1.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
2.
Tangier
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Tangier is a major city in northwestern Morocco. It is located on the Maghreb coast at the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. It is the capital of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region, as well as the Tangier-Assilah prefecture of Morocco, the history of Tangier is very rich, due to the historical presence of many civilisations and cultures starting from before the 5th century BC. Between the period of being a strategic Berber town and then a Phoenician trading centre to the era around the 1950s. In 1923, it was considered as having international status by foreign colonial powers, the city is currently undergoing rapid development and modernisation. Projects include new tourism projects along the bay, a business district called Tangier City Center, a new airport terminal. Tangiers economy is set to benefit greatly from the new Tanger-Med port. The citys name is said to come from Tingis, the daughter of Atlas, however, it more likely derives from the Semitic word tigisis, meaning harbour. Tangier is also referred to as Boughaz or nicknamed as the bride of the north by the Moroccans, Tangier was founded in the early 5th century BC by Carthaginian colonists, who were probably the first ones to settle around the coast. The Greeks ascribed the citys establishment to the giant Antaios, whose tomb and skeleton are pointed out in the vicinity, the cave of Hercules, a few miles from the city, is a major tourist attraction. It is believed that Hercules slept there before attempting one of his twelve labours, the commercial town of Tingi came under Roman rule during the 2nd century BC. It was initially autonomous, and then, under Augustus, became a colony and it was the scene of the martyrdoms of Saint Marcellus of Tangier. Tingis was the main Roman city of Mauretania Tingitana in the 4th century and enjoyed huge development, in the 5th century, Vandals conquered and occupied Tingi and from here swept across the Maghreb. A century later, Tangier fell to the Byzantine Empire, before coming under the control of the Umayyad Caliphate in 702, due to its Christian past, it is still a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. When the Portuguese, driven in part by religious fervour, started their colonial expansion by taking Ceuta in 1415. They failed to capture the city in 1437 but finally occupied it in 1471, a partial plan of the original kasbah was found in 2009–12, in a Portuguese document now preserved in the Military Archives of Sweden in Stockholm. The Portuguese rule lasted until 1662, when it was given to Englands King Charles II as part of the dowry from the Portuguese Infanta Catherine of Braganza, the English gave the city a garrison and a charter which made it equal to English towns. The English planned to improve the harbour by building a mole, with an improved harbour the town would have played the same role that Gibraltar later played in British naval strategy
3.
French Foreign Legion
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The French Foreign Legion is a military service branch of the French Army established in 1831, unique because it was created for foreign nationals willing to serve in the French Armed Forces. Commanded by French officers, it is open to French citizens. This is a way to strengthen them enough to work as a team, although it is part of the French Military, it is the only unit of the military that does not swear allegiance to France, but to the Foreign Legion itself. Consequently, training is described as not only physically challenging. French citizenship may be applied for three years service. Additionally, any soldier who becomes injured during a battle for France immediately becomes a French citizen under a known as Français par le sang versé. As of 2008, members come from 140 countries, the French Foreign Legion was primarily used to protect and expand the French colonial empire during the 19th century. The Foreign Legion was initially stationed only in Algeria, where it took part in the pacification, in World War I, the Foreign Legion fought in many critical battles on the Western Front. It played a role in World War II than in World War I, though having a part in the Norwegian, Syrian. During the First Indochina War, the Foreign Legion saw its numbers swell, the FFL lost a large number of men in the catastrophic Battle of Dien Bien Phu. Notable operations during this period included the Suez Crisis, the Battle of Algiers and various offensives launched by General Maurice Challe including Operations Oranie, in 1990, the Foreign Legion was sent to the Persian Gulf as a part of Opération Daguet. In the 1990s, the Foreign Legion helped with the evacuation of French citizens and foreigners in Rwanda, Gabon, the Foreign Legion was also deployed in Cambodia, Somalia, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the mid- to late-1990s, the Foreign Legion was deployed in the Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, many other countries have tried to emulate the French Foreign Legion model. There have been composed of foreign recruits in China, Israel, the Netherlands, Rhodesia, Russia. The French Foreign Legion was created by Louis Philippe, the King of the French, recruits included soldiers from the recently disbanded Swiss and German foreign regiments of the Bourbon monarchy. The Royal Ordinance for the establishment of the new regiment specified that the foreigners recruited could only serve outside France, the French expeditionary force that had occupied Algiers in 1830 was in need of reinforcements and the Legion was accordingly transferred by sea in detachments from Toulon to Algeria. The Foreign Legion was initially divided into six national battalions, smaller national groups, such as the ten Englishmen recorded in December 1832, appear to have been placed randomly. In late 1831, the first legionnaires landed in Algeria, the country that would be the Foreign Legions homeland for 130 years, the Foreign Legions first service in Algeria came to an end after only four years, as it was needed elsewhere
4.
