1.
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
2.
Intramuros
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Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila, Philippines. It is also called the Walled City, and at the time of the Spanish Colonial Period was synonymous to the city of Manila itself and it was the seat of government when the Philippines was a component realm of the Spanish Empire. Districts beyond the walls were referred as the extramuros of Manila, construction of the defensive walls was started by Spanish colonial government in the late 16th century to protect the city from foreign invasions. The 0. 67-square-kilometre walled city was located along the shores of the Manila Bay. Guarding the old city is Fort Santiago, its located at the mouth of the river. Land reclamations during the early 20th-century subsequently obscured the walls and fort from the bay, Intramuros was heavily damaged during the battle to recapture the city from the Japanese Imperial Army during the Second World War. Reconstruction of the walls was started in 1951 when Intramuros was declared a National Historical Monument, the region was invaded around 1485 by Sultan Bolkiah and became a part of the Sultanate of Brunei. The site of Intramuros then became a part of the Islamic Kingdom of Maynila a Bruneian puppet-state ruled by Rajah Sulayman, a Muslim Rajah who swore fealty to the Sultan of Brunei. In 1564, Spanish explorers led by Miguel López de Legazpi sailed from New Spain, having heard of the rich resources in Manila from the natives, Legazpi dispatched two of his lieutenant-commanders, Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo to explore the island of Luzon. The Spaniards arrived on the island of Luzon in 1570, after quarrels and misunderstandings between the Islamic natives and the Spaniards, they fought for the control of the land and settlements. Legazpi declared the area of Manila as the new capital of the Spanish colony on June 24,1571 because of its strategic location and he also proclaimed the sovereignty of the Monarchy of Spain over the all the archipelago. King Philip II of Spain delighted at the new conquest achieved by Legazpi and his men, awarded the city a coat of arms and declaring it as, Intramuros was settled and became the political, military and religious center of the Spanish Empire in Asia. The city was in constant danger of natural and man-made disasters and worse, in 1574, a fleet of Chinese pirates led by Limahong attacked the city and destroyed it before the Spaniards drove them away. The colony had to be again by the survivors. These attacks prompted the construction of the wall, the city of stone began during the rule of Governor-General Santiago de Vera. The city was planned and executed by Jesuit Priest, Antonio Sedeno and was approved by King Philip IIs Royal Ordinance that was issued in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, leonardo Iturriano, a Spanish military engineer specializing in fortifications, headed the project. Chinese and Filipino workers built the walls, Fort Santiago was rebuilt and a circular fort, known as Nuestra Senora de Guia, was erected to defend the land and sea on the southwestern side of the city. Funds came from a monopoly on playing cards and fines imposed on its excessive play, Chinese goods were taxed for two years
3.
Manila
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Manila, officially City of Manila, is the capital of the Philippines. Founded on June 24,1571, by Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi and it is situated on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is home to many landmarks, some of which date back to the 16th century. In 2012, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as a global city, the city proper is home to 1,780,148 people in 2015, forming the historic core of Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines. The metropolitan area, which includes the much larger Quezon City, Manila is also the most densely populated city proper in the world, with 41,515 people per square kilometer. The term Manila is commonly used to refer to either the whole area or the city proper. Manila is located on the shore of the Manila Bay on one of the finest harbors in the country. The city has six districts for the lower house of the Philippine Congress. Manila was once ruled by the Kingdom of Tondo before it became a province of the Majapahit Empire. During the Bruneian invasion of the Philippines, Sultan Bolkiah of Brunei captured Seludong and renamed it Maynilà, Maynilà became a vassal state of the Sultanate of Brunei, established to overpower Tondo. In 1571, conquistadors arrived from Mexico, across the Pacific Ocean, Spanish missionaries soon Christianized the city, incorporated Tondo and built some of the oldest churches in the country, including San Agustin Church. The conquistadors renamed the area Nuevo Reino de Castilla, Manila became the center of Spanish activity in the Far East and one end of the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade route linking Spanish America with Asia, one of the earliest examples of globalization. Because of its location on Pacific trade routes, Manila received the moniker Pearl of the Orient. Spanish rule of the Philippine archipelago lasted for more than three centuries, until 1898, order was usually quickly restored and the city returned to the business of trade. In the 19th century, Manila was one of the most modern cities in Asia, before the Spanish–American War, it saw the rise of the Philippine Revolution. After the war, the United States took control, switched the official language from Spanish to English, near the end of World War II, during the Battle of Manila, most of the city was flattened by intensive aerial bombardment by the United States Air Force. As a result, relatively little remains of Manilas prewar and colonial architecture, although there are ongoing projects, especially within the old walled city. Maynilà, the Filipino name for the city, originated from the word nilà, referring to a mangrove tree that grew on the delta of the Pasig River. The flowers were made into garlands that, according to folklore, were offered to statues on religious altars or in churches
4.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
5.
