, but it went ahead as planned. A charity match raised $70,000 for the flood victims, Bangladesh took part in the 1990 Austral-Asia Cup, the Asia Cup in 1990–91,1995, and 1997, but it was not until 1998 that they won their first ODI. Their 22-match losing streak since their first ODI was at the time a record, Bangladesh posted its first ODI win against Kenya, in India thanks largely to Mohammad Rafique, who contributed a fiery 77 runs and took 3 wickets
6.
England cricket team
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The England cricket team is the team that represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1 January 1997 it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board, England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match, and these two countries together with South Africa formed the Imperial Cricket Conference on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first One Day International on 5 January 1971, Englands first Twenty20 International was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia. As of 9 March 2017, England has played 983 Test matches, winning 351, the team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, the same number as their opponents Australia. England has played 683 ODIs, winning 332, and its record in major ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups, and also in two ICC Champions Trophys, England has also played 89 T20Is, winning 43. They won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016, England are currently ranked fourth in Tests, fifth in ODIs and fifth in T20Is by the ICC. England currently holds the record for the highest ever ODI total of 444, such matches were repeated on numerous occasions for the best part of a century. In 1846 William Clarke formed the All-England Eleven and this team would eventually compete against a United All-England Eleven with annual matches occurring between 1847 and 1856. These matches were arguably the most important contest of the English season if judged by the quality of the players, the first overseas tour occurred in September 1859 with England touring North America. This team had six players from the All-England Eleven, six from the United All-England Eleven and was captained by George Parr, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, attention turned elsewhere. English tourists visited Australia in 1861-62 with this first tour organised as a venture by Messrs Spiers and Pond. Most matches played during tours prior to 1877 were against odds and this first Australian tour were mostly against odds of at least 18/11. The tour was so successful that George Parr led a tour in 1863–64. James Lillywhite led a subsequent England team which sailed on the P&O steamship Poonah on 21 September 1876 and they would play a combined Australian XI, for once on even terms of 11 a side. The match, starting on 15 March 1877 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground came to be regarded as the inaugural Test match, the combined Australian XI won this Test match by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman of Australia scoring the first Test century. At the time, the match was promoted as James Lillywhites XI v Combined Victoria, the teams played a return match on the same ground at Easter,1877, when Lillywhites team avenged their loss with a victory by four wickets. The first Test match on English soil occurred in 1880 with England victorious, – The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. As a result of loss the tour of 1882–83 was dubbed by England captain Ivo Bligh as the quest to regain the ashes
7.
United Arab Emirates national cricket team
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The United Arab Emirates national cricket team is the team that represents the country of the United Arab Emirates in international cricket matches. They became a member of the International Cricket Council in 1989. Since 2005, the ICCs headquarters have been located in Dubai and they won the ICC Trophy in 1994, and played their first ODIs that year, later playing in the 1996 Cricket World Cup. Other ODI matches came in the 2004 and 2008 Asia Cups, at the 2014 World Cup Qualifier, the UAE placed second behind Scotland, qualifying for the 2015 World Cup and gaining ODI, and therefore Twenty20 International, status until 2018. In 1892, the United Kingdom took responsibility of the Sheikhdoms, and cricket was introduced by the British Army in what is now the UAE, the pitches installed by them around the air base in Sharjah were used by British and other foreign nationals after the war ended. Sharjah residents began playing the Dubai residents in the local derbies which were held in Dubai, the Garden city of Al Ain has the oldest cricket council in the whole of the UAE. The popularity of the game declined after independence in 1971, however, the local Arab population, educated in India and Pakistan, set up clubs and domestic tournaments began in the 1980s. The first match was played by the UAE national side in February 1976 against Pakistan International Airlines in Sharjah, the visitors scored 345/5 from their 50 overs and the UAE were on 88/4 from 28 overs when the game was abandoned due to rain. Wealthy locals began investing in the sport and an International standard cricket ground was constructed in Sharjah, the Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium hosted its first international event in 1984 when India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka contested the Asia Cup. The venue has gone on to host almost 200 ODIs and four Test matches, the Emirates Cricket Board was established in 1989 and gained affiliate membership of the ICC the same year. They were quickly promoted to member status the following year. Also in 1990 the national side returned to action, twice losing heavily to the Netherlands and these heavy defeats showed that much work needed to be done if the UAE were to be successful in the 1994 ICC Trophy and the ECB adopted a controversial policy. With just one native Arab selected in the shape of Sultan Zarawani, who captained the side, whilst the ICC remained relatively silent on the controversy, the national team eligibility requirements were strongly tightened for all future ICC sanctioned tournaments. The UAE played their first ODIs in 1994 when they played against India and Pakistan in the Austral-Asia Cup, which they also hosted. They finished last in a tri-series against Kenya and the Netherlands the same year and also finished last in a tournament against the A sides of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 1995. They returned to ODI cricket in the 1996 World Cup where they lost all matches except the one against the Netherlands, later in 1996 the UAE were runners-up to Bangladesh in the first ACC Trophy. The tightened eligibility rules meant that they were unable to repeat their 1994 success when they finished tenth in the 1997 ICC Trophy in Malaysia and they were beaten by Bangladesh in the semi-finals of the 1998 ACC Trophy. They won the ACC Trophy in 2000 and 2002, beating Hong Kong and Nepal in the respective finals, UAE hosted the 2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge and finished fifth, level on points with four other teams
8.
Pakistan national cricket team
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The Pakistan cricket team, also known as The Green Shirts or The Shaheens) is the national cricket team of Pakistan. Represented by the Pakistan Cricket Board, the team is a member of the International Cricket Council. Pakistan have played 871 ODIs, winning 458, losing 387, Pakistan were the 1992 World Cup champions, and were runners-up in the 1999 tournament. Pakistan, in conjunction with other countries in South Asia, have hosted the 1987 and 1996 World Cups, the team has also played 110 Twenty20 Internationals, the most of any team, winning 64 losing 43 and tying 3. Pakistan won the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 and were runners-up in the tournament in 2007. Pakistan have played 406 Test matches, with winning 130, losing 118, the team has the third-best win/loss ratio in Test cricket of 1.10, and the fifth-best overall win percentage of 32. 01%. In the 1950s, several Pakistani Test players had played Test cricket for the Indian cricket team before the creation of Pakistan in 1947, as of 31 January 2017, the Pakistani cricket team is ranked sixth in Tests, eighth in ODIs and seventh in T20Is by the ICC. Cricket in Pakistan has a history of even before the creation of the country in 1947, the first ever international cricket match in Karachi was held on 22 November 1935 between Sindh and Australian cricket teams. The match was seen by 5,000 Karachiites, the first captain of the Pakistan national cricket team was Abdul Hafeez Kardar. Pakistans first Test match was played in Delhi in October 1952 as part of a five Test series which India won 2–1. Pakistan made their first tour of England in 1954 and drew the series 1–1 after a victory at The Oval in which fast bowler Fazal Mahmood took 12 wickets. Pakistans first home Test match was in Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dacca, in January 1955 against India, after which four more Test matches were played in Bahawalpur, Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi. The team is considered a strong but unpredictable team, Pakistani contests with India in the Cricket World Cup have seen packed stadiums and elevated atmospheres no matter where the World Cup has been held. However the fans love their team, the 1986 Austral-Asia Cup, played in Sharjah in UAE, is remembered for a famous last-ball victory for Pakistan against arch-rivals India, with Javed Miandad emerging as a national hero. India batted first and set a target of 245 runs, leaving Pakistan with a run rate of 4.92 runs per over. Javed Miandad came in to bat at number 3 and Pakistan lost wickets at regular intervals, later recalling the match, Miandad stated that his main focus was to lose with dignity. With 31 runs needed in the last three overs, Miandad hit a string of boundaries while batting with his teams lower order, Miandad received a leg side full toss from Chetan Sharma, which he hit for six over the midwicket boundary. At the 1992 World Cup Semi-final, having won the toss, New Zealand chose to bat first, Pakistan batted conservatively yet lost wickets at regular intervals
9.
