1.
David Fincher
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David Andrew Leo Fincher is an American director and producer, notably for films, television series, and music videos. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for the fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. For the latter, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director and his films Zodiac and The Social Network are ranked in BBCs 2016 poll of the greatest motion pictures since 2000. Howard died of cancer in April 2003, Fincher knew from a young age he wanted to go into filmmaking. When Fincher was two old, the family moved to San Anselmo, California, where filmmaker George Lucas was one of his neighbors. Fincher moved to Ashland, Oregon in his teens, where he graduated from Ashland High School, inspired by Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Fincher began making movies at age eight with an 8mm camera. Fincher was employed at Korty Films as a production assistant and he moved up the ranks and became a visual effects producer, working on the animated Twice Upon a Time. He was hired by Industrial Light & Magic in 1983 as an assistant cameraman and matte photographer, and worked on Return of the Jedi and Indiana Jones, in 1984, he left ILM to direct a commercial for the American Cancer Society that depicted a fetus smoking a cigarette. This quickly brought Fincher to the attention of producers in Los Angeles, though he would continue to direct spots for Levis, Converse, Nike, Pepsi, Revlon, Sony, Coca-Cola, Chanel, and other companies, Fincher began to focus on music videos. Set on a career, Fincher co-founded video-production company Propaganda Films and started off directing music videos. After directing several music videos, Finchers feature debut was Alien 3, while it received an Oscar nomination for visual effects, the film was not well received by critics or moviegoers. Fincher became involved with disputes with 20th Century Fox over script. In Directors Cut, Picturing Hollywood in the 21st Century, he blames the producers for not putting the necessary trust in him. He stated in an interview with The Guardian in 2009, No one hated it more than me, to this day, no one hates it more than me. After this, he retreated back into the world of commercial, the film, based on a screenplay by Andrew Kevin Walker, told the story of two detectives tracking down a serial killer who bases his killings on the seven deadly sins. The film grossed more than $100 million domestically, after the success of Seven, Fincher went on to film The Game. The story focused on a closed-off San Francisco businessman who receives a gift from his younger brother. The film had middling box-office returns despite being well received by critics, Fight Club is a screen adaptation of Chuck Palahniuks 1996 novel about an insomniac office worker who opens up a club devoted exclusively to bare knuckle fighting for men
2.
Dana Brunetti
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Dana Brunetti is an American film producer and social networking entrepreneur. He is the president of Kevin Spaceys production company, Trigger Street Productions, in 2016, he became the president of Relativity Media with Kevin Spacey taking on a chairman position. Brunetti has been nominated for two Academy Awards for producing The Social Network and Captain Phillips, Brunetti grew up in Covington, Virginia, and attended secondary school at Alleghany High School. As a child, Brunetti delivered morning and evening editions of his local newspaper and he joined the U. S. Coast Guard in 1992. During his enlistment, Brunetti moved to New York and he met actor Kevin Spacey through a chance introduction from a mutual friend while Brunetti was working at a start up digital wireless network company. Shortly after that first introduction, Spacey hired Brunetti as his executive assistant, Brunetti worked with Spacey through several feature films, such as American Beauty and The Shipping News. In 2001, Brunetti transformed Spaceys Trigger Street Productions TriggerStreet. com, originally the static homepage for TriggerStreet Productions, the site enabled users worldwide to submit screenplays and short films for feedback from other members. It was one of the first large scale projects of its type, the transformation embodied Spaceys philosophy to, send the elevator down, for creative and talented artists simply needing a chance in Hollywood. TriggerStreet. com was relaunched in 2002 as a social media site, hosting member profiles, providing member ratings of submitted work. TriggerStreet steadily gained users resulting in it being named one of the top 50 best websites of 2004 by Time Magazine, the site is now known as TriggerStreet Labs expanding to include short story submissions. Soon after the launch of the new TriggerStreet. com, Brunetti embarked on his own successful producing career, in 2002, Brunetti co-produced the documentaries Uncle Frank and America Rebuilds, A Year At Ground Zero through TriggerStreet. The controversial unreleased documentary Hackers Wanted was also part of the early film slate of the company, in 2004, Spacey promoted Brunetti to President of TriggerStreet productions. Brunettis first feature film producing credit was as co-producer for Beyond the Sea and his first full feature credit was Minis First Time. He later produced the film The Sasquatch Dumpling Gang and he also produced the Emmy-nominated Bernard and Doris. Brunetti, a Star Wars fan himself, eagerly produced the Star Wars comedy Fanboys, the film was distributed by The Weinstein Company, and originally slated for release on August 17,2007. However, after delays for re-shoots and disagreements over the final cut. Brunetti discussed the struggles with The Weinstein Company in interviews on KCRWs The Business podcast. Brunettis first major success was for 21, a based on Ben Mezrichs New York Times best selling book Bringing Down The House
3.
Michael De Luca
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Michael De Luca is an American film producer and screenwriter. The former president of production at both New Line Cinema and DreamWorks, De Luca has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Picture, De Luca was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. His mother was a German Jewish immigrant, and his father, De Luca began pursuing a career in showbuisness in 1986. Originally tapped to work as an editor, he rose fairly quickly through the ranks, thanks in part to his mentor, chair. De Luca did complete his degree from Tisch School of the Arts of New York University in 1995, in 1990, De Luca made his debut in the film industry as an associate producer on Leatherface, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III. De Luca has been collecting comics since childhood and is a fan of comic books and graphic novels, in particular the works of Frank Miller. During his tenure at New Line Cinema, he oversaw a variety of films that would come to define the studio, including Seven, Friday, Boogie Nights, Austin Powers, Rush Hour, Blade and Magnolia. DeLuca wrote and produced Freddys Dead, The Final Nightmare, the entry in the long-running Nightmare on Elm Street franchise. After New Line Cinema, De Luca became President of Production at DreamWorks, after his contract with DreamWorks ended, De Luca signed a production deal with Sony Pictures and started his own production company, Michael De Luca Productions. His first release under his company was Ghost Rider starring Nicolas Cage, followed by 21. He was nominated for the Best Picture Oscar two years in a row for 2010s The Social Network and Moneyball and he received a third nomination in 2014 for producing Paul Greengrass Captain Phillips. De Luca also produced the 2011 remake of the classic vampire horror film film Fright Night. De Luca and Dana Brunetti reunited for Fifty Shades of Grey and it was a massive financial success, becoming one of the highest-grossing R-rated films of all time. In 2009, he married actress Angelique Madrid from Ft. Worth, Texas and they have a daughter, Skylar, and a son, Caden. Michael De Luca at the Internet Movie Database DeLuca Interview at Collider Variety DeLuca at Hollywood
4.
Aaron Sorkin
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Aaron Benjamin Sorkin is an American screenwriter, producer, and playwright. Sorkins trademark rapid-fire dialogue and extended monologues are complemented, in television, Sorkin was born in Manhattan, New York City, to a Jewish family, and was raised in the New York suburb of Scarsdale. His mother was a schoolteacher and his father a lawyer who had fought in WWII. Bill, both his sister and brother went on to become lawyers. His paternal grandfather was one of the founders of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, Sorkin took an early interest in acting. Before he reached his teenage years, his parents were taking him to the theatre to see such as Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. Sorkin attended Scarsdale High School where he involved in the drama. In eighth grade he played General Bullmoose in the musical Lil Abner, in Scarsdale Highs senior class production of Once Upon a Mattress, Sorkin played Sir Harry. He served as president in his junior and senior year at Scarsdale High School. In 1979, Sorkin attended Syracuse University, in his freshman year he failed a class that was a core requirement. It was a setback because he wanted to be an actor. Determined to do better, he returned in his sophomore year and you have the capacity to be so much better than you are, he started saying to me in September of my senior year. He was still saying it in May, on the last day of classes, he said it again, and I said, How. and he answered, Dare to fail. Ive been coming through on his ever since. One weekend, while housesitting at a place he found an IBM Selectric typewriter, started typing, and felt a phenomenal confidence. He continued writing and eventually put together his first play, Removing All Doubt, which he sent to his old Syracuse theatre teacher, Arthur Storch, in 1984, Removing All Doubt was staged for drama students at his alma mater, Syracuse University. After that, he wrote Hidden in This Picture which debuted off-off-Broadway at Steve Olsens West Bank Cafe Downstairs Theatre Bar in New York City in 1988, the contents of his first two plays got him a theatrical agent. Producer John A. McQuiggan saw the production of Hidden in This Picture, Sorkin got the inspiration to write his next play, a courtroom drama called A Few Good Men, from a phone conversation with his sister Deborah
5.
