1.
U2
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U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono, the Edge, Adam Clayton, initially rooted in post-punk, U2s sound grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music, yet has maintained an anthemic sound. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal themes, popular for their live performances, the group has staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency, within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album Boy. Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album War, by the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985. The groups fifth album, The Joshua Tree, made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success. Topping music charts around the world, it produced their only number-one singles in the US, With or Without You, facing a backlash and creative stagnation, U2 reinvented themselves in the 1990s through a new musical direction and public image. This experimentation continued through their album, Pop, and the PopMart Tour. U2 regained critical and commercial favour with the records All That You Cant Leave Behind and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb and their U2 360° Tour of 2009–2011 is the highest-attended and highest-grossing concert tour in history. The groups thirteenth album, Songs of Innocence, was released at no cost through the iTunes Store, U2 have released 13 studio albums and are one of the worlds best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 170 million records worldwide. They have won 22 Grammy Awards, more than any other band, Rolling Stone ranked U2 at number 22 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The band formed in Dublin on 25 September 1976, Larry Mullen Jr. then a 14-year-old student at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, posted a note on the schools notice board in search of musicians for a new band—six people responded. Mullen later described it as The Larry Mullen Band for about ten minutes, then Bono walked in and blew any chance I had of being in charge. Martin, who had brought his guitar and amplifier to the first practice but could not play, did not remain with the group, the group settled on the name Feedback because it was one of the few technical terms they knew. Most of their material consisted of cover songs, which the band admitted was not their forte. Some of the earliest influences on the band were emerging punk rock acts, such as the Jam, the Clash, Buzzcocks, the popularity of punk rock convinced the group that musical proficiency was not a prerequisite to being successful. In April 1977, Feedback played their first gig for an audience at St. Fintans High School. Shortly after, the changed their name to The Hype
2.
Progressive rock
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Progressive rock is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Prog is based on fusions of styles, approaches and genres, Prog saw a high level of popularity in the early-to-mid 1970s, but faded soon after. Conventional wisdom holds that the rise of rock caused this. Music critics, who labelled the concepts as pretentious and the sounds as pompous and overblown. Early groups who exhibited progressive features are described as proto-prog. In 1967, progressive rock constituted a diversity of loosely associated style codes, the Canterbury scene, originating in the late 1960s, denoted a subset of prog bands who emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations. Rock in Opposition, from the late 1970s, was more avant-garde, in the 1980s, a new subgenre, neo-progressive rock, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. Post-progressive draws upon newer developments in music and the avant-garde since the mid 1970s. The term progressive rock is synonymous with art rock, classical rock, historically, art rock has been used to describe at least two related, but distinct, types of rock music. Similarities between the two terms are that they describe a mostly British attempt to elevate rock music to new levels of artistic credibility. However, art rock is likely to have experimental or avant-garde influences. Prog was devised in the 1990s as a term, but later became a transferable adjective. Although a unidirectional English progressive style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, critics of the genre often limit its scope to a stereotype of long solos, overlong albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. Author Kevin Holm-Hudson believes that rock is a style far more diverse than what is heard from its mainstream groups. They each do so largely unconsciously, academic John S. Cotner contests Macans view that progressive rock cannot exist without the continuous and overt assimilation of classical music into rock. Debate about the criteria and scope of the genre continues in the 2010s. In early references to the music, progressive was partly related to progressive politics, Cotner also says that progressive rock incorporates both formal and eclectic elements, It consists of a combination of factors – some of them intramusical, others extramusical or social. One way of conceptualising rock and roll in relation to music is that progressive music pushed the genre into greater complexity while retracing the roots of romantic
3.
Interscope Records
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Interscope Records is an American record company. At the time, it differed from most record companies by giving decision-making authority to its A&R staff and it had its first hit records less than a year after it was founded and achieved profitability in 1993. In 1992, Interscope acquired the rights to market and distribute the hardcore rap label Death Row. Albums by Death Row artists included rappers Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, as a result, Time Warner severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired by the MCA Music Entertainment Group for a reported $200 million, Iovine served as chairman and CEO until May 2014. He was succeeded by John Janick, Interscope is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The labels best-selling artists include U2, Eminem, Lady Gaga, in 1989, Ted Field began to build Interscope Records as a division of his film company, Interscope Communications. To run it, he hired John McClain, who had played a role in Janet Jacksons success at A&M Records, and Tom Whalley. Separately, Iovine, who had produced records by U2, Bruce Springsteen, I thought, Music is going to change, Iovine said in 1997. Young bands arent going to be asking for me, but I love working with the new thing. I always liked the part of the business thats the first time you hear something, Iovine and Field were introduced by Paul McGuinness, then U2s manager. After a series of negotiations led by David Geffen, they came to an agreement, in a 1997 article in Rolling Stone, David Wild wrote, Interscopes start-up coincided with a period of incredible change in the music world. Nirvana had ushered in the alternative revolution, based in Westwood, California, Interscope was run by music men. It was a departure from the industry practices of the 1970s and 1980s. A founding tenet of the label was that artists would have creative control. Interscopes first release was Rico Suave by Ecuadoran rapper Gerardo in December 1990, Primus Interscope debut was released in May, followed by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunchs Music for the People in July. It included the #1 single Good Vibrations, two days after first hearing his demo, Whalley signed Tupac Shakur, and in November 1991, Interscope released 2pacalypse Now, Shakurs studio debut. Interscope began to develop a significant presence in the genre in 1992
4.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Until the End of the World (song)
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Until the End of the World is a song by rock band U2 and the fourth track from their 1991 album Achtung Baby. The songs lyrics describe a conversation between Jesus Christ and Judas Iscariot. Until the End of the World originated from a riff that vocalist Bono composed in a demo called Fat Boy that the band recorded at STS Studios in 1990. Although guitarist The Edge loved the riff, the band was not having success with the demo during the Achtung Baby sessions. After the band met with German filmmaker Wim Wenders, who was looking for music to use in his film Until the End of the World, The Edge was inspired to revisit the Fat Boy demo. In Dublin, The Edge used the riff to assemble a backing track with bassist Adam Clayton and drummer Larry Mullen, the composition excited the band so much, they decided to include it on the album. They told Wenders, You can have it but we want it, too, Bono wrote the lyrics relatively quickly at his father-in-laws house in Wexford, having woken up with the idea of a conversation between Jesus Christ and Judas Iscariot. Bono did not feel comfortable trying to find a key to sing in. Consequently, the melody he felt comfortable singing was conversational. Reading poetry by John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and George Gordon Byron inspired Bono to introduce the theme of temptation into his lyrics, U2 and their production team had to expend a great effort to finalise the song. Producer Daniel Lanois provided additional percussion for the song, playing congas heard during the songs introduction, at one point, assisting producer Brian Eno believed the additions had negatively impacted the track. Eno, who would visit the studio and review material for a short amount of time before leaving. He explained his assistance, Id go in and say, The song has gone, sometimes, for example, the song would have disappeared under layers of overdubs. Eno aided the group in removing some of these overdubs, according to Hal Leonard Corporations sheet music published at Musicnotes. com, Until the End of the World is played at a tempo of 101 beats per minute in a 4/4 time signature. The basic key is E major, werther noted Exit evokes feelings of fear, fear of losing control, giving into ones dark side, perhaps even taking ones life, contrasting it to the waves of regret experienced by Judas. Upon the release of Achtung Baby, many critics praised Until the End of the World, steve Morse of The Boston Globe thought it was the best song on the album, calling it a raging rocker with fiery bass runs by Clayton. The Austin Chronicle singled out Larry Mullen Jr. s seismic turn on the song as one of three moments on the record where the band has never sounded better, patti Smith reworked the song for the 2011 tribute album AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered. The punk poet turns in a twilight version…, wrote in Q, finding dark, the song is U2s 11th most frequently played song in concerts, and has been played on every U2 tour since it debuted on Zoo TV Tour
7.
