1.
The Jackson 5ive (TV series)
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The series was rebroadcast in syndication through during the 1984–1985 Saturday morning season, during a period when Michael Jackson was riding a major wave of popularity as a solo artist. The series was animated mainly in London at the studios of Halas and Batchelor, the director was Spanish-American Robert Balser. Due to high demands on the group, the roles of Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, the group did make some contribution to the cartoon in the form of live photographs of each member morphing into a cartoon which was shown in the title screen medley. Although the musical scenes of the cartoon were chiefly animation, an occasional live-action footage of a concert or music video of the Jackson 5 would be spliced into the cartoon series. Though Berry Gordy did not provide the voice nor advertised his name. R&B/Pop singer Diana Ross contributed to voice her fictionalized self in the debut episode, the series was followed by The Jacksons, a live action show, in 1976. A specially recorded medley of five Jackson 5 #1 hits—I Want You Back, The Love You Save, ABC, Ill Be There, each episode would feature 2 songs by the Jackson 5. The songs were derived from their albums Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5, ABC, Maybe Tomorrow, in the newer episodes, from 1972–73, eight songs were derived from Michael Jacksons album Got to Be There and two songs from the Jackson 5 album Lookin Through the Windows. Because Michael Jackson owned many pets in real life, a few pets were added as characters to the cartoon. They included Michaels pet rats, Ray and Charles, and his pet snake Rosey The Crusher, other than the mice chirping, the pets never spoke, but usually either attributed to assistance, mischief or joining the Jackson Brothers in performances on the show. Like most 1970s-era Saturday morning cartoon series, The Jackson 5ive contained an laugh track. Rankin-Bass experimented with creating their own track, a practice Hanna-Barbera had implemented in 1971. This was done to avoid paying fees to Charley Douglass. Like Hanna-Barbera, Rankin/Bass isolated several snippets of canned chuckles from Douglass’ library, the laughs initially consisted of only loud eruptions, mild jokes received unnatural bouts of laughter, while other times, the laughter would erupt mid-sentence. The studio had improved the process by the season, using more modulated laughs culled from Douglasss 1971-1972 library. Laughs did not erupt mid-sentence like the first season and were timed by Rankin/Bass sound engineers. Unlike Hanna-Barberas laugh track, Rankin/Bass provided a variety of laughs. Rankin/Bass ceased using laugh tracks after The Jackson 5ive ended its run in 1973
2.
Gary, Indiana
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Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States,25 miles from downtown Chicago, Illinois. The population of Gary was 80,294 at the 2010 census, from the middle of the twentieth century to the present, Gary has experienced drastic population loss, falling by 55 percent from its peak of 178,320 in 1960. Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and borders Lake Michigan, the city is known for its large steel mills, and for being the birthplace of The Jackson 5 music group. Gary, Indiana, was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant, the city was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary, who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation. Gary was the site of civil unrest in the Steel Strike of 1919, on October 4,1919, a riot broke out on Broadway, the main north-south street through downtown Gary, between striking steel workers and strike breakers brought in from outside. Three days later, Indiana governor James P. Goodrich declared martial law, shortly thereafter, over 4,000 federal troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood arrived to restore order. The jobs offered by the industry provided Gary with very rapid growth. At that time,19. 3% of the population was classified as foreign-born, Gary was also becoming increasingly racially diverse, with 17. 8% of the population classified as black, and 3. 5% as Mexican. Garys fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry, the growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community. Broadway was known as a center for the region. Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area, in the 1960s, like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry, Gary entered a spiral of decline. Garys decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry, the U. S. Steel Gary Works employed over 30,000 in 1970, declined to just 6,000 by 1990, and further declined to 5,100 in August of 2015. As the city declined, crime increased, rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. Non-whites were primarily restricted to live in the Midtown section just south of downtown, Gary had one of the nations first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the ground-breaking 1972 National Black Political Convention. Since the 1930s, Gary had developed a reputation as a city due to rampant political corruption, racial violence & segregation, labor unrest. In the 1960s through the 1980s, surrounding localities such as Merrillville and Crown Point experienced rapid growth, including new homes. Owing to white flight, economic distress, and a perception of skyrocketing crime, many middle-class, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African-Americans of U. S. cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84%. This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100,000 residents, as of 2013, the Gary Department of Redevelopment has estimated that one-third of all homes in the city are unoccupied and/or abandoned
3.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
4.
Rhythm and blues
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
5.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
6.
Disco
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Disco is a genre of dance music containing elements of funk, soul, pop, and salsa. It achieved popularity during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. It was popular with men and women, from many different backgrounds. The disco sound often has several components, a beat, an eighth note or 16th note hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat. In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, Orchestral instruments such as the flute are often used for solo melodies, and lead guitar is less frequently used in disco than in rock. Many disco songs use electronic synthesizers, particularly in the late 1970s, well-known 1970s disco performers included Donna Summer, the Bee Gees, Boney M. KC and the Sunshine Band, The Trammps, Sylvester, Village People, Gloria Gaynor and Chic. While performers and singers garnered much attention, record producers working behind the scenes played an important role in developing the disco sound. Many non-disco artists recorded songs at the height of discos popularity. Disco was the last mass popular movement that was driven by the baby boom generation. Disco was a phenomenon, but its popularity drastically declined in the United States in 1980. Disco Demolition Night, an anti-disco protest held in Chicago on 12 July 1979, is thought of as a factor in discos fast. By the late 1970s most major U. S. cities had thriving disco club scenes, Studio 54, a venue popular amongst celebrities, is a well-known example of a disco club. Popular dances included the Hustle, a suggestive dance. Discotheque-goers often wore expensive, extravagant and sexy fashions, Disco clubs were also associated with promiscuity. Disco was a key influence on the 1980s electronic dance style called house. The term is derived from discothèque, by the early 1940s, the terms disc jockey and DJ were in use to describe radio presenters. During WWII, because of restrictions set in place by the Nazi occupiers, eventually more than one of these jazz venues had the proper name discothèque. By 1959, the term was used in Paris to describe any of these type of nightclubs and that year a young reporter named Klaus Quirini started to select and introduce records at the Scotch-Club in Aachen, West Germany
7.
Funk
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Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths. Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone and Parliament-Funkadelic, soon began to adopt, Funk samples have been used extensively in genres including hip hop, house music, and drum and bass. It is also the influence of go-go, a subgenre associated with funk. The word funk initially referred to a strong odor and it is originally derived from Latin fumigare via Old French fungiere and, in this sense, it was first documented in English in 1620. In 1784 funky meaning musty was first documented, which, in turn, in early jam sessions, musicians would encourage one another to get down by telling one another, Now, put some stank on it. At least as early as 1907, jazz songs carried titles such as Funky, as late as the 1950s and early 1960s, when funk and funky were used increasingly in the context of jazz music, the terms still were considered indelicate and inappropriate for use in polite company. According to one source, New Orleans-born drummer Earl Palmer was the first to use the word funky to explain to other musicians that their music should be made more syncopated, the style later evolved into a rather hard-driving, insistent rhythm, implying a more carnal quality. This early form of the set the pattern for later musicians. The music was identified as slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented, a great deal of funk is rhythmically based on a two-celled onbeat/offbeat structure, which originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions. New Orleans appropriated the bifurcated structure from the Afro-Cuban mambo and conga in the late 1940s, New Orleans funk, as it was called, gained international acclaim largely because James Browns rhythm section used it to great effect. Funk creates an intense groove by using strong guitar riffs and bass lines, like Motown recordings, funk songs used bass lines as the centerpiece of songs. Slap basss mixture of thumb-slapped low notes and finger popped high notes allowed the bass to have a rhythmic role. In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a style, often using the wah-wah sound effect. Guitarist Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic were notably influenced by Jimi Hendrixs improvised solos, Eddie Hazel, who worked with George Clinton, is one of the most notable guitar soloists in funk. Ernie Isley was tutored at an age by Jimi Hendrix himself. Jimmy Nolen and Phelps Collins are famous funk rhythm guitarists who both worked with James Brown, on Browns Give It Up or Turnit a Loose, Jimmy Nolens guitar part has a bare bones tonal structure
8.
