1.
Lower East Side
–
The Lower East Side is roughly bounded by the Bowery to the west, East Houston Street to the north, the F. D. R. Drive to the east and Canal Street to the south, the western boundary below Grand Street veers east off of the Bowery to approximately Essex Street. The neighborhood is bordered in the south and west by Chinatown – which extends north to roughly Grand Street, in the west by Nolita and in the north by the East Village. Historically, the Lower East Side referred to the area alongside the East River from about the Manhattan Bridge and Canal Street up to 14th Street and it included areas known today as East Village, Alphabet City, Chinatown, Bowery, Little Italy, and NoLIta. Parts of the East Village are still known as Loisaida, a Latino pronunciation of Lower East Side, Avenue C is known directly as Loisaida and is home to the Loisaida Festival every summer. Their main trail took approximately the route of Broadway, one encampment in the Lower East Side area, near Corlears Hook was called Rechtauck or Naghtogack. Around these farms were a number of enclaves of free or half-free Africans, one of the largest of these was located along the modern Bowery between Prince Street and Astor Place. These black farmers were some of the earliest settlers of the area, gradually, during the 17th century, there was an overall consolidation of the boweries and farms into larger parcels, and much of the Lower East side was then part of the Delancy farm. James Delanceys pre-Revolutionary farm east of post road leading from the city survives in the names Delancey Street, on the modern map of Manhattan, the Delancey farm is represented in the grid of streets from Division Street north to Houston Street. In response to the pressures of a city, Delancey began to survey streets in the southern part of the West Farm in the 1760s. The point of land on the East River now called Corlears Hook was also called Corlaers Hook under Dutch and British rule, and briefly Crown Point during British occupation in the Revolution. It was named after the schoolmaster Jacobus van Corlaer, who settled on this plantation that in 1638 was called by a Europeanized version of its Lenape name, Nechtans or Nechtanc. Corlaer sold the plantation to Wilhelmus Hendrickse Beekman, founder of the Beekman family of New York, the projection into the East River that retained Corlaers name was an important landmark for navigators for 300 years. On older maps and documents it is usually spelled Corlaers Hook, in the course of the 19th century they came to be called hookers. In 1833, Corlears Hook was the location of some of the first tenements built in New York City, the original location of Corlears Hook is now obscured by shoreline landfill. It was near the east end of the present pedestrian bridge over the FDR Drive near Cherry Street, the name is preserved in Corlears Hook Park at the intersection of Jackson and Cherry Streets along the East River Drive. The bulk of immigrants who came to New York City in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to the Lower East Side, moving into crowded tenements there. By the 1840s, large numbers of German immigrants settled in the area, later, more radical artists such as the Beat poets and writers were drawn to the neighborhood – especially the parts which later became the East Village – by the inexpensive housing and cheap food
2.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
New York (state)
–
New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
4.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Psychedelic folk
–
Psychedelic folk is a loosely defined form of psychedelia that originated in the 1960s. It retains the acoustic instrumentation of folk, but adds musical influences common to psychedelic music. Psychedelic folk generally favors acoustic instrumentation although it incorporates other instrumentation. Chanting, early music and various folk music influences are often found in psych folk. Much like its counterpart, psychedelic folk is often known for a peculiar, trance-like. Its lyrics are concerned with such subjects as the natural world, love and beauty. The first musical use of the term psychedelic is thought to have been by the New York-based folk group The Holy Modal Rounders on their version of Lead Bellys Hesitation Blues in 1964. Folk/avant-garde guitarist John Fahey recorded several songs in the early 1960s that experimented with recording techniques, including backward tapes. His nineteen-minute The Great San Bernardino Birthday Party anticipated elements of psychedelia with its nervy improvisations, Other songs from Faheys The Great San Bernardino Birthday Party & Other Excursions also used unsettling moods and dissonances that took them beyond the typical folk fare. In 1967, he performed with the rock band Red Krayola at the Berkeley Folk Festival which was recorded. Among other descriptions, their performance has been likened to the very weirdest parts of late-60s Pink Floyd pieces, similarly, folk guitarist Sandy Bulls early work incorporated elements of folk, jazz, and Indian and Arabic-influenced dronish modes. His 1963 album Fantasias for Guitar and Banjo explores various styles and instrumentation, later albums, such as 1968s E Pluribus Unum and his live album Still Valentines Day 1969, which use experimental recording techniques and extended improvisation, also have psychedelic elements. In the mid 1970s psychedelia began to fall out of fashion, in Britain folk groups also tended to electrify as did acoustic duo Tyrannosaurus Rex which became the electric combo T. Rex. This was a continuation of a process by which progressive folk had considerable impact on mainstream rock, anti-folk Freak folk Jam bands Neofolk Ptolemaic Terrascope – a psychedelic folk & rock magazine PsychedelicFolk
6.
