1.
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
2.
The Seattle Times Company
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The Seattle Times Company is a privately owned publisher of daily and weekly newspapers in the U. S. state of Washington. Founded in Seattle, Washington in 1896, the company is now in its fourth and fifth generations of ownership by the Blethen family, in its headquarters city of Seattle, the company owns the Washingtons largest-circulation daily newspaper, The Seattle Times. Elsewhere in Washington, the company owns the Yakima Herald-Republic and Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, maine-native schoolteacher and attorney Alden J. Blethen bought the Seattle Press-Times in 1896, renaming it the Seattle Daily Times and doubling its circulation to 7,000 six months later. When he died in 1915, the Times circulation was 70,000, the two smaller dailies were added much later. The Walla Walla Union-Bulletin was purchased from the Kelly family in 1971, the Seattle Times Company acquired Issaquah Press Inc. July 1,1995, from Pacific Media Group, originally consisting of one newspaper, the King County chain added two more in the 1990s. Based at 45 Front Street South, Issaquah, Washington, the company and its newspapers will cease publication in February 2017. The Issaquah Press Founded in 1900, The Issaquah Press is the newspaper of record for Issaquah and it reaches 20,000 homes in Issaquah every week. Newcastle News Only five years after the incorporation of the city of Newcastle, Washington, the Newcastle News is now mailed free to 5,000 homes in Newcastle. Sammamish Review Founded as a monthly in 1992, the Sammamish Review has been a weekly since 2007 and is delivered, free, to 15,000 homes in Sammamish, Washington, SnoValley Star The SnoValley Stars first issue was published March 6,2008. The free-distribution weekly newspaper reaches 12,400 homes and businesses in North Bend and Snoqualmie, in addition to various websites associated with its newspaper properties, The Seattle Times Company also owns Rotary Offset Press, a printing company in Kent, Washington. For about a decade, from 1998 to mid-2009, The Seattle Times Company owned three daily newspapers and three weeklies in the state of Maine, as part of a subsidiary called Blethen Maine Newspapers and it sold these properties to private investors in 2009, who formed MaineToday Media. Blethen Maine Newspapers was built in one acquisition, Seattle Times purchase of all the formerly published by Guy Gannett Communications. Guy Gannett managers said they sold to The Seattle Times Company because of shared values—both companies were fourth-generation family-owned news organizations and this purchase was estimated to have cost about $213 million. The Seattle Times Company Website The Seattle Times Website
3.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
4.
Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, Washington was named after President George Washington by an act of the United States Congress during the creation of Washington Territory in 1853. Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president, confusion over the state of Washington and the city of Washington, D. C. led to renaming proposals during the statehood process for Washington in 1889, which failed to garner support. Washington, D. C. s own statehood movement in the 21st century includes a proposal to use the name State of Washington, Douglass Commonwealth, which would conflict with the current state of Washington. To distinguish it from the capital, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington state, or, in more formal contexts. Residents of Washington and the Pacific Northwest simply refer to the state as Washington, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
7.
OCLC
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The Online Computer Library Center is a US-based nonprofit cooperative organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the worlds information and reducing information costs. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries have to pay for its services, the group first met on July 5,1967 on the campus of the Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization. The group hired Frederick G. Kilgour, a former Yale University medical school librarian, Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. The goal of network and database was to bring libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the worlds information in order to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26,1971 and this was the first occurrence of online cataloging by any library worldwide. Membership in OCLC is based on use of services and contribution of data, between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States. As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside of Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with networks, organizations that provided training, support, by 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on OCLC Members Council, in early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center. OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. org, in October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record. The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988, a browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013, it was replaced by the Classify Service. S. The reference management service QuestionPoint provides libraries with tools to communicate with users and this around-the-clock reference service is provided by a cooperative of participating global libraries. OCLC has produced cards for members since 1971 with its shared online catalog. OCLC commercially sells software, e. g. CONTENTdm for managing digital collections, OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications and these publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organizations website. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, membership Reports – A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding
8.
Pacific Northwest
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The Pacific Northwest, sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Though no agreed boundary exists, a common conception includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader conceptions reach north into Alaska and Yukon, south into far northern California and east to the Continental Divide, thus including Idaho, Western Montana, narrower conceptions may be limited to the northwestern US or to the coastal areas west of the Cascade and Coast mountains. The variety of definitions can be attributed to partially overlapping commonalities of the history, geography, society. The Northwest Coast is the region of the Pacific Northwest. The term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory or the Northwest Territories of Canada. The border — in two sections, along the 49th parallel south of British Columbia and the Alaska Panhandle west of northern British Columbia — has had an effect on the region. According to Canadian historian Ken Coates, the border has not merely influenced the Pacific Northwest—rather, definitions of the Pacific Northwest region vary, and there is no commonly agreed-upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common conception of the Pacific Northwest includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington as well as the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader definitions of the region may include the U. S. state of Alaska, the Canadian territory of Yukon, the portion of the state of California. Definitions based on the historic Oregon Country reach east to the Continental Divide, thus including all of Idaho and parts of western Montana. Sometimes the Pacific Northwest is defined as being the Northwestern United States, often these definitions are made by government agencies whose scope is limited to the United States. Some definitions include, in addition to Washington, Oregon, Idaho and British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, western Montana, the coast of northern California, the Pacific Northwest has been occupied by a diverse array of indigenous peoples for millennia. The Pacific Coast is seen by scholars as a major coastal migration route in the settlement of the Americas by late Pleistocene peoples moving from northeast Asia into the Americas. Other evidence for human occupation dating back as much as 14,500 years ago is emerging from Paisley Caves in south-central Oregon, however, despite such research, the coastal migration hypothesis is still subject to considerable debate. Due in part to the richness of Pacific Northwest Coast and river fisheries, in the interior of the Pacific Northwest, the indigenous peoples, at the time of European contact, had a diversity of cultures and societies. Some areas were home to mobile and egalitarian societies, others, especially along major rivers such as the Columbia and Fraser, had very complex, affluent, sedentary societies rivaling those of the coast. In British Columbia and Southeast Alaska, the Tlingit and Haida erected large, throughout the Pacific Northwest, thousands of indigenous people live, and some continue to practice their rich cultural traditions, organizing their societies around cedar and salmon
9.
