1.
Dana Point, California
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Dana Point is a city located in southern Orange County, California. The population was 33,351 at the 2010 census and it has one of the few harbors along the Orange County coast, and with ready access via State Route 1, it is a popular local destination for surfing. The city was named after the headland of Dana Point, which was in turn named after Richard Henry Dana, Jr. author of Two Years Before the Mast, Dana described the locale, including neighboring San Juan Capistrano, as the only romantic spot on the coast. Although Dana described the anchorage as poor, it is now a developed harbor and contains a replica of his ship, the Pilgrim is used as a classroom by the Ocean Institute, which is located at the harbor. This area is designated California Historical Landmark #189, Dana Point was a popular port for ships involved with the hide trade with nearby Mission San Juan Capistrano. Trading reached its peak in the 1830s and 1840s, in 1818, Argentine sailor Hippolyte de Bouchard anchored there while conducting his raid on the mission. Richard Henry Dana then visited the area in 1835 while serving aboard the sailing brig Pilgrim on her voyage along the California coastline, sidney H. Woodruff, already a prominent Los Angeles homebuilder, was hired to lead the project. In 1926, Woodruff, Chandler, and Sherman created the Dana Point Syndicate and they invited other investors, company presidents, movie producers, and real estate investors to join them in purchasing 1,388 acres of land, some of which includes the Headlands of today. Promising tree-lined and paved streets, electricity, telephones, sidewalks, water mains, storm drains, sewers, and other amenities, Woodruff built 35 homes, most of these Woodruff houses are concentrated in the Dana Point historic core, also called Lantern Village. His crowning structure was to be the Dana Point Inn, a Mediterranean-like resort hotel on the cliffs overlooking the harbor. After a celebratory groundbreaking in 1930, a foundation was poured. The economic downturn of the Great Depression caused construction to halt, although Woodruff continuously sought financial support through the years, this project was abandoned in 1939. Subsequently, he sold the holdings of the Dana Point Syndicate. Thirty-four of the original Woodruff residences are still occupied, the entire harbor of Dana Point, including the Embarcadero Marina shops and restaurants are set for complete demolition and redevelopment. The current vintage nautical style is being abandoned for a Tech Minimalist concept using metal roofs as well as Minimalist landscaping, the Strands at Headlands is a luxury housing development built on land that was originally part of the Chandler Family holdings. For decades the land facing the beach was home to the Dana Strand Beach and Tennis Club, for years, access to the Strands beach was limited to hiking down a dirt trail where the mobile homes had stood. The Strands parcel included the actual headlands and bluff of Dana Point as well and was one of the last large coast properties available for development along the Orange County Coast. The improvements include stairs, restrooms, a beach-front sidewalk and a funicular to transport visitors from the lot to the beach
2.
Surf music
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Surf music is a subgenre of rock music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California. It was especially popular from 1962 to 1964 in two major forms, the first is instrumental surf, distinguished by reverb-drenched electric guitars played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by Dick Dale and the Del-Tones. The second is vocal surf, which took the original sound and added vocal harmonies backed by basic Chuck Berry rhythms. Dick Dale developed the sound from instrumental rock, where he added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, a spring reverb. His regional hit Lets Go Trippin launched the surf music craze, the genre reached national exposure when it was represented by vocal groups such as the Beach Boys, Jan and Dean, and Bruce & Terry. Their vocal surf style drew more from African-American genres such as doo wop with its scat singing, Dale is quoted on such groups, They were surfing sounds surfing lyrics. In other words, the music wasnt surfing music, the words made them surfing songs. The real surfing music is instrumental, at the height of its popularity, surf music rivaled girl groups and Motown for top American popular music trends. It is sometimes referred to interchangeably with the California Sound, during the later stages of the surf music craze, many of its groups started to write songs about cars and girls, this was later known as hot rod rock. Surf music began in the early 1960s as instrumental music, almost always in straight 4/4 time. The outboard separate Fender Reverb Unit that was developed by Fender in 1961 was the actual first wet surf reverb tone and this unit is the reverb effect heard on Dick Dale records, and others such as Pipeline by the Chantays and Point Panic by the Surfaris. It had more of a wet plucky tone than the built in amp reverb, guitarists also made use of the vibrato arm on their guitar to bend the pitch of notes downward, electronic tremolo effects and rapid tremolo picking. Guitar models favored included those made by Fender, Mosrite, Teisco, or Danelectro, Surf music was one of the first genres to universally adopt the electric bass, particularly the Fender Precision Bass. Classic surf drum kits tended to be Rogers, Ludwig, Gretsch or Slingerland, some popular songs also incorporated a tenor or baritone saxophone, as on The Lively Ones Surf Rider and The Revels Comanche. Often an electric organ or an electric piano featured as backing harmony, by the early 1960s, instrumental rock and roll had been pioneered successfully by performers such as Link Wray, The Ventures and Duane Eddy. This trend was developed by Dick Dale, who added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, the distinctive reverb, groups such as The Bel-Airs, The Challengers and then Eddie & the Showmen followed Dale to regional success. The Chantays scored a top ten hit with Pipeline, reaching number 4 in May 1963. The group also had two other hits, Surfer Joe and Point Panic
3.