Treaty of Paris (1898)
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The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million from the United States to Spain. The treaty was signed on December 10,1898, and ended the Spanish–American War, the Treaty of Paris came into effect on April 11,1899, when the documents of ratification were exchanged. The Treaty of Paris marked the end of the Spanish Empire and it marked the beginning of the age of the United States as a world power. Many supporters of the war opposed the treaty, and it one of the major issues in the election of 1900 when it was opposed by Democrat William Jennings Bryan because he opposed imperialism. Republican President William McKinley upheld the treaty and was easily reelected, the Spanish–American War began on April 25,1898 due to a series of escalating disputes between the two nations, and ended on December 10,1898 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. It resulted in Spains loss of its control over the remains of its overseas empire, after much of mainland Latin America had achieved independence, Cuba tried its hand at revolution in 1868–1878, and again in the 1890s, led by José Martí, or El Apóstol. Martí returned to Cuba and participated at first in the struggles against the Spanish government, the Philippines at this time also became resistant to Spanish colonial rule. August 26,1896 presented the first call to revolt, led by Andrés Bonifacio, succeeded by Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, Bonifacio was executed on May 10,1897. Aguinaldo then negotiated the Pact of Biak-na-Bato with the Spaniards and was exiled to Hong Kong along with the revolutionary leaders. The Spanish–American War that followed had overwhelming U. S. public support due to the popular fervor towards supporting Cuban freedom as well as furthering U. S. economic interests overseas, the U. S. was particularly attracted to the developing sugar industry in Cuba. The U. S. military even resorted to falsifying reports in the Philippines in order to maintain support for U. S. involvement abroad. The Philippines stand upon a different basis, without any original thought of complete or even partial acquisition, the presence and success of our arms at Manila imposes upon us obligations which we cannot disregard. The march of events rules and overrules human action, incidental to our tenure in the Philippines is the commercial opportunity to which American statesmanship cannot be indifferent. It is just to use legitimate means for the enlargement of American trade. In view of what has been stated, the United States cannot accept less than the cession in full right and sovereignty of the island of Luzon. 1,1898, and proceed to the negotiation and conclusion of a treaty of peace, the composition of the American commission was somewhat unusual in that three of its members were Senators. The American delegation members were, William R. Day, chairman, the negotiations were conducted in a suite of rooms at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Americans refused to consider this and for the moment it was pursued no further, felipe Agoncillo, a Filipino lawyer representing the First Philippine Republic, was denied participation in the negotiation
6.
Sovereignty
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Sovereignty is understood in jurisprudence as the full right and power of a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies. In political theory, sovereignty is a term designating supreme authority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominant Westphalian model of state foundation, derived from Latin through French souveraineté, its attainment and retention, in both Chinese and Western culture, has traditionally been associated with certain moral imperatives upon any claimant. The concept of sovereignty has been discussed throughout history, and is still actively debated and it has changed in its definition, concept, and application throughout, especially during the Age of Enlightenment. The current notion of state sovereignty contains four aspects consisting of territory, population, authority, Sovereignty is a hypothetical trade, in which two potentially conflicting sides, respecting de facto realities of power, exchange such recognitions as their least costly strategy. The Roman jurist Ulpian observed that, The imperium of the people is transferred to the Emperor, the Emperor is not bound by the law. Emperor is the law making and abiding force, Ulpian was expressing the idea that the Emperor exercised a rather absolute form of sovereignty, although he did not use the term expressly. Classical Ulpians statements were known in medieval Europe, but sovereignty was an important concept in medieval times, Medieval monarchs were not sovereign, at least not strongly so, because they were constrained by, and shared power with, their feudal aristocracy. Furthermore, both were strongly constrained by custom, Sovereignty existed during the Medieval Period as the de jure rights of nobility and royalty, and in the de facto capability of individuals to make their own choices in life. 1380–1400, the issue of sovereignty was addressed in Geoffrey Chaucers Middle English collection of Canterbury Tales. The story revolves around the knight Sir Gawain granting to Dame Ragnell, his new bride, what is purported to be wanted most by women and we desire most from men, From men both lund and poor, To have sovereignty without lies. For where we have sovereignty, all is ours, Though a knight be ever so fierce and it is our desire to have master Over such a sir. Jean Bodin, partly in reaction to the chaos of the French wars of religion, in his 1576 treatise Les Six Livres de la République Bodin argued that it is inherent in the nature of the state that the sovereign must have both great and perpetual authority. Bodin rejected the notion of transference of sovereignty from people to the ruler, however, although he is often connected with absolutism, Bodin held some moderate opinions on how government should in practice be carried out. Thus, Bodin’s sovereign was restricted by the law of the state. Bodin believed that “the most divine, most excellent, and the form most proper to royalty is governed partly aristocratically and partly democratically”. With his doctrine that sovereignty is conferred by law, Bodin predefined the scope of the divine right of kings. During the Age of Enlightenment, the idea of sovereignty gained both legal and moral force as the main Western description of the meaning and power of a State
7.
