Goodale Park
Goodale Park is a public park in the Victorian Village area of Columbus, Ohio. It was donated to the city in 1851 by Lincoln Goodale. For a few months during the Civil War, it was a staging area for Union troops known as Camp Jackson. ComFest, a large, non-corporate and arts annual festival, is held in the park in June. Located north of downtown Columbus, the park is bordered by Goodale Street on the South, Park Street on the East, Buttles Avenue on the North, Dennison Avenue on the West. From April to June 1861, the park was used as a staging area for new recruits for the Union Army; the camp started in April when Governor William Dennison, at the urging of President Lincoln, called on Ohio communities to revive their militias and send them to Columbus. A high picket fence is erected around the camp, the curious public mills around all day. Few visitors are allowed in. There are reports that the troops eat well while in the camp; the Governor's Guards, a corps of soldiers stationed at the camp, marched through Columbus on a Saturday morning to urge the local people to show their patriotism and enlist in the cause.
A Captain Morrow was so successful that his company grew so large with new recruits that he had to start a second company of troops and that one was nearly full. "Any young man interested in enlisting in this company, "B" of the 3rd Regiment, is told to call at Camp Jackson at an early hour." In June, Camp Jackson's military operations are transferred to Camp Chase, 4 miles west of Columbus, Camp Jackson reverts to being a public park. During its peak, about 8000 troops were stationed at the camp. Among the officers stationed at the camp were two future presidents: Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley. Lincoln Goodale Media related to Goodale Park at Wikimedia Commons Friends of Goodale Park Website
Independence Day (United States)
Independence Day is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence of the United States on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies were no longer subject to the monarch of Britain and were now united and independent states; the Congress had voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2, but it was not declared until July 4. Independence Day is associated with fireworks, barbecues, fairs, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States. During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence, proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain's rule.
After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration approving it two days on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail: The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival, it ought to be commemorated by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, sports, bells and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more. Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress.
Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4 though Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin all wrote that they had signed it on that day. Most historians have concluded that the Declaration was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, not on July 4 as is believed. Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the only signers of the Declaration of Independence to serve as Presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signer of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father, elected as President died on July 4, 1831, he was the third President. Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President, was born on July 4, 1872. S. President to have been born on Independence Day. In 1777, thirteen gunshots were fired in salute, once at morning and once again as evening fell, on July 4 in Bristol, Rhode Island. An article in July 18, 1777 issue of The Virginia Gazette noted a celebration in Philadelphia in a manner a modern American would find familiar: an official dinner for the Continental Congress, toasts, 13-gun salutes, prayers, parades, troop reviews, fireworks.
Ships in port were decked with red and blue bunting. In 1778, from his headquarters at Ross Hall, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, General George Washington marked July 4 with a double ration of rum for his soldiers and an artillery salute. Across the Atlantic Ocean, ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin Franklin held a dinner for their fellow Americans in Paris, France. In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday; the holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5. In 1781, the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration. In 1783, North Carolina held a celebration with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter entitled The Psalm of Joy; the town claims to be the first public July 4 event, as it was documented by the Moravian Church, there are no government records of any earlier celebrations. In 1870, the U. S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees. In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.
Independence Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other summer-themed events, Independence Day celebrations take place outdoors. According to 5 U. S. C. § 6103, Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions are closed on that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, history and people. Families celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue. Decorations are colored red and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares; the night before the Fourth was once the focal point of celebrations, marked by raucous gatherings incorporating bonfires as their centerpiece. In New E
Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio does not have defined neighborhoods, per the city of Columbus, making their areas difficult to define. Neighborhoods overlap and vary in size. Many of Columbus's larger neighborhoods integrate smaller neighborhoods. Additionally, modern interpretations of neighborhood borders vary as historical neighborhoods, villages and townships have been annexed and absorbed by the city of Columbus. There are Area Commissions that exist, but these are larger than neighborhoods themselves and incorporate smaller neighborhoods; this article uses data from the Datasourcecolumbus Web site, Spotcrime.com, HelloColumbus.com. The page places the recognized Columbus Area Commissions as the highest order, for those neighborhoods not located in Area Commission Boundaries generalized regions are used to define the various areas. Excerpts and border information are drawn directly from the main articles. Native-born Blacks are concentrated in neighborhoods northeast and southeast of Downtown Columbus, as well as areas west and east of Downtown, such as Franklinton and the Near East.