Maine
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Maine is the northernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Maine is the 39th most extensive and the 41st most populous of the U. S. states and territories and it is bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the north. Maine is the easternmost state in the contiguous United States, and it is known for its jagged, rocky coastline, low, rolling mountains, heavily forested interior, and picturesque waterways, and also its seafood cuisine, especially clams and lobster. There is a continental climate throughout the state, even in areas such as its most populous city of Portland. For thousands of years, indigenous peoples were the inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine. At the time of European arrival in what is now Maine, the first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement was the short-lived Popham Colony, established by the Plymouth Company in 1607, as Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements had survived. Loyalist and Patriot forces contended for Maines territory during the American Revolution, Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from Massachusetts to become an independent state. On March 15,1820, it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state under the Missouri Compromise, there is no definitive explanation for the origin of the name Maine, but the most likely origin is the name given by early explorers after a province in France. Whatever the origin, the name was fixed for English settlers in 1665 when the English Kings Commissioners ordered that the Province of Maine be entered from then on in official records. The state legislature in 2001 adopted a resolution establishing Franco-American Day, other theories mention earlier places with similar names, or claim it is a nautical reference to the mainland. Attempts to uncover the history of the name of Maine began with James Sullivans 1795 History of the District of Maine. He made the allegation that the Province of Maine was a compliment to the queen of Charles I, Henrietta Maria. MAINE appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 in reference to the county of Dorset, the view generally held among British place name scholars is that Mayne in Dorset is Brythonic, corresponding to modern Welsh maen, plural main or meini. Some early spellings are, MAINE1086, MEINE1200, MEINES1204, mason had served with the Royal Navy in the Orkney Islands where the chief island is called Mainland, a possible name derivation for these English sailors. Initially, several tracts along the coast of New England were referred to as Main or Maine, Maine is the only state whose name has exactly one syllable. The original inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine were Algonquian-speaking Wabanaki peoples, including the Abenaki, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet and Penobscot, who had a loose confederacy. European contact with what is now called Maine started around 1200 CE when Norwegians interacted with the native Penobscot in present-day Hancock County, most likely through trade
10.
Times Square Building
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The Times Square Building, formerly the Times Building, is a registered landmark building in Seattle, Washington. It was completed in 1916 and housed editorial operations of the Seattle Times newspaper, located at 414 Olive Way, it is entirely surrounded by streets, 4th Avenue, Olive Way, Stewart Street and 5th Avenue. The building has a Beaux-Arts design and flatiron shape, designed by the Seattle architects Bebb and Gould, the Times Square building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and was designated a city landmark in 1984. Notes Further reading Vance Corporation data sheet Seattle Post-Intelligencer article praising the structure Phorio datasheet View ca.1930
11.
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
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The Seattle Post-Intelligencer is an online newspaper and former print newspaper covering Seattle, Washington, United States, and the surrounding metropolitan area. The newspaper was founded in 1863 as the weekly Seattle Gazette and it was long one of the citys two daily newspapers, along with The Seattle Times, until it became an online-only publication on March 18,2009. J. R. Watson founded the P-I, Seattles first newspaper, on December 10,1863, the paper failed after a few years and was renamed the Weekly Intelligencer in 1867 by the new owner, Sam Maxwell. In 1878, after publishing the Intelligencer as a morning daily, Hanford also acquired the daily Puget Sound Dispatch and the weekly Pacific Tribune and folded both papers into the Intelligencer. In 1881, the Intelligencer merged with the Seattle Post, the names were combined to form the present-day name. In 1886, Indiana businessman Leigh S. J. Hunt came to Seattle and purchased the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, circulation stood at 31,000 in 1911. In 1912, editor Eric W. Allen left the paper to found the University of Oregon School of Journalism, William Randolph Hearst took over the paper in 1921, and the Hearst Corporation owns the P-I to this day. Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt had a relationship with the P-I. In 1936,35 P-I writers and members of The Newspaper Guild went on strike against arbitrary dismissals and assignment changes. The International Brotherhood of Teamsters joined the strike in solidarity, Roger Simpson and William Ames co-wrote their book Unionism or Hearst, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer Strike of 1936 on the topic. Also in 1936, their son-in-law Clarence John Boettiger took over as publisher and he brought his wife Anna, the Roosevelts daughter, to also work at the paper. Anna became editor of the womens page, Boettiger left Seattle to enter the U. S. Army in April 1943, while Anna stayed at the paper to help keep a liberal voice in the running of the paper. After Boettigers absence, the paper increasingly turned conservative with Hearsts new acting publisher, Anna left Seattle in December 1943 to live in the White House with her youngest child, Johnny. This effectively ended the Roosevelt-Boettiger ties with the P-I, on December 15,2006, no copies were printed as a result of a power outage caused by the December 2006 Pacific Northwest storms. It was the first time in 70 years that publication had been suspended, on January 9,2009, the Hearst Corporation announced that after losing money on it every year since 2000, Hearst was putting the P-I up for sale. Analysts did not expect a buyer to be found, in view of declining circulation in the U. S. newspaper industry and other newspapers on the market going unsold. Five days before the 60-day deadline, the P-I reported that the Hearst Corporation had given several P-I reporters provisional job offers for an edition of the P-I. On March 16,2009, the posted a headline on its front page, followed shortly after by a short news story
12.
Knight Ridder
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Knight Ridder /ˈrɪdər/ was an American media company, specializing in newspaper and Internet publishing. Until it was bought by The McClatchy Company on June 27,2006, it was the second-largest newspaper publisher in the United States and its headquarters were located in San Jose, California. The corporate ancestors of Knight Ridder were Knight Newspapers, Inc. and Ridder Publications, the first company was founded by John S. As anti-German sentiment increased in the period, Ridder successfully transitioned into English language publishing by acquiring The Journal of Commerce in 1926. Both companies went public in 1969 and merged on July 11,1974, for a brief time, the combined company was the largest newspaper publisher in the United States. Knight Ridder had a history of innovation in technology. It was the first newspaper publisher to experiment with videotex when it launched its Viewtron system in 1983, after investing six years of research and $50 million into the service, Knight Ridder shut down Viewtron in 1986 when the services interactivity features proved more popular than news delivery. Knight-Ridder purchased Dialog Information Services Inc. from Lockheed Corporation in August 1988, in October 1988, the company placed its eight broadcast television stations up for sale to reduce debt and to pay for the purchase of Dialog. It was, at the time, the most expensive acquisition in history. For most of its existence, the company was based in Miami, the internet division had been established there three years earlier. The company rented several floors in a downtown high-rise as its new corporate base, in November 2005, the company announced plans for strategic initiatives, which involved the possible sale of the company. This came after three major institutional shareholders publicly urged management to put the company up for sale, at the time, the company had a higher profit margin than many Fortune 500 companies, including ExxonMobil. On March 13,2006, The McClatchy Company announced its agreement to purchase Knight Ridder for a price of $6.5 billion in cash, stock. The deal gave McClatchy 32 daily newspapers in 29 markets, with a circulation of 3.3 million. However, for reasons, McClatchy decided immediately to resell twelve of these papers. On April 26,2006, McClatchy announced it was selling the San Jose Mercury News, Contra Costa Times, Monterey Herald, merged with PressLink to become MediaStream. Merged with Vu/Text to become MediaStream, acquired by Global Financial trading as Bridge Data. RealCities was a website for Knight-Ridder group
13.