Manila Standard
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Manila Standard is a broadsheet newspaper in the Philippines. It is currently owned by the Romualdez family, the Romualdezes, through former congressman Martin Romualdez, also own Journal Publications, Inc. the owner of tabloid papers Peoples Journal and Peoples Tonight. Initially established as the Manila Standard in 1987, it merged with another newspaper of record, Today, on March 6,2005, in 2015, the newspaper rebranded itself as The Standard, before reverting to its original name in 2016. The news organization maintains its quality to be one of the news sources in the Philippines. Rod Reyes, one of the newspaper columnists during the era and once manned the operations of GMA Radio Television Arts. He then invited the family of Spanish-Filipino businessman Manuel Elizalde to be the owners of this new-fledging broadsheet, initially named as Manila Standard and this was founded on February 11,1987. The offices were located at the bustling Ayala Avenue in the Makati CBD. In 1989, the group of companies owned by Andres Soriano III bought out the Elizalde group and renamed the company Kagitingan Publications, in June 1991, the group of businessman Alfonso Yuchengco bought into the company and spun off the publishing company. It was incorporated as Kamahalan Publishing Corporation, Kagitingan Publications was renamed Kagitingan Printing Press Inc. which continues to print the New Standard. Victor Agustin took over as chairman of the Editorial Board in 2008, under his term, the company formally adopted an advocacy for the environment. In 2010, just as the Aquino administration took the reins of power and this time, the Razon group sold its interest to the Romualdez group as Razon established Bloomberry Resorts & Hotels Corporation, owner of the Solaire Resort & Casino. The newspaper once again was relaunched as The Standard, featuring a tallboy broadsheet format that is similar to New York Post, the format is bigger than tabloids and smaller than newspapers, with pictures as the main inset of the front page. The new format was first implemented in the issues before the full makeover happened in the weekday issues since February 23,2015. Ranhilio Callangan Aquino Alejandro del Rosario Lito Banayo Rita Linda V. Jimeno Emil P. Jurado Jojo A. Robles Dean Tony Lavina Gary Olivar Victor Avecilla Tony Lopez Florencio Fianza Cong. Danilo Suarez Dr. Jenny Ortuoste Horace Templo Elizabeth Angsioco Rod P. Kapunan Adelle Chua Pastor Apollo C
8.
Philippine Daily Inquirer
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The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is the most widely read broadsheet newspaper in the Philippines, with a daily circulation of 260,000 copies. It is one of the Philippines newspapers of record and it is a member of the Asia News Network. Apostol also published the Mr & Ms Special Edition, a weekly tabloid opposed to the Marcos regime. As the successor to the previous Mr. and Mrs. Special Edition, the new daily was housed in the dilapidated one-story Star Building on 13th and Railroad streets in Port Area, Manila. It was put out by 40 editors, reporters, correspondents, photographers, columnist Louie Beltran was named its editor-in-chief. The newspaper was then in documenting the campaign of Corazón Aquino during the 1986 presidential elections and, in turn. Its slogan, Balanced News, Fearless Views, was incorporated to the newspaper in January 1986 after a slogan-making contest held during the first month of the Inquirers existence. As Belmonte owned the Star Building where the Inquirer was headquartered, in February 1987, Federico D. Pascual, former assistant managing editor of the Daily Express, was named executive editor of Inquirer and was appointed editor-in-chief two years later. It was during his term in 1990 that the Inquirer took the lead from the Manila Bulletin to become the Philippines largest newspaper in terms of circulation, however, on July 1990, the Inquirer headquarters in Intramuros was damaged by an earthquake. On 5 January 1991, the transferred to the YIC building along United Nations Avenue. Inquirers longest-serving and first woman editor-in-chief, the late Letty Jimenez-Magsanoc, was appointed on June 14,1991 and she was a former columnist and editor of the Panorama Sunday magazine of Bulletin Today who was sacked for writing articles poking fun at Marcos. She edited Mr & Ms Special Edition until the fall of the Marcos regime and she is also the first editor in chief of Sunday Inquirer Magazine. Under her term, in 1995, the Inquirer moved to its current headquarters in Makati City after transferring headquarters four times, during the administration of president Joseph Estrada, he criticized the Inquirer for bias, malice and fabrication against him—this charge to the newspaper was denied. In 1999, several government organizations, pro-Estrada businesses, and movie producers simultaneously pulled their advertisements from the Inquirer in a boycott that lasted for five months. The presidential palace was widely implicated in the boycott, which was denounced by then publisher Isagani Yambot as an attack on the freedom of the press. In 2007, according to the survey conducted by AGB Nielsen, the Manila Bulletin and the Philippine Star followed as the second and the third most widely read papers, respectively. Magsanoc died on December 24,2015 at the St. Lukes Medical Center in Taguig City, a month after her death, Jimenez-Magsanoc was recognized as the Filipino of the Year 2015 by the Inquirer. In February 2,2016, the Inquirer appointed its managing editor Jose Ma, nolasco as the executive editor, the new top position of the newspaper, replacing the traditional editor in chief position that used by Inquirer for more than three decades
9.