Bubblegum pop
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Bubblegums classic period ran from 1967 to 1972. A second wave of bubblegum started two years later and ran until 1977 when disco took over and punk rock emerged, the genre was predominantly a singles phenomenon rather than an album-oriented one. Because many acts were manufactured in the studio using session musicians, singer Tommy Roe, arguably, had the most bubblegum hits of any artist during this period, notably 1969s Dizzy. The songs typically have singalong choruses, seemingly childlike themes and a contrived innocence, bubblegum songs are also defined as having a catchy melody, simple chords, simple harmonies, dancy beats, repetitive riffs or hooks and a vocally-multiplied refrain. The song lyrics often feature themes of love and personal happiness, with references to sunshine, platonic love, toys, colors, nonsense words. They are also notable for their frequent reference to food, including sugar, honey, butterscotch, jelly. Cross-marketing with cereal and bubblegum manufacturers also strengthened the link between bubblegum songs and confectionery, cardboard records by The Archies, The Banana Splits, The Jackson 5, The Monkees, Bobby Sherman, Josie and the Pussycats, H. R. Producers Jerry Kasenetz and Jeff Katz have claimed credit for coining the term pop, saying that when they discussed their target audience, they decided it was teenagers. And at the time we used to be chewing bubblegum, and my partner and I used to look at it and laugh and say, Ah, the term was seized upon by Buddah Records label executive Neil Bogart. Music writer and bubblegum historian Bill Pitzonka confirmed the claim, telling Goldmine magazine, Kasenetz and Katz really crystallized it when they came up with the term themselves and that nice little analogy. And Neil Bogart, being the person he was, just crammed it down the throats of people. Thats really the point at which bubblegum took off, a breeding ground for the genre has also been found in the field of 1960s garage rock, the songs of which shared an overriding simplicity with bubblegum. Garage and bubblegum groups were also both generally singles acts, between those two camps emerged Florida group The Royal Guardsmen, who scored a US No.2 hit in 1966 with their novelty hit Snoopy Vs. The Red Baron, and The Fifth Estate, whose 1967 song Ding-Dong, the Witch Is Dead reached No.11 in the US. Although the band began as a prefabricated, fictional rock group concocted to sell records and TV advertising time, in May 1968, The Ohio Express also scored a No.4 hit with Yummy Yummy Yummy. The song was released as an Ohio Express single without Levines knowledge, two follow-ups, Down at Lulus and Chewy Chewy, also charted – both featuring vocals by Levine, and neither featuring any members of Ohio Express. The real Ohio Express toured, supporting The Who and Hermans Hermits, with bassist Dean Kastran performing the vocals for the hits, Kasenetz and Katz also scored on Bell Records in early 1969 with Gimme Gimme Good Lovin by another manufactured band, Crazy Elephant. The dominance of the Kasenetz–Katz team was challenged in 1969 by music publisher Don Kirshner and Hanky Pankys co-author, a battered and resentful Kirshner envisioned a manufactured group over which he could have permanent and total control, Filmations cartoon band The Archies, based on the Archie Comics characters
9.
Motown
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Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12,1958, the name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a record company,79 records in the Top Ten of the Billboard Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. The company was sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records successor, Universal Music Group, Motown spent much of the 2000s as a part of the Universal Music subsidiaries Universal Motown and Universal Motown Republic Group, and headquartered in New York City. From 2011 to 2014, Motown was a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group division of Universal Music. On April 1,2014, Universal Music Group announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam and it now operates out of the landmark Capitol Tower. For many decades, Motown was the highest-earning African American business in the United States, Berry Gordy got his start as a songwriter for local Detroit acts such as Jackie Wilson and the Matadors. Wilsons single Lonely Teardrops, written by Gordy, became a huge success and he realized that the more lucrative end of the business was in producing records and owning the publishing. In 1959, Billy Davis and Berry Gordys sisters Gwen and Anna started Anna Records, Davis and Gwen Gordy wanted Berry to be the company president, but Berry wanted to strike out on his own. On January 12,1959, he started Tamla Records, with a loan from his family. Gordy originally wanted to name the label Tammy Records, after the hit song popularized by Debbie Reynolds from the 1957 film Tammy, when he found the name was already in use, Berry decided on Tamla instead. Tamlas first release, in the Detroit area, was Marv Johnsons Come to Me in 1959 and its first hit was Barrett Strongs Money, which made it to number 2 on the Billboard R&B charts. Gordys first signed act was the Matadors, who changed their name to the Miracles. Their first release, Got a Job, was a record to the Silhouettes Get a Job. The Miracles first, minor hit was their single, 1959s Bad Girl, released in Detroit as the debut record on the Motown imprint
10.
Philadelphia International Records
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Philadelphia International Records is an American record label based in Philadelphia. It was founded in 1971 by the duo, Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff. It was famous for showcasing the Philadelphia soul music genre that was founded on the gospel, doo-wop and this Philly Soul sound later became a prominent and distinct era within R&B itself. During the 1970s the label released a string of hits which emphasized lavish orchestral instrumentation, heavy bass. Some of their most popular and best selling acts included Patti LaBelle, The OJays, Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, Teddy Pendergrass, MFSB, Billy Paul, between 1971 and the early 80s, the label sold over 170 gold and platinum records. Philadelphia International Records has been defunct since 1987, and finally shut down in 2001. As of 2007, Sony Music Entertainment owns all rights to the Philadelphia International Records music catalogue, in 1965, Huff joined Gambles band, The Romeos, a popular moniker at the time, by replacing future Philadelphia International Records producer and arranger Thom Bell on piano. Kenny Gamble and The Romeos had seen little success up to that point playing for their label, Arctic Records, the success of their biggest signing, The Intruders, brought attention to Gamble and Huff, which allowed them to create Neptune Records in 1969. Neptune Records, an ambitious project for the duo, was financed by Chess Records Group. When Chess Records Groups management changed hands in 1969, Neptune Records folded, with the collapse of Neptune Records, Gamble and Huff transferred their signed artists onto a new project, Philadelphia International Records. The label was set up in connection with Mighty Three/Assorted Music, Jones by Billy Paul,1972, When Will I See You Again by The Three Degrees,1974, and Youll Never Find Another Love Like Mine by Lou Rawls,1976. The label had a deal with CBS Records until 1984. Distribution of the catalog from 1976 onwards was then taken over by EMI, in 2007, Sonys Legacy Recordings regained the rights to Philadelphia Internationals full catalog and the following year, PIR/Legacy released a box set titled Love Train, The Sound of Philadelphia. Most of the released by the label was recorded and produced at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia. More than 30 resident studio musicians, known collectively as MFSB Mother Father Sister Brother, were based at this studio, some of these musicians also acted as arrangers, writers or producers for Philadelphia International as well as for other labels recording in the city. They included Bobby Martin, Norman Harris, Thom Bell, Ronnie Baker, Vince Montana and later, Jack Faith, Gamble and Huff worked as independent producers with a series of artists in the late 1960s and early 1970s, including Jerry Butler, Wilson Pickett and Dusty Springfield. They also produced The Jacksons first two albums for Epic/CBS after the group had left Motown in 1976, the first, titled The Jacksons featured the platinum-selling single Enjoy Yourself, and a second album, Goin Places followed in 1977. Although on CBS subsidiary Epic, both albums and the singles carried a Philadelphia International logo
11.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
12.
Jermaine Jackson
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Jermaine La Jaune Jackson is an American singer, bass guitarist, composer, and occasional film director. Jackson is mostly known for having in the past been a member of The Jackson 5, Jackson also produced and recorded duets with American singer Whitney Houston in her early years as a recording artist and was a producer for Bobby DeBarges band Switch. Jackson is the child of the Jackson family. Jackson was born December 11,1954 in Gary, Indiana and he is the fourth child born to Joseph and Katherine Jackson. His siblings are Rebbie, Jackie, Tito, La Toya, Marlon, Michael, Randy and his father Joseph had musical aspirations, playing guitar with his brother’s band, The Falcons, and Katherine was a passionate pianist and singer. But their large family and lack of money ended their dreams with Katherine becoming a housewife, and Joseph, while his father worked long hours as a crane operator, Jermaine and his brothers, Tito and Jackie, secretly practiced their own songs using their fathers guitar. Jermaine became the lead singer of the Jackson Brothers—an earlier incarnation of The Jackson Five—until 1966. Jermaine would continue to provide some leads over the years, Jermaine graduated from Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California in 1973. Jermaine and his brothers first signed as The Jackson Five with Gordon Keith of Steeltown Records in November 1967, after the group recorded three more songs with the Steeltown label they were signed with Berry Gordy of Motown Records in 1968 and 1969. As the co-lead singer of The Jackson 5 after his brother Michael, Jermaine sang notable parts of I Want You Back, Ill Be There, The Love You Save, Dancing Machine, Jermaine performed as part of the group for six years. However, Jeremaine decided to stay with Motown Records, citing loyalty to the company as the reason, others argue that Jermaines marriage to Motown founder Berry Gordys daughter Hazel, whom he married in 1973, was the reason. Jermaine split from the Jackson 5 to start a career at Motown. Unbeknownst to the group, Gordy had trademarked the name The Jackson Five, once signed with Epic, the group became known as The Jacksons. Several years later, in 1983, Gordy asked the group to perform at the Motown 25, Yesterday, Today, after the success of the broadcast, Jermaine rejoined the band to record the album Victory which featured all six brothers on The Jacksons album cover. Jermaine also participated in the bands Victory Tour and he stayed with the group for their final album,2300 Jackson Street, in 1989. In 2001, he reunited with his brothers to perform for the 30th Anniversary Special, like Michael, Jermaine began a solo career while still a member of The Jackson 5, and had a hit with the 1972 Shep and the Limelites cover Daddys Home. It sold over one million copies by March 1973, and was awarded a gold disc, when The Jackson 5 left Motown, Jermaine left the group and stayed at Motown. Jermaine was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his 1980 album Lets Get Serious, a duet with his brother Michael, Tell Me Im Not Dreamin, hit No.1 on the dance chart in 1984
13.