Pulitzer Prize
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The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
14.
2014 Oso mudslide
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A major landslide occurred 4 miles east of Oso, Washington, United States, on March 22,2014, at 10,37 a. m. local time. Forty-three people were killed and 49 homes and other structures destroyed and it also dammed the river, causing extensive flooding upstream as well as blocking State Route 530, the main route to the town of Darrington, approximately 15 miles east of Oso. Excluding landslides caused by eruptions, earthquakes or dam collapses. The Hazel Landslide has a history of instability dating to 1937, prior to the March 2014 mudslide, the Oso area had had heavy rainfall during the previous 45 days, up to 200 percent of normal. The slide, described by witnesses as a wall of mud, contained trees and other debris. A firefighter at the stated, When the slide hit the river. A Washington state geologist stated the slide was one of the largest landslides he had personally seen, the mud, soil and rock debris left from the mudslide covered an area 1,500 ft long,4,400 ft wide and deposited debris 30 to 70 ft deep. A national geologist stated the flow of the landslide was extreme because of the extraordinary run-out of mud, while the landslide was well documented, a research team from the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance announced in April 2014 that it would investigate the factors contributing to the slide. Over 600 personnel, including more than 160 volunteers, worked on landslide recovery operations, late in the evening of March 22,2014, Washingtons Lieutenant Governor Brad Owen declared a state of emergency in Snohomish County. Washington state Governor Jay Inslee toured the area by air the day before joining county officials at a news conference. On March 22, the day of the slide, eight people were rescued, while the official search for victims ended in April 2014, workers and volunteers continued to screen debris and look for one victim still unaccounted for. As of July 22, the Snohomish County Sheriffs Office confirmed 43 fatalities after remains of the victim had been located and identified. The slide blocked the North Fork of the Stillaguamish River, causing it to back up eastward, because of concerns that the mud and debris dam could fail and cause downstream flooding, the National Weather Service issued a flash flood watch. On April 2, with the river flowing in a new channel at the end of the debris dam. Flooding due to the obstructed river continued to occur upstream of the debris dam. As a result, the NWS continued to flood warnings for the Stillaguamish one month after the March 2014 slide. The highway was cleared enough by May 31 to open one lane of escorted traffic, because the highway was badly damaged, and because the topography of the area had been altered by the landslide, WSDOT decided to elevate that section of the highway when it was rebuilt. As of July 27, the first of four stages in rebuilding the highway had been completed, the new roadway was opened September 22, and the project was expected to be finished in early October 2014
15.
Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting
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It is administered by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York City. From 1953 through 1963, the category was known as The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, from 1964 to 1984, it was known as The Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award,1953, Edward J. Mowery, New York World-Telegram & Sun, for his reporting of the facts which brought vindication and freedom to Louis Hoffner. 1954, Alvin McCoy, The Kansas City Star, for a series of stories which led to the resignation under fire of C. Wesley Roberts as Republican National Chairman. 1955, Roland Kenneth Towery, Cuero Record, for his series of articles exposing a scandal in the administration of the Veterans Land Program in Texas. 1956, Arthur Daley, The New York Times, for his coverage and commentary on the world of sports in his daily column. They fulfilled their assignments despite great handicaps and the risk of reprisal from lawless elements,1960, Miriam Ottenberg, Evening Star, for a series of seven articles exposing a used-car racket in Washington, D. C. that victimized many unwary buyers. The series led to new regulations to protect the public and served to alert other communities to such sharp practices, the series brought about reforms that attracted nationwide attention. 1962, George Bliss, Chicago Tribune, for his initiative in uncovering scandals in the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, with resultant remedial action. 1963, Oscar Griffin, Jr.1964, James V. Magee, Albert V.1965, Gene Goltz, Houston Post, for his expose of government corruption Pasadena, Texas, which resulted in widespread reforms. 1966, John Anthony Frasca, Tampa Tribune, for his investigation,1967, Gene Miller, Miami Herald, for initiative and investigative reporting that helped to free two persons wrongfully convicted of murder. 1968, J. Anthony Lukas, The New York Times, for the document he wrote in his investigation of the life. 1969, Al Delugach and Denny Walsh, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, for their campaign against fraud and abuse of power within the St. Louis Steamfitters Union, Local 562. 1970, Harold Eugene Martin, Montgomery Advertiser and Alabama Journal, for his expose of a scheme for using Alabama prisoners for drug experimentation. 1971, William Jones, Chicago Tribune, for exposing collusion between police and some of Chicagos largest private companies to restrict service in low income areas. 1972, Timothy Leland, Gerard M. ONeill, Stephen A. Kurkjian and Ann Desantis, Boston Globe, for their exposure of corruption in Somerville. 1974, William Sherman, New York Daily News, for his investigative reporting in the exposure of extreme abuse of the New York Medicaid program. 1975, Indianapolis Star, for its disclosures of local corruption and dilatory law enforcement
16.
Lakewood, Washington
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Lakewood is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The population was 58,163 at the 2010 census, Lakewood was officially incorporated on February 28,1996. Historical names include Tacoma/Lakewood Center and Lakes District, Lakewood is located at 47°10′N 122°32′W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 18.95 square miles. There are several lakes within the city limits, the largest in area are American Lake, Lake Steilacoom, Gravelly Lake, Lake Louise, a number of small creeks flow through Lakewood, some of which drain into nearby Puget Sound. The largest of these, Chambers Creek, flows from Lake Steilacoom to Chambers Bay between nearby University Place and Steilacoom, the western terminus of State Route 512 is in Lakewood, at its intersection with Interstate 5. The proposed State Route 704 would be the other state highway entering the city. In 2004, the City of Lakewood formed the communitys first Police Department, as of the census of 2010, there were 58,163 people,24,069 households, and 14,412 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,387.5 inhabitants per square mile, there were 26,548 housing units at an average density of 1,546.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 59. 3% White,11. 8% African American,1. 3% Native American,9. 0% Asian,2. 6% Pacific Islander,7. 3% from other races, and 8. 7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 3% of the population,32. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the family size was 2.98. The median age in the city was 36.6 years. 22. 7% of residents were under the age of 18,10. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,26. 4% were from 25 to 44,26. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 13. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 0% male and 51. 0% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 58,211 people,23,792 households, and 15,084 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,401.3 people per square mile, there were 25,396 housing units at an average density of 1,483.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 64. 82% White,12. 25% African American,8. 95% Asian,1. 84% Pacific Islander,1. 55% Native American,3. 55% from other races, and 7. 04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8. 49% of the population,29. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
17.