Native-born whites and assimilated ethnic Europeans are dispersed throughout the city, with higher concentrations in neighborhoods in the western half of Columbus, areas south and north of Downtown. Columbus has a growing immigrant population of Hispanics and Asian Americans, Africans. In the far west side of Columbus in the Hilltop, there is a notable and diverse Hispanic population, with people of Mexican descent being the largest of Hispanic groups. There is a much smaller Hispanic population made up of Puerto Ricans, in Northeast neighborhoods such as Northland and North Linden, where there is a significant Somali population. In the northwest part of the city, in areas close to Ohio State University, there are significant populations with origins from India and China. Below are some neighborhood maps. Like all neighborhoods, borders might vary from map to map. City-Data.com Neighborhood Map Henkel's Columbus Geo-Spatial Identity Map © Neighborhood Scout Crime Map Downtown Columbus is the Central Business District of Columbus, Ohio.
The area centers on the intersection of Broad and High streets, with the northeast corners being known simple as Broad & High by the surrounding businesses and media. Downtown as a whole encompasses all the area inside the inner belt and is home to most of the largest buildings in Columbus; the State Capitol is located in Capitol Square. Downtown is home to Columbus State Community College, Franklin University, Columbus College of Art and Design, Grant Medical Center, Capital University Law School, as well as the main branch of the Columbus Metropolitan Library, the Main Street Bridge and many parks. Downtown has many neighborhoods or "districts," but it can be separated into three main areas: The Discovery District, High Street Corridor, the Riverfront; the Short North, Italian Village, Victorian Village are directly north of Downtown. Olde Towne East, the historic King-Lincoln District are directly east, while the Brewery District and German Village are directly south of Downtown. Franklinton is with a portion of Franklinton in Downtown.
The northwest area includes the Arena District, a mixed-use development centered on Nationwide Arena, the home of the Columbus Blue Jackets. The Arena District includes the baseball stadium Huntington Park and the Lifestyle Communities Pavilion; as of 2013, over 87,000 people are employed Downtown and more than 25,000 students attend school at one of the many institutions of higher education located there. Downtown is home to over 6,300 residents. Arena District is neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio; the site was developed through a partnership between Nationwide Realty Investors, Ltd. the City of Columbus, private investors. Interpretation of the boundaries of the district are evolving as the neighboring blocks around the original 75-acre site has seen additional commercial and residential development. Arena District contains Nationwide Arena, for which the district is named; the Discovery District is located in the eastern part of Downtown Columbus. It is bordered by the Interstate 670 Innerbelt to the north, Interstate 71 to the east, Fulton Street to the south, Fifth Street to the west.
Within the vibrant and distinctive urban enclave are many not-for-profit and cultural institutions, including the Columbus Metropolitan Library, ranked as one of the country's top urban libraries, the Columbus Museum of Art. Other regional destinations include the French Topiary Gardens at the Old Deaf School Park, as well as educational institutions such as the Columbus College of Art and Design, Franklin University, Capital University Law School and Columbus State Community College. See also: Discovery District Website Park Street District is a subneighborhood of the Arena District in Columbus, Ohio; the District gets its name from the trafficked Park Street thoroughfare that runs through its core. Devoid of any large residential land, the district comprises restaurants and bars; the site was developed through multiple partners, including entrepreneur Chris Corso of the Park Street Complex. The district is considered to be part of the Short North due to its overlapping boundaries and mutual attractions such as the North Market.
This area is located along the Scioto River in southwest Downtown Columbus. It is bounded by Town Street to the north, Wall Street to the east, Mound Street to the so
Ohio State University
The Ohio State University referred to as Ohio State or OSU, is a large public research university in Columbus, Ohio. Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862, the university was known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College; the college began with a focus on training students in various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but it developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then-Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to "The Ohio State University", it has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States. Along with its main campus in Columbus, Ohio State operates regional campuses in Lima, Marion and Wooster; the university has an extensive student life program, with over 1,000 student organizations. Ohio State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ohio State Buckeyes. Athletes from Ohio State have won 100 Olympic medals.
The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of sports. The Ohio State men's ice hockey program competes in the Big Ten Conference, while its women's hockey program competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. In addition, the OSU men's volleyball team is a member of the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association. OSU is one of only 14 universities; the proposal of a manufacturing and agriculture university in central Ohio was met in the 1870s with hostility from the state's agricultural interests and competition for resources from Ohio University, chartered by the Northwest Ordinance, Miami University. Championed by the Republican stalwart Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, The Ohio State University was founded in 1870 as a land-grant university under the Morrill Act of 1862 as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College; the school was within a farming community on the northern edge of Columbus. While some interests in the state had hoped the new university would focus on matriculating students of various agricultural and mechanical disciplines, Hayes manipulated both the university's location and its initial board of trustees towards a more comprehensive end.