Cricket
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Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch with a wicket at each end. One team bats, attempting to score as many runs as possible, each phase of play is called an innings. After either ten batsmen have been dismissed or a number of overs have been completed, the innings ends. The winning team is the one that scores the most runs, including any extras gained, at the start of each game, two batsmen and eleven fielders enter the field of play. The striker takes guard on a crease drawn on the four feet in front of the wicket. His role is to prevent the ball hitting the stumps by use of his bat. The other batsman, known as the non-striker, waits at the end of the pitch near the bowler. A dismissed batsman must leave the field, and a teammate replaces him, the bowlers objectives are to prevent the scoring of runs and to dismiss the batsman. An over is a set of six deliveries bowled by the same bowler, the next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch by a different bowler. If a fielder retrieves the ball enough to put down the wicket with a batsman not having reached the crease at that end of the pitch. Adjudication is performed on the field by two umpires, the laws of cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council and the Marylebone Cricket Club. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball. Although crickets origins are uncertain, it is first recorded in south-east England in the 16th century and it spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first international matches in the mid-19th century. ICC, the governing body, has over 100 members. The sport is followed primarily in Australasia, Britain, the Indian subcontinent, southern Africa, womens cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. A number of words have been suggested as sources for the term cricket, in the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598 it is called creckett. One possible source for the name is the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff, in Samuel Johnsons Dictionary, he derived cricket from cryce, Saxon, a stick
10.
Stockbridge, Edinburgh
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Stockbridge is a suburb of Edinburgh, located towards the north of the city, bounded by the New Town and by Comely Bank. The name is Scots stock brig from Anglic stocc brycg, meaning a timber bridge, originally a small outlying village, it was incorporated into the City of Edinburgh in the 19th century. The current Stock Bridge, built in 1801, is a structure spanning the Water of Leith. The painter Henry Raeburn owned two adjoining estates, Deanhaugh and St Bernards, which he developed with the assistance of the architect James Milne, Milne was also responsible for the fine St Bernards Church in Saxe Coburg Street. Ann Street, designed by Raeburn and named after his wife, is an early example of a New Town street with private front gardens. The eastern route into Stockbridge is marked by the local landmark and this stands at the north end of St Vincent Street, its tower visible from the first New Town on the higher slope to the south. Originally intended to stand in the centre of Circus Place, it was redesigned and squeezed into its current restricted site on ground which falls sharply at the edge of the Silvermills area. It was designed by the architect William Playfair in 1827 and it is unusual for its main church being raised by a storey, accessed by a tall but relatively narrow flight of steps at its frontage. Its clock pendulum is the longest in Europe, the church stands the eastern end of St Stephen Street, a curving Georgian street of inhabited basement flats with ground floors accommodating a series of antique shops, bars and offices. A small spur on its side, St Stephen Place, leads to the old Stockbridge Market. Parallel to St Stephen Street, to the south, lies Circus Lane, the main road through Stockbridge is Raeburn Place, a street of mixed character, with numerous small shops at ground-floor level. The link from this street to the New town is via Deanhaugh Street, Saunders Street, south of the bridge, was built in 1974 as part of a slum clearance programme. The medical centre to its east is part of the same scheme, gloucester Lane marks the line of the medieval road from the village to St Cuthberts Church at the citys West End. One building close to the Stockbridge end, predates the New Town, leslie Place, dating from the late Victorian period, joins the village to the western sections of the New Town, St Bernards Crescent, Carlton Street, Danube Street, Ann Street and Dean Terrace. To the north of this is a formal area of narrower streets, Dean Street, Cheyne Street, Raeburn Street. The north-eastern route out of the area, towards Leith, runs along Hamilton Place, Dean Bank spurs off this road, running alongside the Water of Leith. Hamilton Place holds both the library and primary school. Saxe Coburg Street, a small Georgian cul-de-sac just to the north, leads to the small and this formal space was never completed due to ground level problems and Glenogle Baths were instead built on the corner of the square
11.
Scotland
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Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses
12.
Edinburgh Academy
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The Edinburgh Academy is an independent school which was opened in 1824. The original building, in Henderson Row on the fringe of the New Town of Edinburgh. The Junior School is located on Arboretum Road to the north of the citys Royal Botanic Garden, the Edinburgh Academy was originally a day and boarding school for boys. It ceased boarding and transitioned to co-education in 2008 and is now a coeducational day school. The nursery, housed in a 2008 purpose built block on the Junior campus, the Junior School admits children from age 6 to 10 whilst the Senior School takes pupils from age 10 to 18. In 1822, the founders, Henry Cockburn and Leonard Horner agreed that Edinburgh required a new school to promote classical learning. Edinburghs Royal High School provided an education, but the founders felt that greater provision was needed for the teaching of Greek. Cockburn and Horner recruited John Russell as a co-founder and the three of them, together with other interested parties, put a proposal to the City Council for the building of a new school. The City Fathers gave their approval in 1823 and fifteen Directors were elected, the main building of the Senior School, with its Greek Doric frontage, was designed by architect William Burn. The stone used was principally from the nearby Craigleith Quarry, the Foundation Stone was laid in June 1823 and the school opened for the first session in October 1824. In 1892, new classrooms were built along the wall of the site, and in 1900. At the back of the school the Dining Hall, and the Rifle Range beneath it, was opened in 1912 and after World War I and this was dedicated as a War Memorial to Edinburgh Academicals who had fallen during the hostilities of 1914 to 1918. The memorial was by Pilkington Jackson, a later plaque commemorates ex-pupils who fell in the Second World War. In 1945, a new building, Denham Green House, was acquired in the Trinity area of Edinburgh and this was used for the junior department of the Preparatory School. In 1960, a new building for the three years of the Preparatory School was completed in Inverleith. Denham Greens nursery and early years facilities were relocated to purpose built accommodation on the Preparatory schools Arboretum campus in 1987, in 1992, the Rectors residence, Academy House and in 1997, a new Games Hall were constructed on the same campus. The latter was funded by money from The Lottery and Sports Council and is for the use not only of pupils in both parts of the school but also of the community in the area. A new computing and music building was completed at the Junior School in 2005 and a new nursery and after school facility in 2008
13.