Gangs of New York
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Gangs of New York is a 2002 American epic period drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, set in the mid-19th century in the Five Points district of New York City. The screenplay is by Jay Cocks, Steven Zaillian, and Kenneth Lonergan and it was inspired by Herbert Asburys 1927 nonfiction book, The Gangs of New York. It was made in Cinecittà, Rome, distributed by Miramax Films and nominated for awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture. The film is set in 1862 and follows gang leader Bill The Butcher Cutting in his roles as crime boss and political kingmaker under the helm of Boss Tweed. The film culminates in a violent confrontation between Cutting and his mob with the protagonist Amsterdam Vallon and his immigrant allies, which coincides with the New York Draft Riots of 1863 and it was released on December 20,2002 and grossed $193 million worldwide. Bill kills Vallon and orders that he be buried with honor, having witnessed this, Vallons young son hides the knife that killed his father and is taken to an orphanage on Blackwells Island. In September 1862, Vallons son, now calling himself Amsterdam, returns to Five Points seeking revenge, an old acquaintance, Johnny Sirocco, familiarizes him with the local clans of gangs and thieves, all of whom pay tribute to Bill, who controls the neighborhood. Amsterdam joins Johnnys gang of thieves and is introduced to Bill and he learns that many of his fathers former loyalists are now in Bills employ, including Happy Jack Mulraney, who is now a corrupt constable, and McGloin, who is one of Bills lieutenants. Each year, Bill celebrates the anniversary of his victory over the Dead Rabbits, Amsterdam becomes attracted to pickpocket and grifter Jenny Everdeane, who Johnny is infatuated with. Amsterdams interest is dampened, however, upon learning that she was once Bills ward, Amsterdam gains Bills confidence and Bill becomes his mentor, involving him in the dealings of corrupt politician William M. Tweed. Amsterdam saves Bill from an attempt, and is tormented by the thought that he may have done so out of honest devotion. Jenny nurses Bills wounds, and she and Amsterdam have an argument which dissolves into passionate lovemaking. Bill speaks to Amsterdam of the downfall of civilization and how he has maintained power through the spectacle of violence, on the evening of the anniversary, Johnny, in a fit of jealousy over Jenny, reveals Amsterdams true identity and intentions to Bill. Bill baits Amsterdam with a knife throwing act involving Jenny, as Bill toasts Priest Vallon, Amsterdam throws his knife, but Bill deflects it and wounds Amsterdam with a counter throw. Bill proclaims that rather than dying, Amsterdam shall live in shame, going into hiding, Jenny nurses Amsterdam back to health and implores him to escape with her to San Francisco. Monk McGinn, a barber who fought for Priest Vallon, gives Amsterdam a straight razor that belonged to Amsterdams father, Amsterdam announces his return by hanging a dead rabbit in Paradise Square. Bill sends Happy Jack to investigate, but Amsterdam kills him, in retaliation, Bill has Johnny severely beaten and run through with a pike, leaving it to Amsterdam to end his suffering. The racist McGloin attacks Amsterdams African American friend Jimmy, but is beaten by Amsterdam, the Natives confront them, and Bill promises to return when they are ready to fight
8.
Electrical Storm (song)
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Electrical Storm is a song by Irish rock band U2 and the only single from their second compilation album, The Best of 1990–2000, and one of the two new songs recorded for that album. The music video for the song features drummer Larry Mullen. The song was written by Bono and is about two lovers who are fighting and the tension between them, it relates this to an electrical storm. Although the song did not make a big impression in the U. S. reaching only to #77 and it also peaked at #5 on the UK Singles Chart and made #s 13 and 26 on the Modern Rock Tracks and Mainstream Rock Tracks charts, respectively. Two official versions of the song exist – the Band Version mixed by Carl Glanville, the William Orbit Mix appeared on The Best of 1990-2000 and the Band Version was featured on the B-sides disc of the album. A third version was heard, briefly, on stations in the UK and Australia. It is believed this was a version that was leaked to radio. Though released in 2002, the song was not played live until the U2 360° Tour when it was played in the William Orbit style during the second night in Barcelona. It was subsequently played more, on 8 July 2009 in Milan, Italy and on 1 August 2009 in Gothenburg
9.
75th Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories honoring films released in 2002. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz, Actor Steve Martin hosted for the second time, having previously presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001. Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on March 1, Chicago won six awards including Best Picture. Other winners included The Pianist with three awards, Frida and The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers with two, and Adaptation, Bowling for Columbine, The ChubbChubbs. 8 Mile, The Hours, Nowhere in Africa, Road to Perdition, Spirited Away, Talk to Her, This Charming Man, the telecast garnered about 33 million viewers in the United States, making it the least watched and lowest rated televised Oscar ceremony at the time. Chicago received the most nominations with thirteen and it was the eighth film to receive that many nominations. Gangs of New York came in second with ten, the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 23,2003. Chicago became the first musical film to win Best Picture since 1968s Oliver, at age 29, Adrien Brody was the youngest person to win Best Actor. With her 13th nomination, Meryl Streep became the most nominated actor in Oscar history, meanwhile, Best Actor nominee Jack Nicholson earned his 12th nomination, extending his record as the most nominated male performer. Julianne Moore was the performer to earn two acting nominations in the same year. Lose Yourself from 8 Mile became the first rap song to win the Best Original Song award, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger. Peter OToole — Whose remarkable talents have provided cinema history with some of its most memorable characters, the following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers. In November 2002, the Academy hired veteran Oscar telecast producer Gil Cates to oversee the telecast for the eleventh time. With ten shows under his belt, no other living producer even comes close to the depth of his experience, Gil practically invented the awards show as a stylistic genre. Were privileged to have him present a special event to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Oscars. A few days later, actor and comedian Steve Martin was chosen to emcee the upcoming telecast. Cates explained his reason to bring back the veteran comedian saying, A host whos witty, clever, sharp, intelligent, quick on his feet, according to the article published in the Los Angeles Times, Cates approached actor and veteran Oscar host Billy Crystal for emceeing duties. However, as passed and Crystal was still undecided regarding the job
10.
Eminem
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Marshall Bruce Mathers III, known professionally as Eminem, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States, throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Globally, he has more than 172 million albums, thus being one of the worlds best-selling artists. Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they were followed by Encore in 2004, another critical and commercial success. Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005, releasing Relapse in 2009, both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year. Eminems eighth album, 2013s The Marshall Mathers LP2, won two Grammy Awards, including Best Rap Album, it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15. In addition to his career, Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent. He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 59, Eminem has developed other ventures, including Shady Records, with manager Paul Rosenberg, which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent. Eminem has also established his own channel, Shade 45, on Sirius XM Radio. In November 2002, he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile, Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash, Funny People, The Interview and the television series Entourage. Eminem was born on October 17,1972, in St. Joseph, Missouri, Debbie was 14 when she met 18-year-old Bruce, at age 17, she nearly died during her 73-hour labor. Eminems parents were in a band called Daddy Warbucks, playing in Ramada Inns along the Dakotas–Montana border before their separation, Bruce left the family, moving to California and having two other children, Michael and Sarah. Debbie had son Nathan Nate Kane Samara on February 3,1986, during his childhood, Eminem and Debbie shuttled between Michigan and Missouri, rarely staying in one house for more than a year or two and living primarily with family members. In Missouri, they lived in places, including St. Joseph, Savannah. As a teenager Eminem wrote letters to his father, according to Debbie, friends and family remember Eminem as a happy child, but a bit of a loner who was often bullied. One bully, DeAngelo Bailey, severely injured Eminems head, Debbie filed a lawsuit against the school in 1982, Eminem spent much of his youth in a working-class, primarily black, Detroit neighborhood. He and Debbie were one of three white households on their block, and Eminem was beaten by black youths several times, as a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop. Eminem heard his first rap song on the Breakin soundtrack, a gift from Debbies half-brother Ronnie Polkinghorn, when Polkinghorn committed suicide in 1991, Eminem stopped speaking for days and did not attend his funeral
11.
Lose Yourself
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Lose Yourself is a song by American rapper Eminem from the soundtrack to the 2002 motion picture 8 Mile. The song was written by Eminem and produced by Eminem along with longtime collaborator Jeff Bass, one half of the production duo Bass Brothers and it was released on October 28,2002, as the lead single from the soundtrack. Lose Yourself received acclaim from critics, with many critics praising the songs aggressive themes. Eminems rapping ability, the lyrics and the production were praised as well. In many retrospective reviews and lists, critics have cited the song among Eminems finest, Lose Yourself was a commercial success, peaking atop of the charts in eighteen countries, including the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, Lose Yourself reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, Rolling Stone also ranked it one of the top 50 hip hop songs of all time. The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. It was ranked number 93 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs list, in October 2011, NME placed it at number 57 on its list 150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years. Eminem says that Lose Yourself was written on set, during breaks during the filming of 8 Mile, the sheet on which he wrote the song appears in 8 Mile in a scene where his character is writing while riding the bus. A Drum & Bass remix has been made and was released on the mixtape Straight from the Lab, the official demo version of this song, titled Lose Yourself with two different verses and a slightly different hook, was released on the album Shady XV November 24,2014. Lose Yourself is a track with an urgent narrative delivery. The songs lyrics explicitly sum up the background of Eminems character in 8 Mile, B-Rabbit, the songs production incorporates piano, violins and several other string instruments. The song is one of four new Eminem solo songs featured on the soundtrack, several critics cited this trio of songs as the best three from the soundtrack, as well as the most aggressive songs ever recorded by Eminem. Piano chords described as instantly recognizable open the song, throughout the song there is a tense, unrelenting guitar lick. The song is composed in the key of D minor, Lose Yourself received critical acclaim, with many critics praising the songs aggressive themes and describing it as Eminems best work to date. Eminems rapping ability, the lyrics and the production were praised as well. In many retrospective reviews and lists, critics have cited the song among Eminems finest, NME was extremely positive, Eminems urgent radio hit Lose Yourself, you already know. Its excellent, if obviously an offcut from The Eminem Show, all thundering rawk guitars, the song is basically as close to a ballad as Eminem will ever get
12.