The Accidental Billionaires
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Co-founder Eduardo Saverin served as Mezrichs main consultant, although Mark Zuckerberg declined to speak with him while the book was being researched. After Zuckerberg and Saverin settled their lawsuit, Saverin broke off contact with the author, ben Mezrich maintains that the book is not a work of fiction despite his narrative style of writing. Some of his sources are his conversations with Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverin, the story begins a few weeks preceding the launch of thefacebook. com in Harvard. Zuckerbergs stunt, though successful, puts him at odds with the Harvard Administrative Board and he does get noticed by Harvard seniors, the Winklevoss twins Cameron and Tyler and Divya Narendra who are trying to launch a dating site. The trio approach Zuckerberg and convince him to join in, however, Zuckerberg sees that their site does not have what he thinks is the right approach and starts to develop thefacebook. com with some help from Saverin and Zuckerbergs roommates. Once thefacebook. com is launched it becomes an instant hit on campus and infuriates the Winklevoss twins and Narendra, the story then narrates the changing relationship between Saverin and Zuckerberg, who have different methods of operating. While the first half of the book centers on the Harvard University campus and focuses on college life, sean Parker of Napster fame becomes a mentor to Zuckerberg and guides him through Silicon Valley venture capitalists and other players in the industry. Saverin, while completing his graduation, continues to feel sidelined by Parker, the end of the book cannot provide a conclusion since, according to the authors admission, matters are ongoing in the court of law. However, it does close a chapter in the Facebook story, columbia Pictures released a film adaptation of the book in 2010 titled The Social Network. The film was directed by David Fincher with the written by Aaron Sorkin. The film starred Jesse Eisenberg, Andrew Garfield, and Justin Timberlake
6.
Ben Mezrich
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Ben Mezrich is an American author from Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Mezrich was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Molli Newman, a lawyer, and Dr. Reuben Mezrich and he was raised in a conservative Jewish household and attended Princeton Day School, in Princeton, New Jersey. He graduated magna cum laude with a degree in Social Studies from Harvard University in 1991, some of his books have been written under the pseudonym Holden Scott. He is known for his non-fiction books and he has been married to Tonya M. Chen since 2006. Mezrich is best known for his first non-fiction work, Bringing Down the House, the story was made into the movie 21, released in 2008. In 2004, Mezrich published a new book called Ugly Americans, also a nonfiction work, this book recounts the exploits of an American named John Malcolm, who was an assistant securities trader. In 2005 Mezrich published Busting Vegas, The MIT Whiz Kid Who Brought the Casinos to Their Knees a semi-sequel to Bringing Down the House. The book tells the story of another student involved in a similar Blackjack team, as with Bringing Down the House many of the events depicted in Busting Vegas were later contested by main character Semyon Dukach who described the book as only about half true. Mezrich published a new book in July 2009 about Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, titled The Accidental Billionaires, The Founding Of Facebook, A Tale of Sex, Money, Genius, and Betrayal. It debuted at No.4 on the New York Times Nonfiction Bestseller List, aaron Sorkin adapted the book for the screenplay of the film The Social Network, which was released on October 1,2010. It was directed by David Fincher and stars Jesse Eisenberg as Mark Zuckerberg,2014 saw the release of Seven Wonders, Mezrichs first novel since The Carrier in 2001. Seven Wonders is a thriller involving murder, conspiracy, historical mystery. In it, the brother of a murdered mathematician takes a far-flung journey—from Brazil, India, Peru, publishers Weekly writes that Mezrich has written a rollicking adventure with a fantastic behind-the-scenes tour of some of the worlds most intriguing spots. He also represented Massachusetts as a contestant in the Sexiest Bachelor in America Pageant on Fox in 2000, fatal Error is a TBS premiere movie adaptation of his second book, Reaper, starring Antonio Sabato, Jr. and Robert Wagner. Skin was originally written as an X-Files episode, rigged was optioned by Mark Cubans 2929 as well as Q, a work of fiction by Mezrich. Ugly Americans has been optioned by Summit, with a written by Robert Schenkkan, Pulitzer Prize-winning writer of The Quiet American. Official website Ben Mezrich at the Internet Movie Database Poker Moments Interview, September 24,2010 Appearances on C-SPAN In Depth interview with Mezrich, November 6,2011
7.
Jesse Eisenberg
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Jesse Adam Eisenberg is an American actor, author and playwright. Born and raised in New York City, Eisenberg began acting in plays at an early age, in 2006, Eisenberg won the Vail Film Festival Rising Star Award for his role in The Living Wake. In 2009, he starred in the comedy-drama film Adventureland with Kristen Stewart and the horror comedy Zombieland with Emma Stone, Abigail Breslin, and Woody Harrelson. He then played Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg in the 2010 film The Social Network, for which he received nominations for awards, including the BAFTA, Golden Globe. He also starred in Holy Rollers, which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. Since then, he has gone on to voice the character, Blu, a male Spixs macaw, in the animated films Rio and Rio 2. Eisenberg then starred in two films by Woody Allen, To Rome with Love and Café Society, and the magician heist film Now You See Me, Eisenberg has contributed pieces to The New Yorker and McSweeneys websites. He has written and starred in three plays for the New York stage, Asuncion, The Revisionist, and The Spoils, Eisenbergs first book, Bream Gives Me Hiccups, and Other Stories, a short story collection, was released in September 2015. Eisenberg was born in Queens, New York, and grew up in East Brunswick and his mother, Amy, who now teaches cross cultural sensitivity in hospitals, previously worked as a clown at childrens parties and choreographer for a Catholic high school for 20 years. His father, Barry Eisenberg, drove a taxicab, then owned and worked at a hospital, Jesse Eisenberg is Jewish and was brought up in a secular Jewish family that originated in Poland and Ukraine. He attended the East Brunswick Public Schools at Frost School, Hammarskjold Middle School, and Churchill Junior High School, Eisenberg then transferred to the High School of Performing Arts in New York. When he was a senior, he received his role in the independent comedy-drama film Roger Dodger. His work in the film prevented Eisenberg from enrolling at New York University, Eisenberg struggled to fit in at school due to an anxiety disorder, and began acting in plays at an early age. At 13, he understudied the role of Young Scrooge in a version of A Christmas Carol starring Tony Randall. Eisenberg made his first professional role in Arje Shaws off-Broadway play, The Gathering and he stated, When playing a role, I would feel more comfortable, as youre given a prescribed way of behaving. Pre-fame, Eisenberg got into trouble with Woody Allens lawyers, as a teenager he penned a play about how Allen came to change his name and managed to get the script to Allens people. Instead of a seal of approval, Eisenberg received two cease and desist letters, ironically, Eisenberg went on to star in two films directed by Allen, To Rome with Love, and Café Society. Eisenberg made his debut in the series Get Real, from 1999 to 2000
8.