Raeburn Place
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Raeburn Place is the main street of Stockbridge, Edinburgh, and the name of the playing fields there. The first international football game was played on the playing fields at Raeburn Place on 27 March 1871 between England and Scotland. It was won by Scotland, though England got revenge at the Kennington Oval, Scotland continued to play their home internationals in Raeburn Place, and the Inverleith/Stockbridge area until the SRU acquired Murrays Field, the Edinburgh Polo ground in the 1920s. The playing fields are used by the Edinburgh Academical cricket. In 1994, the Womens Rugby World Cup final between England and the USA, which England won, was played at Raeburn Place and it was also the site of the first ever womens international for both Scotland and Ireland, occurring when the two nations met in 1993. England was the host of the 1999 Cricket World Cup, on 24 May 1999, Bangladesh played Scotland, and on 31 May 1999, Scotland played New Zealand. Rugby union in Scotland History of rugby union in Scotland Cricket in Scotland Library of the Scottish Rugby Union Edinburgh Academicals Football Club Edinburgh Academicals Cricket Club
14.
Australia national cricket team
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The Australia national cricket team, represents the country of Australia in international cricket. It is the joint oldest team in Test cricket history, having played in the first ever Test match in 1877, the team draws its players from teams playing in the Australian domestic competitions – the Sheffield Shield, the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament and the Big Bash League. The national team has played 801 Test matches, winning 377, losing 215, drawing 207, Australia is ranked the number-one team overall in Test cricket in terms of overall wins, win-loss ratio and wins percentage. As of 29 March 2017, Australia is ranked third in the ICC Test Championship on 108 rating points, the Australian cricket team has played 898 ODI matches, winning 554, losing 303, tying 9 and with 32 ending in no-result. They currently lead the ICC ODI Championship, having done so for 130 of 161 months since its introduction in 2002. Australia have made a record seven World Cup final appearances and have won the World Cup a record five times in total,1987,1999,2003,2007 and 2015 and it is also the second team to win a World Cup on home soil, after India. The team was undefeated in 34 consecutive World Cup matches until 19 March at the 2011 Cricket World Cup where Pakistan beat them by 4 wickets. Australia have also won the ICC Champions Trophy twice – in 2006 and in 2009 – making them the first and the only team to become back to back winners in the Champions Trophy tournaments. Test cricket, which occurred between Australia and England at the time, was limited by the long distance between the two countries, which would take several months by sea. Most cricketers at the time were either from New South Wales or Victoria, with the exception of George Giffen. A highlight of Australias early history was the 1882 Test match against England at The Oval, in this match Fred Spofforth took 7/44 in the games fourth innings to save the match by preventing England from making their 85-run target. This was the start of the famous Ashes series in which Australia, to this day, the contest is one of the fiercest rivalries in sport. It participated in between the 1897–98 English tour of Australia and the 1910–11 South African tour of Australia, Victor Trumper became one of Australias first sporting heroes, and was widely considered Australias greatest batsman before Bradman and one of the most popular players. He played a number of Tests at 49 and scored 3163 runs at a high for the time average of 39.04. His early death in 1915 at the age of 37 from kidney disease caused national mourning, the Wisden Cricketers Almanack, in its obituary for him, called him Australias greatest batsman, Of all the great Australian batsmen Victor Trumper was by general consent the best and most brilliant. Led by Peter McAlister, who was attempting to gain control of tours from the players. This led to six leading players walking out on the 1912 Triangular Tournament in England and this was the last series before the war, and no more cricket was played by Australia for eight years, with Tibby Cotter being killed in Palestine during the war. Test cricket resumed in the 1920/21 season in Australia with a touring English team, captained by Johnny Douglas losing all five Tests to Australia, the team continued its success on the 1921 Tour of England, winning three out of the five Tests in Warwick Armstrongs last series
15.
W. G. Grace
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William Gilbert W. G. Grace, MRCS, LRCP was an English amateur cricketer who was important in the development of the sport and is widely considered one of its greatest-ever players. Universally known as W. G. Right-handed as both batsman and bowler, Grace dominated the sport during his career and his technical innovations and enormous influence left a lasting legacy. An outstanding all-rounder, he excelled at all the skills of batting, bowling and fielding. He is held to have invented modern batsmanship, usually opening the innings, he was particularly admired for his mastery of all strokes, and his level of expertise was said by contemporary reviewers to be unique. He generally captained the teams he played for at all levels because of his skill, Grace came from a cricketing family, E. M. Grace was one of his elder brothers and Fred Grace his younger brother. In 1880, they were members of the same England team, Grace took part in other sports also, he was a champion 440-yard hurdler as a young man and played football for the Wanderers. In later life, he developed enthusiasm for golf, lawn bowls and he qualified as a medical practitioner in 1879. Because of his profession, he was nominally an amateur cricketer. He was a competitive player and, although he was one of the most famous men in England, he was also one of the most controversial on account of his gamesmanship. W. G. Grace was born in Downend, near Bristol, on 18 July 1848 at his parents home, Downend House, and was baptised at the local church on 8 August. He was called Gilbert in the circle, except by his mother who called him Willie. His parents were Henry Mills Grace and Martha, who were married in Bristol on Thursday,3 November 1831 and lived out their lives at Downend, where Henry Grace was the local GP. Downend is near Mangotsfield and, although it is now a suburb of Bristol, it was then a village surrounded by countryside. Henry and Martha Grace had nine children in all, the number as Victoria and Albert –. Grace was the child in the family, he had three older brothers, including E. M. and four older sisters. Only Fred, born in 1850, was younger than W. G. Grace began his Cricketing Reminiscences by answering a question he had frequently been asked, i. e. was he born a cricketer. His answer was in the negative because he believed that cricketers are made by coaching and practice, though he adds that if he was not born a cricketer and his father and mother were full of enthusiasm for the game and it was a common theme of conversation at home. All nine children in the Grace family, including the four daughters, were encouraged to play cricket although the girls, Grace claimed that he first handled a cricket bat at the age of two
16.