Sarah Hughes
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Sarah Elizabeth Hughes is an American former figure skater. She is the 2001 World bronze medalist in singles and the 2002 Olympic Champion in the same event. Hughes was born in Great Neck, New York, a suburb of New York City and her father, John Hughes, is a Canadian of Irish descent and was one of the captains of the undefeated and untied NCAA champion 1969–70 Cornell University ice hockey team. Her mother, Amy Pastarnack, is Jewish and is a breast cancer survivor and this led Sarah Hughes to become an advocate for breast cancer awareness. She appeared in a commercial for General Electric promoting breast cancer awareness, Hughes stated, I always said that if I can get one person to get a mammogram, Ive accomplished something. Among the other causes Hughes supports are Figure Skating in Harlem, Hughes has supported this program for over ten years. Hughes attended Great Neck North High School, in 2003, she began her studies at Yale University. On May 25,2009, Hughes graduated from Yale and received a degree in American studies with a concentration in U. S. politics. She currently is a student at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, Sarah Hughes is the fourth of six children. One of her sisters, Emily, is also a figure skater. In December 2012, her older brother Matt, graduated from the academy and is currently an NYPD officer. She is the cousin of Gregg Opie Hughes, from the Opie & Anthony show, Sarah Hughes began skating at the age of three. Robin Wagner, who also choreographed for her from 1994, became her coach in January 1998. Hughes won the title at the 1998 U. S. The following season, she competed on the ISU Junior Grand Prix and she also took silver at the 1999 World Junior Championships held in November 1998. At the 1999 U. S. Championships, Hughes won the medal in her senior-level debut. Hughes was likewise not age-eligible but at the time a loophole existed for skaters who had medaled at Junior Worlds, Hughes was sent to senior Worlds and finished 7th in her debut. In the 1999–2000 season, Hughes made her Grand Prix debut and she won the bronze medal at the 2000 U. S
18.
Figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games
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Medals awarded Thursday, February 14,2002 Yagudin received 5. 9s and 6. 0s for his free skating after World Champion Plushenko had made several errors in both the short program and the free skating. Kwan led after the program but slipped to third after two jumping errors. American Sasha Cohen finished fourth, after a fall on the end of a triple lutz-triple toe combination. Slutskaya became only the second Russian to medal in the event at the Olympics. Hughes and Slutskaya finished with tie scores, Hughes winning the medal on a tiebreaker for having won the free skating in a close result. The Russian skating federation filed a protest over the results for a second ladies gold to the ISU, a controversial decision was taken which extended the Russian dominance of pair skating at the Olympics. Salé/Pelletier were the favorites and skated a flawless program, while Berezhnaya/Sikharulidze, skating a program with more complex choreography. Minutes before the Russians went on, Salé accidentally collided with Sikharulidze. Judges from Russia, the Peoples Republic of China, Poland, Ukraine, and France placed the Russians first, judges from the United States, Canada, Germany, and Japan gave the nod to the Canadians. The International Skating Union announced a day after the competition that it would conduct an assessment into the judging decision. Berezhnaya and Sikharulidze were allowed to keep their gold medal as well, complicating the issue is Le Gougnes subsequent recanting of her story of collusion. The following are the final amended results, not the original results and it was the first gold in Olympic figure skating for France since 1932. The first compulsory dance was the Quickstep
19.
Michelle Kwan
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Michelle Wingshan Kwan is an American retired figure skater. She is a two-time Olympic medalist, five-time World champion and nine-time U. S. champion and she competed at a high level for over a decade and is the most decorated figure skater in U. S. history. Known for her consistency and expressive artistry on ice, she is considered one of the greatest figure skaters of all time. For well over a decade, Kwan maintained her status not only as Americas most popular figure skater, during her reign Kwan landed numerous major endorsement deals, starred in multiple TV specials and was the subject of extensive media coverage. From 1997 to 2005, she was the U. S, Figure Skating Associations top-paid skater in appearance fees and prize money, as well as one of the highest paid Winter Olympic athletes in endorsements. Kwan was also the highest paid skater on the Champions on Ice tours, born in Torrance, California, Michelle is the third child of Danny Kwan and Estella Kwan, immigrants from Hong Kong. As a child, Kwan grew up speaking a mixture of Cantonese, Kwan’s interest in figure skating began at the age of five when she followed her two older siblings onto the ice. Karen and Michelle began serious training when Michelle was about eight years old. They practiced three to four hours a day, waking up at 4, 30am and arriving at the rink at 5, 00am to skate before school, paying for their increased skating-rink time led to financial hardship for Kwan’s working-class family. Kwan attended Soleado Elementary School in Palos Verdes, California, but left school to be homeschooled in 1994. After graduation from Rim of the World High School in 1998, in the fall of 2006, she transferred to the University of Denver. In June 2009, she graduated from Denvers Josef Korbel School of International Studies with a degree in international studies. In 2009, she began studies in international relations at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. On May 8,2010, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Southern Vermont College, Kwan won five World Championships, tying her with Carol Heiss for the most world titles by an American. Kwans nine world medals overall is the record for an American skater in any discipline. The only ladies singles skater with more titles or medals is Sonia Henie of Norway. Kwan won nine U. S. Championships, tying the record for most wins set by Maribel Vinson-Owen and she holds the record for the most consecutive U. S. titles and most consecutive U. S. She also earned the medal at the 1998 Nagano Olympics
20.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883. The Republicans supported the pietistic Protestants who demanded Prohibition, nevertheless, by 1890 the Republicans had agreed to the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission in response to complaints from owners of small businesses and farmers
21.
Washington gubernatorial election, 2012
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The 2012 Washington Gubernatorial Election took place on November 6,2012. The two candidates who received the most votes in the primary qualified for the general election. Incumbent Governor Christine Gregoire decided to retire rather then seek a third term, on March 20,2012, Jay Inslee left Congress to focus on his campaign for Governor of Washington. Inslee competed against Republican Rob McKenna in the election, which took place on November 7. Inslee won the election, and McKenna conceded three days later, Jay Inslee, U. S. Lopez Rob McKenna, Attorney General of Washington Max Sampson Dave Reichert, U. S. Inslee won only eight of the states 39 counties, relying on heavy votes from the Seattle metropolitan area pushing him to victory, Washington Gubernatorial election,2016 Elections & Voting at the Washington Secretary of State office Campaign sites Jay Inslee for Governor
22.