Niger
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Niger, officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a area of almost 1,270,000 km2, making it the largest country in West Africa. The countrys predominantly Islamic population of about 19 million is mostly clustered in the far south, the capital city is Niamey, located in the far-southwest corner of Niger. Niger is a country, and is consistently one of the lowest-ranked in the United Nations Human Development Index. Much of the portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought. The economy is concentrated around subsistence and some export agriculture clustered in the fertile south. Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its ethnic groups and regions. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule, following a military coup in 2010, Niger has become a democratic, multi-party state. A majority live in areas, and have little access to advanced education. Early human settlement in Niger is evidenced by archaeological remains. In prehistoric times, the climate of the Sahara was wet and provided favorable conditions for agriculture, in 2005–06, a graveyard in the Tenere desert was discovered by Paul Sereno, a paleontologist from the University of Chicago. His team discovered 5, 000-year-old remains of a woman and two children in the Tenere Desert, the evidence along with remains of animals that do not typically live in desert are among the strongest evidence of the green Sahara in Niger. It is believed that progressive desertification around 5000 BCE pushed sedentary populations to the south and south-east. By at least the 5th century BCE, Niger became an area of trade, led by the Berber tribes from the north. This trade has made Agadez a pivotal place of the trans-Saharan trade and this mobility, which would continue in waves for several centuries, was accompanied with further migration to the south and interbreeding between southern black and northern white populations. It was also aided by the introduction of Islam to the region at the end of the 7th century, several empires and kingdoms also flourished during this era up to the beginning of colonization in Africa
5.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
6.
Last Tango in Paris
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It stars Marlon Brando, Maria Schneider, and Jean-Pierre Léaud. The films raw portrayal of violence and emotional turmoil led to international controversy. Upon release in the United States, the most graphic scene was cut, after revisions were made to the MPAA ratings code, in 1997 the film was re-classified NC-17 for some explicit sexual content. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released a censored R-rated cut in 1981, Paul, a middle-aged American hotel owner mourning his wifes suicide, meets a young, engaged Parisian woman named Jeanne at an apartment that both are interested in renting. Paul takes the apartment after they begin a sexual relationship there. He insists that neither of them must share any personal information, the affair continues until one day, Jeanne arrives at the apartment and finds that Paul has packed up and left without warning. Paul later meets Jeanne on the street and says he wants to renew the relationship and he tells her of the recent tragedy of his wife. As he tells his story, they walk into a tango bar. The loss of anonymity disillusions Jeanne about their relationship and she tells Paul she does not want to see him again. Paul, not wanting to let Jeanne go, chases her back to her apartment, Jeanne takes a gun from a drawer. She tells Paul her name and shoots him, Paul staggers out onto the balcony, mortally wounded, and collapses. Bernardo Bertolucci developed the film from his fantasies, He once dreamed of seeing a beautiful nameless woman on the street. The screenplay was by Bertolucci, Franco Arcalli, and Agnès Varda and it was later adapted as a novel by Robert Alley. The film was directed by Bertolucci with cinematography by Vittorio Storaro, Bertolucci originally intended to cast Dominique Sanda, who developed the idea with him, and Jean-Louis Trintignant. Trintignant refused and, when Brando accepted, Sanda was pregnant, an art lover, Bertolucci drew inspiration from the works of the Irish-born British artist Francis Bacon for the opening sequence of cast and crew credits. According to American artist Andy Warhol, the Last Tango film was based on Warhols own Blue Movie film released a few years earlier in 1969, the film contains a scene in which Brandos character engages in anal rape using butter as a lubricant. In a 2006 interview, Schneider said that the scene was not in the script, and nobody can force someone to do something not in the script. In 2007, Schneider recounted feelings of sexual humiliation pertaining to the scene, They only told me about it before we had to film the scene
7.