Jackie Jackson
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Sigmund Esco Jackson, better known by his stage name Jackie Jackson, is an American singer and musician. Jackson is best known for being a member of The Jackson 5, Jackson is the second child of the Jackson family and the oldest Jackson brother. Sigmund Esco Jackson was born on his mother Katherines 21st birthday in 1951, nicknamed Jackie by his grandfather, taken from Jackson Boy, he came from an African-American working-class family. He and his brothers and sisters grew up in a house in Gary, Indiana. In 1964, Jackies father, Joseph, formed the Jackson Brothers singing group, the group included younger brothers Marlon and Michael playing assorted percussive instruments. Prior to the signing with Motown, Jackson wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball, in fact. However, he decided to stay in music, Jackson performed under a high tenor singing voice. He added brief lead parts in some of the Jackson 5s hit singles, including I Want You Back, in 1973, Jackson released a solo album that failed to chart. After the Jackson 5 became The Jacksons after leaving Motown for CBS Records in 1976, Jacksons role as a vocalist and songwriter increased. He added a lead vocal alongside brother Michael on their top ten Epic single, Enjoy Yourself, Jacksons voice changed to a lower tenor vocal style during the Epic years. One of Jacksons most successful compositions was co-writing with Michael, Can You Feel It, Jackson began performing more lead vocals as Michael pursued a successful solo career. On their 1984 album, Victory, Jackson performed lead on the song Wait, while writing the single, notably before the start of the Victory Tour in 1984, Jackson suffered a leg injury that was officially described as a knee injury incurred during rehearsals. Jackson recovered well enough to perform on the last leg of shows in December 1984 in Los Angeles, in early 1985, Marlon Jackson joined Michael in leaving the group as well. Jackie, Tito and Randy became session musicians, vocalists and producers during this time, in 1987, Jackie, Randy, Tito and Jermaine reformed as The Jacksons and recorded Time Out for the Burglar, the theme song for the film, Burglar. The single was a minor R&B hit in the US, but had success in Belgium where it peaked in the Top 40 at #17 for two consecutive weeks. The Jacksons also contributed backing vocals to the Tito-produced title track of Tramaine Hawkins 1987 album Freedom, in late 1988, the Jacksons set out to record their final Epic album,2300 Jackson Street, which included Jackie and Jermaine splitting leads on most of the songs. 2300 Jackson Street failed to chart successfully despite the Randy and Jermaine-led Nothin, Randy did not participate in much of the albums promotion as he was working on his solo project leaving Jackie, Tito and Jermaine to promote the album mostly overseas. Afterwards, the group was dropped from the label and each went into solo projects
14.
Tito Jackson
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Toriano Adaryll Tito Jackson is an American singer–songwriter and guitarist. Jackson is the child in the Jackson family. Toriano Adaryll Jackson was born the third of ten children in a black family who lived in a three-room house in Gary. His father, Joseph, was a mill worker, while his mother. At ten years of age, he was playing his fathers guitar after he broke a string. After fixing the string, Joe demanded that his son play for him, once he was finished, Jacksons father bought him his own guitar. Shortly thereafter, Joseph convinced Tito, Jackie and Jermaine to form a group, having been impressed with the vocals of Jackie. Tito can be heard singing background vocals on many early Jackson 5 recordings and having lead roles on later recordings such as Man Of War, after first performing in school functions and supermarkets, the brothers began participating in local talent shows when Jackson was twelve. By then, his younger brother Michael, then seven, had become the lead singer of the group. In 1966, they changed their name from The Jackson Brothers to The Jackson Five, the group signed with Steeltown Records in Gary, Indiana, in November of that year. In January 1968, the Jackson Fives first single, Big Boy, was released on the Steeltown label. In 1969, The Jackson 5 signed with Motown Records in Detroit, and scored several hit songs, including the number-one singles I Want You Back, ABC, The Love You Save, and Ill Be There. Though Tito sometimes added brief lead vocals on songs, he. As a direct result, Titos guitar work did not make its debut till after he and he also began writing songs with his brothers during this time. Throughout his tenure as a Jackson 5 and Jacksons member, Tito can be heard on many recordings, such as Zippee Doo Da and Man Of War. Tito, along with Jackie, were the most consistent members of the Jacksons, with Jermaine, Marlon, Michael and Randy, after the end of the Victory Tour, Tito performed session work and also as a record producer. After releasing 2300 Jackson Street, the Jacksons ceased recording work, after years managing his sonss family group, 3T, Jackson returned to the national spotlight after reuniting with his brothers on Michaels 30th anniversary concert special at Madison Square Garden. Jackson began a career in 2003 performing as a blues musician in various clubs with his band, which included producer and guitarist Angelo Earl
15.
Michael Jackson
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Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, and philanthropist. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance, the eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. He began his career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music, the popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jacksons 1987 album Bad spawned the U. S and he continued to innovate with videos such as Black or White and Scream throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and his distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Thriller is the album of all time, with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide. Jacksons other albums, including Off the Wall, Bad, Dangerous and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. Jackson won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music. He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when Love Never Felt So Good reached number nine on May 21,2014. Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, aspects of Jacksons personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In 1993, he was accused of sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of child sexual abuse allegations. While preparing for his concert series, This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25,2009. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician, Jacksons death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world. Forbes ranks Jackson as the dead celebrity with earnings of $825 million in 2016. Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29,1958 and his mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovahs Witness. She played clarinet and piano and once aspired to be a country-and-western performer, michaels father, Joseph Walter Joe Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U. S. Steel
16.
Randy Jackson (The Jacksons)
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Steven Randall Jackson, better known by his nickname and stage name Randy Jackson, is an American singer-songwriter, musician and dancer. Jackson is best known as a member of his family band. Jackson was the youngest son and the second youngest Jackson sibling before his sister Janet Jackson was born, Randy was born in Gary, Indiana to Joseph Jackson and Katherine Jackson. Nicknamed Little Randy, Jackson is the child of the Jackson family. Jackson was only three years old when the Jackson 5 was formed and therefore was not an original member, while his brothers toured, Jackson honed his skills as a musician, mastering piano and the bongos Randy first officially appeared live with his brothers at the end of 1971. The event was a Christmas show the Jackson 5 held for blind children, the Jackson 5 officially changed their name to The Jacksons when they signed with Epic due in part to the fact Motown owned the name The Jackson 5. At the age of 16, he co-wrote The Jacksons most successful single on Epic and he is widely thought of as the most talented instrumentalist of the Jackson brothers, playing congas, percussion, drums, keyboards, piano, bass, guitar and assorted other instruments. In addition to singing and playing on the Jacksons recordings, he worked with Michael on his Off the Wall album, Jackson was able to fully participate in the Jacksons 1981 Triumph Tour and in the bands later projects. After the record-setting Victory Tour in 1984, Michael and Marlon left the band, Randy and his remaining three brothers later made one last album. He was part of the Jacksons 2001 reunion at Madison Square Garden, however, he did contribute backing vocals with Jackie, Tito and Jermaine for Michaels This Is It. After recording the 2300 Jackson Street album, the group disbanded and focused on projects in 1990. After this split, Jackson formed his own band, Randy & the Gypsys, the group only released one album before breaking up. On June 28,1998, Jackson opened up his own record label Modern Records, on February 4,1980, Jackson was seriously injured in a car crash in Hollywood, California. In June 1980, Jackson appeared on the cover of the weekly African-American newsmagazine Jet, the cover headline read, Randy Jackson Walks Again, Talks About His Future. In 1986, Jackson met Alejandra Oaziaza and they dated for years but never married. Jackson and Oaziaza have three children together, Genevieve Jackson, Donte and Steven Randall Jackson Jr. Alejandra married and later divorced Randys older brother, later, Jackson married Eliza Shaffel in August 1989, later divorcing in January 1992. Jackson and Shaffel have one child together, Stevanna Jackson
17.
