1.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
2.
Otto von Bismarck
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Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. In the 1860s, he engineered a series of wars that unified the German states, significantly and deliberately excluding Austria, into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. With that accomplished by 1871, he skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germanys position in a Europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, in 1862, King Wilhelm I appointed Bismarck as Minister President of Prussia, a position he would hold until 1890. He provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France, aligning the smaller German states behind Prussia in its defeat of France, in 1871, he formed the German Empire with himself as Chancellor, while retaining control of Prussia. His diplomacy of realpolitik and powerful rule at home gained him the nickname the Iron Chancellor, German unification and its rapid economic growth was the foundation to his foreign policy. He disliked colonialism but reluctantly built an empire when it was demanded by both elite and mass opinion. A master of politics at home, Bismarck created the first welfare state in the modern world. In the 1870s, he allied himself with the Liberals and fought the Catholic Church in what was called the Kulturkampf and he lost that battle as the Catholics responded by forming a powerful Centre party and using universal male suffrage to gain a bloc of seats. Bismarck then reversed himself, ended the Kulturkampf, broke with the Liberals, imposed protective tariffs, a devout Lutheran, he was loyal to his king, who argued with Bismarck but in the end supported him against the advice of his wife and his heir. Under Wilhelm I, Bismarck largely controlled domestic and foreign affairs, until he was removed by the young Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890, bismarck—a Junker himself—was strong-willed, outspoken and sometimes judged overbearing, but he could also be polite, charming and witty. Occasionally he displayed a violent temper, and he kept his power by threatening resignation time and again. He possessed not only a national and international vision but also the short-term ability to juggle complex developments. As the leader of what historians call revolutionary conservatism, Bismarck became a hero to German nationalists, many historians praise him as a visionary who was instrumental in uniting Germany and, once that had been accomplished, kept the peace in Europe through adroit diplomacy. Bismarck was born in Schönhausen, a family estate situated west of Berlin in the Prussian province of Saxony. He had two siblings, Bernhard and Malwine, the world saw Bismarck as a typical Prussian Junker, an image that he encouraged by wearing military uniforms. Bismarck was well educated and cosmopolitan with a gift for conversation, in addition to his native German, he was fluent in English, French, Italian, Polish and Russian. Bismarck was educated at Johann Ernst Plamanns elementary school, and the Friedrich-Wilhelm, from 1832 to 1833, he studied law at the University of Göttingen, where he was a member of the Corps Hannovera, and then enrolled at the University of Berlin. In 1838, while stationed as an army reservist in Greifswald, at Göttingen, Bismarck befriended the American student John Lothrop Motley
3.
George Fort Gibbs
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George Fort Gibbs was an American author, illustrator, artist, and screenwriter. As an author, he more than 50 popular books. Several of his books were made into films and his illustrations appeared prominently in such magazines as The Saturday Evening Post, Ladies Home Journal, Redbook and The Delineator. He also illustrated some of his own novels, and the novels of others, as a painter he produced many portraits, and painted murals for Pennsylvania Station and Girard College in Philadelphia. His screenwriting credits include a film about the life of Voltaire, George Gibbs was born in 1870 in New Orleans. His father, Benjamin F. Gibbs, was a surgeon with the ironclad fleet stationed there. Dr. Gibbs had seen much adventure in his naval career and he had taken part in the Paraguay Expedition aboard the USS Memphis. In mid-war, on February 25,1864, Dr. Gibbs married Elizabeth Beatrice Kellogg, nine months after their marriage, Mrs. Gibbs gave birth to a daughter, Julie Aline Gibbs. In 1870 a son, George Fort Gibbs, was born, Dr. Gibbs continued to rise in the navy, ultimately attaining the rank of Medical Inspector and being designated Fleet Surgeon of the European Squadron on August 20,1881. He took Elizabeth, Aline and George with him, settling them in Geneva, Chateau de Lancy also educated such men as William Carlos Williams, Sir Harold Acton and Hamilton Fish. In September 1882, while aboard the USS Lancaster sailing for Trieste, according to one source he was probably suffering from malarial fever. When the ship reached port, he was moved to a hospital. His son George was twelve years old at the time, Elizabeth Gibbs was extremely distraught over her husbands death. The family returned to the United States in November 1883, debarking in New York and then taking a train bound for Washington, George was then thirteen years old, and Aline eighteen. The children were concerned about their mother, who had expressed thoughts of suicide, as the train approached Union Station in Baltimore, Elizabeth left her children and entered the ladies restroom. She was gone for a time, and the children began to worry. When the train arrived at the station they tried the door of the restroom, George climbed up to a transom and looked in, only to find the room empty, and its window open. The children notified railroad officials, who sent an engine back down the tracks to look for Elizabeth, Aline went ahead to D. C. to meet with her grandfather, and George stayed behind with the searchers
4.
Curtis Publishing Company
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The Curtis Publishing Company, founded in 1891 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, became one of the largest and most influential publishers in the United States during the early 20th century. The companys publications included the Ladies Home Journal and The Saturday Evening Post, The American Home, Holiday, Jack & Jill, in the 1940s, Curtis also had a comic book imprint, Novelty Press. The Curtis Publishing Company was founded in 1891 by publisher Cyrus H. K. Curtis, who published the Peoples Ledger, a news magazine he had begun in Boston in 1872 and moved to Philadelphia in 1876. He had also established the Tribune and Farmer in 1879, from the section of which he fashioned the Ladies Home Journal under the editorship of his wife, Louisa Knapp. These publications were taken under the imprimatur of the new company, macNeal announced that the company had lost money for the first time since its incorporation more than seven decades before. Perfect Film loaned the company $5 million in 1968 at the request of Curtiss primary loan holder, First National Bank of Boston, to extend its loans. Curtis sold its Philadelphia headquarters to real estate developer John W. Merriam for $7.3 million to pay off most of the First National loan, it then leased half of the building back. In 1968, Curtis Publishing sold the Ladies Home Journal and The American Home to Downe Communications for $5.4 million in stock, and then sold the stock for cash to operate with. Six million Post subscribers were then sold to Life for cash, a $2.5 million loan, despite these attempts to revive the Saturday Evening Post, and with no purchaser for the magazine, Curtis Publishing shut down the magazine in 1969. In March 1969, the Federal Trade Commission directs Curtis to offer refunds for unfulfilled portions of Post subscriptions. Perfect Film purchased Curtis Circulation Company that same year, in 1976, The Saturday Evening Post Society was spun off from Curtis to publish its flagship magazine and U. S. Kids was formed which publishes their portfolio of childrens magazines, in 1910 the company built its headquarters building at the intersection of South Sixth and Walnut Streets about 200 feet southwest of Independence Hall. The building was designed by Edgar Viguers Seeler in the Beaux Arts style, the square-block building stretches from South Sixth to South Seventh Street east to west and from Sansom Street to Walnut Street north to south. The building was renovated in 1990 by Oldham and Seltz and John Milner Associates, the mosaic required 100,000 pieces of hand-fixed favrile glass in 260 different colors. In 1998, the mosaic was sold to casino owner Steve Wynn and this was blocked by local historians and art lovers who raised $3.5 million to prevent the move. The money was provided by the Pew Charitable Trusts to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, FBI file on the Curtis Publishing Company
5.
Indianapolis
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Indianapolis, is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. It is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, with an estimated population of 853,173 in 2015, Indianapolis is the second most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and 14th largest in the U. S. The city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, home to 2 million people and its combined statistical area ranks 26th, with 2.4 million inhabitants. Indianapolis covers 372 square miles, making it the 16th largest city by area in the U. S. The city grew beyond the Mile Square, as completion of the National Road and advent of the railroad solidified the position as a manufacturing. Indianapolis is within a single-day drive of 70 percent of the nations population, Indianapolis has developed niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. The city is perhaps best known for hosting the worlds largest single-day sporting event. The city is notable as headquarters for the American Legion and home to a significant collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead, the most in the U. S. outside of Washington, D. C. Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration has operated under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council, Indianapolis is considered a high sufficiency global city. In 1816, the year Indiana gained statehood, the U. S. Congress donated four sections of land to establish a permanent seat of state government. Two years later, under the Treaty of St. Marys and this tract of land, which was called the New Purchase, included the site selected for the new state capital in 1820. The availability of new lands for purchase in central Indiana attracted settlers. Although many of these first European and American setters were Protestants, few African Americans lived in central Indiana before 1840. The first European Americans to permanently settle in the area that became Indianapolis were either the McCormick or Pogue families, on January 11,1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital. The state legislature approved the site, adopting the name Indianapolis on January 6,1821, in April, Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham were appointed to survey and design a town plan for the new settlement. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31,1821, a combined county and town government continued until 1832, when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated city effective March 30,1847, Samuel Henderson, the citys first mayor, led the new city government, which included a seven-member city council. In 1853, voters approved a new city charter provided for an elected mayor
6.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
7.
Magazine
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A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published. Magazines are generally published on a schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a price, by prepaid subscriptions. At its root, the magazine refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles and this explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores. By definition, a magazine paginates with each issue starting at three, with the standard sizing being 8 3/8 ×10 7/8 inches. However, in the sense a journal has continuous pagination throughout a volume. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed, an example being the Journal of Accountancy, academic or professional publications that are not peer-reviewed are generally professional magazines. That a publication calls itself a journal does not make it a journal in the technical sense, magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, bookstores, or other vendors, or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations. The subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories. In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a basis or by subscription. Paid circulation allows for defined readership statistics and this means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline, or included with other products or publications. Because this model involves giving issues away to unspecific populations, the statistics only entail the number of issues distributed and this is the model used by many trade magazines distributed only to qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey. This allows a level of certainty that advertisements will be received by the advertisers target audience. This latter model was used before the rise of the World Wide Web and is still employed by some titles. For example, in the United Kingdom, a number of computer-industry magazines use this model, including Computer Weekly and Computing, for the global media industry, an example would be VideoAge International. The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, a literary and philosophy magazine, the Gentlemans Magazine, first published in 1731, in London was the first general-interest magazine. Edward Cave, who edited The Gentlemans Magazine under the pen name Sylvanus Urban, was the first to use the term magazine, founded by Herbert Ingram in 1842, The Illustrated London News was the first illustrated magazine
8.