Rob McKenna
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Robert Marion Rob McKenna is the former Republican Attorney General of Washington. He was elected in November 2004 for a beginning in January 2005. He won re-election in November 2008 with over 59 percent statewide and he was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Washington in 2012. McKenna is an Eagle Scout, was student body president at the University of Washington, and attended the University of Chicago Law School, McKenna was born in Fort Sam Houston, Texas, the son of Bonnie Jean and Robert Elliott McKenna, an Army officer. His ancestry includes Irish, Norwegian, and German and he grew up at posts in Germany, Bangkok, San Francisco and Kansas before his family settled in Bellevue, Washington when he was 14. He graduated from Sammamish High School in Bellevue in 1980 and he earned two bachelors degrees, in Economics and International Studies, from the University of Washington and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He was student body president in 1984–85 and he received a J. D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1988. He was elected to the Metropolitan King County Council in November 1995, took office in January 1996, as councilman, he represented Bellevue, Mercer Island, Kirkland, Newcastle, and much of Renton. His re-elections were without opposition and he was twice rated Outstanding by the Municipal League and he also served as co-chair of the Campaign for Equal Justice. The Washington Attorney Generals Office serves over 230 state agencies, boards, commissions, colleges, as Attorney General, McKenna made the protection of consumers and businesses, the improvement of community safety and the advancement of open government his chief priorities. He also argued before the U. S. Supreme Court three times to defend Washington state laws from challenges, and won each time and he also built nontraditional alliances with tribal leaders, public safety unions, firefighters and other moderates in both parties. He defeated political novice Mike Vaska, an attorney from Issaquah, in the Republican primary for state Attorney General. He defeated former Insurance Commissioner and Democratic Senate candidate Deborah Senn in the November General election and was one of just a few Republicans to win office in 2004. In his first year as Attorney General, McKenna founded Operation, Allied Against Meth, since the initiative began, deaths from methamphetamine use in Washington have fallen by a third, while the incidence of driving under the influence of meth decreased by over 25 percent. During his inaugural term, he created Washingtons Law Enforcement Group against Identity Theft and he was also active in the National Association of Attorneys General during his first term, co-chairing both the Financial Practices Committee and the Tobacco Committee during his first term. Acting in this capacity, he helped lead cases against subprime lenders that resulted in the largest settlements in the history of American consumer protection lawsuits, McKenna kicked off his 2008 campaign in November 2007. He received the support of two Democrats, State Auditor Brian Sonntag and Snohomish County Prosecuting Attorney Janice Ellis and he defeated Pierce County executive John Ladenburg in the 2008 election with over 59 percent of the vote. In 2010, he was elected President of NAAG, and assumed the office on June 22,2011 and he launched his Presidential Initiative, a program called Pillars of Hope aimed at reducing human trafficking in the US, in Chicago on the following day
23.
Washington Referendum 74 (2012)
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Referendum 74 was a Washington state referendum to approve or reject the February 2012 bill that would legalize same-sex marriage in the state. The law was upheld by voters in the November 6,2012 election by a margin of 7. 4%. After 2014, existing domestic partnerships are converted to marriages, except for seniors and it preserves the right of clergy or religious organizations to refuse to perform or recognize any marriage or accommodate wedding ceremonies. The bill does not affect licensing of religious organizations providing adoption, foster-care, title 26 of the Revised Code of Washington, entitled domestic relations, governs marriage in Washington state. Governor Christine Gregoire signed the bill on February 13. On June 12, the Washington secretary of state announced that enough signatures had been submitted to place the referendum on the ballot for the November general election, statements for and against the bill are available online as part of the official online voters guide for the referendum. Of these, Washington United for Marriage and Preserve Marriage Washington were the most active, for, WUM lists a coalition of more than 500 organizations and businesses on its website. Amazons Jeff Bezos and his wife pledged $2.5 million in support of the marriage law. Steve Ballmer of Microsoft and co-founder Bill Gates each donated $100,000 to the campaign in support as well, t-Mobile, Nordstrom, the Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce, and dozens of other businesses also supported the bill. United States President Barack Obama encouraged support as well, parishes planned in-pew donations as part of what it is calling Preserve Marriage month and NOM was expected to bring in additional money from outside the state. Several newspapers in Washington state supported the bill, with the Seattle Times also launching a social media campaign to encourage readers to support the bill publicly. Referendum 74 generated a number of individual donations which may have surpassed the 2008 record of 13,500 for the Washington Death with Dignity Act. As of July 3,2012, Referendum 74 sponsor Preserve Marriage Washington had reportedly raised $132,000, a Public Disclosure Commission complaint has been filed, accusing both Preserve Marriage Washington and the National Organization for Marriage of having failed to report donations as required by law. As of October 5,2012, proponents of Referendum 74 Washington United for Marriage have raised $9.4 million in donations, various public opinion surveys of Washington residents asked questions regarding same-sex marriage. The questions vary, with some surveys referring directly to Referendum 74, a post-election poll indicated much stronger support for such marriage among women than men across several categories. Upon certification, Secretary of State Sam Reed partially credited the referendum for encouraging voter turnout of 81%, county offices in King and Thurston counties opened at 12,01 a. m. Andersen v.74 Concerns marriage for same-sex couples
24.
USD
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
25.
Brochure
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A brochure is an informative paper document, that can be folded into a template, pamphlet or leaflet. Brochures are promotional documents, primarily used to introduce a company, organization, products or services, brochures are distributed inside newspapers, handed out personally or placed in brochure racks in high traffic locations. They may be considered as grey literature and they are usually present near tourist attractions. Brochures are now available in electronic format and are called e-brochures and they have the added benefit of having unlimited distribution and cost savings when compared to traditional paper brochures. The most common types of single-sheet brochures are the bi-fold and the tri-fold, a bi-fold brochure results in four panels, while a tri-fold results in six panels. Other brochure fold arrangements are possible, the accordion or z-fold method, larger sheets, such as those with detailed maps or expansive photo spreads, are folded into four, five, or six panels. When two card fascia are affixed to the panels of the z-folded brochure. Booklet brochures are made of multiple sheets most often saddle-stitched, stapled on the edge, or perfect bound like a paperback book. Brochures are often printed using four-color process on thick, glossy paper to give an impression of quality. Businesses may print small quantities of brochures on a printer or on a digital printer. Compared with a flyer, a brochure usually uses higher-quality paper, more color, and is folded
26.