Camel train
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A camel train or caravan is a series of camels carrying passengers and/or goods on a regular or semi-regular service between points. Camel trains were used sparingly elsewhere around the globe but during the 20th century they have been largely replaced by motorized vehicles or air traffic. By far the greatest use of camel trains occurs between North and West Africa by the Tuareg, Shuwa and Hassaniyya, as well as by culturally-affiliated groups like the Toubou, Hausa and these camel trains conduct trade in and around the Sahara Desert and Sahel. Trains travel as far south as central Nigeria and northern Cameroon in the west, in antiquity, the Arabian Peninsula was an important route for the trade with India and Abyssinia. Camel trains have long been used in portions of trans-Asian trade. As late as the twentieth century, camel caravans played an important role connecting the Beijing/Shanxi region of eastern China with Mongolian centers. The routes went across Inner and/or Outer Mongolia, United States The history of camel trains in the United States consists mainly of an experiment by the United States Army. On April 29,1856, thirty-three camels and five drivers arrived at Indianola, while camels were suited to the job of transport in the American Southwest, the experiment failed. Their stubbornness and aggressiveness made them unpopular among soldiers, and they frightened horses, many of the camels were sold to private owners, others escaped into the desert. These feral camels continued to be sighted through the early 20th century, British Columbia, Canada Camels were used from 1862 to 1863 in British Columbia, Canada during the Cariboo Gold Rush. Less important caravan routes served various other areas of northern China, such as most centers in todays Gansu, Ningxia, some of the oldest Hohhot-based caravan firms had a history dating to the early Qing Dynasty. Each of the rank-and-file caravan men, known as the camel-pullers, was in charge of one such file. Two files formed a ba, and the camel-pullers of the two files would help each other when loading cargo on the camels at the beginning of days march or unloading it when halted. To do their job properly camel-pullers had to be experts on camels, as Lattimore comments, because there is no good doctoring known for him when he is sick, they must learn how to keep him well. Put no more on this beast. » A caravan could consist of 150 or so camels, the caravan could carry a number of paying passengers as well, who would alternate between riding on top of a camel load and walking. Camel-pullers salary was low, although they were also fed and provided with tent space at the caravan owners expense. The caravan peoples food was mostly based around oat and millet flour, a sheep would be bought from the Mongols and slaughtered every now and then, and tea was the usual daily drink, as fresh vegetables were scarce, scurvy was a danger. Besides the paid cargo and the food and gear for the men and it was estimated that, when leaving its point of origin, for every 100 loads of merchandise the caravan would carry around 30 loads of fodder
8.