George Horace Lorimer
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George Horace Lorimer was an American journalist and author. He is best known as the editor of The Saturday Evening Post, during his editorial reign, the Post rose from a circulation of several thousand to over a million. He is credited with promoting or discovering a number of American writers. Lorimer was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the son of the Rev. George C and he attended Moseley High School in Chicago, Colby College, and Yale University. In 1899 he became editor-in-chief of The Saturday Evening Post, and remained in charge until the last day of 1936 and he served also as vice president, president, and chairman of Curtis Publishing Company, which publishes the Post. Its sequel Old Gorgon Graham - More Letters from a Self-Made Merchant to His Son, a copy of the book, in a Morocco binding, is mentioned as being at the bedside of a self-made British financier. The remains of Lorimers estate in Wyncote, Pennsylvania, just outside Philadelphia, is now the campus of Ancillae Assumpta Academy. Most of Lorimer Park, a 213-acre public park located in Abington Township, Pennsylvania, was a bequest from the Lorimer family to the citizens of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
9.
Pennsylvania Gazette
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The Pennsylvania Gazette was one of the United States most prominent newspapers from 1728, before the time period of the American Revolution, until 1800. On October 2,1729, Benjamin Franklin and Hugh Meredith bought the paper and shortened its name, Franklin not only printed the paper but also often contributed pieces to the paper under aliases. His newspaper soon became the most successful in the colonies, on August 6,1741 Franklin published an editorial about deceased Andrew Hamilton, a lawyer and public figure in Philadelphia who had been a friend. The editorial praised the man highly and showed Franklin had held the man in high esteem, in 1752, Franklin published a third-person account of his pioneering kite experiment in The Pennsylvania Gazette, without mentioning that he himself had performed it. Primarily a publication for classified ads, merchants and individuals listed notices of employment, lost and found goods and items for sale, most entries involved stories of travel. In the July 31,1776 edition the front page lists military movements announced by John Hancock alongside the sale of a plantation in Chester County, Pa. This newspaper, among other firsts, would print the first political cartoon in America, Join, or Die and it ceased publication in 1800, ten years after Franklins death. It is claimed that the publication later reemerged as the Saturday Evening Post in 1821, there are three known copies of the original issue, which are held by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library Company of Philadelphia, and the Wisconsin State Historical Society. Today, The Pennsylvania Gazette moniker is used by an unrelated bi-monthly alumni magazine of the University of Pennsylvania, archives are available online for a fee. Pennsylvania Chronicle The Constitutional Post Benjamin Franklin Join, or Die Libertys Kids The Drinkers Dictionary
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Benjamin Franklin
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Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a polymath and a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman. As a scientist, he was a figure in the American Enlightenment. As an inventor, he is known for the rod, bifocals. He facilitated many civic organizations, including Philadelphias fire department and the University of Pennsylvania, Franklin earned the title of The First American for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation, in the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat. To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin the most accomplished American of his age, Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the age of 23. He became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richards Almanack, which he authored under the pseudonym Richard Saunders, after 1767, he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of the British policies. He pioneered and was first president of The Academy and College of Philadelphia which opened in 1751 and he organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in 1769. Franklin became a hero in America as an agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations. His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in securing shipments of crucial munitions from France, during the Revolution, he became the first US Postmaster General. He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics, from 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania. He initially owned and dealt in slaves but, by the 1750s, he argued against slavery from an economic perspective, Franklins father, Josiah Franklin, was a tallow chandler, a soap-maker and a candle-maker. Josiah was born at Ecton, Northamptonshire, England on December 23,1657, the son of Thomas Franklin, a blacksmith-farmer, and Jane White. His mother, Abiah Folger, was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, on August 15,1667, to Peter Folger, a miller and schoolteacher, and his wife, Mary Morrill, Josiah Franklin had seventeen children with his two wives. He married his first wife, Anne Child, in about 1677 in Ecton and emigrated with her to Boston in 1683, after her death, Josiah was married to Abiah Folger on July 9,1689 in the Old South Meeting House by Samuel Willard. Benjamin, their child, was Josiah Franklins fifteenth child and tenth
11.
Cartoon
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A cartoon is a type of two-dimensional illustration. An artist who creates cartoons is called a cartoonist, the concept originated in the Middle Ages and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, it came to refer to humorous illustrations in magazines and newspapers, in the 21st century, cartoons could be published on the Internet. A cartoon is a drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or modello for a painting. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to link the component parts of the composition when painted on damp plaster over a series of days. Such cartoons often have pinpricks along the outlines of the design so that a bag of soot patted or pounced over the cartoon, held against the wall, would leave black dots on the plaster. Cartoons by painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London, tapestry cartoons, usually coloured, were followed with the eye by the weavers on the loom. In modern print media, a cartoon is an illustration or series of illustrations and this usage dates from 1843, when Punch magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages, particularly sketches by John Leech. The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons for grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster, Cartoons can be divided into gag cartoons, which include editorial cartoons, and comic strips. Modern single-panel gag cartoons, found in magazines, generally consist of a drawing with a typeset caption positioned beneath. Newspaper syndicates have also distributed single-panel gag cartoons by Mel Calman, Bill Holman, Gary Larson, George Lichty, Fred Neher, many consider New Yorker cartoonist Peter Arno the father of the modern gag cartoon. The roster of magazine gag cartoonists includes names like Charles Addams, Charles Barsotti, Bill Hoest, Jerry Marcus and Virgil Partch began as magazine gag cartoonists and moved to syndicated comic strips. Richard Thompson is noteworthy in the area of newspaper cartoon illustration, the sports section of newspapers usually featured cartoons, sometimes including syndicated features such as Chester Chet Browns All in Sport. Editorial cartoons are found almost exclusively in news publications and news websites, although they also employ humor, they are more serious in tone, commonly using irony or satire. The art usually acts as a metaphor to illustrate a point of view on current social and/or political topics. Editorial cartoons often include speech balloons and sometimes use multiple panels, editorial cartoonists of note include Herblock, David Low, Jeff MacNelly, Mike Peters and Gerald Scarfe. Comic strips, also known as cartoon strips in the United Kingdom, are daily in newspapers worldwide. In the United States, they are not commonly called cartoons themselves, nonetheless, the creators of comic strips—as well as comic books and graphic novels—are usually referred to as cartoonists
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Hazel (comics)
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Hazel is a single-panel cartoon series by Ted Key about a live-in maid who works for a middle-class family. The character of Hazel came to Key in 1943 during a dream that he drew the next morning and sent to The Saturday Evening Post, Hazel, the live-in maid to the Baxter family, also serving as nanny to the children. George Baxter, ostensible head of the household, harold Baxter, the son of George and Dorothy. Katie Baxter, the Baxters adopted younger child, two Ton, another cat, named for its size. In 2008, the son, Peter Key, talked about the origin of the character, Like a lot of creative people. He had a dream about a maid who took a message, when he looked at the idea the next day, he thought it was good and sold it to The Post. Shortly afterward, the wry and bossy household maid was given the name Hazel, Peter Key recalled, He picked the name Hazel out of the air, but there was an editor at The Post who had a sister named Hazel. She thought her brother came up with the name, and she didn’t speak to him for two years. Hazel ran weekly in the The Saturday Evening Post until the magazine ceased publication in 1969, Key continued to draw Hazel until his retirement in 1993. Ted Key died in May 2008, keys cartoons were reprinted in a series of books, including Heres Hazel and All Hazel. The first in the series, Hazel, was published by E. P. Dutton in 1946 and you may start off disliking her and her omnipresence in the household, but sooner or later one of her cracks will get you—and youll be sold. In 2008, King Features was reprinting Hazel panels in more than 50 newspapers, Key adapted his cartoon series into the television show Hazel, starring Shirley Booth, who won two Emmy Awards portraying the titular maid. It ran from 1961 to 1965 on NBC, for its final 1965-66 season, Key won the National Cartoonists Societys Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1977 for Hazel. Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924-1995, The Complete Index, ISBN 0-9700077-0-1 Hazel at King Features Toonopedia entry NCS Awards Hazel at DailyINK
13.
Ted Key
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Ted Key, was an American cartoonist and writer. He is best known as the creator of the cartoon panel Hazel, which was later the basis for a series of the same name. Born in Fresno, California, Key was the son of Latvian immigrant Simon Keyser, who had changed his name from Katseff to Keyser, though his family thereafter went by Key, Theodore Keyser did not legally adopt the name until the 1950s. Key also worked as editor of Judge in 1937. He soon afterward gave the character a name and employment at the Baxter household, in 2008, the cartoonists son, Peter Key, said, He picked the name Hazel out of the air, but there was an editor at The Post who had a sister named Hazel. She thought her brother came up with the name, and she didn’t speak to him for two years, the cartoon ran until the weekly magazine ceased publication in 1969. Hazel was then picked up for syndication by King Features Syndicate. With the increased output of six cartoons a week, Key hired veteran gag cartoonist Stan Fine to lend a hand, Key later adapted his comic panel into the television show Hazel, starring Shirley Booth as the titular maid. It ran from 1961 to 1964 on NBC, for its final 1965 season, Key continued to draw the strip until his retirement in 1993. King Features reprints panels in over 50 newspapers as of 2008, Key also provided illustrations for the long-running Positive Attitude series of motivational pamphlets and posters, published biweekly by Economics Press Inc. from the 1960s to the 1980s. Key also wrote radio plays during the 1930s and 1940s and his radio drama, The Clinic, broadcast on NBC, was chosen for Max Wylies Best Broadcasts of 1939-40 anthology. He was the screenwriter for three Disney films, and he created several classic books, including Phyllis and The Biggest Dog in the World. During World War II, Key served with the U. S. Army from 1943 to 1946, primarily in public relations, Key retired in 1993, but King Features continued to syndicate Hazel using material he had prepared for his retirement. Hazel still runs today in some 50 newspapers, diagnosed with bladder cancer in late 2006, Key suffered a stroke in September 2007. He was 95 at the time of his death in Tredyffrin Township, Key was married twice, his first wife, Anne, died in 1984, and Key was survived by second wife Bonnie and by three sons, Stephen, David and Peter. In 1977, Key received the National Cartoonists Society Newspaper Panel Award for his work on Hazel, many Happy Returns Som I Fasten Your Seat Belts
14.