Andrew Garfield
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Andrew Russell Garfield is a British American actor. Born in Los Angeles and raised in Epsom, Surrey, Garfield began his career on the UK stage and he made his feature-film debut in the 2007 ensemble drama Lions for Lambs. Garfield subsequently received praise for his performance as the character in the 2012 superhero film The Amazing Spider-Man. He has also performed on stage, playing Biff in the 2012 Broadway revival of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, in 2014, he co-produced and starred in the thriller-drama 99 Homes. In 2016, Garfield starred in two critically acclaimed dramas, Mel Gibsons Hacksaw Ridge and Martin Scorseses Silence. His portrayal of Desmond T. Doss in the former earned him nominations for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, BAFTA, Garfield was born in Los Angeles County, California. His mother, Lynn, is from Essex, England, and his father, Garfields paternal grandparents were also from the United Kingdom. His parents moved the family from Los Angeles to Great Britain when he was three years old, and Garfield was raised in Epsom, Surrey, in a middle-class home, Garfields father is Jewish, Garfield had a secular upbringing, though he has described himself as Jewish. His paternal grandparents were from Jewish immigrant families who had moved to London from Central and Eastern Europe, Garfields parents ran a small interior design business, his mother is a teaching assistant at a nursery school, and his father became head coach of the Guildford Swimming Club. He has a brother who is a doctor. Garfield was a gymnast and a swimmer during his early years and he had originally intended to study business but became interested in acting at the age of sixteen. Garfield began taking acting classes in Silchar, Surrey, when he was 9 and he also joined a small youth theatre workshop group in Epsom, and began working primarily in stage acting. Garfield made his British television debut in 2005 appearing in the Channel 4 teen drama Sugar Rush, in 2007 he garnered public attention when he appeared in the series 3 of the BBCs Doctor Who, in the episodes Daleks in Manhattan and Evolution of the Daleks. Garfield commented that it was an honour to be a part of Doctor Who, in October 2007, he was named one of Varietys 10 Actors to Watch. He made his American film debut in November 2007, playing an American university student in the ensemble drama Lions for Lambs, with co-stars Tom Cruise, Meryl Streep and Robert Redford. Im just lucky to be working on the same project as them, although I dont really expect to be recognised later by audiences. In his review for The Boston Globe, Wesley Morris considered Garfields work a willing punching bag for the movies jabs, in the Channel 4 drama Boy A, released in November 2007, he portrayed a notorious killer trying to find new life after prison. The role garnered him the 2008 British Academy Television Award for Best Actor, amy Biancolli of the Houston Chronicle wrote that there is no doubt about the intelligence and sensitivity of Garfields portrayal
9.
Justin Timberlake
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Justin Randall Timberlake is an American singer-songwriter, actor and record producer. Born and raised in Tennessee, he appeared on the television shows Star Search, in the late 1990s, Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC, which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time. With his first two albums exceeding sales of 10 million copies worldwide, he was established as one of the most commercially successful singers of the decade, furthermore, he produced records and collaborated with other artists. For his live performances, including the concert tour for the albums, he began performing with his band The Tennessee Kids, composed by instrumentalists. Timberlake voiced the character in DreamWorks Animations Trolls, which soundtrack includes his fifth Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping single. Among numerous awards and accolades, Timberlake has won ten Grammy Awards, four Emmy Awards, Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and 2013. His other ventures include record label Tennman Records, fashion label William Rast, Timberlake was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the son of Lynn Harless and Charles Randall Timberlake, a Baptist church choir director. Timberlake grew up in Shelby Forest, a community between Memphis and Millington. He has two half-brothers, Jonathan and Stephen, from Charles second marriage to Lisa Perry and his half-sister Laura Katherine died shortly after birth on May 12,1997, and is mentioned in his acknowledgments in the album NSYNC as My Angel in Heaven. He was inspired to become a performer by Janet Jackson, saying She didnt just stand there and sing her song, fascinated by her energy, at the age of 11, Timberlake appeared on the television show Star Search, performing country music songs as Justin Randall. Timberlake then recruited Chasez to be in a singing group, organized by boy band manager Lou Pearlman. The boy band NSYNC formed in 1995, and began their career in 1996 in Europe, Timberlake and Chasez served as its two lead singers. In 1998, the rose to prominence in the United States with the release of their self-titled debut studio album. Their second album No Strings Attached sold 2.4 million copies in the first week, nSYNCs third album Celebrity was also financially successful. Upon the completion of the Celebrity Tour, the group went into hiatus in 2002, in late 1999, Timberlake appeared in the Disney Channel movie Model Behavior. He played Jason Sharpe, a model who falls in love with a waitress after mistaking her for another model and it was released on March 12,2000. The rise of his own stardom and the decline in the popularity of boy bands led to the dissolution of NSYNC. Band member Lance Bass was openly critical of Timberlakes actions in his memoir Out of Sync and his debut solo studio album Justified was released in November and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 439,000 copies, fewer than previous N Sync releases
10.
Armie Hammer
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Armand Douglas Armie Hammer is an American actor. He played the role of Illya Kuryakin in The Man from U. N. C. L. E. for his portrayal of Clyde Tolson in J. Edgar, he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. Hammer was born in Los Angeles, California and his mother, Dru Ann, is a former bank loan officer, and his father, Michael Armand Hammer, owns several businesses, including Knoedler Publishing and Armand Hammer Productions. He has a brother, Viktor. Hammers paternal great-grandfather was oil tycoon and philanthropist Armand Hammer, Armands own parents were Russian Jewish immigrants, and Armands father, Julius Hammer, who was from Odessa, founded the Communist Party in New York. Armies paternal great-grandmother was Russian-born actress and singer Olga Vadimovna Vadina and his paternal grandmother was from Texas, while his mothers family is from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Armie has described his background as half Jewish, in 2013, genealogical research by staff members of Ancestry. com stated that one of Hammers eight times great-grandfathers was the Cherokee chief Kanagatucko. Hammer lived in the Dallas enclave of Highland Park for several years, when he was seven, his family moved to the Cayman Islands, where they lived for five years, and then settled back in Los Angeles. He attended Faulkners Academy in Governors Harbour, Grace Christian Academy in the Cayman Islands and he dropped out of high school in eleventh grade to pursue an acting career. He played Harrison Bergeron in 2081, based on the short story Harrison Bergeron by author Kurt Vonnegut, in 2007, Hammer was hand-picked by filmmaker George Miller, after a long search, to star in Justice League, Mortal as Batman/Bruce Wayne. The film was to be directed by Miller, but he left the project, in 2010, Hammer co-starred in David Finchers The Social Network, about the creation of Facebook. He portrayed the identical twins Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, with Josh Pence, Hammer stated that he had to learn how to row on both sides of a boat in order to play the twins, who are rowing champions. His next role was in Clint Eastwoods J. Edgar, a drama about J. Edgar Hoover and he co-starred with Julia Roberts and Lily Collins in Mirror Mirror, playing Prince Andrew Alcott. In January 2012, he voiced the Winklevoss twins in an episode of The Simpsons titled The Doh-cial Network, Hammer played the Lone Ranger, alongside Johnny Depp as Tonto, in the 2013 adaptation of the radio and film serials. In 2015, he starred in director Guy Ritchies film adaptation of the 1960s TV show The Man from U. N. C. L. E, playing Illya Kuryakin, opposite Henry Cavill. Hammer also played the character of Sam Turner in the 2016 film The Birth of a Nation, in this controversial film he co stars with Nate Parker and Preston L. In the same year, Hammer played in the film Mine as the protagonist Mike Stevens, Hammer played Oliver in Call Me By Your Name, starring opposite Timothée Chalamet and Michael Stuhlbarg. The film, an adaptation of an André Aciman novel of the name, was directed by Luca Guadagnino, began filming in May 2016
11.