Pop (U2 album)
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Pop is the ninth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Flood, Howie B, and Steve Osborne, the album was a continuation of the bands 1990s musical reinvention, as they incorporated alternative rock, techno, dance, and electronica influences into their sound. Pop employed a variety of techniques that were relatively new to U2, including sampling, loops, programmed drum machines. Recording sessions began in 1995 with various producers, including Nellee Hooper, Flood, Howie B, and Osborne. At the time, drummer Larry Mullen Jr. was inactive due to a back injury, upon Mullens return, the band began re-working much of their material but ultimately struggled to complete songs. After the band allowed manager Paul McGuinness to book their upcoming 1997 PopMart Tour before the record was completed, they felt rushed into delivering it. Even after delaying the release date from the 1996 Christmas and holiday season to March 1997, U2 ran out of time in the studio. In February 1997, U2 released Pops techno-heavy lead single, Discothèque, the record initially received favourable reviews from critics and reached number one in 35 countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. However, the albums sales are among the lowest in U2s catalogue. Retrospectively, the album is viewed by some of the music press, the finished product was not to U2s liking, and they subsequently re-recorded and remixed many of the songs for single and compilation album releases. The time required to complete Pop cut into the bands rehearsal time for the tour, in the first half of the 1990s, U2 underwent a dramatic shift in musical style. The band had experimented with rock and electronic music and the use of samples on their 1991 album, Achtung Baby. In 1995, the groups side-projects provided them an opportunity to even deeper into these genres. Bassist Adam Clayton and drummer Larry Mullen, Jr. recorded Theme from Mission, the recording was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance in 1997 and was an international top-ten hit. In 1995, U2 and Brian Eno recorded an album, Original Soundtracks 1. The project included Howie B, Akiko Kobayashi and Luciano Pavarotti, Bono and the Edge had written a few songs before recording started for Pop in earnest. If You Wear That Velvet Dress, Wake Up Dead Man, Last Night on Earth, Mofo and Staring at the Sun were also partly written already. For the new record, U2 wanted to continue their sonic experimentation from Achtung Baby, to do so, they employed multiple producers to have additional people with whom to share their ideas
13.
The Good Thief (film)
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The Good Thief is a 2002 British-French-Irish crime thriller film starring Nick Nolte, Emir Kusturica, and Nutsa Kukhianidze, and directed by Neil Jordan. It is a remake of the 1955 French film Bob le flambeur by Jean-Pierre Melville, the film, shot in both Monaco and Nice, France, follows a heroin addicted retired thief through the setup and completion of one last job. The film received positive reviews. Critic Roger Ebert notes of Nolte, it is clear that he was born to play Bob and it is one of those performances that flows unhindered from an actors deepest instincts. Reviewer Pam Grady, writing for Reel, the heist itself is a complicated affair — Jordan took Melvilles original idea and added a distinctly 21st-century twist — and all the more satisfying for it. The film holds a 77% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus Bolstered by Noltes strong performance, the films score was composed by Elliot Goldenthal. The Good Thief at the Internet Movie Database The Good Thief at AllMovie The Good Thief at Box Office Mojo The Good Thief at Rotten Tomatoes The Good Thief at Metacritic
14.
Andrea Corr
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Andrea Jane Corr MBE is an Irish musician, songwriter, and actress. Corr debuted in 1990 as the singer of the Celtic folk rock. Aside from singing lead vocals Corr plays the tin whistle, the ukulele, with the others, Corr has released six studio albums, two compilation albums, one remix album and two live albums. Andrea has also pursued a career, releasing her debut album, Ten Feet High. The album moved away from the sound of the Corrs and features a dance-pop sound and her next album, released on 30 May 2011, was entirely made up of covers of songs that were important to her when younger. Andrea is involved in charitable activities and she is an ambassador for the Nelson Mandelas 46664 campaign, raising awareness towards AIDS in Africa. During the Edinburgh Live 8 on 2 July 2005 The Corrs performed When the Stars Go Blue alongside Bono to promote the Make Poverty History campaign. Along with her siblings, she was appointed an honorary M. B. E. in 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain for her contribution to music and charity. Andrea Corr was born to Gerry Corr, a manager of the department of the Irish Electricity Supply Board, and his wife, Jean. She is the youngest of the four Corr children, the family was raised in Dundalk, Ireland. Gerry and Jean had their own band, Sound Affair, which played songs by ABBA, with the encouragement of her parents, Andrea took up the tin whistle and was taught the piano by her father. Throughout their teenage years, she and her siblings would often practice in Jims bedroom at a house he had rented, Andrea sang lead vocals, Sharon played the violin and both Caroline and Jim played keyboards. Andrea took part in plays at her school, Dundalks Dun Lughaidh Convent. In 1990, Corr and her siblings formed a quartet called The Corrs and their career launched in 1991 when they auditioned for the film The Commitments in which Andrea gained a speaking role as Sharon Rabbitte. John Hughes noticed the quartet when they auditioned for the movie, the Corrs signed with Atlantic Records in 1995 and travelled to North America to record their debut album Forgiven, Not Forgotten. The album featured six instrumental selections among its Celtic-influenced tracks, when released, it was successful in Ireland, Australia, Japan, and Spain. The album reached platinum status in the United Kingdom and Australia, and quadruple platinum in Ireland, following on from the success of their debut album, they released Talk on Corners and In Blue in 1997 and 2000 respectively. Originally Talk on Corners met with success, until a remix version was released, when it topped the charts in many countries
15.
Tin whistle
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It is a type of fipple flute, putting it in the same class as the recorder, Native American flute, and other woodwind instruments that meet such criteria. A tin whistle player is called a tin whistler or simply a whistler, the tin whistle is closely associated with Celtic music. The tin whistle in its form is from a wider family of fipple flutes which have been seen in many forms. In Europe such instruments have a long and distinguished history and take various forms, most widely known of these are the recorder, tin whistle, Flabiol, Txistu and tabor pipe. Almost all primitive cultures had a type of flute and is most likely the first pitched flute type instrument in existence. A possible Neanderthal fipple flute from Slovenia dates from 81, 000-53,000 B. C. a German flute from 35,000 years ago, written sources that describe a fipple-type flute include the Roman and Greek aulos and tibia. In the early Middle Ages peoples of northern Europe were playing the instrument as seen in 3rd-century British bone flutes, and Irish Brehon Law describes flute like instrument. The term flageolet is still preferred by modern tin whistle who feel this better describes the instrument, as this characterises a wide variety of fipple flutes. Down to 1900, they were marketed as Clarke London Flageolets or Clarke Flageolets. The whistles fingering system is similar to that of the six hole, simple system English flutes, the six hole, diatonic system is also used on baroque flutes, and was of course well known before Robert Clarke began producing his tin whistles. Clarkes first whistle, the Meg, was pitched in high A and was made in other keys suitable for Victorian parlour music. The company showed the whistles in The Great Exhibition of 1851, the Clark tin whistle is voiced somewhat on an organ-pipe with a flattened tube forming the lip of the fipple mouthpiece and is usually made from rolled tin sheet or brass. Manufactured tin whistles became available no earlier than 1840, and were mass-produced, as the penny whistle was generally considered a toy it has been suggested that children or street musicians were paid a penny by those who heard them playing the whistle. However, in reality the instrument was so called because it could be purchased for a penny, the name tin-whistle was also coined as early as 1825. But neither the tin whistle nor the penny whistle name seems to have been common until the 20th century, the instrument became popular in several musical traditions namely, English, Scottish, Irish and American traditional music. Due to its affordability the tin whistle was a household instrument. In the second half of the 19th century, some manufacturers such as Barnett Samuel. These had a brass tube
16.