Manila Bulletin
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The Manila Bulletin, is the Philippines largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation, followed by the Philippine Daily Inquirer. It bills itself as The Nations Leading Newspaper, which is its official slogan, founded in 1900 as a shipping journal, it is the second-oldest Philippine newspaper, second only to The Manila Times. The newspaper was owned by a Swiss expatriate named Hans Menzi. Its name was changed from Bulletin Today on March 12,1986, on occasion the editorial policy of the Manila Bulletin has met objection from civil authorities. During World War II the newspapers editor, Roy Anthony Cutaran Bennett, was imprisoned and tortured by the Japanese for his statements opposing the militarist expansion of the Japanese Empire, the Manila Bulletin survived the martial law era of President Ferdinand Marcos as a propaganda tool. The company has listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange since 1990. It also publishes a number of magazines such as Wedding Essentials, Style Weekend, GARAGE Magazine, Agriculture Magazine, Digital Gen, Going Places. The newspaper is regarded by many for being pro-administration regardless of who is in power and also for its optimistic, only shortly after the death of Chairman Emilio Yap did the newspaper decide to allow discussion of political and current events in its editorial pages. The editorial is also featured in its sister papers Tempo and Balita, to further enhance its image as a newspaper which presents positive news articles, the Bulletin recently introduced a new marketing tagline, Theres good news here. In 2015, they adopted the marketing tagline Be Fully Informed which is still being used throughout 2016, in addition it maintains the oldest news website in the Philippines.3 million readers. The Manila Bulletin came second with 47%, while the Philippine Star was third with 42%, Nielsen survey also showed that the Sunday Inquirer Magazine led in its category, with 39% readership, Panorama came in second with 35%, and Starweek was third with 12%. Latest Q22016 Nielsen Consumer and Media View results put Manila Bulletin, with 48% share of the total Broadsheet market, Philippine Daily Inquirer comes in second at 38%, followed by Philippine Star at 14%. Manila Bulletin also had the most number of readers with 42% of its readers not reading any other broadsheet title. On June 5,2008, a Filipino blogger sued the Bulletin for copyright infringement, the photo blogger had discovered that photos that he had taken and posted online had been used by the Manila Bulletin in the Travel & Tourism section of its March 21,2007 issue. Apparently, the photographs had been altered and used by the newspaper without the original photographers consent, a month later, the newspaper filed a counter-suit against the blogger claiming exemplary and moral damages. The Manila Bulletin claimed that its use of the photographs constituted fair use
10.
The Philippine Star
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The Philippine Star is a print and digital newspaper in the Philippines and the flagship brand of the PhilStar Media Group. First published on 28 July 1986 by veteran journalists Betty Go-Belmonte, Max Soliven and Art Borjal, the newspaper is owned and published by Philstar Daily Inc. which also publishes the monthly magazine People Asia and the Sunday magazines Starweek, Gist and Lets Eat. The Philippine Star is among the Philippines most widely circulated newspapers, with a circulation of 266,000 copies daily. The Philippine Star was first published seven months after the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled strongman Ferdinand Marcos, at that time, Belmonte was the publisher of a small, monthly magazine called The Star, a predecessor of the The Philippine Star. Belmonte served as the chairman of the Board of Directors, while Soliven acted as the founding publisher. Antonio Roces served as the first editor-in-chief until his resignation in 1989, the masthead of the newspaper carried the motto, Truth Shall Prevail, reflecting its editorial policy of presenting both sides of the story instead of the prevailing scoop mentality of that time. Aside from the news section, the first issue also includes the World, Nation, Money, Life. For its initial price of ₱1.75, the newspaper had a print run of “a few thousand copies”. At first, the newspaper was published from Mondays to Saturdays because Belmonte prohibited work on Sundays. To capitalize on Sunday readership, Philstar Daily, Inc. began publishing Starweek in 1987, eventually, in 1988, the newspaper added a Sunday issue in response to the demand for news on that day, while continuing its publication of Starweek. Aside from The Philippine Star, Philstar Daily, Inc. also started publishing a Filipino-language tabloid Ang Pilipino Ngayon, with the sudden death of Belmonte due to cancer on 28 January 1994, Soliven assumed chairmanship of the Board of Directors while retaining his position at publisher. He appointed Belmontes 30-year-old son, Miguel Belmonte, as vice president. On 4 August 1995, The Philippine Star became the first Philippine broadsheet newspaper to publish a front page. In 1998, the Board of Directors unanimously appointed Miguel Belmonte as president and CEO, while Soliven remained as chairman of the Board of Directors and publisher. The following year, the newspaper introduced “Hotline 2000”, which use of SMS as a means for opinion polling. It was the beginning of other endeavors that brought the newspaper to the Digital Age. In 2000, the newspaper debuted its website, philstar. com, in the same year, the company began using computer-to-plate printing system. In that year too, Miguels brother, Isaac Belmonte, was appointed editor-in-chief of the newspaper, a complimentary copy of the newspaper was given to Jollibee patrons nationwide for every purchase of a Jollibee breakfast meal
11.