The university opened its doors to 24 students on September 17, 1873. In 1878, the first class of six men graduated; the first woman graduated the following year. In 1878, in light of its expanded focus, the Ohio legislature changed the name to "The Ohio State University", with "The" as part of its official name. Ohio State began accepting graduate students in the 1880s, in 1891, the school saw the founding of its law school, Moritz College of Law, it would acquire colleges of medicine, optometry, veterinary medicine and journalism in subsequent years. In 1916, Ohio State was elected into membership in the Association of American Universities. Michael V. Drake, former chancellor of the University of California, became the 15th president of The Ohio State University on June 30, 2014. Ohio State's 1,764-acre main campus is about 2.5 miles north of the city's downtown. The historical center of campus is a quad of about 11 acres. Four buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Hale Hall, Hayes Hall, Ohio Stadium, Orton Hall.
Unlike earlier public universities such as Ohio University and Miami University, whose campuses have a consistent architectural style, the Ohio State campus is a mix of traditional and post-modern styles. The William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library, anchoring the Oval's western end, is Ohio State library's main branch and largest repository; the Thompson Library was designed in 1913 by the Boston firm of Allen and Collens in the Italianate Renaissance Revival style, its placement on the Oval was suggested by the Olmsted Brothers who had designed New York City's Central Park. In 2006, the Thompson Library began a $100 million renovation to maintain the building's classical Italian Renaissance architecture. Ohio State operates the North America's 18th-largest university research library with a combined collection of over 5.8 million volumes. Additionally, the libraries receive about 35,000 serial titles, its recent acquisitions were 16th among university research libraries in North America. Along with 21 libraries on its Columbus campus, the university has eight branches at off-campus research facilities and regional campuses, a book storage depository near campus.
In all, the Ohio State library system encompasses specialty collections. Some more significant collections include The Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program, which has the archives of Admiral Richard E. Byrd and other polar research materials. Anchoring the traditional campus gateway at the eastern end of the Oval is the 1989 Wexner Center for the Arts. Designed by architects Peter Eisenman of New York and Richard Trott of Columbus, the center was funded in large part by Ohio State alumnus Leslie Wexner's gift of $25 million in the 1980s; the center was founded to encompass all aspects of visual and performing art
Lingerie
Lingerie is a category of women's clothing including at least undergarments and lightweight robes. The specific choice of the word is motivated by an intention to imply the garments are alluring, fashionable or both. Lingerie is made of lightweight, smooth, sheer or decorative fabrics such as silk, Lycra, chiffon or lace; these fabrics can be made of natural fibres like silk or cotton or of synthetic fibres like polyester or nylon. The word lingerie is a word taken directly from the French language, meaning undergarments, used for more lightweight items of female undergarments; the French word in its original form derives from the old French word linge, meaning'linen'. So faire le linge, comes to mean "do the laundry". In French the word lingerie applies to all undergarments for either sex. In English it means women's underwear or nightclothes. Lingerie as a word was first used to refer to underwear and bras in 1922. Informal usage suggests visually appealing or erotic clothing. Although most lingerie is designed to be worn by women, some manufacturers now design lingerie for men.
The concept of lingerie is a visually appealing undergarment, developed during the late nineteenth century. Lady Duff-Gordon of Lucile was a pioneer in developing lingerie that freed women from more restrictive corsets. Through the first half of the 20th century, women wore underwear for three primary reasons: to alter their outward shape, for hygienic reasons and for modesty. Before the invention of crinoline, women's underwear was very large and bulky. During the late 19th century, corsets became smaller, less bulky and more constricting and were supplanted by the brassiere, first patented in the 20th century by Mary Phelps Jacob; when the First World War broke out, women found themselves filling in men's work roles, creating a demand for more practical undergarments. Manufacturers began to use more breathable fabrics. In 1935 brassières were updated with padded cups to flatter small breasts and three years underwire bras were introduced that gave a protruding bustline. There was a return to a small waist achieved with girdles.