Don Bradman
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Sir Donald George Don Bradman, AC, often referred to as The Don, was an Australian cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradmans career Test batting average of 99.94 is often cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport, the story that the young Bradman practised alone with a cricket stump and a golf ball is part of Australian folklore. Bradmans meteoric rise from bush cricket to the Australian Test team took just over two years, before his 22nd birthday, he had set many records for top scoring, some of which still stand, and became Australias sporting idol at the height of the Great Depression. During a 20-year playing career, Bradman consistently scored at a level that made him, in the words of former Australia captain Bill Woodfull, a controversial set of tactics, known as Bodyline, was specifically devised by the England team to curb his scoring. As a captain and administrator, Bradman was committed to attacking, entertaining cricket and he hated the constant adulation, however, and it affected how he dealt with others. The focus of attention on his individual performances strained relationships with some team-mates, administrators and journalists, following an enforced hiatus due to the Second World War, he made a dramatic comeback, captaining an Australian team known as The Invincibles on a record-breaking unbeaten tour of England. Bradmans image has appeared on stamps and coins, and a museum dedicated to his life was opened while he was still living. Donald George Bradman was the youngest son of George and Emily Bradman and he had a brother, Victor, and three sisters—Islet, Lilian and Elizabeth May. One of his great-grandfathers was one of the first Italians to migrate to Australia in 1826, Bradmans parents lived in the hamlet of Yeo Yeo, near Stockinbingal. His mother Emily gave birth to him at the Cootamundra home of Granny Scholz and that house is now the Bradman Birthplace Museum. Bradman practised batting incessantly during his youth and he invented his own solo cricket game, using a cricket stump for a bat, and a golf ball. A water tank, mounted on a curved brick stand, stood on an area behind the family home. When hit into the brick facing of the stand, the ball rebounded at high speed. This form of practice developed his timing and reactions to a high degree, in more formal cricket, he hit his first century at the age of 12, with an undefeated 115 playing for Bowral Public School against Mittagong High School. In 1920–21, Bradman acted as scorer for the local Bowral team, in October 1920, he filled in when the team was one man short, scoring 37 not out and 29 not out on debut. During the season, Bradmans father took him to the Sydney Cricket Ground to watch the fifth Ashes Test match, on that day, Bradman formed an ambition. I shall never be satisfied, he told his father, until I play on this ground, Bradman left school in 1922 and went to work for a local real estate agent who encouraged his sporting pursuits by giving him time off when necessary. He gave up cricket in favour of tennis for two years, but resumed playing cricket in 1925–26, Bradman became a regular selection for the Bowral team, several outstanding performances earned him the attention of the Sydney daily press
17.
Brian Lara
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Brian Charles Lara, TC, OCC, AM is a former Trinidadian international cricket player. He is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, Lara also holds the record for the highest individual score in a Test innings after scoring 400 not out against England at Antigua in 2004. He is the only batsman to have scored a century, a double century, a triple century, a quadruple century. Lara also shares the test record of scoring the highest number of runs in a single over in a Test match, Brian Lara was appointed honorary member of the Order of Australia on 27 November 2009. In 2013, Lara received Honorary Life Membership of the MCC becoming the 31st West Indian to receive the honor, Brian Lara is popularly nicknamed as The Prince of Port of Spain or simply The Prince. He has the distinction of playing in the second highest number of test matches in which his team was on the losing side. Brian was the 10th of 11 children and his father Bunty and one of his older sisters Agnes Cyrus enrolled him in the local Harvard Coaching Clinic at the age of six for weekly coaching sessions on Sundays. As a result, Lara had an early education in correct batting technique. Laras first school was St. Josephs Roman Catholic primary and he then went to San Juan Secondary School, which is located on Moreau Road, Lower Santa Cruz. A year later, at fourteen years old, he moved on to Fatima College where he started his development as a young player under cricket coach Mr. Harry Ramdass. Aged 14, he amassed 745 runs in the league, with an average of 126.16 per innings. When he was 15 years old, he played in his first West Indian under-19 youth tournament, Lara moved in with his future fellow Trinidadian cricketer Michael Carew in Woodbrook, Port of Spain. Michaels father Joey Carew worked with him on his cricketing and personal career development, Michael got Lara his first job at Angostura Ltd. in the marketing department. 1987 was a year for Lara, when in the West Indies Youth Championships he scored 498 runs breaking the record of 480 by Carl Hooper set the previous year. He captained the tournament-winning Trinidad and Tobago, who profited from a match-winning 116 from Lara, in January 1988, Lara made his first-class debut for Trinidad and Tobago in the Red Stripe Cup against Leeward Islands. In his second match he made 92 against a Barbados attack containing Joel Garner and Malcolm Marshall. Later in the year, he captained the West Indies team in Australia for the Bicentennial Youth World Cup where the West Indies reached the semi-finals. Later that year, his innings of 182 as captain of the West Indies under 23 XI against the touring Indian team further elevated his reputation
18.
Shane Warne
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Shane Keith Warne is an Australian former international cricketer, widely regarded as one of the best bowlers in the history of the game. He was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in the 1994 Wisden Cricketers Almanack and he was the Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World 1997. He was named Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World for the year 2004 in 2005 Wisden Cricketers Almanack and he is also a cricket commentator and a professional poker player. He officially retired from all formats in July 2013, Warne played his first Test match in 1992, and took over 1000 international wickets, second to this milestone after Sri Lankas Muttiah Muralitharan. Warnes 708 Test wickets was the record for the most wickets taken by any bowler in Test cricket, as well as the Australian National Cricket Team, he also played Australian domestic cricket for his home state of Victoria, and English domestic cricket for Hampshire. He was captain of Hampshire for three seasons, from 2005 to 2007 and he retired from international cricket in January 2007, at the end of Australias 5–0 Ashes series victory over England. Following his retirement from cricket, Warne played a full season at Hampshire in 2007. In March 2008, Warne signed to play in the Indian Premier League for the Jaipur team, Rajasthan Royals in the first edition of the tournament and he led his team to victory against the Chennai Super Kings in a cliffhanger of a final match on 1 June 2008. Shane Warne was born to Keith and Bridgette Warne on 13 September 1969 in Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria and he attended Hampton High School from Grades 7–9, after which he was offered a sports scholarship to attend Mentone Grammar. Warne spent his three years of school at Mentone. His first representative honours came when in 1983/84 season he represented University of Melbourne Cricket Club in the then Victorian Cricket Association under 16 Dowling Shield competition and he bowled a mixture of leg-spin and off-spin and was also a handy lower order batsman. The following season he joined the St Kilda Cricket Club near his home suburb of Black Rock and he started in the lower elevens and over a number of seasons progressed to the first eleven. During the cricket offseason in 1987 Warne played five games of Australian rules football for the St Kilda Football Clubs under 19 team. In 1988 Warne once again played for the St Kilda Football Clubs under 19 team before being upgraded to the reserves team, following the 1988 Victorian Football League season Warne was delisted by St Kilda and began to focus solely on cricket. He was later chosen to train at the AIS Australian Cricket Academy in 1990 in Adelaide, Warne joined English team Accrington Cricket Club in 1991. He enjoyed a season with the ball, taking 73 wickets at 15.4 each. The committee at Accrington Cricket Club decided not to him for the 1992 Lancashire League season as he was not seen to be good enough. Warne made his first-class cricket debut on 15 February 1991, taking 0/61 and he was then selected for the Australia B team which toured Zimbabwe in September 1991
19.