The Supremes
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The Supremes were an American female singing group and the premier act of Motown Records during the 1960s. Most of these hits were written and produced by Motowns main songwriting and production team, founding members Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, Diana Ross, and Betty McGlown, all from the Brewster-Douglass public housing project in Detroit, formed the Primettes as the sister act to the Primes. Barbara Martin replaced McGlown in 1960, and the signed with Motown the following year as the Supremes. Martin left the act in early 1962, and Ross, Ballard, during the mid-1960s, the Supremes achieved mainstream success with Ross as lead singer. In 1967, Motown president Berry Gordy renamed the group Diana Ross & the Supremes, Ross left to pursue a solo career in 1970 and was replaced by Jean Terrell, at which point the groups name reverted to the Supremes. After 1972, the lineup changed frequently, Lynda Laurence, Scherrie Payne. The Supremes disbanded in 1977 after 18 years, since Ballard sang, as did Paul Williams girlfriend Betty McGlown, the Primess manager Milton Jenkins decided to create a sister group to the Primes called the Primettes. Ballard recruited her best friend Mary Wilson, who in turn recruited classmate Diane Ross, mentored and funded by Jenkins, the Primettes began by performing hit songs by artists such as Ray Charles and the Drifters at sock hops, social clubs and talent shows around the Detroit area. Receiving additional guidance from group friend and established songwriter Jesse Greer, after winning a prestigious local talent contest, the Primettes sights were set on making a record. Robinson liked the girls and agreed to help, but he liked their guitarist even more, with the Primettes permission he hired Tarplin, who became the guitarist for the Miracles. Undaunted, later that year the Primettes recorded a single for Lu Pine Records, a label created just for them, titled Tears of Sorrow, the single failed to find an audience, however. Shortly thereafter, McGlown became engaged and left the group, local girl Barbara Martin was McGlowns prompt replacement. Determined to leave an impression on Gordy and join the stable of rising Motown stars, eventually, they convinced Gordy to allow them to contribute hand claps and background vocals for the songs of other Motown artists including Marvin Gaye and Mary Wells. In January 1961, Gordy finally relented and agreed to sign the girls to his label –, the Primes had by this time combined with Otis Williams & the Distants and would soon sign to Motown as the Temptations. Gordy gave Ballard a list of names to choose from that included such as the Darleens, the Sweet Ps, the Melodees, the Royaltones. Ballard chose the Supremes, a name that Ross initially disliked as she felt it too masculine, nevertheless, on January 15 the group signed with Motown as the Supremes. In the spring of 1962, Martin left the group to start a family, thus, the newly named Supremes continued as a trio. Between 1961 and 1963, the Supremes released six singles, none of which charted in the Top 40 positions of the Billboard Hot 100, jokingly referred to as the no-hit Supremes around Motowns Hitsville U. S. A
18.
Four Tops
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The Four Tops are an American vocal quartet from Detroit, Michigan who helped to define the citys Motown sound of the 1960s. The groups repertoire has included music, R&B, disco, adult contemporary, doo-wop, jazz. They were notable for having Stubbs, a baritone, as their singer, whereas most male. The group was the male vocal group for the highly successful songwriting and production team of Holland–Dozier–Holland. These included two Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits for the Tops, I Cant Help Myself in 1965, after Holland-Dozier-Holland left Motown in 1967, the Four Tops were assigned to a number of producers, primarily Frank Wilson, but generally with less success. When Motown left Detroit in 1972 to move to Los Angeles, California, in the 1980s, the Four Tops recorded for Casablanca Records, Arista Records and Motown, returning to that label on two occasions for brief stays. Apart from their album Indestructible, Universal Music Group controls the rights to their entire catalog and also their 1956 single. A change of lineup was forced on the group when Lawrence Payton died on June 20,1997, the group initially continued as a three-piece under the name the Tops, before Theo Peoples was recruited as the new fourth member. Peoples eventually took over the role of lead singer when Stubbs suffered a stroke in 2000, on July 1,2005, Benson died of lung cancer. Paytons son Roquel Payton replaced him, Levi Stubbs died on October 17,2008. Fakir, McNeir, Roquel Payton, and Harold Spike Bonhart, Fakir is the only surviving founding member of the group. All four members of the began their careers together while they were high-school students in Detroit. At the insistence of their friends, Pershing High students Levi Stubbs and Abdul Duke Fakir performed with Renaldo Obie Benson, the quartet decided to remain together and named the group the Four Aims. With the help of Paytons songwriter cousin Roquel Davis, the Aims signed to Chess Records in 1956, over the next seven years, the Tops had unsuccessful tenures at Chess, Red Top, Riverside Records and Columbia Records. Without any hit records to their name, they toured frequently, developing a stage presence. In 1963, Berry Gordy, Jr. who had worked with Roquel Davis as a songwriter in the late 1950s, during their early Motown years, the Four Tops recorded jazz standards for the companys Workshop label. In addition, they sang backup on Motown singles by the Supremes, Martha, in 1964, Motowns main songwriting and production team, Holland–Dozier–Holland, created a complete instrumental track without any idea of what to do with it. They decided to craft the song as a mainstream pop song for the Four Tops
19.
The Temptations
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The Temptations are an American vocal group known for their success with Motown Records during the 1960s and 1970s. Known for their choreography, distinct harmonies, and flashy wardrobe, having sold tens of millions of albums, the Temptations are one of the most successful groups in music history. As of 2015, the Temptations continue to perform with one member, Otis Williams. Featuring five male vocalists and dancers, the formed in 1960 in Detroit. In 1964, Bryant was replaced by David Ruffin, who was the lead vocalist on a number of the groups biggest hits, including My Girl, Aint Too Proud to Beg, and I Wish It Would Rain. Ruffin was replaced in 1968 by Dennis Edwards, with whom the group continued to record hit records such as Cloud Nine, the groups lineup has changed frequently since the departures of Kendricks and Paul Williams from the act in 1971. Over the course of their career, the Temptations have released four Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles and fourteen R&B number-one singles, and their material has earned them three Grammy Awards. The Temptations were the first Motown recording act to win a Grammy Award - for Cloud Nine in 1969 -, six of the Temptations were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989. Three classic Temptations songs, My Girl, Just My Imagination, the Temptations were also ranked at number 68 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Artists of all time. Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams started singing together in church as children, by their teenage years, they formed a doo-wop quartet in 1955 with Kell Osborne and Wiley Waller, naming themselves the Cavaliers. After Waller left the group in 1957, the trio left Birmingham to break into the music business. The group settled in Detroit where they changed their name to the Primes under the direction of Milton Jenkins, the Primes soon became well known around the Detroit area for their meticulous performances. Jenkins later created a group, The Primettes, later known as the Supremes. Kendricks was already seen as an idol in the Detroit area while Williams was well received for his baritone vocals. Texas teenager Otis Williams moved to Detroit as a youngster to be with his mother, by 1958, Williams was the leader of a vocal group named Otis Williams and the Siberians. The group included Elbridge Al Bryant, James Pee-Wee Crawford, Vernard Plain, the group recorded a song, Pecos Kid for a label run by radio deejay Senator Bristol Bryant. Shortly after its release, the changed its name to The El Domingoes. Following this, Montgomery native Melvin Franklin replaced Arthur Walton as bass vocalist and Franklins cousin, Detroit-born Richard Street, signing with Johnnie Mae Matthews Northern Records, the group had their name changed again to The Distants
20.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
21.
I Want You Back
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I Want You Back is a 1969 song by the Jackson 5 which became a number-one hit for the band and the Motown label in early 1970. The song, along with a B-side cover of Whos Lovin You by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, was the single used in the Jackson 5s first album. It went to one on the Soul singles chart for four weeks. I Want You Back was ranked 121st on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, an unusual aspect about I Want You Back was that its main lead vocal was performed by a tween, Michael Jackson. S. A. in Detroit, Michigan. Although Gladys Knight had been the first to mention the Jacksons to Berry Gordy, and Bobby Taylor brought the Jackson brothers to Motown, Motown credited Diana Ross with discovering them. This was done not only to promote the Jackson 5, but also to help ease Ross transition into a solo career. The Jackson 5 performed I Want You Back during all of their world tours and they also performed the song on American Bandstand and the Andy Williams Show. Michael Jackson performed the song as part of the Jackson 5 Medley during all of his world tours - the Bad World Tour, the Dangerous World Tour and the HIStory World Tour. The song was to be performed at Jacksons This Is It comeback concerts in London, the song was performed live at the Michael Jackson, 30th Anniversary Special in 2001, in which Jackson reunited with his brothers on stage for the first time since 1984. It has sold six million copies worldwide, in 1999, I Want You Back was also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. I Want You Back ranks number 121 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and it also ranks ninth on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Greatest Pop Songs since 1963. In 2006, Pitchfork Media named it the second best song of the 1960s, a June 2009 article by The Daily Telegraph called it arguably the greatest pop record of all time. Digital Spy called the one of the most enduring pop singles of the sixties. The single has been awarded Silver certification on August 22,2014 by the British Phonographic Industry Association
22.