The 1940s woman had curvaceous hips and breasts that were pointy and shapely. In the 1960s the female silhouette was liberated along with social mores; the look was slim hips and extreme thinness. André Courrèges was the first to make a fashion statement out of the youth culture when his 1965 collection presented androgynous figures and the image of a modern woman comfortable with her own body; as the 20th century progressed, underwear became more form fitting. In the 1960s, lingerie manufacturers such as Frederick's of Hollywood begin to glamorise lingerie; the lingerie industry expanded in the 21st century with designs. The French refer to this as'dessous-dessus,' meaning something akin to innerwear as outerwear; the lingerie market at the turn of the 21st century was driven by the advent of modern technologies and fabrics that help in designing innovative products such as laser-cut seamless bras and moulded T-shirt bras. Designers are putting greater emphasis on rich-looking fabrics, laces and brighter colours.
The global lingerie market in 2003 was estimated at $29 billion, while in 2005, bras accounted for 56 per cent of the lingerie market and briefs represented 29 per cent. The United States’s largest lingerie retailer, Victoria's Secret, operates exclusively in North America, but the European market is fragmented, with Triumph International and DB Apparel predominant. Prominent are French lingerie houses, including Chantelle and Simone Pérèle, each with a long history and a commitment to innovation and French style. Since the mid-1990s, women have had more choice in bra sizes. In the UK, for instance, the media are fuelling an awareness campaign about the need for each woman to have a proper bra fitting before every purchase. Babydoll, a short nightgown, or negligee, intended as nightwear for women. A shorter style, it is worn with panties. Babydolls are loose-fitting with an empire waist and thin straps. Basque, a tight, form-fitting bodice or coat. Bloomers, baggy underwear that extends to just below or above the knee.
Bloomers were worn for several decades during the first part of the 20th century, but are not worn today. Bodystocking, a unitard. Bodystockings may be worn over the torso. Bodice, covers the body from the neck to the waist. Bodices are low cut in the front and high in the back and are connected with laces or hooks. Bodices may be reinforced with steel or bone to provide greater breast support. Brassiere, more referred to as a bra, a close-fitting garment, worn to help lift and support a woman’s breasts Bustier, a form fitting garment used to push up the bust and to shape the waist. Camisole and covering the top part of the body. Camisoles are constructed of light materials and feature thin "spaghetti straps". Chemise, a one-piece undergarment, the same in shape as a straight-hanging sleeveless dress, it is similar to the babydoll, but it is fitted more around the hips. Corset, a bodice worn to mould and shape the torso; this effect is achieved through boning, either of bone or steel. Corselet, or merry widow, combined girdle.
The corselet is considered to be a type of foundation garment, the modern corselet is most known as a shaping slip. G-strin
Pub
A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally include beer and cider. It is a relaxed, social drinking establishment and a prominent part of British, Breton, New Zealand, South African and Australian cultures. In many places in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community. In his 17th-century diary Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England". Pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the tied house system in the 19th century. In 1393, King Richard II of England introduced legislation that pubs had to display a sign outdoors to make them visible for passing ale tasters, who would assess the quality of ale sold. Most pubs focus on offering beers and similar drinks; as well, pubs sell wines and soft drinks and snacks. The owner, tenant or manager is known as the pub landlord or landlady, or publican. Referred to as their "local" by regulars, pubs are chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer or ale or a good selection, good food, a social atmosphere, the presence of friends and acquaintances, the availability of recreational activities such as a darts team, a skittles team, a pool or snooker table.
The pub quiz was established in the UK in the 1970s. The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire on its shores in the 1st century, the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment, began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings; the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let. These alehouses evolved into meeting houses for the folk to congregate and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies "pub" as it is colloquially called in England, they spread across the kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village. A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel.
The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. A survey in 1577 of drinking establishment in England and Wales for taxation purposes recorded 14,202 alehouses, 1,631 inns, 329 taverns, representing one pub for every 187 people. Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and food and drink, they are located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago; some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places. In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns and pubs; the latter tend to provide alcohol, but less accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: they provided not only food and lodging, but stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach.
Famous London inns include The George and The Tabard. There is, other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland; the original services of an inn are now available at other establishments, such as hotels and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they provide meals. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers; the Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales. The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments due to the introduction of gin. Brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, gin became popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits.