Publishing
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Publishing is the dissemination of literature, music, or information—the activity of making information available to the general public. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers, meaning originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver, also, the word publisher can refer to the individual who leads a publishing company or an imprint or to a person who owns/heads a magazine. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books, Publishing includes the following stages of development, acquisition, copy editing, production, printing, and marketing and distribution. There are two categories of book publisher, Non-paid publishers, A non-paid publisher is a house that does not charge authors at all to publish their books. Paid publishers, The author has to meet with the expense to get the book published. This is also known as vanity publishing, at a small press, it is possible to survive by relying entirely on commissioned material. But as activity increases, the need for works may outstrip the publishers established circle of writers, for works written independently of the publisher, writers often first submit a query letter or proposal directly to a literary agent or to a publisher. Submissions sent directly to a publisher are referred to as unsolicited submissions, the acquisitions editors send their choices to the editorial staff. Unsolicited submissions have a low rate of acceptance, with some sources estimating that publishers ultimately choose about three out of every ten thousand unsolicited manuscripts they receive. Many book publishers around the world maintain a strict no unsolicited submissions policy and this policy shifts the burden of assessing and developing writers out of the publisher and onto the literary agents. At these publishers, unsolicited manuscripts are thrown out, or sometimes returned, established authors may be represented by a literary agent to market their work to publishers and negotiate contracts. Literary agents take a percentage of earnings to pay for their services. Some writers follow a route to publication. Such books often employ the services of a ghostwriter, for a submission to reach publication, it must be championed by an editor or publisher who must work to convince other staff of the need to publish a particular title. An editor who discovers or champions a book that becomes a best-seller may find their reputation enhanced as a result of their success. Once a work is accepted, commissioning editors negotiate the purchase of property rights. The authors of traditional printed materials typically sell exclusive territorial intellectual property rights that match the list of countries in which distribution is proposed. In the case of books, the publisher and writer must also agree on the formats of publication —mass-market paperback
12.
Rodrigo Duterte
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Rodrigo Rody Roa Duterte, also known as Digong, is a Filipino politician and jurist who is the 16th and current President of the Philippines. He is the first Mindanaoan to hold the office, and the fourth of Visayan descent, at 71 years old, Duterte is the oldest person to assume the Philippine presidency, eclipsing Sergio Osmeñas age of 65. Duterte studied political science at the Lyceum of the Philippines University, graduating in 1968, Duterte was among the longest-serving mayors in the Philippines, serving seven terms totaling more than 22 years in office. Duterte has alternately confirmed and denied his involvement in the killings, Duterte has repeatedly confirmed that he personally killed three kidnapping suspects while Mayor of Davao in 1988. On May 9,2016, Duterte won the Philippine presidential election with 38. 5% of the votes and his domestic policy has focused on combating illegal drug trade by initiating the Philippine Drug War. He has vowed to pursue an independent foreign policy, Duterte was born on March 14,1945, in Maasin. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese immigrant from Xiamen, Fujian and his father was Vicente G. Duterte, a Cebuano lawyer, and his mother Soledad Duterte, was a school teacher from Cabadbaran, Agusan and a civic leader of Maranao descent. Dutertes father was acting mayor of Danao, Cebu and subsequently the governor of Davao province. Rodrigos cousin Ronald, on the hand, served as Cebu City mayor from 1983 to 1986. Ronalds father, Ramon Duterte, also held the position from 1957 to 1959, the Dutertes consider the Cebu-based political families of the Durano and the Almendras clan as relatives. Duterte also has relatives from the Roa clan in Leyte through his mothers side, before they resettled to Davao, Dutertes family briefly lived in his birthplace in Maasin, Leyte, and in his fathers hometown in Danao, Cebu, until he was four years old. The Dutertes initially moved to Mindanao in 1948 but still went back and they finally settled in the Davao Region in 1950. Vicente as a lawyer engaged in practice, while Soledad taught in public schools as a teacher. Mrs Duterte, however, retired as a supervisor in 1952 when her lawyer-husband entered politics there, Duterte went to Laboon Elementary School in Maasin, for a year. He spent his elementary days at the Santa Ana Elementary School in Davao City. He graduated in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in science at the Lyceum of the Philippines in Manila. He obtained a law degree from San Beda College of Law in 1972, in the same year, he passed the bar exam. Duterte has said that he was abused by a priest when he was a minor
13.