Sharon Corr
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Sharon Helga Corr is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician and television personality. She is best known as a member of the pop-rock band The Corrs and she plays the violin, piano and guitar, and sings backing vocals. She began learning the violin when she was six years old and she has played in national youth orchestras and is qualified to teach the violin. In 2012, Corr was revealed as one of the coaches on the first series of the RTÉ talent show The Voice of Ireland, in July 2009, Corr was voted into first place in the Ms Twitter UK competition. On 15 July 2009, Corr appeared on This Morning, having been booked by host Phillip Schofield via Twitter, to confirm the release of a new solo single and album. Her début single, Its Not a Dream, was released on 29 August in Ireland and 31 August in the UK, with appearances at Isle of Wight, Glastonbury, and a number of other European music festivals. The album, Dream of You, was released on 13 September 2010 and comprises a number of self-penned tracks, Corr embarked on the Dream of You Tour on 19 August 2011 in Aberdeen and continued through the UK and Europe, with an Australian leg added in January 2012. While on the tour she introduced a newly written track, Edge of Nowhere, Corr was a coach on the first and second series of the RTÉ talent show The Voice of Ireland. In an interview with the Maitland Mercury in February 2012, Corr revealed that she is piecing together her second solo record, Corr finished writing the album in March 2012 and she said it may be called Catch the Moon. The title comes from the idea of when somebody comes into your life and they utterly change yours, so you would catch the moon. However, on 21 August 2013 it was announced that the new album would be titled The Same Sun, Corr will also embark on a world tour during the promoting time of the album. She will have tour in Germany, Brazil, and Indonesia as she had announced about it on the early of September 2013 and she will perform in Indonesia at Jakarta Convention Center, Jakarta, Indonesia, on 24 September 2013 as a special guest. Rick Prize was also invited to be the special guest, the Same Sun lead single called Take a Minute has peaked No.11 on Irish Chart, and No.20 in France Chart. Meanwhile, Yovie Widianto was invited to play at The Same Sun Tour in Madrid, Spain and it was great to have you last night. Tweeted Corr on the late of November, the tour will be continued to Los Angeles, and New York which had been scheduled to be held on January until February 2014. In 2001, Corr married Belfast barrister Robert Gavin Bonnar in Cratloe Church, the couple met when she was shooting the video for Runaway. They had their first child, son Cathal Robert Gerard, on 31 March 2006, after having children, she battled with social anxiety disorder and wrote about her anxiety problems on her solo album. Despite being raised in a devout Catholic environment, Sharon ceased attending Mass as a due to events that took place during the The Troubles
17.
Horslips
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Horslips are an Irish Celtic rock band that compose, arrange and perform songs frequently inspired by traditional Irish airs, jigs and reels. The group are regarded as founding fathers of Celtic rock for their fusion of traditional Irish music with rock music and they formed in 1970 and retired in 1980 for an extended period. The name originated from a spoonerism on The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse which became The Four Poxmen of The Horslypse, Horslips were one of Irelands leading rock groups of their era. There have since been small scale reunions including appearances on The Late Late Show, the band reformed for two Irish shows in the Odyssey Arena in Belfast and the O2 Arena in Dublin at the end of 2009, and have continued to play shows since then. Jim Lockhart, from Jamess St in Dublin, studied Economics and Politics at University College Dublin and he fell under the influence of Seán Ó Riada, wanting to build an orchestral sound out of Irish music. He plays keyboards, pipes, whistles and flute and he did vocals on a select number of songs, mainly in Manx or Irish. Eamon Carr, is from Kells, County Meath and he was one of the founding members of a poetry and beat performance group called Tara Telephone in Dublin in the late 60s that also published the quarterly literary journal Capella. He is the drummer in the band, Charles OConnor, from Middlesbrough in the UK plays concertina, mandolin, fiddle and both electric and slide guitar. He also shares the main tasks with Barry Devlin and Johnny Fean. Barry Devlin, from Ardboe in County Tyrone, once trained as a Columban priest and he left this to do English in UCD and then after joined a graphics company as a screenwriter. He is the bass player, shares vocals and its unofficial front man. Johnny Fean spent his childhood in the city of Limerick and in Shannon and he soon mastered guitar, banjo, mandolin and harmonica. In his teens, he played in sessions in Limerick and County Clare and he developed his listening tastes from rock to blues and incorporated it into his guitar style. In his late teens he played in a group called Sweet Street, with Joe ODonnell on electric fiddle and he later played in Jeremiah Henry, a rock and blues band. His idols were Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton and he left Jeremiah Henry in 1970 to play traditional music again in Limerick. Barry Devlin, Eamon Carr and Charles OConnor met when they worked at the Ark advertising company in Dublin and they were cajoled into pretending to be a band for a Harp Lager commercial but needed a keyboard player. Devlin said he knew a Jim Lockhart who would fit the bill, the four enjoyed the act so much that they decided to try being proper rock performers. They joined guitarist Declan Sinnott, a colleague of Eamon Carrs from Tara Telephone and, briefly, the band went professional on St Patricks Day 1972 having shed Mulvaney and released a single, Johnnys Wedding, on their own record label, Oats
18.
Barry Devlin
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Barry Devlin is an Irish musician, screen writer and director. Devlin is from Moortown in Ardboe, County Tyrone and he began to train as a Columban priest, leaving to study English at University College Dublin, then joining a graphics company as a screenwriter. He was in the pioneering Irish Celtic rock band Horslips as bass player, vocalist, after the breakup of Horslips, Devlin released the 1983 solo album Breaking Star Codes. He has directed for the screen, producing a number of U2 videos in the 1980s and his sister, Marie Devlin, is a school teacher and writer, publishing Over Nine Waves, a collection of traditional Irish myths and legends, in 1994. She was married to the Nobel laureate Seamus Heaney, from 1965 until the death in 2013. One of his six sisters is Polly Devlin, the writer and broadcaster and her first book All Of Us There is now a Virago Modern Classic. She has also made a documentary film The Daisy Chain and is a professor at Columbia University, barry Devlin at the Internet Movie Database BBC Northern Ireland Drama - Baldi series 3 Horslips exhibition
19.
Bono
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Paul David Hewson, known by his stage name Bono, is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician, venture capitalist, businessman, and philanthropist. He is best known as the lead vocalist of rock band U2, Bono was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, and attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School where he met his future wife, Alison Stewart, and the future members of U2. Bono writes almost all U2 lyrics, frequently using religious, social, during U2s early years, his lyrics contributed to their rebellious and spiritual tone. As the band matured, his lyrics became inspired more by personal experiences shared with the other members, Bono is also widely known for his activism concerning Africa, for which he co-founded DATA, EDUN, the ONE Campaign and Product Red. He has organised and played in several concerts and has met with influential politicians. Bono has been praised for his activism and involvement with U2, together with Bill and Melinda Gates, Bono was named Time Person of the Year in 2005, among other awards and nominations. Bono was born in the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, on 10 May 1960. He was raised in the Northside suburb of Finglas with his brother by their mother, Iris, a member of the Church of Ireland, and their father, Brendan Robert Bob Hewson and his parents initially agreed that the first child would be raised Anglican and the second Catholic. Although Bono was the child, he also attended Church of Ireland services with his mother and brother. He went to the local primary Glasnevin National School, Bonos mother died on 10 September 1974, after suffering a cerebral aneurysm at her fathers funeral. Many U2 songs, including I Will Follow, Mofo, Out of Control, Lemon, Bono attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School, a multi-denominational school in Clontarf. During his childhood and adolescence, Bono and his friends were part of a surrealist street gang called Lypton Village, Bono met one of his closest friends, Guggi, in Lypton Village. The gang had a ritual of nickname-giving, Bono had several names, first, he was Steinhegvanhuysenolegbangbangbang, then just Huyseman, followed by Houseman, Bon Murray, Bono Vox of OConnell Street, and finally just Bono. Bono Vox is an alteration of Bonavox, a Latin phrase which translates to good voice and it is said he was nicknamed Bono Vox by his friend Gavin Friday. He initially disliked the name, however, when he learned it translated to good voice, Hewson has been known as Bono since the late 1970s. Although he uses Bono as his name, close family and friends also refer to him as Bono. After he left school, his father Bob Hewson, told him he could live at home for one year but if he was not able to pay his own way, Bono is married to Alison Hewson. The couple have four children, daughters Jordan and Memphis Eve and sons Elijah Bob Patricius Guggi Q, Bono is almost never seen in public without sunglasses, as he suffers from glaucoma
20.