Psychedelic rock
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Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often used indiscriminately. Musically, the effects may be represented via novelty studio tricks, electronic or non-Western instrumentation, disjunctive song structures, some of the earlier 1960s psychedelic rock musicians were based in folk, jazz, and the blues, while others showcased an explicit Indian classical influence called raga rock. In the 1960s, there existed two main variants of the genre, the whimsical British pop-psychedelia, and the harder American West Coast acid rock. While acid rock is often deployed interchangeably with the psychedelic rock, it can also refer more specifically to the heavier. The genre bridged the transition from early blues- and folk-based rock to rock and hard rock. Since the late 1970s it has revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia. The term psychedelic was first coined in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as a descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy. As the countercultural scene developed in San Francisco, the acid rock. In the popular music of the early 1960s, it was common for producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with form, arrangements, unnatural reverb. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spectors Wall of Sound production formula, there was no transition to be made. You go from things like Flying Purple People Eater to I Am the Walrus, music critic Richie Unterberger says that attempts to pin down the first psychedelic record are therefore nearly as elusive as trying to name the first rock & roll record. Some of the far-fetched claims include the instrumental Telstar and the Dave Clark Fives massively reverb-laden Any Way You Want It, the first mention of LSD on a rock record was the Gamblers 1960 surf instrumental LSD25. American folk singer Bob Dylan was an influence on mid 1960s rock music. He led directly to the creation of rock and the psychedelic rock musicians that followed. Molly Longman of mic. com writes that, in terms of bridging the relationship between music and hallucinogens, the Beatles and the Beach Boys were the eras most pivotal acts. The considerable success enjoyed by these two bands allowed them the freedom to experiment with new technology over entire albums. In Unterbergers opinion, the Byrds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, with their ominous minor key melodies, hyperactive instrumental breaks, and use of Gregorian chants. In the songs lyric, the requests, Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship
4.