John Malkovich
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John Gavin Malkovich is an American actor, director, and producer. He has appeared in more than 70 films, for his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire, he received Academy Award nominations. In January 2017, he launched his fashion line with an online shop. Malkovich was born in Christopher, Illinois and his paternal grandparents were Croatian, hailing from Ozalj. His mother was of English, French, German and Scottish ancestry and he grew up in a large house in Benton, Illinois, where his next door neighbor was future basketball star Doug Collins. His father, Daniel Leon Malkovich, was a state director and publisher of Outdoor Illinois. His mother, Joe Anne, owned the Benton Evening News, Malkovich has three younger sisters and an older brother. Malkovich attended Logan Grade School, Webster Junior High School, during his high school years, he appeared in various plays and the musical Carousel. He was also active in a gospel group, singing in area churches. As a member of a local summer theater/comedy project, he co-starred in Jean-Claude van Itallies America Hurrah in 1972, upon graduating from high school, he entered Eastern Illinois University, and then transferred to Illinois State University, where he majored in theater. In 1976, Malkovich, along with Joan Allen, Gary Sinise and he moved to New York City in 1980 to appear in a Steppenwolf production of the Sam Shepard play True West for which he won an Obie Award. In early 1982, he appeared in A Streetcar Named Desire with Chicagos Wisdom Bridge Theatre, Malkovich then directed a Steppenwolf co-production, the 1984 revival of Lanford Wilsons Balm in Gilead, for which he received a second Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award. His Broadway debut that year was as Biff in Death of a Salesman alongside Dustin Hoffman as Willy, Malkovich won an Emmy Award for this role when the play was adapted for television by CBS in 1985. One of his first film roles was as an extra alongside Allen, Terry Kinney, George Wendt and he made his feature film debut in 1984 as Sally Fields blind boarder Mr. Will in Places in the Heart. For his portrayal of Mr. Will, Malkovich received his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and he also portrayed Al Rockoff in The Killing Fields. He later reprised this role for the video of Walking on Broken Glass by Annie Lennox. In 1990, he recited, in Croatian, verses of the Croatian national anthem Lijepa naša domovino in Nenad Bachs song Can We Go Higher, Malkovich starred in the 1992 film adaptation of John Steinbecks award-winning novella Of Mice and Men as Lennie alongside Gary Sinise as George. In 1994, he was nominated for another Oscar, in the same category, though he played the title role in the Charlie Kaufman-penned Being John Malkovich, he played a slight variation of himself, as indicated by the characters middle name of Horatio
9.
Ryuichi Sakamoto
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Ryuichi Sakamoto is a Japanese musician, composer, record producer, pianist, activist, writer, actor and dancer, based in Tokyo and New York. The band had hits such as Computer Game / Firecracker, Behind the Mask. He went on to more solo records, collaborate with many international artists. He composed music for the 1992 Barcelona Olympics opening ceremony, as a film composer, he has won an Academy Award, BAFTA, Grammy, and two Golden Globe Awards, and has received three BAFTA nominations and four Golden Globe nominations. Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence marked his debut as a score composer and as an actor. His most successful work as a composer was The Last Emperor, after which he continued earning accolades composing for films such as The Sheltering Sky, Little Buddha. On occasion, Sakamoto has also worked on anime and video games, in 2009, he was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from Frances Ministry of Culture for his musical contributions. Sakamoto entered the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music in 1970, earning a B. A. in music composition and an M. A. with special emphasis on both electronic and ethnic music. He was also trained in music and began experimenting with the electronic music equipment available at the university, including synthesizers such as the Buchla, Moog. One of Sakamotos classical influences was Claude Debussy, who he described as his hero and stated that “Asian music heavily influenced Debussy, so, the music goes around the world and comes full circle. ”In 1975, Sakamoto collaborated with percussionist Tsuchitori Toshiyuki to release Disappointment-Hateruma. After working as a musician with Haruomi Hosono and Yukihiro Takahashi in 1977. Known for their influence on electronic music, the group helped pioneer electronic genres such as electropop/technopop, synthpop, cyberpunk music, ambient house. The groups work has had an influence across genres, ranging from hip hop and techno to acid house. He also sang on songs, such as Kimi ni Mune Kyun. Sakamoto released his first solo album Thousand Knives of Ryūichi Sakamoto in mid-1978 with the help of Hideki Matsutake—Hosono also contributed to the song Thousand Knives, a version of the song Thousand Knives was released on the Yellow Magic Orchestras 1981 album BGM. This version was one of the earliest uses of the Roland TR-808 drum machine, for YMOs live performance of 1000 Knives in 1980, Riot in Lagos was later included in Playgroups compilation album Kings of Electro, alongside other significant electro compositions, such as Hashims Al-Naafyish. The 1980 release of Riot in Lagos was listed by The Guardian in 2011 as one of the 50 key events in the history of dance music, in 1982, Sakamoto worked on another collaboration with Sylvian, a single entitled Bamboo Houses/Bamboo Music. Sakamotos 1980 collaboration with Kiyoshiro Imawano, Ikenai Rouge Magic, topped the Oricon singles chart, in 1983, Sakamoto starred alongside David Bowie in director Nagisa Oshimas Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence
10.