The Edge
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David Howell Evans, better known by his stage name The Edge, is an Irish musician and songwriter best known as the lead guitarist, keyboardist and backing vocalist of the rock band U2. A member of the group since its inception, he has recorded 13 studio albums with the band as well as one solo record, as a guitarist, the Edge has crafted a minimalistic and textural style of playing. His use of a delay effect yields a distinctive ambient. The Edge was born in England to a Welsh family, and was raised in Ireland after the Evans family moved there, in 1976, at Mount Temple Comprehensive School he formed a band with his fellow students and elder brother Dik that would evolve into U2. Inspired by the ethos of punk rock and its basic arrangements and they eventually became one of the most successful acts in popular music, with albums such as 1987s The Joshua Tree and 1991s Achtung Baby. With U2, the Edge has also played keyboards, co-produced their 1993 record Zooropa, the Edge met his second and current wife, Morleigh Steinberg, through her collaborations with the band. As a member of U2 and as an individual, the Edge has campaigned for human rights and he co-founded Music Rising, a charity to support musicians affected by Hurricane Katrina. Several music publications have ranked the Edge among the greatest guitarists of all time, david Howell Evans was born at the Barking Maternity Hospital, in the County of Essex in England, on 8 August 1961. He is the child of Welsh parents Garvin and Gwenda Evans, who originated in Llanelli. Garvin was an engineer who worked for the electricity board. The Edge has an elder brother Richard and a sister called Gillian. He received his formal education at St Andrews National School, Malahide. As a child he received piano and guitar lessons. Among the several other pupils who also responded to the note were Bono and this band went through a number of versions before becoming known as U2 in March 1978. U2 began its public life in small venues in Dublin in 1977. In December 1979 they performed their first concerts outside Ireland, in London and their debut album Boy was released in 1980. In 1981, leading up to the October Tour, Evans came very close to leaving U2 for religious reasons, during this period he became involved with a group called Shalom Tigers, in which bandmates Bono and Larry Mullen Jr. were also involved. Shortly after deciding to remain with the band, he wrote a piece of music later became Sunday Bloody Sunday
21.
Clinton Presidential Center
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The William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park is the presidential library of Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States. It is located in Little Rock, Arkansas and includes the Clinton Presidential Library, the offices of the Clinton Foundation, the main building cantilevers over the Arkansas River, echoing Clintons campaign promise of building a bridge to the 21st century. The archives are the largest as well, containing 2 million photographs,80 million pages of documents,21 million e-mail messages, the Clinton Library is also the most expensive, with all funding coming from 112,000 private donations. The museum showcases artifacts from Clintons two terms as president and includes full-scale replicas of the Clinton-era Oval Office and Cabinet Room, preliminary planning for the library began in 1997, while groundbreaking for the complex occurred on December 5,2001. Early estimates put the librarys cost at about $125 million, in 2001, the Clinton Foundation hoped to gather $200 million in donations to cover project costs. Fund-raising for the center was led by Terry McAuliffe, a friend of Clintons who had contributed heavily to the Clinton-Gore campaign in 1995. Clinton himself was prohibited by law from personally soliciting donations for the center, there were no other legal restrictions on donations, and the Clinton Foundation was able to accept unlimited private donations, all of which were tax deductible. Approximately $10 million of contributions came from Saudi Arabia, however, the Clinton Foundation declined to release a full donor list, similar to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Donations exceeding $1 million were given from various other foreign governments. Various American organizations also contributed millions of dollars to the foundation, the Clinton Presidential Center was dedicated on November 18,2004. Although it was raining, the ceremony was attended by approximately 30,000 people and included a 20-minute speech made by Clinton, who had recently undergone bypass surgery. It also included performances by Bono, the African Drum Ballet, four U. S. presidents were on the same stage together. All three other presidents spoke at the event as well, overall, the ceremony lasted two hours and featured six speakers. On November 17,2009, the fifth anniversary saw Clinton giving a speech to approximately 1,000 people, urging for the passage of health-care reform. He specifically mentioned the center and school as places where discussion on such topics could take place, the five-story main building comprises 20,000 square feet of exhibition space, the Great Hall, Forty Two, and classrooms. A2, 000-square-foot executive apartment used by Clinton is located on the top floor of the main building, one level above the public museum area. The organization of the exhibits within the building was inspired by the famous Long Room in the Old Library at Trinity College, Dublin. The Cadillac One used during Clintons presidency is housed on the first floor, on the second floor, the main gallery houses a 110-foot timeline, representing each of Clintons years as President
22.
Little Rock, Arkansas
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Little Rock is the capital and the most populous city of the U. S. state of Arkansas. It is also the county seat of Pulaski County and it was incorporated on November 7,1831, on the south bank of the Arkansas River close to the geographic center of the state. The city derives its name from a rock formation along the river, the capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821. The citys population was 193,524 at the 2010 census, Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the South. Little Rocks history is available through history museums, historic districts or neighborhoods like the Quapaw Quarter, the city is the headquarters of Dillards, Windstream Communications, Acxiom, Stephens Inc. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, the Clinton Foundation, other large corporations, such as Dassault Falcon Jet and LM Wind Power have large operations in the city. State government is an employer, with many offices being located in downtown Little Rock. Two Interstate highways, Interstate 30 and Interstate 40, meet in Little Rock, Little Rock derives its name from a small rock formation on the south bank of the Arkansas River called le petit rocher. The little rock was used by river traffic as a landmark. The little rock is across the river from big rock, a bluff at the edge of the river. Archeological artifacts provide evidence of Native Americans inhabiting Central Arkansas for thousands of years before Europeans arrived, the early inhabitants may have been the Folsom people, Bluff Dwellers, and Mississippian culture peoples who built earthwork mounds recorded in 1541 by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Historical tribes of the area were the Caddo, Quapaw, Osage, Choctaw, Little Rock was named for a stone outcropping on the bank of the Arkansas River used by early travelers as a landmark. Le Petit Rocher, named in 1722 by French explorer and trader Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, Travelers referred to the area as the Little Rock, and the landmark name stuck. Little Rock is located at 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 116.8 square miles, of which,116.2 square miles of it is land and 0.6 square miles of it is water. Little Rock is located on the bank of the Arkansas River in Central Arkansas. Fourche Creek and Rock Creek run through the city, and flow into the river, the western part of the city is located in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Northwest of the city limits are Pinnacle Mountain and Lake Maumelle, the city of North Little Rock is located just across the river from Little Rock, but it is a separate city. North Little Rock was once the 8th ward of Little Rock, an Arkansas Supreme Court decision on February 6,1904, allowed the ward to merge with the neighboring town of North Little Rock
23.
Vertigo Tour
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The Vertigo Tour was a worldwide concert tour by the Irish rock band U2. Staged in support of the groups 2004 album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb, the Vertigo Tour consisted of five legs that alternated between indoor arena shows in North America and outdoor stadium shows internationally. Much like the previous Elevation Tour, the portion of the Vertigo Tour featured a stripped-down. Protruding from the stage was an ellipse-shaped catwalk that encapsulated a small number of fans. The tour grossed US$260 million in 110 sold-out concerts in 2005, in North America alone, the tour grossed $138.9 million from 1.4 million tickets sold. The Vertigo Tour won the 2005 Billboard Roadwork Touring Awards for Top Tour, Top Draw, and Top Single Event, and U2s management company Principle Management won for Top Manager. By the time it finished, the Vertigo Tour had sold 4,619,021 tickets — with 131 shows — for a gross of $389 million. The tour was depicted in three films, Vertigo 2005, Live from Chicago, Vertigo, Live from Milan. After rehearsing for several months in Vancouver, the opening night was on 28 March 2005 at the iPayOne Center in San Diego. The first leg through North America consisted of 28 sold-out indoor arena shows and finished on 28 May in Boston, the second leg was a European stadium tour, commencing on 10 June in Brussels and finishing on 14 August in Lisbon. They played in a number of venues including Amsterdam, London, Dublin, Madrid, Milan, U2 broke Irish box office marks with ticket sales for three Croke Park concerts in Dublin, after more than 240,000 tickets were sold in record time. In The Netherlands, Belgium, France and Austria, the tickets were all sold within 60 minutes. On 9 March 2006, it was announced the final 10 shows in New Zealand, Australia, Japan, on 20 July 2006, it was announced that they were rescheduled for November and December, with some adjustments and additions of dates. The fifth leg started on 7 November in Brisbane, Australia and concluded on 9 December 2006 at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, the Vertigo Tours production was designed by architect Mark Fisher and stage and lighting designer Willie Williams. Key elements were an ellipse-shaped ramp on the connected to the stage, with some fans inside it. The inside area of the came to be known as the bomb shelter. The curtain design permitted concertgoers around the arena to have an excellent view of the curtains above the band, the roll-drop LED screens were designed by Fisher using 360deg golf-ball pixels developed with Frederic Opsomer of Innovative Designs in Belgium. The spherical LED product joined the BARCO product line as the Mi-Sphere, the Vertigo Tour used 189 strings of these MiSphere LED balls suspended from custom truss, which allows the LED curtains to be rolled up
24.