Garage rock
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Garage rock is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada. The term derives from the perception that groups were made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage. The style, a precursor to rock, is characterized by aggressive and unsophisticated lyrics and delivery. In the US and Canada, surf rock—and later the Beatles, hundreds of acts produced regional hits, and some had national hits. Though largely associated with North America, counterparts were present elsewhere as part of the beat boom of the era. As critics of the period began to prescribe a scope for genre, they used the term punk rock. Garage rock has experienced various revivals in the years and continues to influence acts who prefer a back to basics. In the early- to mid-1980s, several garage revival scenes sprung up featuring acts that consciously attempted to replicate the look, in the 2000s, a wave of garage rock revival acts associated with the post-punk revival emerged, and a handful achieved airplay and commercial success. The term garage rock comes from the perception that its performers were young and amateurish, while numerous bands were made up of middle-class teenagers from the suburbs, others were from rural or urban areas or were composed of professional musicians in their twenties. The term garage band often refers to acts in this genre. Garage bands performed in a variety of venues, less-established groups typically played at parties, school dances, and teen clubs. For acts of legal age, bars, nightclubs, and college fraternity socials also provided regular engagements, occasionally, local groups had the opportunity to open at shows for famous touring acts. Some garage rock bands went on tour, particularly better-known acts, groups often competed in battles of the bands, which gave musicians an opportunity to gain exposure and a chance to win a prize, such as free recording time in a local studio. Battles of the bands were held, locally, regionally and nationally, and two of the most prestigious contests were held annually by the Tea Council of the U. S. A. and the Music Circus. Performances often sounded amateurish, naïve or intentionally raw, with typical themes revolving around the traumas of high school life, instrumentation was characterized by electric guitars often distorted through a fuzzbox, teamed with bass and drums. Guitarists sometimes played using aggressive-sounding bar chord riffs, sometimes referred to as power chords, organs such as the Farfisa were commonly used as well as mouth harmonicas or hand-held percussion such as tambourines. Occasionally, the tempo sped up in certain passages, sometimes referred to as raveups, Garage rock acts were diverse in both musical ability and in style, ranging from crude two- and three-chord music to near-studio musician quality. There were also variations in flourishing scenes, such as in California
5.
Dan Auerbach
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Daniel Quine Dan Auerbach is an American musician and record producer best known as the guitarist and vocalist for the Black Keys, a blues rock band from Akron, Ohio. As a member of the band, Auerbach has recorded and co-produced seven studio albums with his bandmate Patrick Carney, in 2009, Auerbach released a solo album entitled Keep It Hid. In early 2015, Auerbach announced a new side-project, the Arcs, the group released their debut album, Yours, Dreamily, on September 4,2015, via Nonesuch Records. Alongside with Action Bronson and Mark Ronson, Auerbach created the track Standing In The Rain, in December 2016, Auerbach announced his second album, scheduled for an early 2017 release. In March 2017, Auerbach released the single Shine on Me for his solo album Waiting on a Song scheduled on June 2,2017 on Auerbachs new label Easy Eye Sound. Auerbach was born in Ohio, and is the son of Mary Little, a teacher of French, and Charles Auerbach and his father is of Polish Jewish descent and his mother is of part Manx descent. His maternal cousin, twice removed, was philosopher and logician Willard Van Orman Quine, Auerbach grew up in a family with musical roots. His second concert was a Grateful Dead show with his father at the Richfield Coliseum in Cleveland and he was influenced early-on by his mothers side of the family, notably his uncles who played bluegrass music. Auerbach described himself as a teenager in high school who smoked marijuana. For a year, he attended McGill University in Montreal and he was heavily influenced by Junior Kimbrough in college, eventually resulting in his dropping out to pursue the guitar more seriously. Ive listened to him so much, its just how I hear it, getting Fs in college, when I shouldve been studying, I was listening to Junior Kimbroughs music instead. Auerbach is best known for his work with The Black Keys, Auerbach and drummer Patrick Carney first met when they were eight or nine years old while living in the same neighborhood of Akron, Ohio. Carney is the nephew of saxophonist Ralph Carney, who performed on several Tom Waits albums, while attending Firestone High School, Carney and Auerbach became friends, though they were part of different crowds. Auerbach was captain of the school soccer team, while Carney was a social outcast. Encouraged by their brothers, the duo began jamming together in 1996, as Auerbach was learning guitar at the time and Carney owned a four-track recorder and a drum set. After signing with indie label Alive, they released their album, The Big Come Up in 2002. Their third album, Rubber Factory was released in 2004 and received acclaim, it boosted the bands profile. The groups commercial breakthrough came in 2010 with Brothers, which along with its popular single Tighten Up, won three Grammy Awards including Best Alternative Album of the Year
6.