Andrew Flintoff
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Andrew Freddie Flintoff MBE is an English professional cricketer. A former England Test international, he has played for Lancashire, Chennai Super Kings in the IPL. Flintoff also competed once as a boxer in 2012. A tall fast bowler, batsman and slip fielder, Flintoff was consistently rated by the ICC as being among the top international all-rounders in both ODI and Test cricket. Following his debut in 1998, he became a player for England. However, he suffered injuries throughout his international career, often due to his heavy frame. During the period 2007–09 he played in only 13 of Englands 36 Test matches and he then had one professional boxing engagement on 30 November 2012 in Manchester, beating American Richard Dawson on a points decision. After a poor season with the Heat, he announced his final retirement, on 15 March 2015, Flintoff won the first series of the Australian version of Im a Celebrity. Get Me Out of Here. Flintoff also hosted the 2015 series Special Forces – Ultimate Hell Week, Flintoffs father Colin was a plumber and factory maintenance worker and the captain of Dutton Forshaw second XI cricket team. As a boy he played cricket for the Lancashire Schools under-11s and under-15s teams and he then played for 2½ years in the England under-19 team. Flintoff was captain of the England Under-19 team for their Test match tour to Pakistan in 1996/7, nonetheless, his struggle to make the grade at county level continued, he found form only intermittently, though often explosively when he did so. In 2000, he hit 135 not out in the Quarter-finals of the Natwest Trophy against Surrey, although he lost his England place during 2001, he remodelled his bowling action and gained a place on the 2001–02 tour to India. In 2002, he scored his maiden Test century, by 2003, a newer, fitter Flintoff started to justify the comparisons with Botham. Up to the end of 2002, he had averaged just 19 with the bat and 47 with the ball, from 2003 to the end of the 2005 Ashes series, the corresponding figures were 43 and 28. In early 2004 he was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year and he matched this haul in the Second Test against the West Indies at Edgbaston in July, hitting a first-class best figure of 167. During this innings, watched by a crowd of 20,000, a man stood to claim the catch and dropped it – it was Flintoffs father. Over the course of Englands record-breaking summer, he hit a half-century in all seven victorious Tests against New Zealand and the West Indies. At the end of the season he was named as the winner of the ICC Award for one-day player of the year
20.
One Day International
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A One Day International is a form of limited overs cricket, played between two teams with international status, in which each team faces a fixed number of overs, usually 50. The Cricket World Cup is played in this format, One Day International matches are also called Limited Overs Internationals, although this generic term may also refer to Twenty20 International matches. They are major matches and considered the highest standard of limited overs competition, the international one-day game is a late twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. When the first three days of the third Test were washed out officials decided to abandon the match and, instead, Australia won the game by 5 wickets. ODIs were played in kits with a red ball. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. Matches played with coloured kits and a white ball became more commonplace over time, and the use of white flannels, in the main the Laws of cricket apply. However, in ODIs, each team bats for a number of overs. In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60 overs per side, and matches were played with 40,45 or 55 overs per side. Simply stated, the works as follows, An ODI is contested by 2 teams of 11 players each. The Captain of the winning the toss chooses to either bat or bowl first. The team batting first sets the score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the side is all out or all of the first sides allotted overs are completed. Each bowler is restricted to bowling a maximum of 10 overs, therefore, each team must comprise at least five competent bowlers. The team batting second tries to score more than the score in order to win the match. Similarly, the side bowling second tries to out the second team or make them exhaust their overs before they reach the target score in order to win. If the number of runs scored by both teams is equal when the team loses all of its wickets or exhausts all its overs
21.
Cricket World Cup
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The ICC Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day International cricket. The event is organised by the governing body, the International Cricket Council, every four years. The tournament is one of the worlds most viewed sporting events and is considered the event of the international cricket calendar by the ICC. The first World Cup was organised in England in June 1975, the first three World Cups were held in England. From the 1987 tournament onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under a rotation system, with fourteen ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament. A total of twenty teams have competed in the editions of the tournament. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India, Pakistan, the best performance by a non-full-member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The first international match was played between Canada and the United States, on 24 and 25 September 1844. However, the first credited Test match was played in 1877 between Australia and England, and the two teams competed regularly for The Ashes in subsequent years, South Africa was admitted to Test status in 1889. Representative cricket teams were selected to each other, resulting in bilateral competition. Cricket was also included as an Olympic sport at the 1900 Paris Games and this was the only appearance of cricket at the Summer Olympics. The event was not a success, the summer was exceptionally wet, making play difficult on damp uncovered pitches, since then, international Test cricket has generally been organised as bilateral series, a multilateral Test tournament was not organised again until the triangular Asian Test Championship in 1999. The number of nations playing Test cricket increased gradually over time, with the addition of West Indies in 1928, New Zealand in 1930, India in 1932, however, international cricket continued to be played as bilateral Test matches over three, four or five days. In the early 1960s, English county cricket teams playing a shortened version of cricket which only lasted for one day. Starting in 1962 with a knockout competition known as the Midlands Knock-Out Cup. A national Sunday League was formed in 1969 and it was a forty over game with eight balls per over. In the late 1970s, Kerry Packer established the rival World Series Cricket competition, the first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. The inaugural Cricket World Cup was hosted in 1975 by England, the 1975 tournament started on 7 June
22.
1999 Cricket World Cup
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The 1999 ICC Cricket World Cup, the seventh edition of the tournament, was hosted primarily by England, with some games being hosted in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and the Netherlands. The World Cup was won by Australia, who beat Pakistan by 8 wickets at Lords Cricket Ground in London, New Zealand and South Africa were the other semi-finalists. The 12 contesting teams were divided into two groups, each team played all the others in their group during the league stage. The top three from each advanced to the Super Sixes, a new concept for the 1999 World Cup. The teams also carried forward their points from the games against the qualifiers from their group. The top four in the Super Sixes contested the semi-finals, the nine full members contested the World Cup along with three associate members, Kenya, and for the first time, Bangladesh and Scotland who all qualified through the 1997 ICC Trophy. Scotland played two of their Group B matches in their home becoming the first associate nation to host games in a World Cup. One Group B match was played in Wales and Ireland, while one Group A match was played in the Netherlands, points carried forward did not change once in the Super Sixes. Lance Klusener of South Africa was declared the Player of the Tournament, rahul Dravid of India scored most runs in the tournament. Geoff Allott of New Zealand and Shane Warne of Australia tied each other for most wickets taken in the tournament, a controversial new type of cricket ball, the white ‘Duke’, was introduced for the first time in the 1999 World Cup. Despite claims from makers British Cricket Balls Ltd that the balls behaved identically to the used in previous World Cups, they were proven to be harder. The host broadcasters for television coverage of the tournament were Sky, in the UK, live games were divided between the broadcasters, with both screening the final live. This was BBC Televisions last live cricket coverage, with England home Test series being on Channel 4 or Sky from 1999 onwards, Cricket World Cup 1999 Scorecards in CricketFundas Cricket World Cup 1999 from Cricinfo
23.