Prestige Records
–
Prestige Records was a jazz record company and label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock in New York City. The company recorded hundreds of albums by many of the jazz musicians of the day. In 1971, the company was sold to Fantasy, which was absorbed by Concord. Weinstock opened a store for collectors in 1948 while still a teenager. The store was adjacent to the Metropole Jazz Club in New York City, Jazz musicians hung out and rehearsed at the club, and then moved upstairs adjacent to Weinstocks store. Weinstock got the idea to record these jazz stars by offering them cash payments, Prestige office was located at 446 West 50th Street, New York City. The labels name was initially New Jazz, but changed to Prestige Records the following year and its catalogue included Gene Ammons, John Coltrane, Miles Davis, Stan Getz, Wardell Gray, Thelonious Monk, and Sonny Rollins. Weinstock stated a desire for an authentic, spontaneous sound, unlike Blue Note, Prestige would not pay musicians for rehearsals and discouraged repeated takes. Another Weinstock practice, of rewinding the tapes after bad takes, has resulted in very few alternate takes surfacing from the classic Prestige years, audio engineer Rudy Van Gelder was in charge of recording many albums in the 1950s. Prestige created new labels in 1960, Swingsville, Moodsville, and Bluesville, musicians recording for the label at this time included Jaki Byard and Booker Ervin, while Prestige remained commercially viable by recording a number of soul jazz artists like Charles Earland. In the mid-sixties the companys headquarters were located at 203 South Washington Avenue in Bergenfield, Bob Weinstock has been criticized over the years for allegedly exploitive business practices. Jackie McLean in A. B. Spellmans Four Lives in the Bebop Business is particularly outspoken and he resented Weinstocks economic exploitation, but appreciated the chance Weinstock gave him when his career was at its low point. The company was sold to Fantasy Records in 1971, and original releases on the label formed a significant proportion of their Original Jazz Classics line, Fantasy was purchased by Concord Records in 2005. Prestige – official site Prestige discography at Discogs Prestige discography at JazzDisco
7.
Rounder Records
–
Rounder Records is an American record label specializing in folk, bluegrass, blues, and other forms of American roots music. Its roster includes Alison Krauss and Union Station, Béla Fleck, Steve Martin and Edie Brickell, Rounders musicians have won over 40 Grammy Awards since the labels inception in 1970. The company also maintains book and video divisions, Rounder was founded in 1970 by Ken Irwin, Bill Nowlin and Marian Leighton-Levy, three college friends in Massachusetts who shared an interest in folk, old country, and bluegrass music. They gave the label its name for reasons, the shape of a vinyl record, the nickname for a hobo. In Rounders first three years, it released 19 records, starting in 1970 with an album by George Pegram, Rounders earliest success was George Thorogood and The Destroyers, a blues-rock band that sold half a millions copes of their 1978 album Move It On Over. Headquarters were moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, over the years, Rounder expanded its roster to include other genres such as reggae, and zydeco. The labels first Grammy was won by blues guitarist Clarence Gatemouth Brown in 1983 for the album Alright Again, Rounders most successful act is bluegrass singer and fiddler Alison Krauss. In 1991, at the age of 19, she won a Grammy Award for her second album, the album spawned singles, videos, and national TV exposure. Krauss has sold over 12 million albums and won 27 Grammy Awards, in 2012, Rounder was sold to Concord Music Group. Two years later, Rounder moved its headquarters to Nashville, list of record labels Official site The Never-Ending Revival, Rounder Records and the Folk Alliance by Michael F. Scully Radio Interview with founders Marian Leighton Levy and Ken Irwin
8.
ESP-Disk
–
ESP-Disk is a New York-based record company and label founded in 1964 by lawyer Bernard Stollman. Though it originally existed to release Esperanto-based music, starting with its second release, ESP also released recordings by uncommercial underground rock acts including the Fugs, The Godz and Pearls Before Swine. Bernard Stollman faced allegations of not paying royalties to the artists that were signed to ESP-Disk, tom Rapp of the band Pearls Before Swine claimed that We never got any money from ESP. Never, not even like a hundred dollars or something and my real sense is that he was abducted by aliens, and when he was probed it erased his memory of where all the money was. Peter Stampfel of the band Holy Modal Rounders and The Fugs claimed that Stollman told him that the contract says that all belong to me. You have no royalties ever, ever, ever and you dont own the songs anymore. Members of The Fugs have also stated claims that they received a record contract. Ed Sanders said that our royalty rate was less than 3%, other artists who have recorded for this label include Ornette Coleman, Pharoah Sanders, Sun Ra, Ronnie Boykins, Marion Brown, Sonny Simmons, Paul Bley, Ran Blake, and Perry Robinson. The labels catalog has been licensed frequently to record labels since the 1970s. Stollman later resumed direct responsibility for reissues and for recruiting new emerging artists, BYG Actuel AACM List of record labels Official site Official Myspace Collectors discography The Old New Thing is Newer Than Ever. Liner notes for an ESP-Disk mash-up by Wu Ming 1 an esp-disk discography at Wesleyan University