Norman Rockwell
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Norman Perceval Rockwell was a 20th-century American author, painter and illustrator. His works enjoy a broad appeal in the United States for their reflection of American culture. Rockwell is most famous for the illustrations of everyday life he created for The Saturday Evening Post magazine over nearly five decades. Among the best-known of Rockwells works are the Willie Gillis series, Rosie the Riveter, The Problem We All Live With, Saying Grace, and the Four Freedoms series. He also is noted for his 64-year relationship with the Boy Scouts of America, during which he produced covers for their publication Boys Life, calendars, and other illustrations. These works include images that reflect the Scout Oath and Scout Law such as The Scoutmaster, A Scout is Reverent and A Guiding Hand. Norman Rockwell was born on February 3,1894, in New York City, to Jarvis Waring Rockwell and Anne Mary Nancy Rockwell and he had one brother, Jarvis Waring Rockwell, Jr. older by a year and a half. Jarvis Waring, Sr. was the manager of the New York office of a Philadelphia textile firm, George Wood, Sons & Company, Rockwell transferred from high school to the Chase Art School at the age of 14. He then went on to the National Academy of Design and finally to the Art Students League, as a student, Rockwell was given small jobs of minor importance. His first major breakthrough came at age eighteen with his first book illustration for Carl H. Claudys Tell Me Why, after that, Rockwell was hired as a staff artist for Boys Life magazine. In this role, he received 50 dollars compensation each month for one completed cover and it is said to have been his first paying job as an artist. At 19, he became the art editor for Boys Life and he held the job for three years, during which he painted several covers, beginning with his first published magazine cover, Scout at Ships Wheel, which appeared on the Boys Life September edition. Rockwells family moved to New Rochelle, New York, when Norman was 21 years old and they shared a studio with the cartoonist Clyde Forsythe, who worked for The Saturday Evening Post. With Forsythes help, Rockwell submitted his first successful cover painting to the Post in 1916 and he followed that success with Circus Barker and Strongman, Gramps at the Plate, Redhead Loves Hatty Perkins, People in a Theatre Balcony, and Man Playing Santa. Rockwell was published eight times on the Post cover within the first year, ultimately, Rockwell published 323 original covers for The Saturday Evening Post over 47 years. His Sharp Harmony appeared on the cover of the issue dated September 26,1936, it depicts a barber, the image was adopted by SPEBSQSA in its promotion of the art. During World War I, he tried to enlist into the U. S. Navy but was refused entry because, at 140 pounds, to compensate, he spent one night gorging himself on bananas, liquids and doughnuts, and weighed enough to enlist the next day. He was given the role of a military artist, however, in 1943, during World War II, Rockwell painted the Four Freedoms series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in his losing fifteen pounds
15.
Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts
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This case involved a libel lawsuit filed by former Georgia Bulldogs football coach Wally Butts against the Saturday Evening Post. The lawsuit arose from an article in the magazine alleging that Butts, V. Sullivan decision, they may still be liable to public figures if the information they disseminate is recklessly gathered and unchecked. The Court ultimately ruled in favor of Butts, and the Saturday Evening Post was ordered to pay $3.06 million to Butts in damages, which was later reduced on appeal to $460,000. The settlement was seen as a factor in the demise of the venerable Saturday Evening Post and its parent corporation. Both Butts and Bryant had sued for $10 million each, list of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 388 Text of decision Summary
16.
John Philip Falter
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John Philip Falter, more commonly known as John Falter, was an American artist best known for his many cover paintings for The Saturday Evening Post. Born in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, Falter moved at an age with his family to Falls City in 1916. As a high student, Falter created a comic strip, Down Thru the Ages. J. N. Ding Darling, Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist of the Des Moines Register, saw some of Falter’s cartoons and said he should become an illustrator. After graduating from school in 1928, Falter studied at the Kansas City Art Institute where he met and became friends with R. G. Harris, Emery Clarke. He won a scholarship to the Art Students League of New York City however only lasted one month due to his fear of his fellow students. This was all too new for the small-town Falter, who fled, in the evenings, however, he took courses at the Grand Central School of Art, above Grand Central Terminal. This was during the Great Depression when most young artists had difficulty finding work, Falter, however, began illustrating covers for the pulp magazines. He opened a studio in New Rochelle, New York, which had long been a colony for illustrators, a community that included such artists as Frederic Remington and Norman Rockwell. Within a few years his three Kansas City Art Institute friends Harris Clarke, and Lyon had all moved to a studio in New Rochelle to launch their respective careers as freelance illustrators. Falter recalled, Rockwell was our inspiration then, I didnt meet him until years later. We would hear that Rockwell had been out on the street, and wed all rush out and hunt for him. If theyd tell us that he had looked in a shop window, Falter received a major break with his first commission from Liberty Magazine to do three illustrations a week in 1933. They paid me $75 a week, Falter said, just like a steelworker, but my expenses for models and costumes were running $35 a week during one 16-week serial I was illustrating. Falter soon discovered there was much more money to be made in advertising than in other fields of illustration. By 1938, he had acquired several advertising clients including Gulf Oil, Four Roses Whiskey, Arrow Shirts, Falters work appeared in major national magazines. This was high pay for work, Falter said. In 1943, he enlisted in the Navy and was promoted from chief boatswains mate to lieutenant on special assignment as an artist
17.
Midwestern United States
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It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984. Illinois is the most populous of the states and North Dakota the least, a 2012 report from the United States Census put the population of the Midwest at 65,377,684. The Midwest is divided by the Census Bureau into two divisions, the East North Central Division includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin, all of which are also part of the Great Lakes region. Major rivers in the include, from east to west, the Ohio River, the Upper Mississippi River. Chicago is the most populated city in the American Midwest and the third most populous in the entire country, other large Midwest cities include, Indianapolis, Columbus, Detroit, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Omaha, Minneapolis, Cleveland, Wichita and St. Louis. Chicago and its suburbs form the largest metropolitan area with 9.8 million people, followed by Metro Detroit. Paul, Greater St. Louis, Greater Cleveland, Greater Cincinnati, Kansas City metro area, the term Midwestern has been in use since the 1880s to refer to portions of the central United States. A variant term, Middle West, has used since the 19th century. Another term sometimes applied to the general region is the heartland. Other designations for the region have fallen out of use, such as the Northwest or Old Northwest, the Northwest Territory was one of the earliest territories of the United States, stretching northwest from the Ohio River to northern Minnesota and upper-Mississippi. The upper-Mississippi watershed including the Missouri and Illinois Rivers was the setting for the earlier French settlements of the Illinois Country, economically the region is balanced between heavy industry and agriculture, with finance and services such as medicine and education becoming increasingly important. Its central location makes it a crossroads for river boats, railroads, autos, trucks. Politically the region swings back and forth between the parties, and thus is heavily contested and often decisive in elections, after the sociological study Middletown, which was based on Muncie, Indiana, commentators used Midwestern cities as typical of the nation. The region has a higher ratio than the Northeast, the West. Traditional definitions of the Midwest include the Northwest Ordinance Old Northwest states, the states of the Old Northwest are also known as Great Lakes states and are east-north central in the United States. The Ohio River runs along the section while the Mississippi River runs north to south near the center. Many of the Louisiana Purchase states in the west-north central United States, are known as Great Plains states. The Midwest lies north of the 36°30′ parallel that the 1820 Missouri Compromise established as the line between future slave and non-slave states
18.
Charles R. Chickering
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Charles Ransom Chickering was best known as the freelance artist who designed some seventy-seven postage stamps for the U. S. Post Office while working at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington and his career as a professional artist began while working as an illustrator for the U. S. Army recording and drawing medical illustrations of the wounded and dead during the First World War. After the Second World War Chickering began working for the U. S, post office designing U. S. Postage stamps, some of which became famous. Later in life he became a designer and illustrator for first day cover cachets that were popular among stamp. Charles Ransom Chickering was born on October 7,1891, in the Smithville section of Galloway Township, New Jersey, on the Atlantic coast and his ability and talent to illustrate ideas and subjects came to him at an early age. He graduated from school in 1913 and soon sold his first illustrations to Colliers Magazine where his career as a freelance book. Chickerings career was put on hold when World War I broke out. His son David maintained that Charles enlisted in the US Army before they got around to drafting him, as he often drew various illustrations of various objects in his spare time it wasnt long before the Army recognized his talent for illustration and was consequently assigned to more unusual duties. Many of these drawings exist today as a part of a Smithsonian collection in Washington, in 1919 he was discharged from the Army. According to 1920 census records he once again continued his career as an illustrator after the war. Between World Wars I and II the magazine industry flourished in the United States, some of his drawings were used in Blue Book stories like “Lady on the Warpath, The Blackout Murder, A Matter of a Pinion, and Be Sure Your Sin Will Run You In. When World War II broke out Chickering put his talents to use contributing to the war effort, recognized for his illustrating ability working for the Army during the first world war he was commissioned by the government and designed recruitment posters for the Navy Department. Among his most famous posters was the Uncle Sam poster of 1942 and he also designing posters that promoted awareness and the need for successful civilian war production. After the war Chickering embarked on a career designing U. S. postage stamps when he began working for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, starting his career there on February 12,1947. In addition to the 77 stamps he designed Chickering is also credited as modeler for 41 U. S. issues designed by other artists, Chickering designed dozens of stamp issues most of which employed historic themes for their subjects. Project Mercury The Project Mercury stamp, issued on February 20,1962 and it was initially produced in quantities of 100 million stamps but because it proved to be so popular the U. S. Post Office ordered the printing of an additional 100 million, before the stamp was released to the public however the success of the space mission was still not a given and so the production of this commemorative stamp was done in secrecy. Brooks engraved the vignette, and A. W, christensen engraved the border design, the lettering and the numerals
19.