Reynato Puno
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Reynato Puno y Serrano was the 22nd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Appointed on December 8,2006 by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, he was the 22nd person to serve as Chief Justice, Puno had initially been appointed to the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice on June 28,1993. Puno earned his law degree from the University of the Philippines, during his stay in the state university, he also served as editor of the Philippine Collegian. He would later finish post-graduate studies at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, University of California, Berkeley, Puno began his legal career in private practice. In 1969, he joined the law practice of his elder brother Isaac, in 1971, he joined the Office of the Solicitor General, where he would serve for the next nine years. In 1980, Puno was appointed by President Ferdinand Marcos as a Justice of the Court of Appeals and he rejoined the executive department in 1984, this time as a Deputy Minister of Justice. Upon the assumption into office of President Corazon Aquino in 1986, Puno has been praised for his erudite and literary writing style. In the process, he gives life to populist causes and libertarian ideals, darting, gutsy and erudite, he often wages lonely battles against conventional wisdom with his stirring dissents and insightful opinion. Chief Justice Reynato Puno is a Freemason and Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines. MW Reynato S. Puno PGM is from Hiram Lodge No.88 and also a member of Jacques DeMolay Memorial Lodge No.305. On June 28,1993, President Fidel V. Ramos appointed Puno as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court at the age of 53 and he would serve in that capacity for the next 13 years. Upon the retirement of Justice Josue Bellosillo in 2003, Puno became the Senior Associate Justice, traditionally, the most senior Associate Justice was appointed to fill any permanent vacancy to the seat of the Chief Justice, though this tradition was not always observed. Upon the retirement of Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. in 2005, Puno, however, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo instead appointed Associate Justice Artemio Panganiban as Chief Justice, marking the first time in 20 years that the senior Associate Justice was bypassed. Justice Puno remained as the most senior Associate Justice for the months of the term of Chief Justice Panganiban. Puno denied speculations that he retire from the position of Chief Justice before May 17,2010. Puno was named one of the Ten Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines award in the field of law in 1977 and he was also one of the Outstanding Alumnus of the Alpha Phi Beta Fraternity - UP College of Law in 1975. In 1996, he was chosen the Outstanding Alumnus by the University of the Philippines College of Law, last June 21, Chief Justice Reynato S. Chief Justice Puno won over around 200 nominees who were nominated for specific fields of involvement and he was nominated for the Public Service/Good Governance category by two organizations, the Alpha Phi Beta Fraternity Chancery and a lawyers’ group
14.
Eddie Panlilio
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Eddie Among Ed Tongol Panlilio is a Kapampangan Filipino Roman Catholic priest and Governor of Pampanga. He was suspended from his duties upon announcing his intention to run as governor. He was elected governor in May 2007 in a race against incumbent governor Mark Lapid. In February 2010, following a recount of votes due to an election protest, Panlilio was named Filipino of the Year for 2007 by the Philippine Daily Inquirer. Eddie Panlilio was born in Minalin, Pampanga on December 6,1953 and he is the sixth of seven children of Gervacio Cunanan Panlilio and Catalina Tongol. He is afflicted with vitiligo, a skin disease. For fifteen years, Panlilio was the director of the Social Action Center of Pampanga and he established the micro-lending program Talete Panyulung ning Kapampangan Inc. based on the Grameen Bank-approach. Now on its 20th year, TPKI released P2 billion in loans to entrepreneurs in Central Luzon. Panlilio was suspended from the priesthood by his superior, the archbishop of San Fernando and this means that he is forbidden by the Catholic Church to act like a priest or perform any of the sacraments reserved to priests. The Code of Canon Law forbids priests from occupying political posts, Bishop Leonardo Medroso, chairman of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines Episcopal Commission on Canon Law cited a conflict between a role in politics and in the church. Panlilio ran for the position of governor of Pampanga province in the 2007 Philippine general election, without any political party, he won over his two competitors, provincial board member Lilia Pineda and re-electionist governor Mark Lapid. He defeated Pineda by a margin of 1,147 votes out of over 600,000 votes cast. Panlilio was inaugurated as the 26th governor of the province of Pampanga on June 30,2007, supreme Court Associate Justice Consuelo Ynares-Santiago administered the oath of office. During the inauguration, the new governor vowed to stop corruption, on July 4,2007 Among Ed began serving his term amid the provinces hope to erase its reputation of being the countrys Vatican of jueteng or illegal gambling. Pampanga has had a history of patronage politics and corruption. One of Panlilios achievements in office was to increase the revenue from quarry taxes. It is suspected that under previous governors, notably Mark Lapid and Lito Lapid, the increased tax base has led to fighting among mayors over the new revenue. On August 27,2007, Panlilio campaigned to bring his government closer to the Kapangpangans by leading the caravan Pamisaupan in Pampanga, Panlilio further vowed to improve the facilities and conditions in the provinces 9 district hospitals including the Diosdado Macapagal Provincial Hospital from funds and private groups contributions
15.