Hearst Corporation
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Hearst Communications, often referred to as simply Hearst, is an American mass media and business information conglomerate. The Hearst company is based in the Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan and it was founded by William Randolph Hearst as an owner of newspapers, and the Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management. Under William Randolph Hearsts will, a board of thirteen trustees administers the Hearst Foundation, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation. The foundations shared ownership until tax law changed to prevent this, Frank A. Bennack Jr. former chief executive officer and executive vice chairman of the corporation John G. Conomikes, former executive of the corporation Gilbert C. In 1880, George Hearst, mining entrepreneur, American publisher, on March 4,1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst. He pushed his staff to write exciting stories, and wrote editorials worded with force. Within a few years, the new Examiner was a success, in 1895, Hearst purchased the New York Journal, laying the foundation for one of the major newspaper dynasties in American history. He established Hearsts Chicago American in 1900, renamed the morning edition of the New York Journal as the New York American in 1901, the Los Angeles Examiner was launched in 1903 followed by the Boston American one year later. Hearst experimented with every aspect of publishing, from page layouts to editorial crusades. His newspapers introduced innovations such as presses, halftone photographs on newsprint, comic sections printed in color. Stories by Hearst correspondents from around the world were sold to newspapers, giving rise to the Hearst International News Service. In 1903, Hearst Magazines was begun with the publication of Motor magazine, within the next 10 years Hearst acquired several popular titles, starting in 1905 with Cosmopolitan and Good Housekeeping in 1911. Also in 1911, Hearst bought a middling monthly magazine called World To-Day, in June 1914, its title was shortened to Hearsts, and it was ultimately retitled Hearsts International in May 1922. In 1953 Hearst Magazines bought Sports Afield magazine which it kept until 1999 when it was sold to Robert E. Petersen, Hearst began producing film feature in the mid-1910s, creating one of the earliest animation studios, the International Film Service. Hearst established Cosmopolitan Pictures in the 1920s, distributing his films under the newly created Metro Goldwyn Mayer, in 1929, Hearst and MGM created the Hearst Metrotone newsreels. In order to spare serious cutbacks at San Simeon, Hearst merged Hearsts International magazine with Cosmopolitan effective March 1925, Hearst died in 1951, and the Hearsts International disappeared from the magazine cover altogether in April 1952. In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, in 1924 he also merged his Milwaukee operations with the Pfister family, owners of The Milwaukee Sentinel. Hearst owned the evening Wisconsin News while the Pfisters kept the Sentinel adding Hearsts features from the now-folded Telegram, in 1925, Hearst sold the Syracuse Telegram to the owners of the Syracuse Journal, while selling the New York Mirror in 1928
27.
Marketing
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Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is used to create the customer, to keep the customer, with the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation. Other services and management activities such as Operations, Human Resources, Accounting, Law, the term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to a market to buy or sell goods or services. The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably, a similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value. Marketing practice tended to be seen as an industry in the past. The overall process starts with marketing research and goes through market segmentation, business planning and execution, ending with pre and it is also related to many of the creative arts. The marketing literature is also adept at re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times, the term marketing concept pertains to the fundamental premise of modern marketing. This concept proposes that in order to satisfy its organizational objectives, Marketing and marketing concepts are directly related. An orientation, in the context, relates to a perception or attitude a firm holds towards its product or service. There exist several common orientations, A firm employing a product orientation is chiefly concerned with the quality of its own product, a firm would also assume that as long as its product was of a high standard, people would buy and consume the product. A firm using a sales orientation focuses primarily on the selling/promotion of a particular product, consequently, this entails simply selling an already existing product, and using promotion techniques to attain the highest sales possible. Such an orientation may suit scenarios in which a firm holds dead stock, or otherwise sells a product that is in high demand, a firm focusing on a production orientation specializes in producing as much as possible of a given product or service. Thus, this signifies a firm exploiting economies of scale, until the minimum efficient scale is reached, a production orientation may be deployed when a high demand for a product or service exists, coupled with a good certainty that consumer tastes do not rapidly alter. The marketing orientation is perhaps the most common used in contemporary marketing. It involves a firm essentially basing its marketing plans around the marketing concept, the marketing orientation often has three prime facets, which are, A firm in the market economy can survive by producing goods that persons are willing and able to buy. Consequently, ascertaining consumer demand is vital for a firms future viability, in this sense, a firms marketing department is often seen as of prime importance within the functional level of an organization. Information from a marketing department would be used to guide the actions of other departments within the firm. As an example, a department could ascertain that consumers desired a new type of product
28.
Editorial
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An editorial, leading article or leader, is an often-unsigned opinion piece written by the senior editorial staff or publisher of a newspaper, magazine, or any other written document. Editorials may be supposed to reflect the opinion of the periodical, australian and major United States newspapers, such as The New York Times and The Boston Globe, often classify editorials under the heading opinion. Illustrated editorials may appear in the form of editorial cartoons, typically, a newspapers editorial board evaluates which issues are important for their readership to know the newspapers opinion. However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial on the front page, in the English-language press this occurs rarely and only on topics considered especially important, it is more common, however, in some European countries such as Spain, Italy, and France
29.
Clause
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In grammar, a clause is the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition. A typical clause consists of a subject and a predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase, a simple sentence usually consists of a single finite clause with a finite verb that is independent. More complex sentences may contain multiple clauses, main clauses are those that can stand alone as a sentence. Subordinate clauses are those that would be awkward or incomplete if they were alone, a primary division for the discussion of clauses is the distinction between main clauses and subordinate clauses. A main clause can stand alone, i. e. it can constitute a complete sentence by itself. A subordinate clause, in contrast, is reliant on the appearance of a clause, it depends on the main clause and is therefore a dependent clause. A second major distinction concerns the difference between finite and non-finite clauses, a finite clause contains a structurally central finite verb, whereas the structurally central word of a non-finite clause is often a non-finite verb. Traditional grammar focuses on finite clauses, the awareness of non-finite clauses having arisen much later in connection with the study of syntax. The discussion here focuses on finite clauses, although some aspects of non-finite clauses are considered further below. Clauses can be classified according to a trait that is a prominent characteristic of their syntactic form. The position of the verb is one major trait used for classification. These two criteria overlap to an extent, which means that no single aspect of syntactic form is always decisive in determining how the clause functions. Standard SV-clauses are the norm in English and they are usually declarative, they express information in a neutral manner, e. g. The pig has not yet been fed, - Declarative clause, standard SV order Ive been hungry for two hours. - Declarative clause, standard SV order. that Ive been hungry for two hours and they can be viewed as basic, other clause types being derived from them. Standard SV-clauses can also be interrogative or exclamative, however, given the appropriate intonation contour and/or the appearance of a question word, the pig has not yet been fed. - Rising intonation on fed makes the clause a yes/no-question, the pig has not yet been fed. - Spoken forcefully, this clause is exclamative, youve been hungry for how long