John Clymer
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John Ford Clymer was an American painter and illustrator known for his work that captured nature and the American West. Born in Ellensburg, Washington, Clymer first studied art through the Federal School correspondence course and he continued his study in Canada, where he spent eight years illustrating for Canadian magazines. While in the Marine Corps, he illustrated for Leatherneck Magazine and his work in advertising included paintings for White Horse Scotch Whisky, the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Chrysler Corporation. Clymer did 80 covers for The Saturday Evening Post, on a visit back home, out at Ellensburg, I noticed my young son, David, peering into a hole in an old poplar stump, looking for flickers nests. It immediately struck me as a possibility for a Post cover. So I painted it, sent it in to them, and they bought it, so I began to do a long series of Post covers -- approximately 80 of them over the next dozen years. My approach was to look for human interest subjects and then try to place them in a setting to fit the idea. Sometimes it would take a time to bring the two elements together. One early idea involved a boy playing in an abandoned auto chassis. Two years later, while driving through Jackson Hole in Wyoming, I noticed some old and it then struck me that this was a perfect spot for the old car. A Western boy would be brought up on horseback riding, but when he spotted the old auto body, there was only one drawback about doing covers for the Post. I had to be sure I knew all about everything included in a picture, there would always be someone like a telephone lineman whod write in and say, I dont think that was the kind of insulator they used in that area. The Post was good about those things, the only time I had to make a correction on a cover was when I sent in a picture that had an automobile in the foreground. I had completed everything, lights, chrome, trim, spokes, in 1976, Clymer received the Prix de West from the Academy of Western Art. His oils and charcoal drawings brought him medals from the Cowboy Artists of America and he was named Western Artist of the Year by the National Wildlife Art Collectors Society. In 1988 he was awarded the Rungius Medal from the National Museum of Wildlife Art for his painting Late Arrivals and he was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. Today, his work is on permanent exhibit at the Clymer Museum of Art, located at 416 North Pearl Street in Ellensburg, Washington. He is sometimes confused with John Clymer, an impressionist painter of landscapes, John Clymer collection at the National Museum of American Illustration The Clymer Museum & Gallery National Museum of Wildlife Art, Virtual tour of Clymer Studio
20.
J. C. Leyendecker
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Joseph Christian Leyendecker was one of the preeminent American illustrators of the early 20th century. He is best known for his poster, book and advertising illustrations, the character known as The Arrow Collar Man. Between 1896 and 1950, Leyendecker painted more than 400 magazine covers, during the Golden Age of American Illustration, for The Saturday Evening Post alone, J. C. Leyendecker produced 322 covers, as well as many advertisement illustrations for its interior pages, no other artist, until the arrival of Norman Rockwell two decades later, was so solidly identified with one publication. Leyendecker virtually invented the idea of modern magazine design. Joseph Christian Leyendecker was born on March 23,1874, at Montabaur in Southwest Germany, joseph was the first-born son, his brother Francis Xavier was born three years later. A sister, Augusta, the third and last child, arrived after the family emigrated to America, in 1882, the Leyendecker family immigrated to Chicago, Illinois, where Elizabeths uncle had founded the successful McAvoy Brewing Company. After studying drawing and anatomy under John H. Vanderpoel at the Chicago Art Institute, in 1899, the Leyendecker brothers returned to America and set up residence in an apartment in Hyde Park, Illinois. They had a studio in Chicagos Fine Arts Building at 410 South Michigan Ave, on May 20 of that year, Joe received his first commission for a Saturday Evening Post cover – the beginning of his forty-four-year association with the most popular magazine in the country. In 1900, Joe, Frank, and their sister Mary moved to New York City, then the center of the US commercial art, during the next decade, both brothers began lucrative long-term working relationships with apparel manufactures including Interwoven Socks, Hartmarx, B. Kuppenheimer & Co. and Cluett Peabody & Company, the latter resulted in Leyendeckers most important commission when he was hired to develop a series of images of the Arrow brand of shirt collars. Leyendecker often used his model and partner Charles Beach. Another important commission for Leyendecker was from Kelloggs, the breakfast food manufacturer, as part of a major advertising campaign, he created a series of twenty Kelloggs Kids to promote Kelloggs Corn Flakes. In 1914, the Leyendeckers, accompanied by Charles Beach, moved into a home and art studio in New Rochelle, New York. The 1920s were in many ways the apex of Leyendeckers career, modern advertising had come into its own, with Leyendecker widely regarded as among the preeminent American commercial artists. This popularity extended beyond the commercial, and into Leyendeckers personal life, the parties they hosted at their New Rochelle home/studio were important social and celebrity making events. As the 1920s marked the apex of J. C, Leyendeckers career, so the 1930s marked the beginning of its decline. Around 1930–31, Cluett, Peabody, & Co. ceased using Leyendeckers illustrations in its advertisements, now for shirts, during this time, the always shy Leyendecker became more and more reclusive, rarely speaking with people outside of his sister Mary Augusta and Charles
21.
John Emmet Sheridan
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His obituary in The New York Times states that he was credited with the idea of using posters to advertise college sports. Sheridan attended Georgetown University in the late 1890s, graduating in 1901, during World War I, he created many patriotic posters in support of the United States war effort as part of the committee of artists that also included Charles Dana Gibson and James Montgomery Flagg. Sheridan was art editor for the Washington Times and worked for the San Francisco Chronicle in the development of its first color Sunday supplement, between 1931 and 1939 he produced 13 cover illustrations for The Saturday Evening Post. As an advertising illustrator, Sheridan produced a number of advertisements, posters and seasonal style books for Hart Schaffner & Marx. As an artist of advertisements and magazine covers, Sheridan was not always free to sign his name to his art work. As a result, many of his illustrations contain only stylized monograms to identify the artist, Poster Design, A Critical Study of the Development of the Poster in Continental Europe, England and America
22.
Douglass Crockwell
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Douglass Crockwell, born Spencer Douglass Crockwell, was an American commercial artist and experimental filmmaker. He was most famous for his illustrations and advertisements for the Saturday Evening Post and for murals and he received a B. Sc. from the Washington University in St. Louis and studied at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts and the St. Louis School of Fine Arts. Crockwells paintings have featured in advertisements for Friskies dog food. For the latter, he was awarded a medal from the Art Directors Club in 1946. Crockwell created recruiting and other posters for various branches of the United States government during World War II and he also created poster art for the MGM film The Yearling. In 1934, Crockwell began experimenting with non-representational films while balancing his career as an illustrator and he initially wanted to creat flexible, low-cost animation techniques. In 1936–1937, he collaborated with David Smith, a sculptor, over the course of his career, Crockwell drew over four hundred full-page images, more than three billion prints of his works have been made. Experimental film The Saturday Evening Post Crockwell, Spencer Douglass, glens Falls, N. Y. Hyde Collection,1977
23.
N. C. Wyeth
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Newell Convers Wyeth, known as N. C. Wyeth, was an American artist and illustrator and he was the pupil of artist Howard Pyle and became one of Americas greatest illustrators. During his lifetime, Wyeth created over 3,000 paintings and illustrated 112 books,25 of them for Scribners, the Scribner Classics, the first of these, Treasure Island, was one of his masterpieces and the proceeds paid for his studio. Wyeth was a realist painter just as the camera and photography began to compete with his craft, sometimes seen as melodramatic, his illustrations were designed to be understood quickly. Wyeth, who was both a painter and an illustrator, understood the difference, and said in 1908, Painting and he is notably the father of painter Andrew Wyeth and the grandfather of Jamie Wyeth, both celebrated American painters. Wyeth was born in Needham, Massachusetts, an ancestor, Nicholas Wyeth, a stonemason, came to Massachusetts from England in 1645. His maternal ancestors came from Switzerland, and during his childhood, his mother was acquainted with literary giants Henry David Thoreau and his literary appreciation and artistic talents appear to have come from her. He was the oldest of four brothers who spent much time hunting, fishing, and enjoying outdoor pursuits. His mother encouraged his early inclination toward art, Wyeth was doing excellent watercolor paintings by the age of twelve. When two of his friends were accepted to Howard Pyles School of Art in Wilmington, Delaware and Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, Pyle was the father of American illustration, and Wyeth immediately meshed with his methods and ideals. Pyle stressed historical accuracy and tinged it with a romantic aura, but where Pyle painted in exquisite detail, Wyeth veered toward looser, quicker strokes and relied on ominous shadows and moody backgrounds. He probably picked up his technique from Pyle. Wyeths exuberant personality and talent made him a standout student, a robust, powerfully built young man with strangely delicate hands, he ate a lot less than his size implied. He admired great literature, music, and drama, and he enjoyed spirited conversation, a bucking bronco for the cover of The Saturday Evening Post on February 21,1903 was Wyeths first commission as an illustrator. That year he described his work as true, solid American subjects—nothing foreign about them and it was a spectacular accomplishment for the 20-year-old Wyeth, after just a few months under Pyles tutelage. In 1904, the magazine commissioned him to illustrate a Western story. In Colorado, he worked as a cowboy alongside the professional punchers, moving cattle and he visited the Navajo in Arizona and gained an understanding of Native American culture. When his money was stolen, he worked as a mail carrier and he wrote home, The life is wonderful, strange—the fascination of it clutches me like some unseen animal—it seems to whisper, Come back, you belong here, this is your real home
24.