Sampling (music)
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In music, sampling is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a sound recording in a different song or piece. Sampling was originally developed by experimental musicians working with musique concrète and electroacoustic music, by the late 1960s, the use of tape loop sampling influenced the development of minimalist music and the production of psychedelic rock and jazz fusion. Hip hop music was the first popular music based on the art of sampling – being born from 1970s DJs who experimented with manipulating vinyl on two turntables and an audio mixer. Historically, sampling was most often done with a sampler — a specialized piece of hardware — but today, however, vinyl emulation software may also be used, and turntablists continue to sample using traditional methods. Often samples consist of one part of a song, such as a rhythm break, for instance, hip hop music developed from DJs looping the breaks from songs to enable continuous dancing. Samples can also consist of words and phrases, including those in non-musical media such as movies, TV shows. Sampling does not necessarily mean using pre-existing recordings, a number of composers and musicians have constructed pieces or songs by sampling field recordings they made themselves, and others have sampled their own original recordings. The use of sampling is controversial legally and musically, in the 1970s, when hip hop was confined to local dance parties, it was unnecessary to obtain copyright clearance in order to sample recorded music at these parties. Aside from legal issues, sampling has been championed and criticized. Hip-hop DJs today take different approaches to sampling, with critical of its obvious use. Some critics, particularly those with a rockist outlook, have expressed the belief all sampling is lacking in creativity, while others say sampling has been innovative and revolutionary. Those whose own work has been sampled have also voiced a variety of opinions about the practice. Once recorded, samples can be edited, played back, or looped, types of samples include, The drums and percussion parts of many modern recordings are really a variety of short samples of beats strung together. Many libraries of such beats exist and are licensed so that the user incorporating the samples can distribute their recording without paying royalties, such libraries can be loaded into samplers. Though percussion is an application of looping, many kinds of samples can be looped. A piece of music may have an ostinato which is created by sampling a phrase played on any kind of instrument, there is software which specializes in creating loops. Whereas loops are usually a phrase played on a musical instrument, Music workstations and samplers use samples of musical instruments as the basis of their own sounds, and are capable of playing a sample back at any pitch. Many modern synthesizers and drum machines also use samples as the basis of their sounds, most such samples are created in professional recording studios using world-class instruments played by accomplished musicians
25.
Bullet the Blue Sky
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Bullet the Blue Sky is a song by rock band U2 and is the fourth track from their 1987 album, The Joshua Tree. Bullet the Blue Sky is one of the bands most overtly political songs, with performances often being heavily critical of political conflicts. The song was covered by Sepultura in their covers album Revolusongs, by P. O. D. in their album The Fundamental Elements of Southtown and Queensrÿche in their album Take Cover. Bullet the Blue Sky first originated as a demo recorded during a jam session at STS Studios in Dublin with producer Paul Barrett prior to the proper Joshua Tree recording sessions. As guitarist the Edge played a riff, bassist Adam Clayton, according to the Edge, at the time he was irritated that the rhythm section was playing in half-time, thinking What the fuck are they doing. And he considered stopping the jam, lead vocalist Bono recalled that Clayton was playing in a different key from the Edge. After the take was completed, the band listened to playback in the control room, compared to the final version of the song, the Edge described the demo as a much more bare-boned, like a heavy funk track. In July 1986, Bono and his wife Ali travelled to Nicaragua and El Salvador, the trip angered Bono and formed the basis of the songs lyrics. The Edge said that his playing was also informed by Bonos lyrics. Producer Daniel Lanois says that the most progress on Bullet the Blue Sky was made at Melbeach and he said, It was one of those songs that was born partially by surgery – the editing of the structure was a really big part of it. Recording engineer Dave Meegan helped develop Bullet the Blue Sky with a mix that he made at Melbeach, wanting it to sound like Led Zeppelin, Meegan adjusted a monitor mix of the song to make it really heavy sounding. Lanois was inspired by what he heard, as the song up to that point was being treated softly, Lanois quickly summoned the band, who went with the primary engineer Flood to Windmill Lane Studios. There, in a next door, the crew used a public address system to play an acoustic recording of Mullens drums. Lanois called it an elaborate kind of rock and roll chamber. The result, according to Meegan, made sound like John Bonham and he added, it introduced a mid-range that the high-hat seemed to like. This new sonic emphasis on the high-hat made every hit more relevant, the inherent low-frequency punch of the PA also added a level of excitement to the bass drum. The overall sensation was a chestier one, the final mix of the song was based on two different versions. Producer Steve Lillywhite, who in December 1986 was hired by U2 to help mix some of The Joshua Tree, was asked by the Edge to fly over from one version to another version
26.
When Johnny Comes Marching Home
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When Johnny Comes Marching Home is a popular song of the American Civil War that expressed peoples longing for the return of their friends and relatives who were fighting in the war. The lyrics to When Johnny Comes Marching Home were written by the Irish-American bandleader Patrick Gilmore during the American Civil War. Why Gilmore chose to publish under a pseudonym is not clear, the melody was previously published around July 1,1863, as the music to the Civil War drinking song Johnny Fill Up the Bowl. A color-illustrated, undated slip of Gilmores lyrics, printed by his own Boston publisher, the original sheet music for Johnny Fill Up the Bowl states that the music was arranged by J. Durnal. There is a resemblance of the tune to that of John Anderson, My Jo. When Johnny Comes Marching Home is also sung to the tune as Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye and is frequently thought to have been a rewriting of that song. However, Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye was not published until 1867, when Johnny Comes Marching Home was immensely popular and was sung by both sides of the American Civil War. It became a hit in England as well, quite a few variations on the song, as well as songs set to the same tune but with different lyrics, have appeared since When Johnny Comes Marching Home was popularized. The alleged larcenous tendencies of some Union soldiers in New Orleans were parodied in the lyrics For Bales, a British version appeared in 1914, with the similar title, When Tommy Comes Marching Home. Presidential election campaign featured a song called If the Johnnies Get Into Power. Morton Goulds classical arrangement American Salute of the song, harris, Roy, When Johnny Comes Marching Home — An American Overture. The Andrews Sisters, a Swing Era sister act sang a swing version in the 1940s. The childrens songs The Ants Go Marching One By One and The Animals Went in Two by Two re-used the tune, the song was used in an Australian 2013 commercial for Volkswagen and a 2014 commercial for the Nissan Pathfinder. British pop singer Adam Faith sang a version titled Johnny Comes Marching Home and this version was arranged and conducted by John Barry. Another version was released as a single, reaching #5 in the UK charts, a French version Johnny Revient dla Guerre was recorded by Bérurier Noir, on the album Macadam Massacre. The Pittsburgh Pirates organ player would play the song, each time second baseman Johnny Ray would come to bat, united States soccer fans sing the chorus to this song during matches as a patriotic hymn to support their national team. Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 1960 album Sing Again with The Chipmunks, the Clash used the melody and some of the lyrics for their song English Civil War on the Give Em Enough Rope album. A Galician Celtic folk music ensemble Luar na Lubre used the tune in the song Os animais on the 2007 Camiños da fin da terra album, german EBM band Tyske Ludder recorded a version on their album Anonymous called March
27.