Before the Revolution
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Before the Revolution is a 1964 Italian romantic drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. It stars Adriana Asti and Francesco Barilli and is centred on political, the film, strongly influenced by the French New Wave, was shot between September and November,1963. The shooting took place in Parma and its surroundings, one scene being filmed in the camera ottica at the Sanvitale Fortress in Fontanellato and it premiered on 12 May 1964 at the 17th Cannes Film Festival during the International Critics Week. A retrospective of the film was given at the BFI Southbank in London, Fabrizio, a young student, warns of the difficulty of reconciling the middle class with the militancy of the Italian Communist Party. He remains traumatized by the death of his friend Agostino, who has drowned in the River Po, the arrival of Aunt Gina, an elegant young lady who lives in Milan, increases his worries. The aunt falls in love him and Fabrizio reciprocates. But the aunt returns to Milan, Fabrizio, conscious of his own weakness and his inability to realize his aspirations and political ambitions, chooses to go along with convention. He gives up Gina and marries Clelia, a young girl who comes from a respectable family. Bertolucci said of the context of the film in a 1996 interview, each moment seems remote, even as I live it. I dont want to exchange the present, I accept it, but my bourgeois future is my bourgeois past. For me, ideology was something of a holiday, I thought I was living the revolution. Instead I lived the years before the revolution, because, for my sort its always before the revolution. The film, strongly influenced by the French New Wave, was shot between September and November 1963, the shooting took place in Parma and its surroundings, one scene being filmed in the camera ottica at the Sanvitale Fortress in Fontanellato. Like Marco Bellocchios Fists in the Pocket, which was released the following year and he writes of it, In Prima della rivoluzione the revolt of the protagonist finds support in political commitment. Sustained by a desire, the revolt is fostered by the political ideology that provies a raison detre as well as a symbolic terrain through which to articulate the revolt. Even more, the ideology, embodied by Cesare, provides Fabrizio with a meaning with which to confront. Through ideology, Fabrizio spells out and clarifies his course of revolt and singularity of rebel subject, eugene Archer of The New York Times believes that Bertolucci attempted a symbolic autobiography in his classical construction of the film. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian notes that the film displays a distinctively patrician concern with Catholicism and Marxism, before the Revolution premiered on 12 May 1964 at the 17th Cannes Film Festival during the International Critics Week
11.
Timothy Spall
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Timothy Leonard Spall, OBE is an English character actor and occasional presenter. He became a name in the UK after appearing in the 1983 ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen. Spall received critical acclaim for his performance in Secrets & Lies, Spall has also starred in the television documentary Timothy Spall. at Sea. In 2014, he won the Best Actor award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for portraying J. M. W. Turner in Mike Leighs biographical film Mr. Turner, Spall, the third of four sons, was born in Battersea, London. His mother, Sylvia R. was a hairdresser, and his father and he trained at the National Youth Theatre and RADA, where he was awarded the Bancroft Gold Medal as the most promising actor in his year. He gained international recognition as Peter Pettigrew in the Harry Potter film series, in 1991 he guest starred in the series 5 Red Dwarf episode Back to Reality. In 1993, Spall was in Rab C, in the 2000 New Year Honours, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. Spall performed lead vocals on the song The Devil is an Englishman from the Ken Russell film Gothic, Spall played the starring role of Albert Pierrepoint in the 2005 film Pierrepoint, which was released as The Last Hangman in the United States. In the 2006 video game Grand Theft Auto, Vice City Stories, Spall voiced Phil Collins manager, in 2007, he starred as Nathaniel in Disneys Enchanted and Beadle Bamford in Tim Burtons production of Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. He also starred as Georgie Godwin