Marge (cartoonist)
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Marjorie Henderson Buell was an American cartoonist who worked under the pen name Marge. She was best known as the creator of Little Lulu, marjorie Lyman Henderson was born in 1904 in Philadelphia. Homeschooled until she was 11 or 12, she and her two sisters had a talent for art, at 16 she sold her first cartoon to the Public Ledger. Her work appeared in magazines and other periodicals, including Colliers, Judge. She also created illustrations for Country Gentleman and Ladies Home Journal, by the late 1920s she worked under the name Marge and had a syndicated comic strip, The Boy Friend, her first syndicated comic strip, which ran from 1925 through 1926. This and another strip of hers, Dashing Dot, both featuring female leads, Marge was friends with Oz author Ruth Plumly Thompson and illustrated her fantasy novel King Kojo. In 1934 The Saturday Evening Post requested Buell to create a strip to replace Carl Andersons Henry, Buell created a little girl character in place of Henrys little boy as she believed a girl could get away with more fresh stunts that in a boy would seem boorish. The first single-panel instalment ran in the Post on February 23,1935, in it, Lulu appears as a girl at a wedding. The single-panel strip continued in the Post until the December 30,1944, issue, Buell retained the rights, unusual for the time. Buell marketed Little Lulu widely throughout the 1940s, Buell herself ceased drawing the strip in 1947, and in 1950 Little Lulu became a daily syndicated by Chicago Tribune–New York News Syndicate and ran until 1969. After she stopped drawing the strip, Buell herself only drew Lulu for the lucrative Kleenex advertisements, Paramount Pictures approached Buell in 1943 with a proposal to develop a series of animated shorts. She traveled to New York to meet with Paramount executives and tour the animation facilities, erskine, who became her business representative. The character appeared in books, animated cartoons, greeting cards. Little Lulu comic books, popular internationally, were translated into Arabic, Dutch, Finnish, French, Japanese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Buell stopped drawing Little Lulu in 1947, and the work was continued by others, while she kept creative control. Sketching and writing of the Little Lulu comic book series was taken on by John Stanley, Buell sold her Little Lulu rights to Western Publishing when she retired in 1971. In 1936, she married Clarence Addison Buell who had a career in the Bell Telephone Company, the couple had two sons, Larry, born in 1939, and Fred, born in 1942. She shied from the spotlight, rarely giving interviews or allowing publication of photos of herself and she also shied away from politics, and resisted requests from her sons to include progressive elements such as a black playmate for Lulu. After the sale of the Lulu copyrights in 1971, the Buell couple retired to Ohio, Buell died on May 30,1993, of lymphoma in Elyria, Ohio
25.
Joseph Barbera
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Through his young adult years, Barbera lived, attended college, and began his career in New York City. After working odd jobs and as a banker, Barbera joined Van Beuren Studios in 1932, in 1937, he moved to California and while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Barbera met William Hanna. The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry, in 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $12 million, but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991. At that time, the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System, Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards. Their cartoon shows have become icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films, books. Hanna-Barberas shows had an audience of over 300 million people in the 1960s and have been translated into more than 20 languages. His family moved to Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York when he was four months old and he had two younger brothers, Larry and Ted, both of whom served in World War II. As a member of the United States Army, Larry participated in the invasion of Sicily, Ted was a fighter pilot with the United States Army Air Forces and served in the Aleutian Islands Campaign. Barberas father, Vincent, was the owner of three barbershops who squandered the family fortunes on gambling. By the time Barbera was 15, his father had abandoned the family, Barbera displayed a talent for drawing as early as the first grade. He graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn in 1928, while in high school, Barbera won several boxing titles. He was briefly managed by World Lightweight Boxing Champion Al Singers manager, in 1935, Barbera married his high school sweetheart, Dorothy Earl. In school, they had known as Romeo and Juliet. Barbera and his wife briefly separated when he went to California and they reunited but were on the verge of another separation when they discovered that Dorothy was pregnant with their first child. They had 4 children, two sons and two daughters, the marriage officially ended in 1963. Shortly after his divorce, Barbera met his wife, Sheila Holden, at Musso & Franks restaurant. Unlike Dorothy, who had preferred to stay at home with the children, during high school, Barbera worked as a tailors delivery boy. During the Great Depression, he tried unsuccessfully to become a cartoonist for a magazine called The NY Hits Magazine and he supported himself with a job at a bank, and continued to pursue publication for his cartoons
26.
Irwin Caplan
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Caplan grew up in Seattles Madison Park neighborhood where his parents took note of his drawings and enrolled him in art classes. As a teenager, Caplan won $10 in a poster contest. He painted murals of a circus and Paul Bunyan on walls of the school, at the University of Washington, after he spent three years contributing to Columns, the Universitys humor magazine, the staff wanted him to be the editor. However, the faculty claimed the magazine needed new blood and designated as editor Lynn Scholes of Steilacoom, Washington, beginning in the Tank Force, he advanced to the Army Intelligence art department. He was the art director for Spokane’s Expo ’74, in the late 1940s through the early 1960s, Caplans distinctive, crisp cartoon style appeared in Colliers, Esquire, Liberty, Life, Parade and other leading publications. For the Sunday supplement magazine This Week, he contributed a regular weekly thematic grouping of cartoons, in addition to Famous Last Words, his other syndicated feature was 48 States of Mind. He taught art at the University of Washington School of Art, Caplan lived in Seattle with his wife and three children. He maintained a residence on Vashon Island in Washingtons Puget Sound. In January 1966, following heavy rains in the Pacific Northwest, an image of Caplans remaining wreckage was distributed to newspapers as an AP Wirephoto under the headlines, Mudslide Carries Half a House into Puget Sound and Its Now a Split Level. In 1972, he received the National Cartoonists Societys Advertising and Illustration Award, in November 1999, his artwork was exhibited at Tacomas Random Modern Gallery in its Northwest Art 1920-1962 survey exhibition. In 2005, the murals he painted in 1937 survived a renovation of Garfield High School, one small section showing two trapeze artists was left in place where it had been painted directly on concrete. Portions painted on plaster adhered to clay tile were removed because of safety concerns. Divided into four-by-four foot sections, the paintings were framed and auctioned. Caplan went back to look at the murals in 2003 and commented, I didn’t think they would stay in as good condition and have as much impact as they actually have. One story I remember from painting them was using a “flit” gun and we didn’t have airbrush in those days, and there was a lot of area to be covered. A flit gun is used to spray insecticide, but I dumped the insecticide out and it had a pump action and a little bucket that hung suspended along the tube. I painted during art periods, spraying away, and the kids in the class, cowboys and Engines A collection of automobile cartoons, published by Travelers Insurance
27.
Clyde Lamb
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Clyde William Lamb was an artist and cartoonist whose gag cartoons, signed Clyde Lamb, were published in leading magazines of the 1940s and 1950s. He also drew a comic strip during the 1950s. Born in Sidney, Montana, Lamb was drawing while he was in the Montana Industrial School for Boys at age 17, at age 19, in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1932, he was convicted of armed robbery and given a five-year sentence. After escaping 18 months later, he made his way to Hammond, while working there as a self-taught sign painter, he met and married Gladys Lamb on August 4,1934. Ten days after his marriage, he was arrested for armed robbery. As she passed the pears to her husband, Chief deputy sheriff Carroll Holley became suspicious, shot by a police officer when he was captured July 1935, he was returned to prison. Gladys Lamb filed for a divorce at Clydes insistence, which was granted on November 1,1937. She remarried and after Clyde was released June 24,1947, Lamb left for Glendive, Montana, to relatives and Gladys and Clyde Lamb remarried in Glendive. During the 1940s, Lamb began drawing while in prison and he was mentored by the prison director on techniques. At first Clyde Lamb painted oil landscapes of his beloved Montana and he was urged to sell his cartoons by the prison arts and crafts Director. While Clyde was in prison he successfully marketed his cartoons to The Saturday Evening Post, Colliers, The American Magazine, during the last year while incarcerated he made $11,000. His success and the publicity led directly to his release. Granted a new trial, he was convicted, but Judge William J. Murray at Crown Point gave him a suspended sentence. He was still wanted in Tennessee as a convict, but Tennessee Governor Jim Nance McCord commuted his sentence. On November 14,1949, Lamb launched his pantomime newspaper comic strip, Herman, as a daily, distributed by Iowas Register and Tribune Syndicate, Lambs strip was carried during the 1950s in 55 newspapers in the United States, India and Africa. In 1957, Lamb began Open Season, a gag cartoon panel about hunting and fishing. Lamb also created oil paintings of landscapes mainly oil on canvas of the upper northwest, Clyde also produced a cartoon strip about an elephant named Milicent. Many other cartoons appeared in magazines and mens sporting publications
28.
Jerry Marcus
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Jerry Marcus was a prolific freelance gag cartoonist who also created the syndicated newspaper comic strip, Trudy. After gaining the required weight, he joined the Navy and was assigned to the Seabees in the Philippines, after his 1946 discharge, he attended New Yorks Cartoonists and Illustrators School. As a freelancer, he was published in The New Yorker, Look, The Saturday Evening Post, Ladies Home Journal, when he launched Trudy in 1963, it was distributed to more than 75 newspapers by King Features Syndicate. Homemaker Trudy finds time to manage the house, her husband, their children and pets, Marcus was 81 when he died in 2005 after a long illness
29.