Please (U2 song)
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Please is the eleventh song from U2s 1997 album, Pop. It was released as the fourth single on 20 October 1997. As with Sunday Bloody Sunday, the song is about The Troubles in Northern Ireland, the single cover for this song features the pictures of four Northern Irish politicians – Gerry Adams, David Trimble, Ian Paisley, and John Hume. Two months before the release of the single, live versions of Please and this song was played live during every performance of the PopMart Tour, with an outro similar to the drumbeat to that of Sunday Bloody Sunday. Each performance segued directly into Where the Streets Have No Name, during the Elevation Tour, the song was initially played in electric form before being played acoustically by Bono and the Edge at about 20 different shows. The song has not been played in full since the show of the Elevation Tour. However, it was sampled along with The Hands That Built America during Bullet the Blue Sky on the Vertigo Tour. It was later sampled in the outro of Ill Go Crazy If I Dont Go Crazy Tonight on the U2 360° Tour to lead into the beginning of fellow Northern Ireland Troubles song Sunday Bloody Sunday. Note The four live tracks were released in other countries on the Please. The Please singles were backed with the following B-sides, Two remixes of Dirty Day from Zooropa were made for the single and this song was recorded for the soundtrack for Wim Wenders The End of Violence, with guest vocals by Sinéad OConnor. The version featured here is a remix, with few differences from the original version. This performance was taken from the European première of the PopMart Tour on 18 July 1997 at Feijenoord Stadium, in Rotterdam, the end of the performance included some lyrics from another song from Pop, The Playboy Mansion. This performance of With or Without You was taken from the first leg of the PopMart Tour in June 1997, at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Canada. This performance of Staring at the Sun, played by Bono and it was a more subtle, vocal-oriented version, with only the two guitars and some harmonies during the choruses. There are five versions of this available, The album version. The single version, on the single and video and this version was more similar to the live performances, with an orchestrated intro and the Sunday Bloody Sunday drumbeat on the middle eight. This version was recorded at the Wisseloord Studios in Hilversum, Netherlands, the USA edit, a special edit included on the US versions of the Please single CD. It is a stripped down and shortened version of the single version
28.
Acoustic music
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Acoustic music is music that solely or primarily uses instruments that produce sound through acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means. The retronym acoustic music appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the guitar, electric violin, electric organ. It has its origins in the music of the 1960s. The trend has also dubbed as acoustic rock in some cases. Navigating the Music Industry, Current Issues & Business Models, Music and the Modern Condition, Investigating the Boundaries
29.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
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Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
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Adam Clayton
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Adam Charles Clayton is an Irish musician, best known as the bass guitarist of the rock band U2. He has resided in County Dublin since the time his family moved to Malahide when he was five years old in 1965. Clayton is well known for his bass playing on such as Gloria, New Years Day, Bullet the Blue Sky, With or Without You, Mysterious Ways, Get on Your Boots. He has worked on solo projects throughout his career, such as his work with fellow band member Larry Mullen, Jr. on the 1996 version of the Theme from Mission. Clayton, as a part of U2, has won 22 Grammy Awards, Adam Charles Clayton is the oldest child of Brian and Jo Clayton, born on 13 March 1960 in Chinnor, Oxfordshire, England. His father was a pilot with the Royal Air Force, who moved into civil aviation, when he was 4 years old, Claytons father worked in Kenya as a pilot with East African Airways, the family being resident in Nairobi. In 1965 the family moved to Malahide, County Dublin in the Republic of Ireland, the Clayton family became friends with the Evans family. When he was eight years old, Clayton was sent to the junior boarding Castle Park School in Dalkey. He did not enjoy or respond well to its ethos not being particularly sports orientated and he was interested in pop music, which students were not allowed to listen to. He joined the Schools Gramphone Society, which met to listen to classical music and he also took piano lessons for a short time. At age 13, Clayton entered the private St. Columbas College secondary school in Rathfarnham, here he made friends with other pupils who were enthusiastic about the pop/rock music acts of the period, including The Who, The Beatles, The Grateful Dead, and Carole King. In response he bought a £5 acoustic guitar from a junk-shop near the Dublin quays, john Leslie, who shared a bunk bed with Clayton at St. Columbas, persuaded him to join in with a school band where Clayton would play the bass guitar for the first time. His mother purchased a bass for him when he was 14 years old on the basis of a promise that he would commit himself to learn to play the instrument. McCormick and Martin left the band soon after its inception, while the band was a five-piece it was known as Feedback. The name was changed to The Hype, but changed to U2 soon after Dik Evans left. Clayton stood in as the nearest thing that the band had to a manager in its early life, handing over the duties to Paul McGuinness in May 1978. In 1981, around the time of U2s second, spiritually charged album, October, Bono, The Edge, and Mullen had joined a Christian group, and were questioning the compatibility of rock music with their spirituality. However, Clayton, with his more ambiguous religious views, was less concerned, Clayton made international headlines in August 1989 when he was arrested in Dublin for carrying a small amount of marijuana
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Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
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Larry Mullen Jr.
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Laurence Joseph Larry Mullen Jr. is an Irish musician and actor, best known as the drummer of the Irish rock band U2. A member of the band since its inception, he has recorded 13 studio albums with U2, Mullen was born and raised in Dublin, and attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School, where, in 1976, he co-founded U2 after posting a message on the schools notice board. His drumming style developed from his playing martial beats in a marching band. Some of his most famous contributions to the U2 catalogue include Sunday Bloody Sunday, Pride, Where the Streets Have No Name, Zoo Station, Mysterious Ways, through his work with U2, Mullen has received 22 Grammy Awards. In 2016, Rolling Stone ranked Mullen the 96th-greatest drummer of all time, as a member of the band, he has been involved in philanthropic causes throughout his career, including Amnesty International. He has sporadically acted in films, most notably in Man on the Train and his father was a civil servant and his mother a homemaker. He has a sister, Cecilia, and had a younger sister. He attended the School of Music in Chatham Row to learn piano at the age of eight and, then, began drumming in 1971, at the age of 9, after Joes death, Bonnies daughter, Monica, took over from him. But Mullen gave up the lessons and started playing by himself and his mother died in a car accident in 1976. Mullen lost interest again and left the band after they asked him to cut his shoulder-length hair and he saved money and his father helped him out to buy a drum kit made by a Japanese toy company, which was for sale by a friend of his sister Cecilia. He set up the kit in his bedroom and his parents gave him certain times to practice, then his father got him into the Post Office Workers Band, which played orchestral melodies with percussion, along with marching band standards. He attended Scoil Colmcille, Marlborough Street, Dublin and he took the exams for Chanel College and St. Pauls, two Catholic schools his father wanted his son to attend. Mullens father suggested that he place a notice on the Mount Temple bulletin board, U2 was founded on 25 September 1976 in Mullens kitchen in Artane. McCormick and Martin soon left, and the name was changed to The Hype. Just before they won a talent contest in Limerick, Ireland, they changed their name again, for the time, to U2 at a farewell concert for Dik Evans. Mullen left school in 1978, having taken his Intermediate Certificate exams, the school offered him the chance to complete his Leaving Certificate exams. He and his sister Cecelia worked for an American company in Dublin, Mullen worked there for a year in the purchasing department, with the prospect of becoming a computer programmer in their geology section. In 2016, Rolling Stone ranked Mullen the 96th-greatest drummer of all time, when the band was first being signed to CBS Records, they refused to sign the band unless Mullen was fired
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Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
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Percussion instrument
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A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater, struck, scraped or rubbed by hand, or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, the percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, percussive techniques can also be applied to the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as the backbone or the heartbeat of an ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments. In jazz and other popular ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, however, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed, in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music, in almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word swing is spoken. Because of the diversity of instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles, music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef. The word percussion has evolved from Latin terms, percussio, as a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for percussion, Most percussion instruments are classified as idiophones and membranophones.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers, played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone. 21 Struck drums, includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, (Included in most drum sets or 412. Stringed instruments played with such as the hammered dulcimer
36.