ABC (The Jackson 5 song)
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ABC is a 1970 number-one hit by the Jackson 5. First aired on American Bandstand on the ABC network) on February 21,1970 and it was released on February 24. ABC knocked The Beatles Let It Be off the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in 1970, Written with a similar structure and feel as the Jacksons first hit of 1970, I Want You Back. ABC was performed on television on American Bandstand, The Ed Sullivan Show, ABC is considered one of the bands signature songs. It is one of the shortest titles to hit #1, and is the first alphabetically in a list of #1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100. 50 Cent told NME that the song was the first he remembered hearing, Ive always loved MJ, so I guess it was probably a place to start music, right here. On 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, walker, Louis Shelton and Don Peake Keyboards by Freddie Perren Written and produced by The Corporation, Berry Gordy, Jr
23.
The Love You Save
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The Love You Save is a 1970 number-one hit single recorded by The Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It held the spot on the soul singles chart for six weeks. The song is the third of four Jackson 5 number ones released in a row, Billboard ranked the record as the No.16 song of 1970, one slot behind the Jackson 5s ABC. The Love You Save features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final Stop, the love you save may be your own, beside Marlon and Tito. The songs lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a fast girl to slow down, because the love you save may be your own. The opening exclamation, Stop. and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by The Supremes. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L. A, the Love You Save was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC, and the Jackson 5s first two singles immediately succeeded The Beatles last two singles. When Alexander called you He said he rang your chimes, christopher discovered Youre way ahead of your times. Hanson performed the song on their 1995 demo album Boomerang with Taylor Hanson on lead vocals, the Life You Save May Be Your Own
24.
I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)
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Ill Be There is a soul song written by Berry Gordy, Hal Davis, Bob West, and Willie Hutch. The song was recorded by The Jackson 5 and released by Motown Records on August 28,1970 as the first single from their Third Album on the same date. Produced by the songwriters, Ill Be There was The Jackson 5s fourth number one hit in a row, Ill Be There is also notable as the most successful single released by Motown during its Detroit era. The Mariah Carey and Trey Lorenz cover was recorded during Careys appearance on MTV Unplugged in 1992, co-produced by Carey and Walter Afanasieff, Ill Be There became Careys sixth number one single in the U. S. and her biggest hit elsewhere at the time. After three upbeat bubblegum soul number one singles from the Jackson 5, Motown head Berry Gordy decided to take a risk and craft a ballad for the group. For this song, he brought in songwriters Hal Davis, Willie Hutch, and Bob West, as opposed to working with the rest of The Corporation, who had crafted the first three hits. He promises that hell always be there to comfort you, Jackson 5 lead singers Michael Jackson and his older brother Jermaine share the lead vocals on this song. Michaels ad-libbed just look over your shoulders, honey is an allusion to Reach Out Ill Be There and he was instructed by Gordy to say just look over your shoulder, but the slightly flubbed line was allowed to remain in the final mix. In his autobiography Moon Walk, Michael Jackson noted that Ill Be There was the song that solidified The Jackson 5s careers and showed audiences that the group had potential beyond bubblegum pop. Said Allmusic about the song, Rarely, if ever, had one so young sung with so much authority and grace, investing this achingly tender ballad with wisdom and understanding far beyond his years. The most successful single released by the Jackson 5, Ill Be There sold 4.2 million copies in the United States. I Heard It Through the Grapevine remained Motowns biggest-selling record with sales of over seven million copies. Ill Be There was also a one hit on the Billboard Black Singles Chart for six weeks. The singles B-side was One More Chance, a song from their second album, Ill Be There was the Jackson 5s final number one Hot 100 hit as a group. For the rest of their career as an act, Jackson 5 singles would climb no higher than number 2. Michael Jackson scored numerous number one hits as a solo artist, Ill Be There was one of the songs used in the showcase for Grease, Youre the One that I Want. Andy Williams released a version in 1971 on his album, Youve Got a Friend, kings Stand by Me, then back into Shout. The song was performed in the Jackson 5 medley during all of Michaels tours, The Bad, Dangerous, the song was performed by Michael Jackson in the 2009 film Michael Jacksons This Is It
25.
Never Can Say Goodbye
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Never Can Say Goodbye is a song written by Clifton Davis and originally recorded by The Jackson 5. The song was written and intended for the Supremes to record. Released as a single in 1971, it was one of the groups most successful songs, the song has been covered numerous times, most notably in 1974 by disco diva Gloria Gaynor and in 1987 by British pop group The Communards. The recording features 12-year-old Michael Jackson singing a song about a love. In the United Kingdom, it reached #33 on the UK Singles Chart, an alternate version appears on the Jackson 5 CD I Want You Back. The song was performed on the Flip Wilson Show, The Jackson 5 Show, TUPI, One More Time, Johnny Carson Show, Cher Show and The Jacksons TV Series. A second major version, reimagined as a record by Gloria Gaynor in 1974, was a number-nine hit on the U. S. Pop Singles chart and went to number thirty-four on the Soul Singles chart, the Gloria Gaynor version became one of the defining recordings of the disco era. Indeed, her version peaked at #2 in the UK during January 1975, Gaynors cover, released on MGM records, was produced by the Disco Corporation of America, a production company newly formed by Meco Monardo and Tony Bongiovi to which Gaynor was signed. Also working on production were Jay Ellis and Harold Wheeler. Never Can Say Goodbye was also the title of Gaynors debut album on which the single appeared, the Newark, New Jersey, native has re-recorded the song on more than one occasion, in increasingly Hi-NRG tempos, and subsequent remixes have hit the dance charts. Gaynors version of the song was heard on the TV series Charmed, in 1987, British band The Communards had a hit with a Hi-NRG cover of the Clifton Davis classic, which was featured on their second album, Red. Their version reached number four in the UK Singles Chart, number 51 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100, the group had reached number one on those charts covering another 1970s classic, Dont Leave Me This Way, in 1986. The Communards version was featured in the episode Fathers Day. It also could be heard in the episode of Whites, featuring a dance number by Stephen Wight. A music video was commissioned for this version of the song, the song was covered by a number of artists, including Isaac Hayes, Grant Green, Andy Williams, Junior Walker, The Supremes, Smokey Robinson, Cal Tjader, David T. Isaac Hayes first recorded the song for his 1971 album Black Moses, released as a single, this version reached #5 on the Billboard R&B chart, #19 on the Easy Listening chart, and #22 on the Hot 100. Hayes re-recorded the tune for the soundtrack of the 2008 film Soul Men, in which he appears alongside Samuel L. Jackson, the films producers dedicated the 2008 version to both Mac and Hayes, who both died before the project was released
26.
Dancing Machine
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Dancing Machine is a song recorded by American R&B outfit The Jackson 5, released as a single in 1974. The groups first US Top Ten hit since 1971s Sugar Daddy, Dancing Machine hit #1 in Cash Box, in addition, it hit #1 on the R&B charts. Billboard ranked it as the No.5 song for 1974 and it brought The Jackson 5 their second Grammy Award nomination in 1975 for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, losing to Rufus and Chaka Khans Tell Me Something Good. The song, which sold over three million copies, popularized the physically complicated Robot dance technique, devised by Charles Washington in the late 1960s. Michael Jackson first performed the dance on television while singing Dancing Machine with the Jackson 5 on an episode of Soul Train, Dancing Machine, originally recorded for the groups 1973 album G. I. T. Get It Together, was also the track of their 1974 album Dancing Machine released in 1974 as a remix for a response to the success of the single. The song was most notably sampled by MC Hammer, on his 1990 album Please Hammer, Dancing Machine was covered by Suburban Legends on their Japan-only EP, Dance Like Nobodys Watching, Tokyo Nights. An alternate longer version appears on the I Want You Back, unreleased Masters compilation released in 2009. A remix by Polow da Don was featured in a commercial for Svedka, in D-TV Disney, it was set to the Dance of the Hours segment from Fantasia. Paula Abdul covered the song in 1997 as an unreleased demo, roni Griffith covered the song in 1984. Justin Timberlake interpolated part of the song for his 2013 album The 20/20 Experience -2 of 2 for the song Murder. Lead vocals by Michael Jackson and Jermaine Jackson Background vocals by Michael Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Tito Jackson, Jackie Jackson, Marlon Jackson, instrumentation by assorted Los Angeles musicians including James Gadson and Charles Wright
27.