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Profit (accounting)
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Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process. Profit is a measure of profitability which is the major interest in income formation process of market production. There are several measures in common use. Income formation in market production is always a balance between income generation and income distribution, the income generated is always distributed to the stakeholders of production as economic value within the review period. The profit is the share of income formation the owner is able to keep to himself in the distribution process. Profit is one of the sources of economic well-being because it means incomes and opportunities to develop production. The words income, profit and earnings are substitutes in this context, Economic well-being is created in a production process, meaning all economic activities that aim directly or indirectly to satisfy human needs. The degree to which the needs are satisfied is often accepted as a measure of economic well-being, in production there are two features which explain increasing economic well-being. They are improving quality-price-ratio of commodities and increasing incomes from growing, all of them produce commodities which have value and contribute to well-being of individuals. The satisfaction of needs originates from the use of the commodities which are produced, the need satisfaction increases when the quality-price-ratio of the commodities improves and more satisfaction is achieved at less cost. Economic well-being also increases due to the growth of incomes that are gained from the growing, market production is the only one production form which creates and distributes incomes to stakeholders. Public production and household production are financed by the incomes generated in market production, thus market production has a double role in creating well-being, i. e. the role of producing developing commodities and the role of creating income. Because of this role, market production is the “primus motor” of economic well-being. In principle there are two main activities in an economy, production and consumption, similarly there are two kinds of actors, producers and consumers. Well-being is made possible by efficient production and by the interaction between producers and consumers, in the interaction, consumers can be identified in two roles both of which generate well-being. Consumers can be both customers of the producers and suppliers to the producers, stakeholders of production are persons, groups or organizations with an interest in a producing company. Economic well-being originates in efficient production and it is distributed through the interaction between the company’s stakeholders, the stakeholders of companies are economic actors which have an economic interest in a company. Based on the similarities of their interests, stakeholders can be classified into three groups in order to differentiate their interests and mutual relations, the three groups are as follows, Customers Suppliers Producers
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Strike action
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Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances, Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines. In most countries, strike actions were made illegal, as factory owners had far more power than workers. Most Western countries partially legalized striking in the late 19th or early 20th centuries, Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Notable examples are the 1980 Gdańsk Shipyard or 1981 Warning Strike, official publications have typically used the more neutral words work stoppage or industrial dispute. The first historically certain account of action was towards the end of the 20th dynasty. The artisans of the Royal Necropolis at Deir el-Medina walked off their jobs because they had not been paid, the Egyptian authorities raised the wages. An early predecessor of the strike may have been the secessio plebis in ancient Rome. In the Outline Of History, H. G. Wells characterized this event as the strike of the plebeians, the plebeians seem to have invented the strike. The strike action became a feature of the political landscape with the onset of the Industrial Revolution. For the first time in history, large numbers of people were members of the working class, they lived in cities. By the 1830s, when the Chartist movement was at its peak, in 1842 the demands for fairer wages and conditions across many different industries finally exploded into the first modern general strike. Instead of being a spontaneous uprising of the masses, the strike was politically motivated and was driven by an agenda to win concessions. Probably as much as half of the industrial work force were on strike at its peak – over 500,000 men. The local leadership marshalled a growing working class tradition to organize their followers to mount an articulate challenge to the capitalist. Friedrich Engels, an observer in London at the time, wrote, by its numbers, this class has become the most powerful in England, the English proletarian is only just becoming aware of his power, and the fruits of this awareness were the disturbances of last summer. Karl Marx has condemned the theory of Proudhon criminalizing strike action in his work The Poverty of Philosophy, in 1937 there were 4,740 strikes in the United States. This was the greatest strike wave in American labor history, the number of major strikes and lockouts in the U. S. fell by 97% from 381 in 1970 to 187 in 1980 to only 11 in 2010
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Newsprint
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Newsprint is a low-cost non-archival paper consisting mainly of wood pulp and most commonly used to print newspapers and other publications and advertising material. Invented in 1844 by Charles Fenerty of Nova Scotia, Canada, it usually has an off white cast and it is designed for use in printing presses that employ a long web of paper rather than individual sheets of paper. Newsprint is favored by publishers and printers as it is low cost, strong. Charles Fenerty began experimenting with wood pulp around 1838, making his discovery in 1844, World demand of newsprint in 2006 totaled about 37.2 million metric tonnes, according to the Montreal-based Pulp & Paper Products Council. This was about 1. 6% less than in 2000, between 2000 and 2006, the biggest changes were in Asia—which saw newsprint demand grow by about 20%—and North America, where demand fell by about 25%. Demand in China virtually doubled during the period, to about 3.2 million metric tonnes, about 35% of global newsprint usage in 2006 was in Asia, with approximately 26% being in North America and about 25% in Western Europe. Latin America and Eastern Europe each represented about 5% of world demand in 2006, according to PPPC, with smaller shares going to Oceania, according to NAA, daily ad revenues reached their all-time peak in 2000, and by 2007 had fallen by 13%. Newsprint demand has also affected by attempts on the part of newspaper publishers to reduce marginal printing costs through various conservation measures intended to cut newsprint usage. According to the World Association of Newspapers, in 2007 Asia was the home to 74 of the world’s 100 highest-circulation dailies, with millions of Chinese and Indians entering the ranks of those with disposable income, newspapers have gained readers along with other news media. Newsprint is used worldwide in the printing of newspapers, flyers, in the U. S. about 80% of all newsprint that is consumed is purchased by daily newspaper publishers, according to PPPC. Dailies use a majority of total demand in most other regions as well. In such cases the press owner might also purchase newsprint from the mill for such contract printing jobs, the biggest inputs to the newsprint manufacturing process are energy, fiber, and labor. Mill operating margins have been affected in the 2006–2008 time-frame by rising energy costs. Many mills fiber costs have also been affected during the U. S, another consideration in the newsprint business is delivery, which is affected by energy cost trends. Newsprint around the world may be delivered by rail or truck, or by barge, the cost-competitiveness of each freight mode for a specific mill’s business may depend on local infrastructure issues, as well as the degree of truck-vs-freight competition in the mills region. The appropriate freight mode for delivery from a mill to a specific pressroom can also depend on the press ability to accept enough trucks or rail cars. A newspaper rolls width is called its web width and is defined by how many front pages it can print, a full roll prints four front pages with four back pages behind it. Modern printing facilities most efficiently print newspapers in multiples of eight pages on a newsprint roll in two sections of four pages each