The Black Keys
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The Black Keys are an American rock band formed in Akron, Ohio, in 2001. The group consists of Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney, the bands raw blues rock sound draws heavily from Auerbachs blues influences, including Junior Kimbrough, Howlin Wolf, and Robert Johnson. Friends since childhood, Auerbach and Carney founded the group after dropping out of college, after signing with indie label Alive, they released their debut album, The Big Come Up, which earned them a new deal with Fat Possum Records. Their third album, Rubber Factory, received acclaim and boosted the bands profile. The groups commercial breakthrough came in 2010 with Brothers, which along with its popular single Tighten Up, won three Grammy Awards. Their 2011 follow-up El Camino received strong reviews and peaked at two on the Billboard 200 chart, leading to the first arena concert tour of the bands career. The album and its hit single Lonely Boy won three Grammy Awards, in 2014, they released their eighth album, Turn Blue, their first number-one record in the US, Canada, and Australia. Guitarist/vocalist Dan Auerbach and drummer Patrick Carney first met when they were eight or nine years old living in the same neighborhood of Akron. Auerbach and Carney both come from musical backgrounds, Auerbach is the cousin of guitarist Robert Quine, a veteran of New Yorks avant-rock scene. Carney is the nephew of saxophonist Ralph Carney, who performed on several Tom Waits albums, while attending Firestone High School, they became friends, though they were part of different crowds—Auerbach was captain of the high school soccer team, while Carney was a social outcast. Encouraged by their brothers, the duo began jamming together in 1996, as Auerbach was learning guitar at the time and Carney owned a four-track recorder, after graduating, both briefly attended the University of Akron before dropping out. Auerbach attempted to make a living performing at small bars in town. To record one, he asked for help from Carney, who agreed to recording equipment. However, none of Auerbachs backing band showed up on the recording date, instead, Carney and Auerbach jammed, eventually leading to the duo forming a band in mid-2001. Together, they recorded a demo consisting of old blues rip-offs. On March 20,2002, the duo played their first live show at Clevelands Beachland Ballroom and Tavern to an audience of approximately eight people. The bands debut album, The Big Come Up, was recorded entirely in Carneys basement on an 8-track tape recorder in lo-fi and was released in May 2002, three months after they signed to Alive. Two tracks, covers of the blues standard Leavin Trunk and The Beatles song She Said
7.
Jonathan Richman
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Jonathan Michael Richman is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. In 1970 he founded the Modern Lovers, an influential proto-punk band, since the mid-1970s, Richman has worked either solo or with low-key, acoustic and electric, backing. Currently, he plays only acoustic to protect his hearing and he is known for his wide-eyed, unaffected and childlike outlook, and music that, while rooted in rock and roll, is influenced by music from around the world. Born in Natick, Massachusetts, into a Jewish family, Richman began playing music, failing at this, he returned to Boston. While in Boston, Richman formed the Modern Lovers, a garage rock band. Other notable members of the group were keyboard player Jerry Harrison and drummer David Robinson, who later joined Talking Heads, in 1972 they recorded a series of demos with producer John Cale. Among these songs were the seminal Roadrunner and Pablo Picasso which were released on the groups post-breakup album. The album was strange for its time, featuring Velvets-influenced basic three-chord rock at a time when glam, later in 1972, the group also recorded with producer Kim Fowley, these demos were eventually released in 1981 as The Original Modern Lovers. Despite playing live regularly, the Modern Lovers had a difficult time securing a recording contract and this stymied efforts to complete a debut album, and led to the breakup of the original Modern Lovers in February 1974. In 1975, Richman moved to California to record as a solo singer/songwriter with Beserkley Records, the albums produced by the new group found Richman turning away from electric rock music towards gentler acoustic textures, with a strong rooting in 1950s rock and roll. After several months as a trio, Richman found a new drummer, D. Sharpe, a jazz player on the Boston scene. Rock and Roll with the Modern Lovers was released in 1977 and, just as this began to climb the charts in Europe. A subsequent live album, Modern Lovers Live, was released in 1978, in the United Kingdom, Richman was recognised as a progenitor of the punk rock scene, and several of his singles became hits. Roadrunner reached Number 11 in the UK Singles Chart, and its follow-up, Egyptian Reggae was a version of Jamaican musician Earl Zeros reggae song None Shall Escape the Judgment, Zero was credited as co-writer on Richmans later versions of the track. Back in Your Life was released in 1979 under the Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers moniker, following the Modern Lovers final breakup, Richman went on sabbatical for a few years, staying in Appleton, Maine, and playing at local bars in Belfast, Maine. He returned to recording in 1983 with Jonathan Sings and these were followed up with US tours and a brace of pop recordings. In 1993, he contributed the track Hot Nights to the AIDS-Benefit Album No Alternative produced by the Red Hot Organization, always possessing an ardent cult following, Richman has become better known in recent years thanks to a series of appearances on Late Night with Conan OBrien. He also appeared briefly in a bar scene in a previous Farrelly Brothers film, Kingpin, in 1998 a live album of Modern Lovers recordings from the early 1970s was released, Live at the Long Branch & More
8.