Max Minghella
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Max Giorgio Choa Minghella is an English actor and screenwriter. He has appeared in several American films, making his debut in Bee Season before starring in Art School Confidential, The Social Network, Minghella was born in Hampstead, London, the son of director Anthony Minghella and dancer and choreographer Carolyn Jane Choa. His father was born in Ryde, Isle of Wight, and was of Italian descent and his maternal grandfather was of three quarters Han Chinese and one quarter Jewish descent, and his maternal grandmother was of Chinese, English, Irish, Indian Parsi, and Swedish ancestry. His maternal great-grandfather was Hong Kong legislator Robert Kotewall, and his maternal great-great-grandfather was Calcutta-born businessman Emanuel Raphael Belilios. Minghella spent time on his fathers film sets while growing up and he was educated at St Anthonys Preparatory School and University College School in Hampstead. He then attended Columbia University, which he considered his first priority and he typically worked on films only during his summer break. He said that he felt like an English boy at an American school, that he kept to himself, and he did not always want to become an actor. He said, I thought it was sort of embarrassing to say you wanted to be an actor – it was, like, and growing up I was massively concerned with seeming cool. I thought up until about age 16 that I was going to be a video director. Minghella had an appearance as an extra in his fathers film Cold Mountain. His first professional role was in Bee Season, playing the son of a dysfunctional Jewish American family, Minghella followed with the political thriller Syriana, which was also released in November 2005, playing the son of George Clooneys CIA agent character. In 2006, he starred in the Daniel Clowes adaptation Art School Confidential and he got the part after meeting Zwigoff when he visited the set of Bee Season. His film Elvis and Anabelle, a romantic drama in which he plays an undertakers son. He described it as a sweet film. He was to play Art Bechstein in the version of writer Michael Chabons novel The Mysteries of Pittsburgh. The press reported in 2007 that Minghella was cast in Beeban Kidrons Hippie Hippie Shake, in March 2008, it was announced that he would star in Alejandro Amenábars second English language film, Agora. The film is set in 4th century Egypt and revolves around Hypatia of Alexandria, later in 2008, Minghella played a pompous film director in How to Lose Friends & Alienate People, and was seen in a segment of the dark comedy Brief Interviews with Hideous Men. In June 2010, Minghella was cast in the Russian science-fiction film The Darkest Hour and he appeared in the ensemble dramedy 10 Years
12.
Trent Reznor
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Michael Trent Reznor, known professionally as Trent Reznor, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and film score composer. As a vocalist and multi-instrumentalist, Reznor is best known as the founder and his first release under this pseudonym, the 1989 album Pretty Hate Machine, was a commercial and critical success. He has since released eight studio albums and he left Interscope Records in 2007 and was an independent recording artist until signing with Columbia Records in 2012. Reznor was associated with the bands Option 30, The Urge, The Innocent, outside of Nine Inch Nails, he has contributed to the albums of artists such as Marilyn Manson and Saul Williams. In 1997, Reznor appeared in Times list of the years most influential people, while Spin magazine has described him as the most vital artist in music, Reznor was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, the son of Nancy Lou and Michael Reznor. He has English, German, and Irish ancestry and he is a descendant of George Reznor, who founded the Reznor Company, a heating and air conditioning manufacturer, in 1888. Reznor grew up in Mercer, Pennsylvania, after his parents had divorced, he lived with his maternal grandparents, while his sister Tera lived with their mother. Reznor began playing the piano at the age of twelve and showed an aptitude for music. In a 1995 interview, his grandfather, Bill Clark, remarked, Music was his life and his former piano teacher Rita Beglin said that he always reminded me of Harry Connick, Jr. when he played. Reznor has acknowledged that his life in Pennsylvania left him feeling isolated from the outside world. In a 1994 interview with Rolling Stone, he referenced his choices in the industry, However. At Mercer Area Junior/Senior High School, he learned to play the tenor saxophone and he was a member of both the jazz and marching band. Former Mercer High School band director Dr. Hendley Hoge remembered Reznor as very upbeat, Reznor also became involved in theater while in high school. He was voted Best in Drama by classmates for his roles as Judas in Jesus Christ Superstar, Reznor graduated in 1983 and enrolled at Allegheny College, where he studied computer engineering. While he was a student at Mercer Area Junior/Senior High School, Reznor joined local band Option 30, after a year of college, Reznor dropped out and moved to Cleveland, Ohio, to pursue a career in music. His first band in Cleveland was the Urge, a cover band, in 1985, he joined The Innocent as a keyboardist, they released one album, Livin in the Street, but Reznor left the band after three months. In 1986, he joined local band Exotic Birds and appeared with them as a band called The Problems in the 1987 film Light of Day. Reznor also contributed on keyboards to the band Slam Bamboo during this time, Reznor got a job at Clevelands Right Track Studio as an assistant engineer and janitor
13.
Atticus Ross
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Atticus Matthew Cowper Ross is an English musician, songwriter, record producer, and audio engineer. Along with Trent Reznor, Ross won the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Social Network in 2010, in 2013, the pair won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media for their soundtrack to The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. In 2016, Ross became a member of Reznors band Nine Inch Nails. Ross was born in Ladbroke Grove, London, the son of Roxana Lampson and Ian Ross and he has five siblings, including fashion model Liberty Ross and musician Leopold Ross. His maternal grandfather was diplomat Miles Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn, Ross was educated at Eton College, where he was a contemporary of future Prime Minister David Cameron, and at the Courtauld Institute of Art. Ross first came to notice in the mid-1990s as a programmer for Tim Simenons Bomb the Bass during the period of the albums Unknown Territory and he worked on a number of production and remix projects with Simenon, as well as forming a collaborative relationship with Barry Adamson. He programmed The Negro Inside Me and Oedipus Schmoedipus, and produced As Above So Below before forming his own band,12 Rounds, with Claudia Sarne and they released two albums, Jitterjuice and My Big Hero. A third full-length album was produced by Trent Reznor, but was never finished. Three songs from that album have since released on the bands website. Since moving to the United States in 2000, Ross has been credited as a producer and/or programmer on the Nine Inch Nails albums With Teeth, Year Zero, Ghosts I-IV, The Slip and he performed live with the band at the Wiltern. Other work has included two co-productions with Joe Barresi, the Loverman EP Human Nurture and Coheed and Cambrias Year of the Black Rainbow and he has also produced tracks or created remixes for such artists as Grace Jones, Perry Farrell, and Telepathe. In May 2010, Ross appeared in a video and was named as a member of a secret project, later revealed to be How to Destroy Angels. In 2016, Ross composed a score for FIFA 17s new single-player story campaign mode titled The Journey. Ross work in music began in 2004 when he scored the Hughes Brothers TV series Touching Evil with his wife, Claudia Sarne. He has since provided music for two further Hughes Brothers projects, Allen Hughes vignette in the film New York, I Love You, the Book of Eli score was released through Reprise Records on 12 January 2010. It won at the BMI awards and earned Ross a nomination as Discovery of the Year at the 2010 World Soundtrack Awards, on 1 July 2010, Trent Reznor announced that he and Ross were scoring David Finchers new film The Social Network. The soundtrack was released on 28 September 2010 and was highly praised, on 16 January 2011, they won the award for Best Original Score at the 68th Golden Globe Awards for their score to The Social Network. On 27 February, they received the Academy Award Best Original Score for The Social Network, Ross and Reznor again collaborated on the soundtrack to Finchers 2011 film Girl With the Dragon Tattoo
14.