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Editor & Publisher
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Editor & Publisher is a monthly magazine covering the North American newspaper industry. It is based in Irvine, California, in recent years the magazine has won numerous national awards, including several for its stories on coverage of the Iraq war. Editor & Publisher traces its beginnings back to 1884, when The Journalist, Editor & Publisher was born 17 years later and merged with The Journalist in 1907. E&P later acquired Newspaperdom, a journal for the newspaper industry that started in 1892. In 1927, E&P merged with another paper, The Fourth Estate. E&P was edited by Robert U. Brown from 1953 to 1999, in December 2009, unable to find a buyer, owner Nielsen Co. decided to shutter the 125-year-old publication in January 2010. On January 14,2010, however, the Duncan McIntosh Company, publisher of Boating World, Sea Magazine and The Log newspaper, greg Mitchell was replaced by Mark Fitzgerald, the journals editor-at-large, and staffer Joe Strupp was also eliminated. In October 2010, Mark Fitzgerald, Shawn Moynihan and Jim Rosenberg were laid off, press Gazette – a similar publication for the British newspaper industry Editor & Publisher website
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Yakima Herald-Republic
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The Yakima Herald-Republic is a newspaper published in Yakima, Washington and distributed throughout Yakima, Kittitas and Klickitat counties as well as northwest Benton County. It is Washington states seventh-largest daily newspaper, the newspaper traces its roots to the late 19th century. Harte-Hanks bought the Herald-Republic in 1972 from the Robertson family, harte-Hanks sold the paper to an affiliate of MediaNews Group in 1986. It is now part of The Seattle Times Company, which purchased the paper in 1991, in 2016, Bob Crider, was named publisher of the Yakima Herald-Republic. In 2010, Sharon Prill, a native of Hawaii, was named as publisher of the paper and she manages daily operations of the Herald Republic, and those of the El Sol de Yakima, a weekly Spanish-language newspaper, Yakima magazine, and several other niche publications
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Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting
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The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting is a Pulitzer Prize awarded for a distinguished example of breaking news, local reporting on news of the moment. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award,1953, Editorial Staff of Providence Journal and Evening Bulletin, for their spontaneous and cooperative coverage of a bank robbery and police chase leading to the capture of the bandit. 1954, Staff of Vicksburg Sunday Post-Herald, for its coverage of the tornado of December 5,1953. Mrs. Brown dug into the facts behind the dramatic events, as well. 1957, Staff of Salt Lake Tribune, for its prompt,1958, Staff of Fargo Forum, for its swift, vivid and detailed news and picture coverage of a tornado which struck Fargo on June 20. 1961, Sanche De Gramont, for his account of the death of Leonard Warren on the Metropolitan Opera stage. 1962, Robert D. Mullins, Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, For his resourceful coverage of a murder and kidnapping at Dead Horse Point, Utah. 1967, Sylvan Fox, Anthony Shannon, William Longgood, New York World-Telegram and Sun for their reporting of an air crash in Jamaica Bay, killing 95 persons on March 1,1962. 1964, Norman C. Miller The Wall Street Journal, for his account of a multi-million dollar vegetable oil swindle in New Jersey. 1965, Melvin H.1966, Staff Los Angeles Times,1967, Robert V. Cox Chambersburg Public Opinion, for his vivid deadline reporting of a mountain manhunt that ended with the killing of a deranged sniper who had terrorized the community. 1969, John Fetterman Louisville Times and Courier-Journal, for his article, Pfc. Gibson Comes Home,1970, Thomas Fitzpatrick Chicago Sun-Times, for his article about the violence of youthful radicals in Chicago, A Wild Nights Ride With SDS. 1971, Staff Akron Beacon Journal, for its coverage of the Kent State University tragedy on May 4,1970,1972, Richard Cooper and John Machacek Rochester Times-Union, for their coverage of the Attica, New York prison riot. 1973, Staff Chicago Tribune, for uncovering flagrant violations of voting procedures in the election of March 21,1972. 1974, Arthur M. Petacque and Hugh F. Hough Chicago Sun-Times,1975, Staff Xenia Daily Gazette, for its coverage, under enormous difficulties, of the tornado that wrecked the city on April 3,1974. 1977, Margo Huston The Milwaukee Journal, for her reports on the elderly,1979, Staff San Diego Evening Tribune, for its coverage of the collision of a Pacific Southwest air liner with a small plane over its city. 1980, Staff The Philadelphia Inquirer, for coverage of the accident at Three Mile Island. 1981, Staff Longview Daily News, for its coverage of the Mt. St. Helens story,1982, Staff Kansas City Star and Kansas City Times, for coverage of the Hyatt Regency Hotel disaster and identification of its causes. 1983, Editorial Staff Fort Wayne News-Sentinel, for its courageous,1984, Newsday team of reporters Newsday, Long Island, NY, for their enterprising and comprehensive coverage of the Baby Jane Doe case and its far-reaching social and political implications
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Miami Herald
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The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by the McClatchy Company and headquartered in Doral, Florida, a city in western Miami-Dade County several miles west of Miami. Founded in 1903, it is the second largest newspaper in South Florida, serving Miami-Dade, Broward County and it also circulates throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. The newspaper employs over 800 people in Miami and across several bureaus, including Bogotá, Managua, Tallahassee, Vero Beach, Key West, the newspaper has been awarded 20 Pulitzer Prizes since beginning publication in 1903. Well-known columnists include Pulitzer-winning political commentator Leonard Pitts, Jr. Pulitzer-winning reporter Mirta Ojito, humorist Dave Barry, other columnists include Fred Grimm and longtime sportswriter Edwin Pope. Alexandra Villoch is the publisher, and Aminda Marqués Gonzalez is the executive editor, the newspaper averages 88 pages daily and 212 pages on Sundays. The Miami Heralds coverage of Latin American and Hispanic affairs is widely considered among the best of U. S. newspapers. The Miami Herald also participates in Politifact Florida, a website that focuses on the truth about Florida issues, along with the Tampa Bay Times, the Herald and the Times share resources on news stories related to Florida. The first edition was published September 15,1903, as The Miami Evening Record, after the recession of 1907, the newspaper had severe financial difficulties. Its largest creditor was Henry Flagler, through a loan from Henry Flagler, Frank B. Shutts, who was also the founder of the law firm Shutts & Bowen, acquired the paper, although it is the longest continuously published newspaper in Miami, the earliest newspaper in the region was The Tropical Sun, established in 1891. The Miami Metropolis, which later became The Miami News, was founded in 1896, and was the Heralds oldest competitor until 1988, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the Miami Herald was the largest newspaper in the world, as measured by lines of advertising. During The Great Depression in the 1930s, the Herald came close to receivership, on October 25,1939, John S. Knight, son of a noted Ohio newspaperman, bought the Herald from Frank B. Knight became editor and publisher, and made his brother, James L. Knight, lee Hills arrived as city editor in September 1942. He later became the Heralds publisher and eventually the chairman of Knight-Ridder Inc. a position he held until 1981, the Miami Herald International Edition, printed by partner newspapers throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, began in 1946. It was extended to Mexico in 2002, the Herald won its first Pulitzer Prize in 1950, for its reporting on Miamis organized crime. Its circulation was 176,000 daily and 204,000 on Sundays, on August 19,1960, construction began on the Herald building on Biscayne Bay. Also on that day, Alvah H. Chapman, started work as James Knights assistant, Chapman was later promoted to Knight-Ridder chairman and chief executive officer. The Herald moved into its new building at One Herald Plaza without missing an edition on March 23–24,1963, publication of a Spanish-language supplemental insert named El Herald began in 1976