As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and, because of its cheapness, it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops; the drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to the ruination and degradation of the working classes. The different effects of beer and gin were illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane; the Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets
Victorian Village
Victorian Village is a neighborhood in Columbus, United States and near west of downtown. It is an older area with a fair number of established trees for an urban setting. To preserve and enhance the unique architectural and historical features, the Victorian Village Historic District was established in 1973. Columbus Monthly named this neighborhood the top place to live for Arts and Entertainment, with fun right around the corner in the Short North as its neighborhood hangout. In 1827, Columbus businessman William "Billy" Neil purchased 300 acres of farmland just north of Downtown Columbus from Joseph Vance, by 1853 owned all of the land from west of North High Street to the Olentangy River, south to First Avenue, north to Lane Avenue, he constructed a road on the property to reach his farm. After Neil's death, the land was subdivided by his heirs. Southern portions of the Neil Farm were developed and became one of Columbus’s first suburbs, Victorian Village. Development of land south of the Neil Farm was spurred by the growth in manufacturing in the Olentangy Industrial Cluster, placement of Goodale Park, the city’s first public park, streetcar service along Neil Avenue and High Streets.
Streetcar lines expanded in 1879 down Neil Avenue, which connected downtown Columbus and The Ohio State University. Because of the streetcar, Neil Avenue became a major north-south route; the Neil Farm, west of current-day Neil Avenue and south of West Fifth Avenue, was platted between 1888 and 1902. Lots were reserved exclusively for large homes. Electric Streetcar Service along High Street in 1888, followed by Neil Avenue in 1891, further increased the demand for housing between The Ohio State University and downtown Columbus. By 1920, the majority of these parcels had filled in with Victorian, Italianate Queen Anne, Second Empire, Carpenter-Stick and Four Square style homes. Following 1920, the streetcar gave way to the automobile as the main source of transportation. Increased mobility allowed residents to move further away and into suburbs of Columbus; as that occurred, businesses began moving to the suburbs to be closer to their customers, which led to a decline in the neighborhood. The nearby Flytown, Short North and Italian Village neighborhoods suffered similar decline.
Renewed interest in Victorian Village was sparked in the 1970s, following the successes of German Village, which had undergone significant revival in the 1960s. Restoration begun in Victorian Village was carried out under the auspices of the Victorian Village Commission, established as a historic district by the City of Columbus in 1973. In 1980, it was listed on the list of National Historic Places and is in the Near North Side Historic District. Victorian Village is a neighborhood located near west of Downtown, it is just north of the Arena District and to the East is the Italian Village. Its southern boundary, Goodale Avenue, is a block away from North Market and the Columbus Convention Center and its northern boundary, West Fifth Avenue, is half a mile away from The Ohio State University, it is an older area with a fair number of established trees for an urban setting. Neil Avenue is the main thoroughfare through Victorian Village, a street that crosses through the campus of The Ohio State University.
It shares its High Street boundary with the Short North neighborhood to its east. Harrison Avenue forms its western boundary. Cocoa Manor is located at 76 Buttles Avenue, it is a built Georgian Style home and could be considered a large mansion compared to other Victorian Village residences. It is known to locals as being an ostentatious anachronism; the owner of Anthony-Thomas Candy Company, Greg Zanetos lives in the home. Built between 1890 and 1914, the Neil Avenue United Methodist Church was first designed by the J. W. Yost firm in 1890, but completed by Stribling and Lum in 1914. In 1996 it became the home to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Referred to as the hub of Victorian Village, Goodale Park is a 32-acre park at the southern tip of Victorian Village. Goodale Park is bounded by Buttles Avenue and Goodale Street to the north and south, Dennison Avenue and Park Street on its west and east sides; as Columbus’s oldest planned park, it was established after land was gifted to the city by Lincoln Goodale in 1851.
During the United States Civil War, the park was used to recruit Union soldiers in the spring and summer of 1861. In 1862 the park was improved. A fountain was built in the southwest corner and East Lake was under construction. In 1877, the park became home to two bears, three fox, nineteen rabbits, two wolves, all of which were moved to a barred building for visitors to spectate; the lakes were reconstructed after the Great Depression with the funds from President Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration. In 1951 the park celebrated its centennial with nearly 300 spectators. Today, Goodale Park is known as host for a major annual festival. Built in 1895 by the circus magnate Peter Sells, architect Frank Packard designed this Romanesque house with influence from the Sells family trip to California in 1891; the dramatic rooflines, curved Moorish style windows, terracotta-tile roof suggest a similar profile to that of a circus big top. Packard designed the carriage house, occupied by the servants of the Sells family.
Once settled in the new residence, the Sellses furnished the house with pieces from their travels around the world, creating a lavish and exotic feel to the interior. The Sells family occupied the house until 1899, when Peter and his wife Mary divorced due to Mary’s alleged infidelity; the ensuing divorce trial was front-page news, as Columbusites became fascinated with the scandalous c