Destiny (The Jacksons album)
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Destiny is the fifteenth studio album released by American band The Jacksons recorded at Dawnbreaker Studios – San Fernando, California. It was released in 1978 on Epic Records, the album would eventually sell over four million copies worldwide, two million in America during its initial run and another two million worldwide. The album marked the first time in the career in which they had total artistic control. The band had left their longtime label Motown in 1975 with the exception of brother Jermaine Jackson who had stayed with Motown after he married Berry Gordys daughter, Hazel Gordy. After a couple of years of being with Philly International, the Jacksons set their sights on one of CBS Records most popular labels, composing much of the album in their home-made recording studio in their gated Hayvenhurst mansion, the group finished recording the album within two months. It was the Jacksons version, however, that was the successful and is consequently the best-known rendition of the song. Released on December 17,1978, Destiny re-established them as a top-selling group, the single, Blame It on the Boogie, was released in October 1978 as the advance single from the album. The albums success was based on the second single released from the album, Shake Your Body. The accompanying tour was a success running on many legs. Of all the family, the peacock is the only bird that integrates all colors into one. We, like the peacock, try to integrate all races into one through the love of music, both unreleased tracks were mixed by John Luongo
28.
Triumph (The Jacksons album)
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Triumph is the sixteenth studio album by The Jacksons, released in 1980 on Epic Records. It was certified platinum in the U. S. and peaked at #10 on the Billboard 200, the Triumph album sold three million copies in its original run. Hit singles from the album were Lovely One, Heartbreak Hotel, Triumph was the Jacksons first album to reach number-one on the Billboard R&B Albums chart since Maybe Tomorrow in 1971. The album sold two million copies worldwide, and the Jacksons did not release another studio LP for four years after Triumphs release. On December 10,1980, the album was certified Platinum for the sales of over 1 million copies in the United States. Triumph, with three tracks of rare 7-inch and 12-inch mixes previously unavailable on CD, was re-released on January 27,2009 on Epic/Legacy. David Williams, Greg Poree – guitar Ollie E
29.
Enjoy Yourself (The Jacksons song)
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Enjoy Yourself is a song recorded by The Jacksons and released as a single in 1976 and peaking in early 1977. Featuring Michael and Jackie Jackson on lead vocals, it was the first non-Motown single for the group since they departed from the label earlier that year, the song peaked at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on February 19,1977. On other US charts, Enjoy Yourself peaked at #2 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, on February 14,1989, it became the groups first single to be certified Platinum by the RIAA. It was also the groups first song to new member Randy Jackson. It also featured backing vocals from sisters Janet and La Toya, the song is sampled on the track Lets Have a Party by the Backstreet Boys, which appears on their 1996 self-titled debut album. The song is credited to Philadelphia songwriters/producers Gamble and Huff, however, tindall wrote the riff that was the initial spark for the song. A music video was produced to promote the single, for this was the Jacksons very first video and it features the five brothers wearing white suits and dancing on a stage. It was released on DVD for the disc of Michael Jacksons Vision
30.
Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)
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Shake Your Body is a song recorded by The Jacksons for their 1978 album Destiny, and released as a single in 1979. It peaked at no.7 in the Billboard Hot 100 in May 1979, the most successful of the Jacksons recordings for Epic, Shake Your Body was produced by the Jackson brothers, written by Randy and Michael, and featured Michael on lead vocals. Released to radio in an edit of three minutes and forty-five seconds, the single reached no.3 in Cash Box magazine. It also peaked at no.3 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart, the ensuing 12 Disco Single Remix featured a more focused drum and rhythm track, as well as the new synthesizer-voiced three octave climbing glissando that was not heard on the album version. Shake Your Body sold over two copies, attaining double-platinum status from the Recording Industry Association of America. The B-side on the 7 was Thats What You Get, the first performance of Shake Your Body was on the second leg of The Jacksons Destiny Tour in 1979. Later, it was performed on the Triumph Tour in 1981, in 1984 it was performed on the Victory Tour. In 1987, it was performed on the first leg of Jacksons Bad Tour, the song was going to be performed as an instrumental interlude during Jacksons 2009-2010 This Is It concert series at Londons O2 Arena, which was cancelled due to his sudden death. The song was remixed and released on the edition of the Michael Jacksons Immortal album. It was also sampled by rapper Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock on their song Get on the Dance Floor
31.
Can You Feel It (The Jacksons song)
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Can You Feel It is a recording by American group The Jacksons, recorded in March 1980 and released as the third single from their album Triumph. Written by brothers Michael and Jackie, the featured solo leads by Randy. Released as a single in 1981, the song reached #77 on the pop charts and number thirty on the R&B charts in United States, Michael created the videos concept, and Titos sons Taj and Taryll appeared as extras. In 2001, it was voted one of the 100 best videos of all time, the title was also used for a 2009 greatest hits compilation. The video was featured on the disc of the box set. A part of the song was remixed and used for the Michael Jackson remix album Immortal, in the remix Immortal Megamix,1982, A cover version of the song was featured in the closing scene of Tomorrows Farewell, an early episode of the NBC musical-drama television series Fame. 1998, The single was sampled by Tamperer featuring Maya for their dance hit Feel It,1998, The song is also sampled in the Teddy Riley produced hip hop track Feel It by Charli Baltimore. 1999, In 1999 and 2000 the Southern University Marching Band popularized the song among the marching band world,1999, The songs instrumental is sampled on Steps album Steptacular in the song My Best Friends Girl. 1999, The song is sampled on Blackstreets album Finally in the first song of the album, Intro/Can You Feel Me 2002, The song is used in the film Drumline,2003, French house group King of House remixed the song. In 2007 the University of Nebraska football team adopted this version for use in pre-kickoff ceremonies,2005, Swedish artist September used the riff in her single Satellites. 2007, It was interpolated in the song Carry Feelings by South Rakkas Crew and T. O. K
32.
Victory (The Jacksons album)
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Victory is the seventeenth studio album by The Jacksons. It was released on July 2,1984 by Epic Records, the album was the first and only album to include all six Jackson brothers together as an official group, also, it was the last album entirely recorded with lead singer Michael Jackson. The album sold seven million copies worldwide, opening at number four on the US Billboard 200. On July 17,1984, the album was certified Gold by the BPI for the sales of at least 100.000 copies in the United Kingdom. On October 30,1984, the album was certified 2× Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 2 million copies in the United States. Victory was supported by the Victory Tour, with lead singer Michael Jackson, shortly after the tour ended, Michael and Marlon Jackson quit the group. Jermaine, Tito, Randy and Jackie Jackson continued on as the Jacksons, after a successful reunion on the Motown 25 television special in 1983, Jermaine Jackson decided to return to the group, having left Motown after nine years as a full-fledged soloist. Each brother had a song on the album, Michael on Be Not Always, Randy on “One More Chance” and “The Hurt, Tito on “We Can Change the World, Jackie on “Wait. He also performs ad-libs on Wait and is named as a background vocalist on One More Chance. Torture was originally planned to be a duet between Michael and Jackie, but when Jermaine officially re-joined the group, he took over the intended for Jackie. The album only had two videos—for the songs Torture and Body—and neither Jermaine nor Michael appeared in either one, a wax dummy of Michael acted as a stand in for the Torture video. Michael recorded State of Shock, a duet recorded with Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury. The duo were unable to finish the track, so Michael ended up recording a version of the track with Rolling Stones lead singer Mick Jagger for the album. Tensions reportedly grew between the brothers during the sessions and as a result, minimal publicity photography was done. The album cover art was commissioned from famed illustrator Michael Whelan, on the first release of the record there was a white dove on Randys shoulder. On later issues the bird was removed, the second single, Torture, reached #17, and Body, the third single, became a moderate hit peaking at #47. The album debuted at #4 on the Billboard 200 in the week of August 4,1984, a remastered version was released in July 2009 in Japan only, with cardboard sleeve packaging. It was part of a six-album The Jacksons cardboard sleeve reissue series, featuring the albums The Jacksons, Goin Places, Destiny, Triumph, The Jacksons Live. and Victory
33.
Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour)
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The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by Michael Jackson and The Jackson family between July and December 1984. It was the first and only tour with all six Jackson brothers, the group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million. Most came to see Michael, whose album Thriller was dominating the music world at the time. Many consider it to be his Thriller tour, with most of the songs on the set list coming off of his Off the Wall album, the tour reportedly grossed approximately $75 million and set a new record for the highest grossing tour. It showcased Michaels single decorated glove, black sequined jacket and moonwalk, despite its focus on Michael, it was named after the newly released Jacksons album Victory although none of the albums songs were performed. Marlon confirmed this was because Michael refused to rehearse or perform them, in fact, he had reluctantly joined his brothers. The Jacksons did make money from the tour, along with promoter Don King, in November 1983, The Jacksons announced plans for a major tour in 1984 at a press conference, with boxing promoter Don King offering $3 million in upfront advances. That spring, the Victory album was recorded, to be released shortly before the tour itself. J, martell Foundation for Leukemia and Cancer Research. At the time the tour was announced, the Jacksons had not lined up a promoter for the shows. At a meeting, Frank DiLeo, a president at Epic Records. The deal was very generous to the Jacksons and that percentage was at least 25 points above what was at that time the industry standard for artists on tour. Sullivan also guaranteed the Jacksons a $36.6 million advance and he put the stadium up as collateral for a $12.5 million loan to pay the first installment shortly before the tour started. The balance was due two weeks later, the month after winning the tour bid, Sullivan approached stadium managers at the NFLs meetings, many of whom were there to bid for future Super Bowls. He sought changes to their arrangements with touring performers in order to make the Victory Tour more profitable. Kansas Citys Arrowhead Stadium, home of the Chiefs, agreed to only a $100,000 fee for the three opening concerts instead of its usual percentage of ticket sales and concessions. The Gator Bowl in Jacksonville, Florida, provided half a million dollars worth of free goods. Ultimately,26 of the 55 dates were played in 17 stadiums that were home to NFL teams, but some others balked at Sullivans demands. To use John F. Kennedy Stadium, he asked the city of Philadelphia for almost $400,000 in tax breaks, among them were free hotel rooms and suites for all tour workers, free use of the stadium and waiver of concession revenue
34.