John Blain (cricketer)
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John Angus Rae Blain is a Scottish first-class cricketer. He is a batsman, and a right-arm fast-medium pace bowler. Attaining his first cap in 1996, Blain became Scotlands youngest-capped cricketer since 1890 and he played during the 1996 European Championship taking seven wickets at 9.85. Blain was initially signed as a footballer to Falkirk but decided to switch to cricket, signing for Northamptonshire and he played for Yorkshire League side, Rotherham Cricket Club in 2007, and was due to sign for the Scottish League side, Ferguslie, in 2008. The move fell through, and Blain played for the Scottish Saltires and he appeared in all Scotlands games at the 1999 and 2007 World Cups. He finished the 1999 event with 10 wickets at 21 with a rate of 22.3. Blain was named as coach of Grange Cricket Club. He also played as player-cum-coach with West of Scotland Cricket Club from 2010 to 2013 and he was name head coach of newly formed team Eastern Knights which will play in Regional Pro Series. Cricket Europe Stats Zone profile Cricket Archive profile
24.
New Zealand national cricket team
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The New Zealand cricket team, nicknamed the Black Caps, are the national cricket team representing New Zealand. They played their first Test in 1930 against England in Christchurch, New Zealand, from 1930 New Zealand had to wait until 1956, more than 26 years, for its first test victory, against the West Indies at Eden Park in Auckland. They played their first ODI in the 1972–73 season against Pakistan in Christchurch, the current Test, One-day and Twenty20 captain is Kane Williamson, who replaced Brendon McCullum who announced his retirement in late December,2015. The national team is organised by New Zealand Cricket, the New Zealand cricket team became known as the Black Caps in January 1998, after its sponsor at the time, Clear Communications, held a competition to choose a name for the team. Official New Zealand Cricket sources typeset the nickname as BLACKCAPS and this is one of many national team nicknames related to the All Blacks. As of February 2017, New Zealand have played 419 Test matches, winning 89, losing 169, as of February 2017, the New Zealand cricket team is ranked 5th in Tests, 3rd in ODIs and 1st in T20Is by the ICC. New Zealand reached the final match in the ICC Cricket World Cup for the first time in its history, darwin in The Voyage of the Beagle wrote, several young men redeemed by the missionaires from slavery were employed on the farm. In the evening I saw a party of them at cricket, the first recorded game of cricket in New Zealand took place in Wellington in December 1842. The Wellington Spectator reports a game on 28 December 1842 played by a Red team, the first fully recorded match was reported by the Examiner in Nelson between the Surveyors and Nelson in March 1844. The first team to tour New Zealand was Parrs all England XI in 1863–64, between 1864 and 1914,22 foreign teams toured New Zealand. England sent 6 teams, Australia 15 and one from Fiji, on 15–17 February 1894 the first team representing New Zealand played New South Wales at Lancaster Park in Christchurch. New South Wales won by 160 runs, New South Wales returned again in 1895–96 and New Zealand won the solitary game by 142 runs, its first victory. The New Zealand Cricket Council was formed towards the end of 1894, New Zealand played its first two internationals in 1904–05 against a star-studded Australia team containing such players as Victor Trumper, Warwick Armstrong and Clem Hill. They played 26 first class matches, mostly against county sides and they managed to beat Worcestershire, Glamorgan, Somerset, and Derbyshire. On the strength of the performances of this tour New Zealand was granted Test status, in 1929/30 the M. C. C toured NZ and played 4 Tests all of 3 days in duration. New Zealand lost its first Test match but drew the next 3, in the second Test Stewie Dempster and Jackie Mills put on 276 for the first wicket. This is still the highest partnership for New Zealand against England, New Zealands first Test after the war was against Australia in 1945/46. This game was not considered a Test at the time but it was granted Test status retrospectively by the International Cricket Council in March 1948
25.
Chris Harris (cricketer)
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Chris Zinzan Harris is a former New Zealand cricketer who had become, over the course of the 1990s, a folk-hero in New Zealand cricket. In first-class cricket Harris has played 128 matches and scored over 7000 runs at an average of over 45 and he has taken over 120 wickets at an average of 38, with best figures of 4/22. However, his test career was limited to just 23 Tests, where his average with the bat was only around 20, in these matches he also scored over 4300 runs at an average of 29 and has over 90 catches in the field. Harris also has a reputation for his abilities as a close fielder, achieving many run-outs with accurate throwing from positions such as square leg. Harris had been a genuine pace bowler – albeit a wayward one – as a junior cricketer, but decided, under the watchful eye of mentor John Bracewell, to sacrifice a few yards of pace for accuracy. Harris currently in second in the list of on the record for the most caught. Chris Harris holds the record for scoring the most number of ODI runs when batting at number 7 position, unfortunately, Harriss performance in his 250th match was curtailed by a serious shoulder injury, and for some time the future of his career was in doubt. In his early post-shoulder injury games, he was forced to remove the medium slow from his repertoire, performances for the New Zealand A side in September 2005 were more promising, however, with several very economical performances against Sri Lanka A. In 2007 Harris played for Bacup in the Lancashire League and finished the season as the Leagues highest wicket-taker with 82 at 13.08, Harris was the captain of the Indian Cricket Leagues Hyderabad Heroes. Harris is also a sensation at the version of the game and represented Canterbury. Harris become one of many international cricketers to move to Zimbabwe to be involved in the countrys cricket. Harriss father Zin Harris was also a New Zealand international player, All three of these player share the family traditional name of Zinzan, also shared by a distant relation, former All Black Zinzan Brooke. During the 2012–13 season, Harris played club cricket as a player/coach for Papatoetoe Cricket Club, Auckland, since the 2013-14 season, Harris has joined the Sydenham Cricket Club, Christchurch, New Zealand and was selected as the clubs Player of the Year. Harris became the Premier teams Player/Coach at the start of the 2014-15 season, Chris Harris at ESPNcricinfo Rattue, Chris. My life in sport, Chris Harris
26.
Adil Rashid
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Adil Usman Rashid is an English cricketer who plays for Yorkshire. Previously a player with England Under-19s, in December 2008, he was called into the full England Test squad and he was then selected for the full tour of the West Indies. He made his Test debut on 13 October 2015 against Pakistan in the UAE, as a leg spinner, Rashid received coaching from Terry Jenner as part of an ECB programme to encourage wrist-spinners. Rashid is only the third Yorkshire-born Asian to play cricket for Yorkshire. In 2006, ECB bowling coach David Parsons considered him the most talented young leg-spinner in the country, Rashid was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire, and is of Pakistani background. Like his England teammate Moeen Ali, he belongs to the Mirpuri community, Rashid showed promise from a young age, Jenner spotted him as a 14-year-old, and, in early July 2005, aged 17, he took 6–13 for Yorkshires Academy team. A few days later he hit 111 for Yorkshire Cricket Board Under-17s against their Cheshire equivalents in the Under-17s County Championship, in 2006, he played a number of games for Yorkshire Second XI, making four successive centuries. This form, combined with an injury to Darren Lehmann. Rashid made his debut against Warwickshire at North Marine Road, Scarborough and he took 6–67 in the second innings. Rashid was called up by England Under-19s for the first Test against India Under-19s at Canterbury, he made 13 and 23, in the second Test, at Taunton, he produced an excellent all-round display, scoring 114 and 48 and claiming 8–157 and 2–45. He also played in the third Test at the Denis Compton Oval in Shenley and that winter, he suffered from a stress fracture in his back. However, he recovered enough to be picked for the 2006–07 England A tour of Bangladesh, though his statistics in one first-class. He started 2007 at Lords, turning out for MCC against the 2006 champion county, Sussex. Rashids first County Championship game of the season, at The Oval against Surrey a few later, saw him hit 86 in the first innings. This established a new record for that wicket for Yorkshire against Surrey. At the end of April, he took 5–88 against Durham at Headingley and this would be a test for the young spinner as he had to bowl against the likes of Sachin Tendulkar, VVS Laxman, Wasim Jaffer, Mahendra Singh Dhoni and Sourav Ganguly. Rashid spoke to Sky Sports about the chance to bowl at Tendulkar and he also stated Im not daunted. It will be quite a challenge for me, bowling against the likes of Tendulkar
27.