Frank O'Neal
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Frank ONeal is an American cartoonist best known for his comic strip Short Ribs which he drew from 1958 to 1973. Born in Springfield, Missouri, ONeal was kept on the move by his father. He graduated from school at the age of 15. Employed as a collector for a Washington newspaper when Pearl Harbor was attacked. In 1974 ONeal joined the Carmel Pine Cone, a newspaper in Carmel, CA, as the Advertising Manager. Following World War II, he worked in the flour and feed business. In 1948, he began studying in Santa Monica, California at the Jefferson Machamer School of Art, working odd jobs as a janitor, bellhop. While a student, he began to do advertising art and sell to magazines, in 1950, he sold his first cartoon to The Saturday Evening Post. After working as a freelance artist from 1950 to 1956, he spent a year-and-a-half doing television storyboards and his feature How to Bring Up Parents ran in Redbook for three years. He viewed Carmel as an environment and began to develop comic strip concepts to submit to syndicates. He submitted Short Ribs to NEA, and in November 1958, the Sunday and daily were soon carried in 400 newspapers. Success meant deadlines, but ONeal still found time for his hobbies, cars and he won the National Cartoonists Societys 1964 Humor Comic Strip Award for Short Ribs
30.
H. E. Bates
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Herbert Ernest Bates, CBE, better known as H. E. Bates, was an English writer and author. His best-known works include Love for Lydia, The Darling Buds of May, H. E. Bates was born on 16 May 1905 in Rushden, Northamptonshire, and educated at Kettering Grammar School. After leaving school, he worked as a reporter and a warehouse clerk, many of his stories depict life in the rural Midlands of England, particularly his native Northamptonshire. Bates was partial to taking walks around the Northamptonshire countryside. Bates was a lover of the countryside and this was exemplified in two volumes of essays entitled Through the Woods and Down the River. Both have been reprinted numerous times, there, late at night, he saw a light burning in a cottage window and it was this that triggered the story. This was sent to, and rejected by, eight or nine publishers until Jonathan Cape accepted it on the advice of its highly respected Reader, Bates was then twenty years old. More novels, collections of stories, essays, and articles followed. During World War II he was commissioned into the RAF solely to write short stories, the Air Ministry realised that the populace was less concerned with facts and figures about the war than it was with reading about those who were fighting it. The stories were published in the News Chronicle under the pseudonym of “Flying Officer X”. Later they were published in form as The Greatest People in the World and Other Stories and How Sleep the Brave. His first financial success was Fair Stood the Wind for France, following a posting to the Far East, this was followed by two novels about Burma, The Purple Plain in 1947 and The Jacaranda Tree, and one set in India, The Scarlet Sword. He was also commissioned by the Air Ministry to write Flying Bombs and it was eventually discovered by Bob Ogley and published in 1994. Another commission which has still to be published is Night Fighters, Other novels followed after the war, he averaged one novel and a collection of short stories a year, a prodigious feat. These included The Feast of July and Love for Lydia and his most popular creation was the Larkin family in The Darling Buds of May. Pop Larkin and his family were inspired by a character seen in a local shop in Kent by Bates. The man turned up to the shop with a wad of rubber-banded bank notes and proceeded to spoil his trailer load of children with Easter eggs. The television adaptation, produced after his death by his son Richard and it is also the source of the American movie The Mating Game with Tony Randall and Debbie Reynolds
31.
Ray Bradbury
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Ray Douglas Bradbury was an American fantasy, science fiction, horror and mystery fiction author and screenwriter. While most of his best known work is in speculative fiction, he wrote in other genres, such as the coming-of-age novel Dandelion Wine or the fictionalized memoir Green Shadows. Recipient of numerous awards, including a 2007 Pulitzer Citation, Bradbury also wrote and consulted on screenplays and television scripts, including Moby Dick, many of his works were adapted to comic book, television and film formats. On his death in 2012, The New York Times called Bradbury the writer most responsible for bringing modern science fiction into the literary mainstream. Bradbury was born on August 22,1920 in Waukegan, Illinois, to Esther Bradbury, a Swedish immigrant, and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury and he was given the middle name Douglas, after the actor Douglas Fairbanks. Bradbury was related to the American Shakespeare scholar Douglas Spaulding and was descended from Mary Bradbury, Bradbury was surrounded by an extended family during his early childhood and formative years in Waukegan, Illinois. An aunt read him stories when he was a child. This period provided foundations for both the author and his stories, in Bradburys works of fiction, 1920s Waukegan becomes Green Town, Illinois. The family arrived with only US$40, which paid for rent and this meant that they could stay, however, and Bradbury—who was in love with Hollywood—was ecstatic. Bradbury attended Los Angeles High School and was active in the drama club and he often roller-skated through Hollywood in hopes of meeting celebrities. Among the creative and talented people Bradbury met this way were special effects pioneer Ray Harryhausen, throughout his youth, Bradbury was an avid reader and writer and knew at a young age that he was going into one of the arts. Bradbury began writing his own stories at age eleven, during the Great Depression — sometimes writing on the available paper, butcher paper. In his youth, he spent much time in the Carnegie library in Waukegan, reading such authors as H. G. Wells, Jules Verne, at twelve, Bradbury began writing traditional horror stories and said he tried to imitate Poe until he was about eighteen. In addition to comics, he loved Edgar Rice Burroughs, creator of Tarzan of the Apes, the Warlord of Mars impressed him so much that at the age of twelve he wrote his own sequel. The young Bradbury was also a cartoonist and loved to illustrate and he wrote about Tarzan and drew his own Sunday panels. He listened to the radio show Chandu the Magician, and when the show went off the air every night he would sit, as a teen in Beverly Hills, he often visited his mentor and friend, science fiction writer Bob Olsen, sharing ideas and maintaining contact. In 1936, at a bookstore in Hollywood, Bradbury discovered a handbill promoting meetings of the Los Angeles Science Fiction Society. Excited to find there were others sharing his interest, Bradbury joined a weekly Thursday-night conclave at age sixteen, at age 17, Bradbury read stories published in Astounding Science Fiction, and read everything by Robert A. Heinlein, Arthur C
32.
Kay Boyle
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Kay Boyle was an American novelist, short story writer, educator, and political activist. The granddaughter of a publisher, Boyle was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, in later years Kay Boyle championed integration and civil rights. She advocated banning nuclear weapons, and American withdrawal from the Vietnam War, Boyle was educated at the exclusive Shipley School in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, then studied architecture at the Ohio Mechanics Institute in Cincinnati. Interested in the arts, she studied violin at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music before settling in New York City in 1922 where she found work as a writer/editor with a small magazine. That same year, she met and married a French exchange student, Richard Brault and this resulted in her staying in Europe for the better part of the next twenty years. Separated from her husband, she formed a relationship with magazine editor Ernest Walsh, in 1928 she met Laurence Vail, who was then married to Peggy Guggenheim. Boyle and Vail lived together between 1929 until 1932 when, following their divorces, they married, with Vail, she had three more children. During her years in France, Boyle was associated with several literary magazines and made friends with many of the writers. Among her friends were Harry and Caresse Crosby who owned the Black Sun Press and published her first work of fiction and they became such good friends that in 1928 Harry Crosby cashed in some stock dividends to help Boyle pay for an abortion. Other friends included Eugene and Maria Jolas, Boyle also wrote for transition, one of the preeminent literary publications of the day. A poet as well as a novelist, her early writings often reflected her lifelong search for love as well as her interest in the power relationships between men and women. Boyles short stories won two O. Henry Awards, in 1936, she wrote a novel, Death of a Man, an attack on the growing threat of Nazism, but at that time, no one in America was listening. In 1943, following her divorce from Laurence Vail, she married Baron Joseph von Franckenstein with whom she had two children, after having lived in France, Austria, England, and in Germany after World War II, Boyle returned to the United States. In the States, Boyle and her husband were victims of early 1950s McCarthyism and she was blacklisted by most of the major magazines. During this period, her life and writing became increasingly political and she and her husband were cleared by the United States Department of State in 1957. In the early 1960s, Boyle and her husband lived in Rowayton, Connecticut and he was then rehired by the State Department and posted to Iran, but died shortly thereafter in 1963. Boyle was a writer in residence at the New York City Writers Conference at Wagner College in 1962, in 1963, she accepted a creative writing position on the faculty of San Francisco State College, where she remained until 1979. During this period she became involved in political activism
33.
Agatha Christie
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Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, DBE was an English crime novelist, short story writer and playwright. She is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot. She also wrote the worlds longest-running play, a mystery, The Mousetrap. In 1971 she was made a Dame for her contribution to literature, Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon. She served in a hospital during the First World War before marrying and starting a family in London and she was initially an unsuccessful writer, but The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 featuring Hercule Poirot. Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time and her novels have sold roughly 2 billion copies, and her estate claims that her works come third in the rankings of the worlds most-widely published books, behind only Shakespeares works and the Bible. According to Index Translationum, she remains the most-translated individual author – having been translated into at least 103 languages. And Then There Were None is Christies best-selling novel, with 100 million sales to date, making it the worlds best-selling mystery ever, in 1955 Christie was the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of Americas highest honour, the Grand Master Award. Later the same year, Witness for the Prosecution received an Edgar Award by the MWA for Best Play, in 2013, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd was voted the best crime novel ever by 600 fellow writers of the Crime Writers Association. Most of her books and short stories have been adapted for television, radio, video games and comics, Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born on 15 September 1890, into a wealthy upper middle-class family in Ashfield, Torquay, Devon. Her mother, Clara Boehmer, was an Englishwoman who was born in Belfast in 1854 to Captain Frederick Boehmer and Mary Ann West, Clara Boehmer had four brothers, one of whom died young. Captain Boehmer was killed in an accident while stationed on Jersey in April 1863. Under financial strain, she sent Clara to live with her aunt Margaret Miller, the couple lived in Prinsted, West Sussex. Clara stayed with Margaret, and there she met her husband, an American stockbroker named Frederick Alvah Miller. Christies father Frederick was a member of the American upper class and he was considered personable and friendly by those who knew him. He soon developed a relationship with Clara, and they were married in April 1878. Clara soon purchased a villa in Torquay named Ashfield in which to raise her family, Christie described her childhood as very happy. She was surrounded by a series of strong and independent women from an early age
34.