2300 Jackson Street
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2300 Jackson Street is the eighteenth and final studio album by American group The Jacksons, and their final album for record label Epic, released in the United States on May 28,1989. This is the groups first album without lead singer Michael Jackson and their final album debuted at #59 on the Billboard 200 and at #14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, and would sell over half a million copies worldwide. For most of this album, The Jacksons consisted of Jermaine, Jackie, Randy, despite having left the group after the Victory Tour, Michael Jackson and Marlon Jackson made appearances on 2300 Jackson Street. Rebbie and Janet also sang on the track, middle sister La Toya was, at the time of this album, estranged from the family. The Jacksons co-produced four tracks with Attala Zane Giles, three songs were produced by Michael Omartian, while Maria was produced by Jermaine Jackson and it features the harmonica solo by Lee Oskar from War. The albums title and cover photograph represent the Jacksons boyhood home in Gary,2300 Jackson Street received some notice in R&B venues, but was largely ignored by pop audiences. Despite some promotion in the European market, the Jacksons did not tour to support the album, the group disbanded in early 1990, with Jermaine and Jackie returning to their solo careers. Randy formed his own group, Randy and The Gypsys, experiencing success with their self-titled album that year. Tracks 1,4 and 11 arranged and produced by Michael Omartian, track 1 recorded by David Ahlers, assisted by Pee Wee Jackson. Track 4 recorded by David Ahlers, Mike Couzzi and Mark Richman, assisted by Pee Wee Jackson, both tracks mixed by Keith Cohen. Track 2 arranged, produced and mixed by L. A. recorded by Jon Gass, assisted by Donnell Sullivan. Track 3 arranged and produced by Jermaine Jackson, mixed by Jermaine Jackson, Susan Rogers and Keith Cohen. Track 5 arranged by Teddy Riley and The Jacksons, produced by Teddy Riley, The Jacksons and Gene Griffin. Recorded by Dennis Mitchell, Jeff Lorenson, Larry Fergusson, David Ahlers and Marlon Jackson, mixed by Keith Cohen and Larry Fergusson. Tracks 6 and 8–10 arranged and produced by The Jacksons and Attala Zane Giles, recorded by Susan Rogers, David Ahlers, Robert Brown Official video
35.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
36.
Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration
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The Michael Jackson, 30th Anniversary Celebration was a 2001 New York City revue show by Michael Jackson. It took place on September 7,2001 and September 10,2001, in late November 2001, the CBS television network aired the concerts as a two-hour special in honor of Michael Jacksons thirtieth year as a solo entertainer. The show was edited from footage of two separate concerts Michael had orchestrated in New York Citys Madison Square Garden on September 7, the shows sold out in five hours. Ticket prices were pops most expensive ever, the best seats cost $10,000 and included a dinner with Michael Jackson, the show was choreographed by Glenn Douglas Packard & Brian Thomas, they were nominated for a Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography. The show was presented by David Gest, World Events LLC and Clear Channel Entertainment in conjunction with American Airlines, American Eagle, Jackson reportedly earned $7.5 million for each of the two concerts. The concert official Boxscore was $10,072,105 for both concerts, to some fans, Jackson appeared more disoriented in the first concert as he only did one short moonwalk and improvised the ending of the Billie Jean performance. To explain Jacksons disoriented appearance, David Gest claimed in his film Michael Jackson, however, Jackson himself stated that he did not rehearse for the first concert. In Jermaines book You Are Not Alone, Michael Through a Brothers Eyes, Jermaine Jackson stated that Michael was taking Demerol, Choreographer Choreographer and dancer, Glenn Douglas Packard Choreographer and dancer Brian Thomas
37.
Death of Michael Jackson
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On June 25,2009, Michael Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication at his home on North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles. His personal physician, Conrad Murray, said he had found Jackson in his room, not breathing and with a detectable pulse. After a call was placed to 9-1-1 at 12,21 p. m. local time, on the eve of Jacksons 51st birthday, the Los Angeles County Coroner concluded that his death was a homicide. Shortly before his death, Jackson had reportedly been administered propofol and his personal physician was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in 2011 and served a two-year prison sentence. Jackson had also intended to perform a series of concerts to over one million people at Londons O2 Arena from July 2009 to March 2010. A public memorial service for Jackson was held on July 7,2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, the service was broadcast live around the world, attracting a global audience of up to one billion people. Jacksons death is ranked No.1 on VH1/VH1 Classics list of 100 Most Shocking Moments in Music, Jackson arrived for rehearsal at Staples Center around 6,30 p. m. on Wednesday, June 24, according to Ed Alonzo, a magician who was there. The singer jokingly complained of laryngitis and did not rehearse until 9 p. m and he looked great and had great energy, Alonzo added. The next morning, Jackson did not come out of his bedroom, according to the attorney of Conrad Murray, Jacksons personal physician, Murray entered the room that afternoon and found Jackson in bed and not breathing. Jackson had a pulse, and his body was still warm. Murray tried to revive Jackson for five to 10 minutes, at which point he realized he needed to call for help, Murray stated that he was hindered because there was no landline in the house. Murray also stated that he could not use his phone to call 911 because he did not know the exact address. Murray stated that he also phoned security, but did not get any answer, finally, Murray ran downstairs, yelled for help, and told a chef to bring security up to the room. By the time security called 911, Murrays lawyer stated that at least 30 minutes had passed, statements described Murray as someone using a non-standard CPR technique on Jackson. The doctors attorney said that Murray placed one hand underneath Jackson and used the hand for chest compression. A Los Angeles Fire Department spokesperson said the 911 call came in at 12,21,04 p. m. PDT, paramedics reached Jackson at 12,26 p. m. and found that he still was not breathing. Paramedics performed CPR for 42 minutes at the house, Murrays attorney stated that Jackson had a pulse when he was taken out of the house and put in the ambulance. An LAFD official gave a different account, stating that paramedics found Jackson in full cardiac arrest, LAFD transported Jackson to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
38.
Chicago metropolitan area
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The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs. With an estimated population of 9.4 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States, Chicagoland is the area that is closely linked to the city through geographic, social, economic, and cultural ties. The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world’s largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees, the region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500. The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and it comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana. As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, the Chicago MSA, now defined as the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the third largest MSA by population in the United States. The 2015 census estimate for the MSA was 9,427,676 and this loss of population has been attributed to taxes, political issues, and other factors. A breakdown of the 2009 estimated populations of the three Metropolitan Divisions of the MSA are as follows, The OMB also defines a larger region as a Combined Statistical Area. The Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI Combined Statistical Area combines the areas of Chicago, Michigan City. This area represents the extent of the market pool for the entire region. The CSA has a population of 9,928,312, the Chicago urban agglomeration, according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report, lists a population of 9,545,000. The term “urban agglomeration” refers to the contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban density levels. It usually incorporates the population in a city plus that in the surrounding area, Chicagoland is an informal name for the Chicago metropolitan area. The term Chicagoland has no definition, and the region is often considered to include areas beyond the corresponding MSA. Colonel Robert R. McCormick, editor and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, mcCormicks conception of Chicagoland stretched all the way to nearby parts of four states. The first usage was in the Tribunes July 27,1926 front page headline, Chicagolands Shrines, A Tour of Discoveries and he stated that Chicagoland comprised everything in a 200-mile radius in every direction and reported on many different places in the area. The Tribune was the dominant newspaper in a vast area stretching to the west of the city, today, the Chicago Tribunes usage includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby Illinois counties, and the two Indiana counties of Lake and Porter. Illinois Department of Tourism literature uses Chicagoland for suburbs in Cook, Lake, DuPage, Kane, the Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties. For example, many residents who live in some of the more distant satellite counties nonetheless refer to themselves as being from Chicago or Chicagoans
39.