Relativity Media
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Relativity Media LLC is an American media company headquartered in Beverly Hills, California, founded in 2004 by Lynwood Spinks and Ryan Kavanaugh. The studio was the third largest mini-major globally until bankruptcy on July 30,2015 and its full-scale film studio acquires, develops, produces and distributes films. The companys partners and financial institutions have invested $20 billion as of 2012 in entertainment investments with partners such as Citibank, Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank, Relativity Media also works in fashion, sports, digital and music. On July 30,2015, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York after lawsuits, in March 2016, the company emerged from the bankruptcy. The studio was founded by Ryan Kavanaugh and Lynwood Spinks in 2004 as a middleman company arranging multi-film slate deals with studios then arranging financial support through banks, Relativity Media would receive film equity, producers credit and a fee. Initially, Stark Investments, a Wisconsin-based hedge fund, funded the companys single-picture business, by 2007, these investors stopped making movie-finance deals. Elliott Management, a $16 billion New York–based hedge fund run by Paul Singer, then took a minority share of the company access to around $1 billion in capital. On January 4,2009, the acquired the genre label Rogue from Universal. Relativity oversaw Rogues 2009 film offerings, which consisted of Last House On The Left, The Unborn, Come Out Fighting, the deal also included the Rogue film library, featuring such films as Assault On Precinct 13 and The Strangers. One of the first arrangements was that the movie 21 and Over was partially filmed in Dongshigu, on May 18,2012, it was reported that Relativity was in talks to buy German producer-distributor Senator Entertainment. On July 6,2010, Relativity and Netflix announced a five-year-plus Pay-TV deal, the first two films to stream on Netflix were The Fighter and Skyline. On July 23,2010, Relativity acquired the 45-person marketing and distribution staff of Starz Overture Films, the studio distributed its first film on December 3,2010. The Warriors Way was directed by Sngmoo Lee and starring Jang Dong-gun, Geoffrey Rush, on May 20,2012, it was reported that Relativity and EuropaCorp signed a co-production and co-financing deal on two movies and Relativity will distribute in U. S. Relativity also has deals with Atlas Entertainment and Virgin Produced. In September 2011, Robbie Brenner was promoted from Executive Vice President, Production to President, on November 27,2011 it was reported Ron Burkle loaned $200 million to Relativity for Immortals and Mirror Mirror. On January 23,2012, Burkle purchased an equity stake in Relativity Media from Elliot Capital Management for at least $800 million. On May 31,2012 Relativity and Ron Burkle announced they raised $350 million in funding for films, Ron Burkle will also join the board of Relativity, along with Jason Colodne and Jason Beckman who are partners at Colbeck Capital. In July 2012, Relativity merged its Rogue Sports, an agency with Maximum Sports Management, a football agency
15.
Trigger Street Productions
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Trigger Street Productions is an American entertainment production company formed by Kevin Spacey and his producing partner Dana Brunetti in 1997. The name Trigger Street is a reference to a street in Spaceys boyhood home of Chatsworth. Spacey and his friends dreamed of opening a neighborhood theater where they could stage their own Trigger Street productions. In January 2016, Trigger Street Productions was acquired by Relativity Media, as a result, Spacey became chairman of their film division, Relativity Studios, and Dana Brunetti became president. Trigger Street Labs was developed by Dana Brunetti and launched in 2002 as a community for unrepresented writers and filmmakers. In its first few years it had thousands of online users uploading their work, reviewing work by their peers, the site was previously sponsored by Stella Artois, and in October 2009, Artois hosted the Stella Artois Short Film Project. The project was hosted on the site, and awarded the prize of US$50,000 to Jason Klein for his short film A Perfect Time. Trigg. la is a website from Trigger Street Labs. It hosts several podcasts, a blog, and information about other Los Angeles-based industries. Trigglas podcasts, which are now off-air, were categorized under the headings of the arts, music, society and culture, in addition there was a podcast by the porn star Kayden Kross called Kaydens Review which reviewed mainstream films. One of the podcasts, The First 15, was co-hosted by Carter Swan, vice president of Trigger Street Productions, the show featured a different would-be screenwriter each week who was interviewed via Skype and advised on how to make improvements to the first fifteen pages of their script. The screenplays originated from the Trigger Street Labs website, in the competitions first year the actor was Kevin Spacey. Each year the competition features a new actor and a new set of finalists to work with that actor, in the first years of the competition only one finalist was selected from each of these three territories, the United States, South Africa and Russia. In later years the competition was opened up to include more territories, the resulting films are debuted in a red carpet screening and screened online on Jamesons YouTube channel. The competition has run ever since its first year with a new set of winners
16.
Columbia Pictures
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The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
17.
Biographical film
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A biographical film, or biopic, is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people. Such films show the life of a person and the central characters real name is used. Because the figures portrayed are actual people, whose actions and characteristics are known to the public, biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses. Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island, Custen, in Bio/Pics, How Hollywood Constructed Public History, regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era, and in particular, Darryl F. Zanuck. On the other hand, Binghams 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway, ellen Cheshires Bio-Pics, a life in pictures examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s. Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list, christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article, Taking Hollywood Back in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal. The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable, some biopics purposely stretch the truth. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name, Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction. The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized, casting can be controversial for biographical films. Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person, anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two. The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord. Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett, Jr. an African American actor, also, some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican-American. Biographical novel Biography in literature List of biographical films
18.
Social networking service
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Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail and instant messaging and online forums. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, digital photos and videos, posts, depending on the social media platform, members may be able to contact any other member. In other cases, members can contact anyone they have a connection to, and subsequently anyone that contact has a connection to, LinkedIn, a career social networking service, generally requires that a member personally know another member in real life before they contact them online. Some services require members to have a connection to contact other members. The main types of social networking services are those that contain category places, means to connect with friends, there have been attempts to standardize these services to avoid the need to duplicate entries of friends and interests. A study reveals that India has recorded worlds largest growth in terms of media users in 2013. A2013 survey found that 73% of U. S. adults use social networking sites, the variety and evolving range of stand-alone and built-in social networking services in the online space introduces a challenge of definition. Furthermore, the idea that these services are defined by their ability to bring people together provides too broad a definition, such a broad definition would suggest that the telegraph and telephone were social networking services – not the Internet technologies scholars are intending to describe. The terminology is unclear, with some referring to social networking services as social media. The potential for computer networking to facilitate newly improved forms of computer-mediated social interaction was suggested early on, efforts to support social networks via computer-mediated communication were made in many early online services, including Usenet, ARPANET, LISTSERV, and bulletin board services. Many prototypical features of social networking sites were present in online services such as America Online, Prodigy, CompuServe, ChatNet. Early social networking on the World Wide Web began in the form of generalized online communities such as Theglobe. com, Geocities, some communities – such as Classmates. com – took a different approach by simply having people link to each other via email addresses. In the late 1990s, user profiles became a feature of social networking sites, allowing users to compile lists of friends. New social networking methods were developed by the end of the 1990s and it also became one of the first companies to profit from the sale of virtual goods. Friendster was followed by MySpace and LinkedIn a year later, friendster became very popular in the Pacific Islands. Orkut became the first popular social networking service in Brazil and quickly grew in popularity in India, attesting to the rapid increase in social networking sites popularity, by 2005, it was reported that Myspace was getting more page views than Google. Facebook, launched in 2004, became the largest social networking site in the world in early 2009, Facebook was first introduced as a Harvard social networking site, expanding to other universities and eventually, anyone. The term social media was introduced and soon became widespread, web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities across political, economic, and geographic borders
19.
Facebook
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Facebook is an American for-profit corporation and an online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California. Facebook gradually added support for students at other universities. Since 2006, anyone age 13 and older has been allowed to become a user of Facebook, though variations exist in the minimum age requirement. The Facebook name comes from the face book directories often given to United States university students, Facebook may be accessed by a large range of desktops, laptops, tablet computers, and smartphones over the Internet and mobile networks. After registering to use the site, users can create a user profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups organized by workplace, school, hobbies or other topics, in groups, editors can pin posts to top. Additionally, users can complain about or block unpleasant people, because of the large volume of data that users submit to the service, Facebook has come under scrutiny for its privacy policies. Facebook makes most of its revenue from advertisements which appear onscreen, Facebook, Inc. held its initial public offering in February 2012, and began selling stock to the public three months later, reaching an original peak market capitalization of $104 billion. On July 13,2015, Facebook became the fastest company in the Standard & Poors 500 Index to reach a market cap of $250 billion, Facebook has more than 1.86 billion monthly active users as of December 31,2016. As of April 2016, Facebook was the most popular social networking site in the world, Facebook classifies users from the ages of 13 to 18 as minors and therefore sets their profiles to share content with friends only. Zuckerberg wrote a program called Facemash on October 28,2003 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore, to accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into protected areas of Harvards computer network and copied private dormitory ID images. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online, the site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final exam. He uploaded 500 Augustan images to a website, each of which was featured with a corresponding comments section and he shared the site with his classmates, and people started sharing notes. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004 and he said that he was inspired by an editorial about the Facemash incident in The Harvard Crimson. On February 4,2004, Zuckerberg launched Thefacebook, originally located at thefacebook. com. com and they claimed that he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to The Harvard Crimson and the newspaper began an investigation and they later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling in 2008 for 1.2 million shares. Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, within the first month, eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, Andrew McCollum, and Chris Hughes joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website
20.