Rock in Rio
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Rock in Rio is a recurring music festival originating in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It later branched into other locations such as Lisbon, Madrid, the seventh Brazilian edition will happen from September 15 to 24,2017. In 2011, Rock in Rio returned to its location, Rio de Janeiro, with a new line-up of singers. The first edition of the festival was held from January 11–20,1985, Queen, George Benson, Rod Stewart, AC/DC and Yes were the headliners, each occupying top spot for two nights. About 1.4 million people attended the 10-day-long festival. Rock in Rio in numbers The City of Rock, which was built for the festival, covered an area of 250,000 m²1,600,000 liters of beverages were served, using 4 million plastic cups. McDonalds sold 58,000 hamburgers in a day, which was a Guinness World Record until the fourth edition in 2011. The full list of artists who performed at Rock in Rio, Both Queen shows were filmed and broadcast throughout Brazil by Globo. Each show was watched by nearly 200 million people in over 60 countries and in front of 350 and it was later broadcast in the United States on MTV as Queen, Live in Rio. Iron Maiden was the only act to play just one concert at the festival, due to other bookings. During the song Revelations, lead singer Bruce Dickinson hit himself accidentally with a guitar, Dickinson continued to sing in spite of heavy bleeding. They performed in front of a crowd of 350,000 people too, the Go-Gos broke up after their two Rock in Rio performances, though they would later reunite in the 1990s. The two Rock in Rio shows were the debut and swansong for short-tenured Go-Gos member Paula Jean Brown, chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth, at the time Talking Heads drummer and bass player, respectively, took part at the B-52s concerts. They joined the band from the song on and played along with them for the remainder of the performance. The January 20 appearance of the B-52s would turn out to be their last with guitarist Ricky Wilson, initially, Def Leppard was scheduled to play at the festival. However, they dropped out two months before the event, due to delays on the recording process of the album Hysteria. Eleven days before the date Def Leppard would have played at the festival, the second edition was held from January 18–27,1991 at the Maracanã stadium. Headliners were Guns N Roses, Prince and George Michael, each being top billed for two of the nine nights
9.
Hip hop
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Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the inner-city South Bronx neighbourhood in New York City in the late 1970s. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion breaks, mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style toasting to rev up the crowd and dancers. These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s, with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap. Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as the only avant-garde still around, Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world. These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s. Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called flipping in hip hop culture. Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into his stage performance. The group frequently performed with artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them hip hoppers. The name was meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music. The song Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you dont stop. Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called The Positive Life in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. Bill Alder, an independent consultant, once said, There was hardly ever a moment when rap music was underground, one of the very first so-called rap records, was a monster hit. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa also credits Lovebug Starski as the first to use the hip hop. Bambaataa, former leader of the Black Spades gang, also did much to popularize the term. In the 1970s, an urban movement known as Hip Hop began to develop in the South Bronx in New York City. It focused on emceeing over breakbeats, house parties and neighbourhood block party events, Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Jamaican-born DJ Clive Kool Herc Cindy Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion breaks in hip hop music, beginning at Hercs home in a high-rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the movement later spread across the entire borough. Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, on August 11,1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sisters back-to-school party
10.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
11.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