Manny Pacquiao
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Emmanuel Manny Dapidran Pacquiao, PLH is a Filipino professional boxer and politician, currently serving as Senator of the Philippines. In boxing he has held the WBO and lineal welterweight titles since 2016, Pacquiao is also the third boxer in history to win genuine world titles in three of the original eight weight divisions of boxing, also known as the glamour divisions. He was named Fighter of the Decade for the 2000s by the Boxing Writers Association of America, WBC, and WBO. He is also a three-time Ring magazine and BWAA Fighter of the Year, winning the award in 2006,2008, and 2009, BoxRec ranks him as the greatest Asian fighter of all time. Pacquiao was long rated as the best pound for pound boxer in the world by most sporting news and boxing websites, including ESPN, Sports Illustrated, Sporting Life, Yahoo. Sports, About. com, BoxRec, and The Ring, beginning from his climb to lightweight until his losses in 2012 and he is also the longest reigning top-ten boxer on The Rings pound for pound list. Pacquiao has generated approximately 19.2 million in pay-per-view buys, According to Forbes, he was the second highest paid athlete in the world as of 2015. Beyond boxing, Pacquiao has participated in basketball, business, acting, music recording, in May 2010, Pacquiao was elected to the House of Representatives in the 15th Congress of the Philippines, representing the province of Sarangani. He was re-elected in 2013 to the 16th Congress of the Philippines, in June 2016, Pacquiao was elected as a senator and will serve a six-year term until 2022. Pacquiao, while focused on being a boxer and a politician, is listed as the head coach of the basketball team Mahindra Floodbuster. Pacquiao was born on December 17,1978, in Kibawe, Bukidnon and he is the son of Rosalio Pacquiao and Dionisia Dapidran-Pacquiao. His parents separated when he was in grade, after his mother discovered that his father was living with another woman. He is the fourth among six siblings, Liza Silvestre-Onding and Domingo Silvestre and Isidra Pacquiao-Paglinawan, Alberto Bobby Pacquiao, Pacquiao married Jinkee Jamora on May 10,2000. Together, they have five children, Emmanuel Jr. Michael Stephen, Mary Divine Grace, Queen Elizabeth and his daughter, Queen, was born in the United States. He resides in his hometown General Santos City, South Cotabato, however, as a congressman of lone district of Sarangani, he is officially residing in Kiamba, Sarangani, the hometown of his wife. Raised in the Roman Catholic faith, Pacquiao is currently a practicing Evangelical Protestant, Pacquiao said he once had a dream where he saw a pair of angels and heard the voice of God, this dream convinced him to become more religious. He is also a military reservist with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Reserve Force of the Philippine Army, prior to being commissioned to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, he first entered the Armys reserve force on April 27,2006 as a Sergeant. Later, he rose to Technical Sergeant on December 1 of the same year, on October 7,2007, he became a Master Sergeant, the highest rank in the enlisted personnel
16.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
17.
Metro Manila
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These 5 provinces, plus Metro Manila and Pampanga, sum to 30.7 million residents as of the newly counted census of 2015. The region is the center of culture, economy, education, NCR is one of the 12 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines according to the National Economic and Development Authority. Designated as a global city, NCR exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education. It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines and its economic power makes the region the countrys premier center for finance and commerce. NCR accounts for 37. 2% of the domestic product of the Philippines. The Province of Manila, the progenitor to the present-day Metro Manila, is one of the eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The province was honored as one of the sun rays in the Flag of the Philippines, a historical province known as Manila encompasses the former pre-Hispanic kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines, with Manila serving as the center of colonial power, in 1898, it included the City of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from 1898-1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal in 1901. Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the global cities. Pasig serves as its provincial capital, in 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the country. A masterplan for Quezon City was completed, the establishment of Quezon City meant demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, later on, Quezon City eventually declared as the national capital from 1948-1976. The tile was re-designated back to Manila through Presidential Decree No.940 owing to its significance as the seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. During the war, President Manuel L. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor, Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezons principal lieutenant for administrative matters, the City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila, on November 7,1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No.824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region, on June 2,1978, through Presidential Decree No
18.
BusinessMirror
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BusinessMirror is the second daily business newspaper in the Philippines, after BusinessWorld. It was founded in 2005 by Antonio Cabangon Chua, who is also its publisher, as of September 2011, BusinessMirror has a daily circulation of 82,600. Officers of BusinessMirror and ABS-CBN News, including its news chief, Regina Reyes, media Ownership Monitor Philippines - Print by VERA Files and Reporters Without Borders
19.
BusinessWorld
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BusinessWorld is a business newspaper in the Philippines with a nationwide circulation of more than 117,000. Founded in 1967 as Business Day, it is Southeast Asias first daily business newspaper, raúl Locsin, then a reporter for the business section of the now-defunct The Manila Chronicle, took out a ₱5,000 loan to start Business Day, the papers forerunner. Business Day released its debut issue on February 27,1967. It was the first business daily in Southeast Asia, and it was dedicated to “competent and responsible reporting of the news. ”On March 1,1971, eight years later, the Securities and Exchange Commission and Business Day launched 1000 Top Corporations in the Philippines gazette. This effort laid the foundation for what is now known as BusinessWorld Top 1000 Corporations in the Philippines, after the 1986 People Power Revolution, the paper eventually closed on June 5,1987, due to a labour strike. Employees who did not join the strike quickly regrouped with Locsin to set up the current BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation, the first copy of BusinessWorld was sold on July 27,1987. World Press, which started with a web offset printing press. In two years, it was able to own pre-press facilities that allowed for the Color Electronic Pagination System, previously housed in Ortigas Center, Pasig City, BusinessWorld moved to its current location in New Manila, Quezon City in 1994. The building was designed by Locsin’s cousin, the late National Artist for Architecture Leandro V. Locsin and their daughter, Barbara Locsin, headed the paper for a while, later succeeded by Anthony Cuaycong as chief operating officer. Smart Communications, Inc. co-founder and chief wireless advisor Orlando Vea was named acting president, in March 2014, José Roberto Roby A. Alampay, head of Philippine news portal and PLDT subsidiary InterAksyon. com and a News5 anchor, was appointed concurrent Editor-in-Chief of the newspaper. In July 2015, The Philippine Star acquired the entire 76. 63% stake of its sister broadsheet BusinessWorld from Hastings Holdings Inc. the subsidiary of The Stars parent, MediaQuest. This transaction is done to enhance to role of The Philippine Star as the leading and trusted news source in the Philippines, the Philippine Star president Miguel G. Belmonte was named concurrent president of the broadsheet. Media Ownership Monitor Philippines - Print by VERA Files and Reporters Without Borders
20.