Mark Zuckerberg
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Mark Elliot Zuckerberg is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He is the chairman, chief officer, and co-founder of Facebook. His net worth is estimated to be US$58.6 billion as of March 2017, Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard University dormitory room on February 4,2004. He was assisted by his roommates and fellow Harvard students Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz. The group then introduced Facebook to other college campuses, Facebook expanded rapidly, reaching one billion users by 2012. Meanwhile, Zuckerberg was involved in legal disputes brought by others in the group. On December 1,2015, they announced they would eventually give 99 percent of their Facebook shares to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. Since 2010, Time magazine has named Zuckerberg among the 100 wealthiest and most influential people in the world as a part of its Person of the Year award, in December 2016, Zuckerberg was ranked 10th on Forbes list of The Worlds Most Powerful People. According to Forbes Magazine, Zuckerberg has a net worth of US$55.9 billion as of February 2017, Zuckerberg was born in 1984 in White Plains, New York. He is the son of Karen, a psychiatrist, and Edward Zuckerberg and his ancestors came from Germany, Austria and Poland. He and his three sisters, Randi, Donna, and Arielle, were brought up in Dobbs Ferry, New York, Zuckerberg was raised Jewish and had his bar mitzvah when he turned 13. At Ardsley High School, Zuckerberg excelled in classes and he transferred to the exclusive private school Phillips Exeter Academy, in New Hampshire, in his junior year, where he won prizes in science and classical studies. On his college application, Zuckerberg claimed that he could read and write French, Hebrew, Latin and he was captain of the fencing team. Zuckerberg began using computers and writing software in middle school and his father taught him Atari BASIC Programming in the 1990s, and later hired software developer David Newman to tutor him privately. Newman calls him a prodigy, adding that it was tough to stay ahead of him, Zuckerberg took a graduate course in the subject at Mercy College near his home while still in high school. He enjoyed developing computer programs, especially communication tools and games and it is considered a primitive version of AOLs Instant Messenger, which came out the following year. According to writer Jose Antonio Vargas, some kids played computer games, Zuckerberg himself recalls this period, I had a bunch of friends who were artists. Theyd come over, draw stuff, and Id build an out of it
21.
Eduardo Saverin
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Eduardo Luiz Saverin is a Brazilian Internet entrepreneur, economist and angel investor. Saverin is one of the co-founders of Facebook, as of 2015, he owns 53 million Facebook shares and has a net worth of $7.2 billion, according to Forbes. He has also invested in startups such as Qwiki and Jumio. In what was seen by some as a move to avoid U. S. taxes, according to Saverin, he renounced his citizenship because of his interest in working and living in Singapore where he has been since 2009. He avoided an estimated $700 million in capital gains taxes, this some media attention. Saverin denies that he left the U. S. to avoid paying taxes, Eduardo Saverin was born in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, to a wealthy Jewish Brazilian family, and his family later moved to Rio de Janeiro. Saverins father, Roberto Saverin, was a businessman working in clothing, shipping and his mother, Paula, was a psychologist and he has two siblings. His Romanian-born grandfather, Eugenio Saverin, is the founder of Tip Top, in 1993, the family emigrated to the U. S. settling in Miami. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Saverin took advantage of Brazils lax insider trading regulations, in 2006, Saverin graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University with a bachelors degree in economics. He is a member of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity, during his junior year at Harvard, Saverin met fellow Harvard undergraduate, sophomore Mark Zuckerberg. Noting the lack of a social networking website for Harvard students. As co-founder, Saverin held the role of chief financial officer, on May 15,2012 Business Insider obtained and released an exclusive email from Zuckerberg detailing how he cut Saverin from Facebook and diluted his stake. A lawsuit filed by Facebook against Saverin and a countersuit filed by Saverin against Facebook were settled out of court, terms of the settlement were not disclosed and the company affirmed Saverins title as co-founder of Facebook. Saverin signed a contract after the settlement. In 2016, Saverins fund closed initial deals of over $140 million in Asia, including $30M in up, in 2010, Saverin and Mexican entrepreneur Aldo Alvarez co-founded Aporta, an online portal for charity. The 2010 film The Social Network depicts the relationship between Saverin and Zuckerberg from their creation of Facebook to Saverins legal action against Zuckerberg. Saverin met Elaine Andriejanssen, a Chinese Indonesian woman who was educated at Raffles Girls School, on March 27,2014, they got engaged and were married on June 25,2015, in the French Riviera. Saverin has lived in Singapore since 2009, the Wall Street Journal estimated the tax savings at over $700 million
22.
Sean Parker
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Sean Parker is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist who cofounded the file-sharing computer service Napster and served as the first president of the social networking website Facebook. He also cofounded Plaxo, Causes, Airtime, and Brigade and he is the founder and chairman of the Parker Foundation, which focuses on life sciences, global public health, and civic engagement. On the Forbes 2016 list of the worlds billionaires, he was ranked #722 with a net worth of US$2.4 billion. Parker was born in Herndon, Virginia, to Diane Parker, a TV advertising broker, and Bruce Parker, when Parker was seven, his father taught him how to program on an Atari 800. Parker’s father, who put his family over his dreams, told Parker if you are going to take risks. As a teenager, Parker’s hobbies were hacking and programming, one night, while hacking into the network of a Fortune 500 company, Parker was unable to log out after his father unplugged and confiscated his computer keyboard. Because his IP address was exposed, F. B. I. agents tracked down the 16-year-old, since Parker was under 18, he was sentenced to community service. Parker attended Oakton High School in Fairfax County, Virginia for two years before transferring to Chantilly High School in 1996 for his junior and senior years. While there, Parker wrote a letter to the school administration, as a result, towards the end of Parker’s senior year at Chantilly, he was mostly writing code and starting companies. While still in school, he interned for Mark Pincus at Pincuss Washington D. C. startup FreeLoader. He won the Virginia state computer science fair for developing a Web crawler, as a child, Parker was an avid reader, which was the beginning of his lifelong autodidacticism. Several media profiles refer to Parker as a genius and he considers his time at Napster to be his college education, calling it Napster University, since he became well-versed in intellectual property law, corporate finance, and entrepreneurship. When Parker was 15, he met 14-year-old Shawn Fanning over the Internet, a few years later Fanning and Parker cofounded Napster, a free file-sharing service for music. Parker raised the initial $50,000, and they launched Napster in June 1999, within a year, the service had tens of millions of users. Napster was opposed by recording labels, the Recording Industry Association of America, lawsuits by various industry associations eventually shut down the service. Napster has been called the business of all time, is credited with revolutionizing the music industry. In November 2002, Parker launched Plaxo, an address book. Plaxo was a social networking tool, which would later influence the growth of companies like LinkedIn, Zynga
23.