Audio engineer
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An audio engineer works on the recording, manipulating the record using equalization and electronic effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the. technical aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the physical recording of any project is done by an engineer. Many audio engineers creatively use technologies to produce sound for film, radio, television, music, electronic products and computer games. Audio engineers also set up, sound check and do live sound mixing using an audio console, research and development audio engineers invent new technologies, equipment and techniques, to enhance the process and art of audio engineering. They might also be referred to as acoustic engineers, audio engineers in research and development usually possess a bachelors degree, masters degree or higher qualification in acoustics, physics, computer science or another engineering discipline. They might work in consultancy, specializing in architectural acoustics. Alternatively they might work in companies, or other industries that need audio expertise. Some positions, such as faculty require a Doctor of Philosophy, in Germany a Toningenieur is an audio engineer who designs, builds and repairs audio systems. The listed subdisciplines are based on PACS coding used by the Acoustical Society of America with some revision, audio engineers develop algorithms to allow the electronic manipulation of audio signals. These can be processed at the heart of audio production such as reverberation. Alternatively, the algorithms might carry out echo cancellation on Skype, or identify, architectural acoustics is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a room. For audio engineers, architectural acoustics can be about achieving good speech intelligibility in a stadium or enhancing the quality of music in a theatre, architectural Acoustic design is usually done by acoustic consultants. Electroacoustics is concerned with the design of headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, sound reproduction systems, examples of electroacoustic design include portable electronic devices, sound systems in architectural acoustics, surround sound in movie theater and vehicle audio. Musical acoustics is concerned with researching and describing the science of music, in audio engineering, this includes the design of electronic instruments such as synthesizers, the human voice, computer analysis of audio, music therapy, and the perception and cognition of music. Psychoacoustics is the study of how humans respond to what they hear. At the heart of audio engineering are listeners who are the final arbitrator as to whether a design is successful. The production, computer processing and perception of speech is an important part of audio engineering, ensuring speech is transmitted intelligibly, efficiently and with high quality, in rooms, through public address systems and through mobile telephone systems are important areas of study. Producer, engineer, and mixer Phil Ek has described audio engineering as the aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, the turning of pre-amp knobs
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Audio mixing (recorded music)
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The track may be mixed in mono, stereo, or surround sound. There are numerous approaches, methods and techniques involved in Audio mixing, some of these practices include levels setting, equalization, stereo panning, Audio mixing techniques and approaches can vary widely, and these can greatly affect the qualities of the sound recording. Audio mixing techniques largely depend on music genres and the quality of sound recordings involved, the process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer, though sometimes the musical producer or music artist may assist. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production, Audio mixing may be transferred onto a mixing console or digital audio workstation. Jay bala ji In the late century, Thomas Edison. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts, Emile Berliners gramophone system recorded music by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto a vinyl disc. Electronic recording became widely used during the 1920s. It was based on the principles of electromagnetic transduction, the possibility for a microphone to be connected remotely to a recording machine meant that microphones could be positioned in more suitable places. Even more useful was the fact that the outputs of the microphones could be mixed before being fed to the disc cutter, before the introduction of multitrack recording, all sounds and effects that were to be part of a record were mixed at one time during a live performance. If the recorded blend wasnt satisfactory, or if one made a mistake. Modern mixing emerged with the introduction of commercial multi-track tape machines, the ability to record sounds into a multitude of channels meant that treating these sounds could be postponed to a later stage– the mixing stage. In the 1980s, home recording and mixing became much easier, the 4-track Portastudio was introduced in 1979. Bruce Springsteen released the album Nebraska in 1982 using one, the Eurythmics topped the charts in 1983 with the song Sweet Dreams, recorded by band member Dave Stewart on a makeshift 8-track recorder. In the mid-to-late 1990s, computers replaced tape-based recording for most home studios, at the same time, digital audio workstations, first used in the mid-1980s, began to replace tape in many professional recording studios. A mixer is the heart of the mixing process. Mixers offer a multitude of inputs, each fed by a track from a multitrack recorder, mixers typically have 2 main outputs or 8. Mixers offer three main functionalities, Mixing – summing signals together, which is normally done by a dedicated summing amplifier or in the case of digital by a simple algorithm, routing – allows the routing of source signals to internal buses or external processing units and effects. Processing – many mixers also offer on-board processors, like equalizers and compressors, Mixing consoles used for dubbing can often be seen as large and intimidating, due to the exceptional amount of controls
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U2 discography
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The discography of the Irish rock band U2 consists of thirteen studio albums, one live album, three compilation albums, sixty-seven singles, and eight extended plays. The band consists of Bono, The Edge, Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen, the bands eight No.1 singles on the US Modern Rock charts places them fifth all-time. The band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in early 2005, U2 have sold more than 170 million records. General U2, The Ultimate Compendium of Interviews, Articles, Facts, specific Official website U2 discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs
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Island Records
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Island Records is a major record label that operates as a division of UMG Recordings, Inc. It was founded by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall and Leslie Kong in Jamaica in 1959, Blackwell sold the label to PolyGram in 1989. Three Island labels exist in the world, Island UK, Island US, and Island Australia, current key people of Island Records include Island president Darcus Beese, OBE and MD Jon Turner. Partially due to the labels significant legacy, Island remains one of UMGs pre-eminent record labels, Island Records was founded in Jamaica on 4 July 1959 by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall and Leslie Kong, and partially financed by Stanley Borden from RKO. Its name was inspired by the Harry Belafonte song Island in the Sun. Blackwell explained in 2009, “I loved music so much, I just wanted to get into it, or be as close to it as I could. ”Tom Hayes, the labels sales manager between 1965 and 1967, referred to the early period of the label in the UK as “organized chaos”. “My Boy Lollipop”, sung by Millie Small, was the labels first success in the UK, Blackwell explained in a 50-year-anniversary documentary that he was only interested in building long-term careers at that stage in time, rather than short-term projects. Suzette Newman has been a colleague of Chris Blackwells since working together in the early days of Island Records. Suzette Newman and Chris Salewicz were the editors for the book “The Story of Island Records, Blackwell relocated to England in May 1962 to garner greater levels of attention after the local Jamaican sound systems proved to be overwhelmingly successful. The vast majority of the artists who had signed to Blackwells fledgling label while he was in Jamaica agreed to allow the entrepreneur to release their music in the UK. While in England, Blackwell travelled throughout the city carrying his stock with him and he did not provide any copies to radio stations, as they would not play any of the Island music, the music was also not reviewed by the press. Meanwhile, Goodall left to start the Doctor Bird record label in 1965, Blackwell signed the Spencer Davis Group to the label. The group became popular and Island started their own independent series to spotlight UK rock talent. They signed artists like John Martyn, Fairport Convention, Free, by the late 1960s and early 1970s, they were a major label in England with artists like Roxy Music, King Crimson, Traffic, The Wailers, and many others. Blackwell had signed Bob Marley, and now Toots and the Maytals, in November 2016, Jackie Jackson described the formation of the group in a radio interview for Kool 97 FM Jamaica. Accompanied by Paul Douglas and Radcliffe Dougie Bryan in studio, Jackson explained, Were all original members of Toots, first it was Toots and the Maytals, three guys, Toots, Raleigh, and Jerry. …And then they were signed to Island Records, Chris Blackwell, and we were their recording band. One day we were summoned to Chris house, and he says, Alright gentleman, I think its time
40.
Boy (album)
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Boy is the debut studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Steve Lillywhite, and was released on 20 October 1980 on Island Records and it contains many songs from the bands 40-song catalogue at the time, including two tracks that were re-recorded from their original versions on the bands debut release, the EP Three. The album was slated to be produced by Martin Hannett, who produced the bands first single for Island,11 OClock Tick Tock. Boy was recorded from July–September 1980 at Dublins Windmill Lane Studios and it was also their first time working with Lillywhite. He employed unorthodox production techniques, such as recording Mullens drums in a stairwell, the band found Lillywhite to be very encouraging and creative, and he subsequently became a frequent producer of their recorded work. Thematically, the lyrics reflected on adolescence, innocence, and the passage into adulthood, Boy received generally positive reviews and included U2s first single to receive airplay on US radio, I Will Follow. It peaked at number 52 in the UK and number 63 in the US, the albums release was followed by the groups first tour of continental Europe and the US, the Boy Tour. In 2003, the album was included at number 417 on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, in 2008, a remastered edition of Boy was released. Originally, Joy Division producer Martin Hannett was penciled in to produce the album, Boy was recorded at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin from July to September 1980, with Steve Lillywhite producing. Lillywhite had first come to prominence for his work on the 1978s debut single of Siouxsie, U2, who listened to Siouxsie and the Banshees, used Lillywhites skills to add the distinctive glockenspiel part on I Will Follow. The drums were recorded in the stairwell of the reception area due to Lillywhites desire to achieve this wonderful clattery sound. They had to wait until the receptionist went home in the evenings as the phone rang through the day, some of the songs, including An Cat Dubh and The Ocean, were written and recorded at the studio. Many of the songs were taken from the bands 40-song repertoire at the time, including Stories for Boys, Out of Control, guitarist the Edge recorded all the songs using his natural stained Gibson Explorer. He drew inspiration from music he was listening to at the time, including Television and Siouxsie, I Will Follow focused on the trauma of the early death of Bonos mother when he was a young teenager. Boy was originally released on 20 October 1980, the model boy on the cover is Peter Rowen (brother of Bonos friend, Guggi. He also appeared on the covers of Three, War, The Best of 1980–1990, the photographer, Hugo McGuiness, and the sleeve designer, Steve Averill, went on to work on several more U2 album covers. The image was changed to a picture of the band for the American and Canadian release. Sandy Porter is credited as the photographer for the American cover, however, the photo of Rowen appeared on the inner sleeve of the album in the US and Canada
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