The Daily Tribune
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The Daily Tribune is a daily English-language broadsheet publication in the Philippines. Its office is in the 1st Floor of the Bel-Air Apartments along Roxas Boulevard, the Daily Tribune was founded in 1999 by a group of journalists from the then-defunct The Philippine Post led by the current Editor-in-Chief Ninez Cacho-Olivares. On February 24,2006, the Tribune was raided by the Philippine National Police at the height of the State of Emergency imposed by Arroyo, the police presence remained in the papers office until the State of Emergency was lifted on March 4,2006. The paper continued to publish normally, making defiant statements throughout, Ninez Cacho-Olivarez, the papers publisher, claimed that some of her reporters were practising self-censorship, but her own publishing decisions were unaffected. She received substantial publicity and her circulation expanded significantly during the crisis, however, the Tribune is now said to face sedition charges, and it is unclear whether they will be in any way effective against the newspaper. It willingly and openly criticises the sitting President as opposed to other newspapers which usually feature and she was also ordered to pay ₱5 million in moral damages and ₱33,732. Villaraza, Cruz, Marcelo & Angangco stated that it will prosecute 47 more libel suits against the publisher of The Daily Tribune. In February 2006, the office of The Daily Tribune was searched by police during a plot to topple the Arroyo government that resulted in the imposition of the State of Emergency, the Daily Tribune - official website Daily Tribune Article on lifting of state of emergency
21.
Inquirer Libre
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Inquirer Libre is a free, bilingual tabloid published in the Philippines. It is published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer and is considered a version of the Philippine Daily Inquirer that is distributed on public transport. Unlike other Philippine tabloids, Inquirer Libre seeks to provide access to decent, useful and meaningful news. The income generated from distributing Inquirer Libre comes from advertising, Philippine Daily Inquirer Gratis versus Libre Inquirer Libre
22.
Pilipino Star Ngayon
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Pilipino Star NGAYON is the leading tabloid newspaper of daily nationwide circulation in the Philippines. It is written and published in Filipino, the language of the Philippines. The tabloid newspaper is owned and operated by PhilStar Daily, Inc. under its subsidiary, Pilipino Star NGAYON, Inc. It caters primarily to lower income or masa readers in the country, providing them intelligent news and opinion with decent presentation, hence its motto, Pilipino Star NGAYON led the innovation in the tabloid newspaper industry in the Philippines. It is the first tabloid in the country to be published in full color and the first tabloid in the Philippines to establish a presence on the Internet
23.
The Jeepney Magazine
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The Jeepney Magazine is the street newspaper sold by poor and homeless in the Philippines. It was launched in March 2008 with two purposes, to write for and about the poor, and to them with jobs to make a living. It is sold for 100 pesos, half of which the seller keeps, selling 10 copies per day is expected to eventually let the sellers exceed the minimum wage by 40 percent. The Jeepney Magazine is published by the Urban Opportunities for Change Foundation and is a member of the International Network of Street Papers, the name refers to the Jeepney, the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines and a symbol of Philippine culture. Jeepney Magazine is written in English, and a Tagalog translation is under consideration and it won the 2009 International Street Paper Award for Best Interview. The biggest challenge is finding safe and legal places where vendors can sell the magazine
24.
Diario de Manila
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The Diario was edited by Felipe del Pan and published by the Ramirez y Compañia, whose headquarters were based in Intramuros, Manila, and its business and editorial offices in Binondo. The first daily of Manila, La Esperanza had been founded on December 1,1846 and he eventually became the associate editor of the Diario. Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau, a Spanish diplomat and writer, author of plays, operas and novels, governor Malcampo commissioned Giraudier to illustrate the landscape of the island together with its people, customs and architecture. The resulting drawings are considered to be among the best lithographic illustrations of the Islands and they conducted their activities under the unsuspecting eyes of the management, who were mostly active members of the Spanish colonial reserve forces. Most of their secret activities took place during the lunch breaks when the Spanish personnel took their meals. Honoria was deeply disturbed by his brothers revelation and decided to inform the orphanage’s Mother Superior, Sor Teresa de Jesús, Philippine Literature in Spanish Katipunan Philippine Literature in Spanish Kalayaan, The Katipunan Newspaper