Cameron Winklevoss
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Cameron Howard Winklevoss is an American rower and entrepreneur. He competed in the mens pair rowing event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics with his twin brother. Cameron and his brother are known for co-founding HarvardConnection along with Harvard classmate Divya Narendra, in 2004, the Winklevoss brothers sued Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg for $65 million, claiming he stole their ConnectU idea to create the popular social networking site Facebook. In addition to ConnectU, Winklevoss also co-founded the social media website Guest of a Guest with Rachelle Hruska, Cameron Winklevoss was born in Southampton, New York, and raised in Greenwich, Connecticut. He is the son of Carol and Howard Edward Winklevoss, Jr. Cameron began playing piano at 6 years of age. At an early age, he and his identical twin brother Tyler demonstrated a pattern of teamwork, building Lego together. At the age of 13, they taught themselves HTML and started a web-page company, Winklevoss went to the Greenwich Country Day School before attending the Brunswick School for high school. He showed a fondness for the classics in high school, studying Latin, during his junior year, he co-founded the crew program with Tyler. He enrolled at Harvard University in 2000 for his studies where he majored in economics, earning an A. B. At Harvard, he was a member of the varsity crew, the Porcellian Club. In 2009, Winklevoss entered the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford to study for a Master of Business Administration, while at Oxford, he was a member of Christ Church, an Oxford Blue, and rowed in the Blue Boat in the Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race. In December 2002, Winklevoss, along with his brother and with classmate Divya Narendra, wanted a way to connect with fellow students at Harvard University. As a result, the three conceived of a network for Harvard students named HarvardConnection, which was to expand to other schools around the country. In January 2003, they enlisted the help of fellow Harvard student, programmer, Mavinkurve began work on HarvardConnection but left the project in the spring of 2003 when he graduated and went to work for Google. After the departure of Mavinkurve, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Narendra’s friend, Harvard student and programmer Victor Gao to work on HarvardConnection. Gao, a senior in Mather House, had opted not to become a partner in the venture. He was paid $400 for his work on the code during the summer and fall of 2003, however. In 2004, ConnectU filed a lawsuit against Facebook alleging that creator Mark Zuckerberg had broken a contract with them
24.
Tyler Winklevoss
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Tyler Howard Winklevoss is an American rower and entrepreneur. He competed in the mens pair rowing event at the 2008 Summer Olympics with his twin brother and rowing partner. Winklevoss co-founded HarvardConnection along with his brother Cameron and a Harvard classmate of theirs, in 2004, the Winklevoss brothers sued Mark Zuckerberg for $65 million, claiming he stole their ConnectU idea to create the much more popular social networking service site Facebook. Tyler Winklevoss was born in Southampton, New York, and raised in Greenwich, Winklevoss attended Greenwich Country Day School and graduated from the Brunswick School. Winklevoss studied classical piano for 12 years, beginning at age 6 and he studied Latin and Ancient Greek in high school. During his junior year, he and his twin brother Cameron founded the crew program and he matriculated to Harvard College in 2000 and majored in economics, earning an A. B. and graduating in 2004. At Harvard, he was a member of the varsity crew, the Porcellian Club. In 2009, Winklevoss began graduate study at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford. While at Oxford, he was a member of Christ Church, an Oxford Blue, the three conceived of a social network for Harvard students named HarvardConnection, the concept ultimately expanded to other schools around the country. In January 2003, they enlisted the help of fellow Harvard student, programmer, Mavinkurve commenced work on HarvardConnection but departed the project in spring 2003 when he graduated and went to work for Google. After the departure of Mavinkurve, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Narendra’s friend, Harvard student and programmer Victor Gao, Gao, a senior in Mather House, opted not to become a partner in the venture, instead agreeing to be paid in a work for hire capacity. He was paid $400 for his work on the code during the summer and fall of 2003. In November 2003, at the suggestion of Victor Gao, the Winklevosses, in early November, Narendra emailed Zuckerberg saying, “We’re very deep into developing a site which we would like you to be a part of and. Which we know will make waves on campus. ”Within days, Zuckerberg was talking to the HarvardConnection team. During the meeting, Zuckerberg allegedly entered into a contract with Narendra. He was given the private server location and password for the unfinished HarvardConnection website and code, Zuckerberg allegedly chose to be compensated through an interest in the enterprise. On November 30,2003, Zuckerberg told Cameron Winklevoss in an email that he did not expect completion of the project to be difficult. Zuckerberg writes, I read over all the stuff you sent and it seems like it shouldnt take too long to implement, the next day, on December 1,2003, Zuckerberg sent another email to the HarvardConnection team
25.
National Board of Review
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The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures was founded in 1909 in New York City, just 13 years after the birth of cinema, to protest New York City Mayor George B. McClellan, Jr. s revocation of moving-picture exhibition licenses on Christmas Eve 1908, the mayor believed that the new medium degraded the morals of community. Its stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new art of the people, in an effort to avoid government censorship of films, the National Board became the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies. From 1916 into the 1950s thousands of motion pictures carried the legend Passed by the National Board of Review in their main titles, however, the Board was a de facto censorship organization. Producers submitted their films to the Board before making release prints, they agreed to cut out any footage that the Board found objectionable, up to and including destroying the entire film. In 1930, the NBR was the first group to choose the ten best English-language movies of the year and the best foreign films, everson, Alistair Cooke, and Pearl Buck. In addition, the Awards Jury helps to determine the special achievement awards presented at the gala in January. The organization also works to foster commentary on all aspects of production by underwriting educational film programs. In 2016, the NBR reached out to the community to The Reel Works Teen Filmmaking, The Ghetto Film School, the organization also awarded grants to seventeen student filmmakers as part of its annual Student Grant Program. The boardss official magazine had existed in several forms and different names since its inception, in 1950 the magazine changed its name from Screen Magazine, and launched the first issue as Films in Review on February 1,1950. Note, Until 1945, there were awards for Best Picture and intermittent awards for Best Documentary. Motion Picture Production Code Official website
26.
83rd Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, Academy Awards were presented in 24 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and produced by Bruce Cohen and Don Mischer, actors James Franco and Anne Hathaway co-hosted the ceremony, marking the first time for each. In related events, the Academy held its second annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 13,2010. On February 12,2011, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, Inception and The Kings Speech won four awards each, with the latter film winning Best Picture. The telecast garnered almost 38 million viewers in the United States, the nominees for the 83rd Academy Awards were announced on January 25,2011, at 5,38 a. m. PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Tom Sherak, president of the Academy, the Kings Speech led the nominations with twelve, followed by True Grit with ten. The winners were announced during the ceremony on February 27,2011. Toy Story 3 became the animated film to be nominated for Best Picture. True Grit was the film after 2002s Gangs of New York to lose all ten of its nominations. He was also the first acting nominee since Michael Caine at the 45th ceremony in 1973 to achieve this distinction, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double-dagger. The Academy held its Second Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 13,2010, kevin Brownlow — For the wise and devoted chronicling of the cinematic parade. For a new kind of cinema, eli Wallach — For a lifetimes worth of indelible screen characters. Francis Ford Coppola The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers, in June 2010, the AMPAS hired Oscar-winning producer Bruce Cohen and veteran television producer Don Mischer to oversee production of the telecast. Im absolutely ecstatic that Bruce and Don have accepted my invitation to produce and direct the 83rd Academy Awards telecast, opting for younger faces for the ceremony, Cohen and Mischer hired actor James Franco, and actress Anne Hathaway as co-hosts of the 2011 ceremony. James Franco and Anne Hathaway personify the next generation of Hollywood icons — fresh, exciting and we hope to create an Oscar broadcast that will both showcase their incredible talents and entertain the world on February 27, said Cohen and Mischer regarding their selections to host the gala. We are completely thrilled that James and Anne will be joining forces with our brilliant creative team to do just that, Franco and Hathaway became the first male-female duo to co-host the awards show since comedian Jerry Lewis and actress Celeste Holm presided over the 29th ceremony in 1957. At age 28, Hathaway was also the youngest person to host an Oscar ceremony, furthermore, AMPAS announced that this years ceremony was the most interactive awards show in history. Also, via the Academys Twitter and Facebook pages, people could post questions for any actor or celebrity attending the festivities to answer, one of the four Oscar pre-show co-hosts would then pose selected questions to both nominees and attendees alike
27.