Brian Cleeve
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Brian Brendon Talbot Cleeve was a prolific writer, whose published works include twenty-one novels and over a hundred short stories. He was also a broadcaster on RTÉ television. Son of an Irish father and English mother, he was born and he lived in South Africa during the early years of National Party rule and was expelled from the country because of his opposition to apartheid. In his early thirties he moved to Ireland where he lived for the remainder of his life, in late middle age he underwent a profound spiritual experience, which led him to embrace mysticism. He developed a model for the spiritual life based on the principle of obedience to the will of God, Brian Cleeve was born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, the second of three sons to Charles Edward Cleeve and his wife Josephine. Josephine was a native of Essex, where her family had lived for generations, Charles Cleeve, who was born in Limerick, Ireland, was a scion of a famous and wealthy family that ran several successful Irish enterprises in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Cleeves came from Canada originally and emigrated to Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century, as a result of labour troubles and the effects of the Irish Civil War, the Cleeve business failed and Charles moved with his family to England, where Brian was born in 1921. When he was two-and-a-half, Brians mother died and his grandparents, Alfred and Gertrude Talbot. At age eight, Cleeve was sent as a boarder to Selwyn House in Kent and he was by nature a free-thinker and he rejected the assumptions and prejudices that were then part and parcel of upper-middle class English life. His unwillingness to conform meant that life was very difficult for him. Instead, he ran away to sea, Cleeve led an eventful life during the next fifteen years. He served on the RMS Queen Mary as a waiter for several months. At age 17 he joined the Queens Own Cameron Highlanders as a private soldier, in 1940, he was selected for officer training, was commissioned into the Somerset Light Infantry, and sent to Kenya as a Second lieutenant in the Kings African Rifles. A year later he was court-martialled as a result of his objections to the treatment by colleagues of an African prisoner, stripped of his commission and sentenced to three years penal servitude, he was transferred to Wakefield Prison in Yorkshire. There, through the intervention of Sir Alexander Paterson, he was offered parole if he agreed to work for British Intelligence, for the remainder of the war he served as a counter-spy in neutral ports such as Lisbon and Dublin. As cover, he worked as a seaman in the Merchant Navy. In 1945, Cleeve took an Irish passport and came to Ireland where, a year later, they left Ireland with baby daughter Berenice on a protracted odyssey that took them to London, Sweden, the West Indies, and finally South Africa. In 1948, the family settled in Johannesburg where Cleeve and his set up their own perfume business
35.
William Faulkner
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William Cuthbert Faulkner was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays and he is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where he spent most of his life. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally, two of his works, A Fable and his last novel The Reivers, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Absalom, Absalom. is often included on similar lists, Faulkner was born William Cuthbert Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi, the first of four sons of Murry Cuthbert Falkner and Maud Butler. He had three brothers, Murry Charles Jack Falkner, author John Faulkner, and Dean Swift Falkner. Soon after his first birthday, his family moved to Ripley, Mississippi, Murry hoped to inherit the railroad from his father, John Wesley Thompson Falkner, but John had little confidence in Murrys ability to run a business and sold it for $75,000. Following the sale of the business, Murry became disappointed and planned a new start for his family by moving to Texas. Maud, however, disagreed with this proposition, and it was decided that they would move to Oxford, Mississippi, where Murrys father owned several businesses, making it easy for Murry to find work. Thus, four days prior to Williams fifth birthday on September 21,1902, the Falkner family settled in Oxford and his family, particularly his mother Maud, his maternal grandmother Lelia Butler, and Caroline Callie Barr crucially influenced the development of Faulkners artistic imagination. Both his mother and grandmother were avid readers and also painters and photographers, while Murry enjoyed the outdoors and encouraged his sons to hunt, track, and fish, Maud valued education and took pleasure in reading and going to church. She taught her sons to read before sending them to school and exposed them to classics such as Charles Dickens. Faulkners lifelong education by Callie Barr is central to his novels preoccupations with the politics of sexuality, as a schoolchild, Faulkner had much success early on. He excelled in the first grade, skipped the second, and continued doing well through the third, however, beginning somewhere in the fourth and fifth grades of his schooling, Faulkner became a much more quiet and withdrawn child. He began to play hooky occasionally and became indifferent to his schoolwork. The decline of his performance in school continued, and Faulkner wound up repeating the eleventh, and then final grade, Faulkner also spent much of his boyhood listening to stories told to him by his elders. These included war stories shared by the old men of Oxford and stories told by Barr of the Civil War, slavery, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Falkner family. Faulkners grandfather would tell him of the exploits of Williams great-grandfather, after whom he was named, William Clark Falkner, who was a successful businessman, writer. Telling stories about William Clark Falkner, whom the family called Old Colonel, had become something of a family pastime when Faulkner was a boy
36.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, known professionally as F. Scott Fitzgerald, was an American novelist and short story writer, whose works illustrate the Jazz Age. While he achieved limited success in his lifetime, he is now regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the Lost Generation of the 1920s and he finished four novels, This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby, and Tender Is the Night. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon, was published posthumously, Fitzgerald also wrote numerous short stories, many of which treat themes of youth and promise, and age and despair. He was also named after his sister, Louise Scott Fitzgerald. Well, three months before I was born, he wrote as an adult, my mother lost her two children. I think I started then to be a writer and his mother was Mary Molly McQuillan Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who had made his fortune in the wholesale grocery business. Fitzgerald was the first cousin once removed of Mary Surratt, hanged in 1865 for conspiring to assassinate Abraham Lincoln, Edward Fitzgerald had earlier worked as a wicker furniture salesman, he joined Procter & Gamble when the business failed. His parents, both Catholic, sent Fitzgerald to two Catholic schools on the West Side of Buffalo, first Holy Angels Convent and then Nardin Academy and his formative years in Buffalo revealed him to be a boy of unusual intelligence with a keen early interest in literature. His doting mother ensured that her son had all the advantages of an upper-middle-class upbringing and her inheritance and donations from an aunt allowed the family to live a comfortable lifestyle. In a rather unconventional style of parenting, Fitzgerald attended Holy Angels with the arrangement that he go for only half a day—and was allowed to choose which half. In 1908, his father was fired from Procter & Gamble, and the returned to Minnesota. When he was 13, he saw his first piece of writing appear in print—a detective story published in the school newspaper. In 1911, when Fitzgerald was 15 years old, his parents sent him to the Newman School, Fitzgerald played on the 1912 Newman football team. At Newman, he met Father Sigourney Fay, who noticed his incipient talent with the written word, after graduating from the Newman School in 1913, Fitzgerald decided to stay in New Jersey to continue his artistic development at Princeton University. He tried out for the football team, but was cut the first day of practice. He firmly dedicated himself at Princeton to honing his craft as a writer and he wrote for the Princeton Triangle Club, the Nassau Lit, and the Princeton Tiger. He also was involved in the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, which ran the Nassau Lit and his absorption in the Triangle—a kind of musical-comedy society—led to his submission of a novel to Charles Scribners Sons where the editor praised the writing but ultimately rejected the book
37.
C. S. Forester
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Two of the Hornblower books, A Ship of the Line and Flying Colours, were jointly awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction in 1938. His other works include The African Queen, Forester was born in Cairo and, after a family breakup at an early age, moved with his mother to London, where he was educated at Alleyns School and Dulwich College, south London. At Alleyns he may have been a contemporary of E. S. Hornblower, who died on active service with the Canadian Infantry in 1917. It is possible that as Cecil L. T. Smith and he began to study medicine at Guys Hospital, London, but left without completing his degree. Forester had always worn glasses and been thin, trying to enlist in the army, he failed his physical and was told there was not a chance that he would be accepted, even though he was of good height and somewhat athletic. Around 1921, after leaving Guys, he began writing seriously using his pen name, during World War II, Forester moved to the United States where he worked for the British Information Service and wrote propaganda to encourage the US to join the Allies. He eventually settled in Berkeley, California, while living in Washington, D. C. he met a young British intelligence officer named Roald Dahl in early 1942, whose experiences in the RAF he had heard about, and encouraged him to write about them. According to Dahls autobiographical Lucky Break, Forester asked Dahl about his experiences as a fighter pilot and this prompted Dahl to write his first story, A Piece of Cake. He is best known for the 12-book Horatio Hornblower series, depicting a Royal Navy officer during the Napoleonic wars and he began the series with Hornblower fairly high in rank in the first novel, published in 1937. The last completed novel was published in 1962, with demand for more stories, Forester filled in Hornblowers life story, in effect. Several of his works were filmed, including The African Queen, Forester is also credited as story writer for several movies not based on his published fiction, including Commandos Strike at Dawn. He wrote several volumes of stories set during the Second World War. Those in The Nightmare were based on events in Nazi Germany, stories in The Man in the Yellow Raft followed the career of the destroyer USS Boon, while many of those in Gold from Crete followed the destroyer HMS Apache. His non-fiction seafaring works include The Age of Fighting Sail, an account of the sea battles between Great Britain and the United States in the War of 1812, in addition to his novels of seafaring life, Forester published two crime novels and two childrens books. Poo-Poo and the Dragons was created as a series of stories told to his younger son George to encourage him to finish his meals, George had mild food allergies that kept him feeling unwell, and he needed encouragement to eat. The Barbary Pirates is a history of early 19th-century pirates. C. S. Forester appeared as a contestant on the TV quiz program You Bet Your Life, hosted by Groucho Marx, in an episode telecast on 1 November 1956. A lost novel of Foresters, The Pursued, was discovered in 2003 and he married Kathleen Belcher in 1926 and they had two sons, John and George Forester
38.