David Hussey
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David John Hussey is an Australian cricketer. Hussey is a batsman and can also bowl right-arm offbreaks. He is the brother of former Australian Test cricketer Michael Hussey. Hussey scored 212 not out as his side scored a record 455/7 in the 4th innings to beat New South Wales in Newcastle and he finished the Australian season with an aggregate 857 runs at an average of 61. In 2004–05 his four-day form let him down and he was dropped from the Victorian Pura Cup side, Hussey unsuccessfully asked Cricket Victoria for a release to return to Western Australia. Another modest Pura Cup season for Victoria in 2005–06 saw him make 500 runs at an average of just over 30 and it was again in the one day arena where he impressed as he smashed 535 runs at 76.42. This tally included 130 against Queensland and he won the states limited-overs player-of-the-year award, in 2006–07 he repeated his Newcastle heroics with another match winning unbeaten century to beat NSW in the 4th innings. Captaining the side in the absence of Cameron White and Brad Hodge, the winning runs came from his bat with a 6 off Stuart MacGill. It took his first thousand-run season in 2007–08 before he was chosen for a tour, the ODI series in the West Indies in 2008. In February 2008 Hussey made the second fastest Australian domestic one-day hundred, Hussey played as a Twenty20 allrounder, bowling in all Victorias matches with success. In 2007–08 Hussey was named Victorias Player of the Year in all three cricket formats. Hussey started his English cricket career at Horsham Cricket Club in Sussex, since 2004 Hussey has played for county side Nottinghamshire. In the English summer of 2004 Hussey score 1208 runs for Nottinghamshire, in 2005 he had another prolific season, scoring 1231 runs. He hit two centuries and one century, 232* against Warwickshire as his county went on to win the championship. In the subsequent county season Hussey scored a career best 275, off just 227 balls and his record for the year was an exceptional 1,219 runs at 93.76. Hussey signed for Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club for the 2008 and 2009 seasons and he returned to Notts for the majority of the 2010 season, and left the county at the end of the 2013 season, signing off with a century against Somerset in the County Championships. During his final season he also helped Notts beat Glamorgan by 87 runs to win the YB40 final at Lords, in 2004 Hussey played four one-day internationals for Australia A scoring a century against the West Indies. In September 2007 David toured Pakistan with the Australia A team, Hussey made his international Twenty20 debut for Australia against India at the MCG on 1 February 2008
28.
Paul Stirling
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Paul Robert Stirling is an Irish cricketer. Considered as one of the best batsmen to play for Ireland, Stirling is the opening batsman for Ireland and he debuted in first-class cricket in March 2008, playing for Ireland in the Intercontinental Cup. The same year Stirling made his debut in One Day Internationals, having represented Middlesexs youth sides and Second XI, Stirling signed a contract with the club in December 2009. A month later he was awarded a contract with Cricket Ireland and he made his twenty20 and List A debuts for Middlesex in 2010 and 2011 respectively. In July 2009, Stirling scored his maiden first-class century, in Irelands opening match of the 2009–10 ICC Intercontinental Cup, he opened the batting with Jeremy Bray and in the first innings scored 100. Stirling was a member of the Ireland squad that participated in 2010 Under-19 World Cup hosted by New Zealand in January, the team were runners-up to Bangladesh in the Plate Championship, finishing tenth overall out of 16 teams. Stirling was the teams leading run-scorer, with 209 from five matches, in December 2009 Stirling signed a three-year contract with Middlesex County Cricket Club, joining former Ireland international Eoin Morgan at the club. His batting for Ireland in 2009 highlighted his potential, the following month Cricket Ireland, the governing body for cricket in Ireland, awarded Stirling a full-time contract. He was one of six players to be awarded contracts with Cricket Ireland. Before that players were amateurs relying on income from other jobs, the contract allowed Stirling and the others to focus on cricket, with the aim of improving ahead of the 2011 World Cup. After the 2011 Cricket World Cup, Stirling broke into Middlesexs one-day side during the 2011 season, although Middlesex failed to progress beyond the group stages of the 2011 Clydesdale Bank 40, Stirling enjoyed personal success. Scoring 535 runs from 12 matches, he was Middlesexs leading run-scorer, during an innings of 68 against Yorkshire, one of Stirlings two half-centuries in the competition, he passed 2,000 runs in List A cricket. Towards the end of the competition Stirling struck his first century in Middlesex colours, an attacking half-century from Stirling in the final innings of the match helped secure victory for Ireland. Later that same month Stirling scored his second first-class century and his innings of 107, beating his previous highest score of 100, came off just 79 deliveries and helped Ireland to their second win of the Intercontinental Cup. In August 2010, Stirling was nominated in the Emerging Player of the Year and he was the only associate member to be nominated in the Emerging Player category, the other 15 players coming from Test-playing countries. Irelands had most nominees in the Associate and Affiliate category, with Trent Johnston and he did not make the short list in either category. On 7 September 2010, during a One Day International against Canada, Stirling made his maiden List-A century, in doing so, Stirling made the highest individual score for Ireland in an One Day International. Stirling was selected in Irelands 15-man squad for the 2011 World Cup, Ireland won two out of six matches, which was not sufficient to progress beyond the group stage, but finished on a high by beating the Netherlands
29.