Academy Award for Best Director
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The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
28.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
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Academy Award for Best Film Editing
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The Academy Award for Best Film Editing is one of the annual awards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Nominations for this award are closely correlated with the Academy Award for Best Picture. For 33 consecutive years,1981 to 2013, every Best Picture winner had also nominated for the Film Editing Oscar. Only the principal, above the line editor as listed in the credits are named on the award, additional editors, supervising editors. The nominations for this Academy Award are determined by a ballot of the members of the Editing Branch of the Academy. The members may vote for up to five of the films in the order of their preference. The Academy Award itself is selected from the films by a subsequent ballot of all active. This award was first given for films released in 1934, the name of this award is occasionally changed, in 2008, it was listed as the Academy Award for Achievement in Film Editing. Michael Kahn won for Raiders of the Lost Ark, Schindlers List, thelma Schoonmaker won for Raging Bull, The Aviator, and The Departed. To date, two film directors have won this award, James Cameron and Alfonso Cuarón for the films Titanic and Gravity, also, nominated editors Robert Wise, Francis D. West Side Story, The Sound of Music, The Sand Pebbles and The Andromeda Strain for Wise, Crazylegs for Lyon and Bound for Glory, superlatives taken from a document published by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. These listings are based on the Awards Database maintained by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score
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Since the 5th Golden Globe Awards, the award is presented annually, except from 1953 to 1958. The nominations from 1947 and 1948 are not available, the first Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score went to Max Steiner for his compositional work on Life with Father. John Williams is the artist with the most nominations, those resulted in 4 wins, Dimitri Tiomkin had the same number of wins, but out of only 5 nominations. Other notable achievers include Maurice Jarre and Alan Menken, artists like Jerry Goldsmith and Michel Legrand were nominated several times, but never received the award. Dmitri Tiomkin, Alan Menken and Howard Shore are the composers to win two consecutive awards. Additionally, Dimitri Tiomkin received Special Achievement Awards for his services to music in 1955 and 1957. The most recent recipient of award was Justin Hurwitz for the film La La Land. Key Notes, † indicates an Academy Award-winning score, § indicates a Golden Globe Award-winning score that was not nominated for an Academy Award. Academy Award for Best Original Score Critics Choice Movie Award for Best Score 1. ^ The year indicates the period for which the awards are given, specific General HFPS Golden Globes Page. Archived from the original on 2007-07-15
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68th Golden Globe Awards
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The 68th Golden Globe Awards were broadcast live from the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on January 16,2011, by NBC. The nominations were announced on December 14,2010, by Josh Duhamel, Katie Holmes, Robert De Niro was presented with the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in motion pictures, the Social Network won four awards, the most of any film, including best drama. It beat British historical tale The Kings Speech, which had entered the ceremony with the most nominations. These are the nominees for the 68th Golden Globe Awards, winners are listed at the top of each list. DeMille Award Special Guest Michael Douglas with Best Motion Picture – Drama Robert Downey Jr, and while the reviews for Alice in Wonderland were only average, it still meant that The Kids Are All Right had no real competition aside from Red. Ricky Gervaiss job as host was met with criticism since he made biting jokes about many of the stars in attendance including Johnny Depp, Mel Gibson, Charlie Sheen. The Hollywood Foreign Press Association even wrote, his blunt one-liners targeting big-name celebrities caused anger and resentment in some quarters
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Harvard University
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Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, james Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College, Harvards $34.5 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution. Harvard is a large, highly residential research university, the nominal cost of attendance is high, but the Universitys large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. Harvards alumni include eight U. S. presidents, several heads of state,62 living billionaires,359 Rhodes Scholars. To date, some 130 Nobel laureates,18 Fields Medalists, Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, it obtained British North Americas first known printing press, in 1639 it was named Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard an alumnus of the University of Cambridge who had left the school £779 and his scholars library of some 400 volumes. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650 and it offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational. The leading Boston divine Increase Mather served as president from 1685 to 1701, in 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, which marked a turning of the college toward intellectual independence from Puritanism. When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, in 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassizs approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans participation in the Divine Nature, agassizs perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the divine plan in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on an archetype for his evidence. Charles W. Eliot, president 1869–1909, eliminated the position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. While Eliot was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, during the 20th century, Harvards international reputation grew as a burgeoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the universitys scope. Rapid enrollment growth continued as new schools were begun and the undergraduate College expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. In the early 20th century, the student body was predominately old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, by the 1970s it was much more diversified
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LiveJournal
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LiveJournal / LJ or Zhivoy Zhurnal /ZheZhe in Russia, is a Russian social networking service where users can keep a blog, journal or diary. A wide variety of political pundits also use the service for political commentary, particularly in Russia, as with many other social networks, a wide variety of public figures use the network. LiveJournal was started on April 15,1999 by American programmer Brad Fitzpatrick as a way of keeping his school friends updated on his activities. In January 2005, blogging software company Six Apart purchased Danga Interactive, in December 2006, the service quietly re-located its servers to Russia, and in April 2017, LiveJournal became subject to Russian law. The unit of networking on LiveJournal is quaternary. Two users can have no relationship, they can list each other as friends mutually, on LiveJournal, friend is also used as a verb to describe listing someone as a friend. A users list of friends will often include several communities and RSS feeds in addition to individual users, generally, friending allows the friends of a user to read protected entries and causes the friends entries to appear on the users friends page. Friends can also be grouped together in groups, allowing for more complex behavior. Features common to all accounts Each journal entry has its own web page, in addition, each user has a journal page, which shows all of his or her most recent journal entries, along with links to the comment pages. The most distinctive feature of LiveJournal is the friends list, which gives the site a strong social aspect in addition to the blog services, the friends list provides various syndication and privacy services as described below. Each user has a page, which collects the most recent journal entries of the people on his or her friends list. LiveJournal allows users to customize their accounts, the S2 programming language allows journal templates to be modified by members. Users may upload graphical avatars, or userpics, which next to the username in prominent areas as it would on an Internet forum. Paid account holders are given access to S2 management and more userpics. Currently LiveJournal has five account levels, basic, plus, early adopters who were registered prior to 14 September 2000, paid, and permanent. Permanent accounts are not available to the average user, there have been occasional sale days or special offers. Prior to March 12,2008, basic accounts were ad-free, in August,2008, LiveJournal resumed new basic account creation, basic users also see advertising, but not on other basic journals. As well as allowing embedded videos from sites, LiveJournal can host videos
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History of Facebook
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Facebook is a social networking service launched on February 4,2004. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his roommates and fellow Harvard University student Eduardo Saverin. Facemash, Facebook’s predecessor, opened on October 23,2003, initially, the website was invented by a Harvard student, Mark Zuckerberg, and three of his classmates – Andrew McCollum, Chris Hughes and Dustin Moskovitz. Zuckerberg wrote the software for the Facemash website when he was in his year of college. The website was set up as a type of “hot or not” game for Harvard students, the website allowed visitors to compare two student pictures side-by-side and let them decide who was hot or not. That night, Mark Zuckerberg wrote the blog entries, Im a little intoxicated. So what if its not even 10 pm and its a Tuesday night, the Kirkland dormitory facebook is open on my desktop and some of these people have pretty horrendiedous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next to pictures of some animals and have people vote on which is more attractive. Im not exactly sure how the animals are going to fit into this whole thing. According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, to accomplish this, Mark Zuckerberg hacked the facebooks Harvard maintained to help students identify each other and used the images to populate his Facemash website. That the initial site mirrored people’s physical community—with their real identities—represented the key aspects of what later became Facebook, perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that could possibly be expanded to other schools, Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for making this site, someone had to do it eventually. The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, however, the website was shut down by Harvard executives a few days after it opened. Mark Zuckerberg faced charges of violating copyrights, breach of security and he later faced expulsion from Harvard University for his actions. However, all the charges were eventually dropped, Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final. He uploaded 500 Augustan images to a website, with one image per page along with a comment section and he opened the site up to his classmates and people started sharing their notes. The professor said it had the best grades of any final he’d ever given and this was my first social hack. With Facebook, I wanted to something that would make Harvard more open