in a one off television drama The Fattest Man in Britain on ITV1 which aired on 20 December 2009, the drama also featured Bobby Ball, Frances Barber, Aisling Loftus and Jeremy Kyle. Spall reprised the role at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony, in 2012, Spall filmed Wasteland, with actors Matthew Lewis and Vanessa Kirby. The Newport Beach Film Festival in Newport Beach, California, screened Wasteland in April 2013, also in 2012 Spall played Charlie Morgan in the edgy film Comes a Bright Day. In 2014, he won the Best Actor Award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for Mr. Turner, Timothy Spall plays various roles in Stanley A Man Of Variety, directed by Stephen Cookson and produced by Red Rock Entertainment. Timothy received the Edgeware Outstanding Achievement Award for his performance in Stanley A Man of Variety, Spall and his wife Shane have three children, Pascale, Rafe, who is also an actor and Mercedes. He lives in Forest Hill, south east London, in 1996, Spall was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia, but has since been in remission. He has said of his illness, I didnt know what made me ill but stress had something to do with it and it made me aware of things and become more selective. I am less worried about employment, I really do my homework so I am not getting stressed on the set because I dont know what Im doing. He is the owner of a Dutch barge that he and his wife have been sailing around the British Isles as part of a BBC Four TV series Timothy Spall, Back at Sea
12.
Bernardo Bertolucci
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Bernardo Bertolucci is an Italian director and screenwriter, whose films include The Conformist, Last Tango in Paris,1900, The Last Emperor, The Sheltering Sky, Stealing Beauty and The Dreamers. In recognition of his work, he was presented with the inaugural Honorary Palme dOr Award at the ceremony of the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. Since 1979, he has married to screenwriter Clare Peploe. Bertolucci was born in the Italian city of Parma, in the region of Emilia-Romagna and he is the elder son of Ninetta, a teacher, and Attilio Bertolucci, who was a poet, a reputed art historian, anthologist and film critic. His mother was born in Australia, to an Italian father, Bertolucci had one brother, the theatre director and playwright Giuseppe. His cousin was the film producer Giovanni Bertolucci, with whom he has worked on a number of films, Bertolucci initially wished to become a poet like his father. With this goal in mind, he attended the Faculty of Modern Literature of the University of Rome from 1958 to 1961, shortly after, Bertolucci left the University without graduating. In 1962, at the age of 22, he directed his first feature film, produced by Tonino Cervi with a screenplay by Pasolini, the film is a murder mystery, following a prostitutes homicide. Bertolucci uses flashbacks to piece together the crime and the person who committed it, the film which shortly followed was his acclaimed Before the Revolution. Bertolucci caused controversy in 1972 with the film Last Tango in Paris, starring Marlon Brando, Maria Schneider, Jean-Pierre Léaud and Massimo Girotti. The film presents Brandos character, Paul, as he uses an affair to cope with the violent death of his wife by emotionally and physically dominating a young woman. The depictions of Schneider, then 19 years old, were regarded as exploitative, in one scene, Paul anally rapes Jeane using butter as a lubricant. The use of butter was not in the script, Bertolucci and Brando had discussed it and she said in 2007 that she had cried real tears during the scene and had felt humiliated and a little raped. In 2013 Bertolucci said he had withheld the information from her to generate a reaction of frustration. Brando alleged that Bertolucci had wanted the characters to have real sex, because of the scandal surrounding the films release, Schneider became a drug addict and suicidal. She later became a rights advocate, in particular fighting for more female film directors, more respect for female actors. Criminal proceedings were brought against Bertolucci in Italy for the anal-sex scene, an Italian court revoked Bertoluccis civil rights for five years and gave him a four-month suspended prison sentence. Bertolucci appeared on the Radio Four programme Front Row on April 29,2013, during the making of Last Tango in Paris, Bertolucci toyed with the idea of adapting Dashiell Hammetts book Red Harvest into a feature film