Robert A. Heinlein
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Robert Anson Heinlein was an American science-fiction writer. Often called the dean of science writers, his controversial works continue to have an influential effect on the genre. Heinlein became one of the first science-fiction writers to break into mainstream magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post in the late 1940s. He was one of the best-selling science-fiction novelists for many decades, and he, Isaac Asimov and he also speculated on the influence of space travel on human cultural practices. Heinlein was named the first Science Fiction Writers Grand Master in 1974 and he also anticipated mechanical Computer Aided Design with Drafting Dan and described a modern version of a waterbed in his novel The Door into Summer, though he never patented or built one. In the first chapter of the novel Space Cadet he anticipated the cell-phone,35 years before Motorola invented the technology, several of Heinleins works have been adapted for film and television. Heinlein was born on July 7,1907 to Rex Ivar Heinlein and Bam Lyle Heinlein, in Butler and he was a 6th-generation German-American, a family tradition had it that Heinleins fought in every American war starting with the War of Independence. His childhood was spent in Kansas City, Missouri, Heinleins experience in the U. S. Navy exerted a strong influence on his character and writing. He graduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland with the class of 1929 and he was assigned to the new aircraft carrier USS Lexington in 1931, where he worked in radio communications, then in its earlier phases, with the carriers aircraft. The captain of this carrier was Ernest J. King, who served as the Chief of Naval Operations and Commander-in-Chief. Heinlein was frequently interviewed during his later years by historians who asked him about Captain King. Heinlein also served aboard the destroyer USS Roper in 1933 and 1934, reaching the rank of lieutenant. His brother, Lawrence Heinlein, served in the U. S. Army, the U. S. Air Force, and the Missouri National Guard, in 1929, Heinlein married Elinor Curry of Kansas City in Los Angeles, and their marriage lasted about a year. His second marriage in 1932 to Leslyn MacDonald lasted for 15 years, in 1934, Heinlein was discharged from the Navy due to pulmonary tuberculosis. During a lengthy hospitalization, he developed a design for a waterbed, Heinlein supported himself at several occupations, including real estate sales and silver mining, but for some years found money in short supply. Heinlein was active in Upton Sinclairs socialist End Poverty in California movement in the early 1930s, when Sinclair gained the Democratic nomination for Governor of California in 1934, Heinlein worked actively in the campaign. Heinlein himself ran for the California State Assembly in 1938, but was unsuccessful, while not destitute after the campaign—he had a small disability pension from the Navy—Heinlein turned to writing in order to pay off his mortgage. His first published story, Life-Line, was printed in the August 1939 issue of Astounding Science-Fiction, originally written for a contest, it was instead sold to Astounding for significantly more than the contests first-prize payoff
39.
Kurt Vonnegut
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Kurt Vonnegut /kɜːrt ˈvʌnəɡət/, in full Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. was an American writer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published 14 novels and he is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel Slaughterhouse-Five. Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University, as part of his training, he studied mechanical engineering at Carnegie Institute of Technology and the University of Tennessee. He was then deployed to Europe to fight in World War II and he was interned in Dresden and survived the Allied bombing of the city by taking refuge in a meat locker of the slaughterhouse where he was imprisoned. After the war, Vonnegut married Jane Marie Cox, with whom he had three children and he later adopted his sisters three sons, after she died of cancer and her husband died in a train accident. Vonnegut published his first novel, Player Piano, in 1952, the novel was reviewed positively, but was not commercially successful. In the nearly 20 years that followed, Vonnegut published several novels that were marginally successful, such as Cats Cradle and God Bless You. Vonneguts magnum opus, however, was his successful sixth novel. The books antiwar sentiment resonated with its readers amidst the ongoing Vietnam War, after its release, Slaughterhouse-Five went to the top of The New York Times Best Seller list, thrusting Vonnegut into fame. He was invited to give speeches, lectures, and commencement addresses around the country and received many awards, later in his career, Vonnegut published several autobiographical essays and short-story collections, including Fates Worse Than Death, and A Man Without a Country. After his death, he was hailed as a morbidly comical commentator on the society in which he lived, Vonneguts son Mark published a compilation of his fathers unpublished compositions, titled Armageddon in Retrospect. Numerous scholarly works have examined Vonneguts writing and humor, Kurt Vonnegut Jr. was born on November 11,1922 in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was the youngest of three children of Kurt Vonnegut Sr. and his wife Edith and his older siblings were Bernard and Alice. Vonneguts mother was born into Indianapolis high society, as her family, thus, they did not teach their youngest son German or introduce him to German literature and tradition, leaving him feeling ignorant and rootless. Vonnegut later credited Ida Young, his familys African-American cook and housekeeper for the first 10 years of his life, for raising him, gave me decent moral instruction and was exceedingly nice to me. So she was as great an influence on me as anybody, Vonnegut described Young as humane and wise, adding that the compassionate, forgiving aspects of beliefs came from her. The financial security and social prosperity that the Vonneguts once enjoyed were destroyed in a matter of years, the Lieberss brewery was closed in 1921 after the advent of Prohibition in the United States. When the Great Depression hit, few people could afford to build, Vonneguts brother and sister had finished their primary and secondary educations in private schools, but Vonnegut was placed in a public school, called Public School No
40.
Paul Gallico
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Paul William Gallico was an American novelist, short story and sports writer. Many of his works were adapted for motion pictures and he is perhaps best remembered for The Snow Goose, his only real critical success, and for the novel The Poseidon Adventure, primarily through the 1972 film adaptation. Gallico was born in New York City and his father was the Italian concert pianist, composer and music teacher Paolo Gallico, and his mother, Hortense Erlich, came from Austria, they had emigrated to New York in 1895. Gallico graduated from Columbia University in 1919 and first achieved notice in the 1920s as a sportswriter, sports columnist, Gallicos career was launched by an interview with boxer Jack Dempsey in which he asked Dempsey to spar with him. Gallico described how it felt to be knocked out by the heavyweight champion and he followed up with accounts of catching Dizzy Deans fastball and golfing with Bobby Jones. He became one of the sportswriters in America. He founded the Golden Gloves amateur boxing competition and his book, Lou Gehrig, Pride of the Yankees was adapted into the sports movie The Pride of the Yankees, starring Gary Cooper and Teresa Wright. His novella The Snow Goose, and other works, are expanded versions of his magazine stories, Gallico once confessed to New York Magazine, Im a rotten novelist. I just like to tell stories and all my books tell stories, if I had lived 2,000 years ago Id be going around to caves, and Id say, Can I come in. In exchange, Ill tell you a story, once upon a time there were two apes. And Id tell them a story about two cavemen, in 1939, Gallico published The Adventures of Hiram Holliday, known for its later television adaptation with Wally Cox in the starring role and Ainslie Pryor as the supporting actor. It depicts the adventures of a modern American knight-errant visiting Europe on the verge of World War II and waging a single-handed. Gallicos Austrian background is evident in the books strong Habsburg Monarchist theme, the Snow Goose was published in 1941 in The Saturday Evening Post and won the O. Henry Award for short stories in 1941. Critic Robert van Gelder called it perhaps the most sentimental story that ever has achieved the dignity of a Borzoi imprint and it is a timeless legend that makes use of every timeless appeal that could be crowded into it. A public library puts it on a list of tearjerkers and his short story, The Man Who Hated People was reworked into his book Love of Seven Dolls, which was adapted into the Oscar-winning motion picture Lili, and later staged as the musical Carnival. The versions, while differing, share a core surrounding the girl. The puppeteer, communicating with Lili through his puppets as a voice, develops a vehicle whereby each of them can freely express their inner pain. In the 1950s, Gallico spent time in Liechtenstein, where he wrote Ludmila and his novel Mrs. Arris Goes to Paris was a bestseller, and became the first of four books about the lovable charwoman, Mrs. Arris
41.
Louis L'Amour
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Louis Dearborn LAmour was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels, however, he wrote historical fiction, science fiction, non-fiction. Many of his stories were made into film, John Wayne once said he was the most interesting man in the world. LAmours books remain popular and most have gone through multiple printings, at the time of his death almost all of his 105 existing works were still in print, and he was considered one of the worlds most popular writers. Louis Dearborn LaMoore was born in Jamestown, North Dakota, in 1908 and he was of French ancestry through his father and Irish through his mother. Dr. LaMoore was a veterinarian, local politician and farm-equipment broker who had arrived in Dakota Territory in 1882. Although the area around Jamestown was mostly farm land, cowboys and livestock often traveled through Jamestown on their way to or from ranches in Montana and the markets to the east. LAmour once said, enabled me to go into school with a deal of knowledge that even my teachers didnt have about wars. After a series of bank failures devastated the economy of the upper Midwest, Dr. LaMoore, removing Louis and his adopted brother John from school, they headed south in the winter of 1923. Making his way as a mine assessment worker, professional boxer and merchant seaman, Louis traveled the country and the world, sometimes with his family, sometimes not. He visited all of the states plus England, Japan, China, Borneo, the Dutch East Indies, Arabia, Egypt. There, he changed his name to Louis LAmour and settled down to try to make something of himself as a writer. He had success with poetry, articles on boxing and writing and editing sections of the WPA Guide Book to Oklahoma, finally, LAmour placed a story, Death Westbound, in a magazine that was very much the Playboy of its day. 10 Story Book featured what was supposed to be quality writing alongside scantily attired, several years later, LAmour placed his first story for pay, Anything for a Pal, published in True Gang Life. Two lean disappointing years passed after that, and then, in 1938, along with other adventure and crime stories, LAmour created the character of mercenary sea captain Jim Mayo. Starting with East of Gorontalo, the series ran nine episodes from 1940 until 1943. Surprisingly, given his career, LAmour wrote only one story in the western genre prior to World War II. LAmour continued as an itinerant worker, traveling the world as a merchant seaman until the start of World War II, during World War II, he served in the United States Army as a Lieutenant with the 3622nd Quartermaster Truck Company