Ireland cricket team
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The Ireland cricket team is the cricket team representing all of Ireland. They are an Associate member of the International Cricket Council, Ireland played their first ODI in 2006 against England. Since then, they have gone on to play 101 ODIs, resulting in 45 victories,47 defeats,6 no results, contracts for players were introduced in 2009, marking the transition to becoming a professional team. Cricket Ireland is the governing body in Ireland. Cricket was introduced to Ireland in the 19th century, and the first match played by an Ireland team was in 1855, Ireland toured Canada and the United States in the late 19th century, and occasionally hosted matches against touring side. Rivalry with the Scotland national cricket team was established when the teams first played each other in 1888, Irelands maiden first-class match was played in 1902. In 1993 the Irish Cricket Union, the predecessor to Cricket Ireland, was elected to the ICC as an Associate member, Associates are the next level of team below those that play Test cricket. Due to their successes in the Intercontinental Cup and at the World Cup and this would allow Ireland to become a permanent One Day International playing nation and eventually grant them Test status. Ireland qualified for the Cricket World Cup for the first time in 2007 and they also qualified for the 2009,2010,2012, and 2014 World Twenty20 competitions. Ireland also play cricket in the ICC Intercontinental Cup, which they have won four times since 2005. Cricket was introduced to Ireland by the English in the towns of Kilkenny, in the 1830s, the game began to spread, many of the clubs which were founded in the following 30 years are still in existence today. The first Irish national team played in 1855 against The Gentlemen of England in Dublin, in the 1850s, the Englishman Charles Lawrence was responsible for developing the game in Ireland through his coaching. In the 1850s and 1860s, Ireland was visited for the first time by touring professional teams, Irelands first match against Marylebone Cricket Club was in 1858. The game gained popularity until the early 1880s, the land war in the 1880s resulting from the Irish Land Commission and a ban on playing foreign games, in practice, British, by the Gaelic Athletic Association set back the spread of cricket. The ban was lifted in 1970, and before then anyone playing foreign games, such as cricket was banned from the Irish games such as hurling, Irish teams toured Canada and the USA in 1879,1888,1892, and 1909. On top of this, Ireland defeated a touring South African side in 1904 and their first match with first-class status was played on 19 May 1902 against a London County side including W. G. Grace. The Irish, captained by Sir Tim OBrien, won convincingly by 238 runs, after the 1902 tour of England, where four matches yielded one win, two draws and one loss, Ireland did not play first-class cricket again for five years. In 1909, the first annual first-class match between Ireland and Scotland was held, and a match against the M. C. C. was arranged from 1924 onwards
30.
Aaron Finch
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Finch is a top order batsman, and occasional left arm orthodox spinner. Finch currently holds the record for the highest innings in a Twenty20 International match,156 and he scored his maiden first-class double century on 29 October 2015 while batting for Cricket Australia XI against New Zealanders in a tour match. Finch used to play at Colac West Cricket Club as a junior where he was a keeper for his side. A right-handed batsman, he played in the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka, Finch got his opportunity in the State side in the 2009/10 season. He hit his maiden first class century against Tasmania at the MCG and he combined with 3rd wicket partner David Hussey for a contribution of 212. He was eventually out caught behind for 102, Aaron Finch made a promising start to the 2010 Airtel Champions League Twenty20 in South Africa, for Victorian Bushrangers. On 7 October 2012, while filling in as captain, Finch struck a record 154 runs at the Gabba against an unthreatening Queensland bowling attack and this is the highest score for a Victorian in domestic one day cricket. Aaron Finch played for the Melbourne Renegades in the inaugural Big Bash League season in 2011, in 2012, he became the captain of the Melbourne Renegades, and was the Big Bash League player of the year. On 11 February 2014, Yorkshire County Cricket Club announced the signing of Finch, in July 2014, he played for the MCC side in the Bicentenary Celebration match at Lords. Finch top scored with 181 not out, as the MCC XI won the match by 7 wickets and his hard hitting made Australian selectors to give Finch his first international appearance in T20 International against England on 12 January 2011. After two years, Finch made his first ODI appearance on 11 January 2013 against Sri Lanka, finchs innings included 14 sixes and 11 fours. The previous record was 123 runs, scored by Brendon McCullum of New Zealand, Finch received Man of the Match award in a Twenty 20 game against England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 14 January 2011. Finch was selected as part of Australias 2015 Cricket World Cup squad, eventually, he was reinstated for the last two matches of Australias campaign. On 31 August 2016, Finch scored the joint fastest half century by an Australian in ODIs and he achieved this feat against Sri Lanka in Dambulla by reaching to 50 run mark in 18 balls and equaled Simon ODonnells 26 year old feat. Before the second ODI, of that series Wade was ruled out of due to back injury. Aaron Finch was the second fastest to score 1000 runs in T20I history in 29 innings just behind Virat Kohli and was also the fastest Australian to achieve this feat, Finch was first drafted into the Rajasthan Royals squad in 2010. He was picked up by the Delhi Daredevils IPL franchise in the 2011 IPL Player Auction for US$300,000 and he continued with them for two seasons and was later picked up by Pune Warriors India in 2013. He had two half centuries and a Player of the Match award to his name in the 2013 Indian Premier League, on 12 February 2014 he was bought by the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the IPL Player Auction for 640,000 USD
31.
Shaun Marsh
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Nicknamed SOS, he is a left-handed opening batsman and very occasional spin bowler. Marsh and his younger brother Mitchell attended Wesley College in Perth where they excelled in cricket, in 1998 Shaun set the record, which was broken ten years later, for the highest average in the Public Schools Associations Darlot Cup cricket competition. After representing Western Australia at Under 17 and Under 19 level, at the 2001–02 tournament in New Zealand, which Australia won, he scored the fourth most runs for the tournament, with the captain of the Australian side, Cameron White being the leading run scorer. During this time, Marsh made his first-class cricket debut in 2000–01, Marsh was signed by Walsden Cricket Club for the 2004 season after they received many recommendations from former professionals about the next best thing to come out of Australia since Steve Waugh. The recommendations turned out to be correct as Marsh had a season with the bat. Marsh scored 1139 runs at an average of 56.95 and was used as a bowler during his time at Walsden taking 46 wickets at an average of 17.76. Marsh was also a part of Walsdens Wood Cup winning team during this season. In October 2002, Marsh was named to play for Western Australia against the touring English XI in a practice match prior to the 2002–03 Ashes. Marsh top scored for the match with 92 runs against an English bowling attack consisting of Matthew Hoggard, Stephen Harmison, Andy Caddick and Ashley Giles. He was not selected for the match held soon after. Marsh would play in nine ING Cup games and three Pura Cup during the 2002–03 season and he made his maiden first-class hundred against a NSW side featuring Steve and Mark Waugh in 2003. Over the next few years, he cemented his position in the Warriors middle order, averaging over 35 in first class cricket in 2004–05 and he was named in the Australia-A side for a mid-year tournament in Cairns in July 2006. After a relatively poor 2006–07 season, he returned to top form in 2007–08 in all forms of the game. In first-class cricket, he made his highest career score of 166 not out (as part of a 268 run 4th-wicket partnership with Luke Pomersbach, in the 2007–08 Ford Ranger Cup 50-over competition, Marsh made his debut century and was the Warriors top run scorer. In Twenty20 cricket, he was the leading run scorer with the highest average. At the end of the season, he was named the Lawrie Sawle Medallist for being the best player in the Western Australian state cricket team for the 2007–08 season. He was highly sought after for the Big Bash League due to being regarded as one of the top domestic Twenty20 players in the world and he ultimately chose to stay in WA and play for the Perth Scorchers. A frank discussion with former teammate and new Western Australian coach Justin Langer helped Marsh regain his confidence and eventually his place in the state team, He laid down the laws for me
Scotland v 
Bangladesh
England
United Arab Emirates
Pakistan
Australia
Ireland
Afghanistan
Hong Kong
Zimbabwe