Joe Jackson (manager)
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Joseph Walter Joe Jackson is a talent manager and is the patriarch of the Jackson family of entertainers which includes the artists Janet Jackson and Michael Jackson. Jackson was the eldest of five children, which included brothers Lawrence and Luther and sisters Lula Mae, Jackson is of African and distant Native American ancestry. Joe Jackson recalled from childhood that his father was domineering and strict. When he was 18, after his father remarried, he moved to East Chicago to live with his mother and he soon got a job in East Chicago at Inland Steel Company, but did not finish high school. While in East Chicago, he began to pursue his dreams of becoming a boxer, Joseph and Katherine were married on November 5,1949. In January 1950, they purchased a small two-bedroom home next to East Chicago in Gary, the Jacksons first child, Maureen Reillette Rebbie Jackson, was born four months later on May 29,1950, in the Jackson house. In the meantime, his wife Katherine tended to their growing family, the Jacksons would go on to have ten children. During the early 1950s, Jackson briefly performed with his own blues band The Falcons, despite their efforts, The Falcons did not get a recording deal and subsequently broke up after one of their members, Thornton Pookie Hudson, founded his own band in 1952. That band would go on to become a successful doo-wop group named The Spaniels, Jackson began working with his sons musical group in the early 1960s, first working with his three eldest sons, Jackie, Tito and Jermaine. Younger sons Marlon and Michael eventually joined the backing band, Joseph began enforcing long and intense rehearsals for his sons. At first, the group went under The Jackson Brothers, following the inclusions of Marlon and Michael in the group and Michaels increased vocal presence within the group, their name was changed to the The Jackson Five. On November 21,1967, The Jackson Five were signed by Jackson to their first professional contract with Gordon Keith, an owner and the first president of Steeltown Records in Gary, Indiana. The groups first single Big Boy, with Michael as the singer, was released by Keith on January 31,1968 on the Steeltown label. Big Boy became a hit and Michael and his brothers became local celebrities when. Within the year, Jackson helped to land his sons an audition for Motown Records in Detroit, the Jackson Five were signed with Motown in March 1969. Jackson later relocated his family to California and supervised every recording session the group made for Motown, Joseph had also opened his own record label, Ivory Tower International Records and signed artists under his management in which they toured internationally with The Jackson 5 as opening acts in 1974. In 1978, Josephs youngest son, Randy, released his solo single How Can I Be Sure under Josephs record label, in 1982, Joseph established Janet Jacksons career at age 16 as a recording artist while managing her. He financed the recording of his daughters first demo then, arranged her a contract with A&M Records and began recording her debut album
40.
Conga
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The conga, also known as tumbadora, is a tall, narrow, single-headed drum from Cuba. Congas are staved like barrels and classified three types, quinto, tres dos or tres golpes, and tumba or salidor. Most modern congas have a wooden or fiberglass shell. They are usually played in sets of two to four with the fingers and palms of the hand, typical congas stand approximately 75 centimetres from the bottom of the shell to the head. The drums may be played while seated, alternatively, the drums may be mounted on a rack or stand to permit the player to play while standing. While they originated in Cuba, their incorporation into the popular and folk music of countries has resulted in diversification of terminology for the instruments. In Cuba, congas are called tumbadoras, Conga players are called congueros, while rumberos refers to those who dance following the path of the players. The term conga was popularized in the 1930s, when Latin music swept the United States, Cuban son and New York jazz fused together to create what was then termed mambo, but later became known as salsa. In that same period, the popularity of the Conga Line helped to spread this new term, desi Arnaz also played a role in the popularization of conga drums. However, the drum he played was similar to the type of known as bokú used in his hometown. The word conga came from the rhythm la conga used during carnaval in Cuba, the drums used in carnaval could have been referred to as tambores de conga since they played the rhythm la conga, and thus translated into English as conga drums. There are five basic strokes, Open tone is played with the four fingers near the rim of the head, producing a clear resonant tone with a distinct pitch. Muffled or mute tone, like the tone, is made by striking the drum with the four fingers. Bass tone, played with the palm on the head. It produces a low muted sound, slap tone, the most difficult technique producing a loud clear popping sound. Touch tone, as implied by the name, this tone is produced by just touching the fingers or heel of the palm to the drum head. It is possible to alternate a touch of the palm with a touch of the fingers in a maneuver called heel-toe, the moose call or glissando is done by rubbing the third finger, supported by the thumb, across the head of the drum. The finger is sometimes moistened with saliva or sweat, and sometimes a little coat of beeswax is put on the surface of the head to help make the sound
41.
Tambourine
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The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called zils. Classically the term denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head at all. Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets and they can be mounted, for example on a stand as part of a drum kit, or they can be held in the hands and played by tapping or hitting the instrument. Tambourines come in shapes with the most common being circular. It is found in forms of music, Turkish folk music, Greek folk music, Italian folk music, classical music, Persian music, samba, gospel music, pop music. Tambourines originated in Egypt, where they were known as the kof to the Hebrews, from the Middle Persian word tambūr lute, drum. There are several ways to achieve a tambourine roll, the easiest method is to rapidly rotate the hand holding the tambourine back and forth, pivoting at the wrist. An advanced playing technique is known as the thumb roll, the finger or thumb is moved over the skin or rim of the tambourine, producing a fast roll from the jingles on the instrument. This takes more skill and experience to master, the thumb or middle finger of the hand not holding the tambourine is run around the head of the instrument approximately one centimeter from the rim with some pressure applied. If performed correctly, the thumb should bounce along the head rapidly, usually, the end of the roll is articulated using the heel of the hand or another finger. In the 2000s, the roll may be performed with the use of wax or resin applied to the outside of the drum head. This resin allows the thumb or finger to bounce more rapidly and forcefully across the head producing an even sound, a continuous roll can be achieved by moving the thumb in a figure of 8 pattern around the head. By drummers – Drummers such as Larry Mullen, Jr. of U2 mount a tambourine above the cymbals of their hi-hat stand, tambourines in rock music are most often headless, a ring with jangles but no drum skin. The Rhythm Tech crescent-shaped tambourine and its derivatives are popular, the original Rhythm Tech tambourine is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art. Jack Ashfords distinctive tambourine playing was a dominant part of the section on Motown records. The tambourine was featured in Green Tambourine, a song with which The Lemon Pipers. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was among the earliest western composers to include the tambourine in his compositions, gustav Holsts seven-movement orchestral suite The Planets also features the tambourine in several places throughout the suite, especially in the Jupiter movement. Originated in Galicia or Portugal, the pandeiro was brought to Brazil by the Portuguese settlers and it is a hand percussion instrument consisting of a single tension-headed drum with jingles in the frame
42.
Theodore Roosevelt College and Career Academy
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The school is managed by EdisonLearning and is divided into a senior and collegiate academy for grades 9–12 and a junior academy for grades 7–8. Roosevelt was established in 1908 and named for former U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt in 1921 when it moved to its current location, the school received full accreditation as a high school in 1929 and had its first graduating class in 1930. Under Edison, Roosevelt was reorganized into academies and the received its current name. Athletic teams at Roosevelt are known as the Panthers and the colors are black. Roosevelt is part of the Indiana High School Athletic Association as a member of the Northwestern Conference, the school building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in December 2012. Theodore Roosevelt High School was named after Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth President of the United States, the school was built in 1908 as a one-room building on 12th Avenue and Massachusetts Street. It combined with another institution and moved to Fifteenth and Madison Street, an elementary school was added in 1915 as Garys population grew. Some Froebel students transferred to the new school, the school moved again in 1921, to Twenty-fifth Avenue and Harrison Street, as the Roosevelt Annex. In 1923, the principal, James Stanley, assumed duties at school named Roosevelt while also running the Annex. In 1925, the Annex began offering secondary school courses, McFarlane succeeded Stanley as principal and a year later the school was accredited, graduating its first high school class. Roosevelt was admitted to the North Central Association of Schools and Colleges in 1931, in 1933 McFarlane resigned the principalship of Roosevelt. In August of the year, the high school section of Pulaski was united with Roosevelt, and H. Theo Tatum. Tatum retired in 1961 and was succeeded as principal by Warren Anderson, beginning in the fall of 1970, Robert E. Jones became principal. David Williams served from 1990-1992 as head principal, william Reese, Jr. served as head principal from 1992 until the fall of 1997. Lumpkin, Sr. began his job as principal in 1997. Lumpkin retired from this position on June 30,1999, marion Williams succeeded Lumpkin and served as principal from 1999 to 2005. Charlotte Wright was principal of Roosevelt High School from 2006 to 2012, terrance Little was hired as principal in May 2012, but resigned in February 2013. Roosevelt High School remains the first and only school built exclusively for the African-American community in the city of Gary, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 19,2012
