1.
Gwen Stefani
–
Gwen Renée Stefani is an American singer, songwriter, and fashion designer. During the bands hiatus, Stefani embarked on a pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love. Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was met both critical and commercial success. It spawned three successful singles, What You Waiting For. Rich Girl, and Hollaback Girl, the reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006 Stefani released her studio album The Sweet Escape. The album produced two singles, Wind It Up and the albums title track The Sweet Escape. Her third solo album This Is What the Truth Feels Like was released in March 2016, Stefani has won three Grammy Awards. As a solo artist she has received accolades, including an American Music Award, Brit Award, World Music Award. In 2003, she debuted her clothing line L. A. M. B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line, drawing inspiration from Japanese culture, Stefani performs and makes public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls. She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2015, Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000–09 decade. VH1 ranked her 13th on their 100 Greatest Women in Music list in 2012, including her work with No Doubt, Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. Stefani was born on October 3,1969, in Fullerton, California and she was named after a stewardess in the 1968 novel Airport, and her middle name, Renée, comes from The Four Tops 1968 cover of The Left Bankes 1966 song Walk Away Renée. Her father, Dennis Stefani, is Italian American and worked as a Yamaha marketing executive and her mother, Patti, worked as an accountant before becoming a housewife. Gwens parents were fans of music and exposed her to music by artists like Bob Dylan. She has two siblings, Jill and Todd, and an older brother named Eric. Eric was the keyboardist for No Doubt before leaving the band to pursue a career in animation on The Simpsons. Her brother Eric introduced Gwen to 2 Tone music by Madness and The Selecter and, in 1986, he invited her to provide vocals for No Doubt, finally, in 1991, the band was signed to Interscope Records
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani at the
2011 Cannes Film Festival
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani performing with No Doubt at
Voodoo 2002
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani performing during the
Harajuku Lovers Tour in 2005
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani performing during
The Sweet Escape Tour in 2007
2.
Journal pavilion
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Isleta Amphitheater is an outdoor amphitheater, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The amphitheater opened in February 2000 as the Mesa del Sol Amphitheater and this was a part of Mesa del Sol, a planned community, currently under development in Albuquerque. In December 2000, the local newspaper Albuquerque Journal purchased naming rights, during the 2009 concert season, the venues lawn area was expanded, increasing the capacity from 12,000 to 15,000. In March 2010, Hard Rock Hotel and Casino Albuquerque purchased naming rights, in 2013, the venue changed its name again, to Isleta Amphitheater. List of contemporary amphitheatres Isleta Amphitheater Seating Chart
Journal pavilion
Journal pavilion
Journal pavilion
Journal pavilion
3.
The Sweet Escape
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The Sweet Escape is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani, released on December 1,2006 by Interscope Records. Having originally intended to return to No Doubt after her solo album. Stefani decided to record an album as a way to release some of the material left over from the Love. The album musically resembles its predecessor while exploring more modern pop sounds and it was released to generally mixed reviews from contemporary music critics, receiving criticism for its strong similarities to Love. It was preceded by the lead single Wind It Up, which charted moderately across the world, and produced the follow-up single The Sweet Escape, which proved more successful worldwide. The Sweet Escape reached the top five in the United States, Canada, the albums supporting tour, The Sweet Escape Tour, kicked off in April 2007, covering North America, Colombia, Australia, Asia, and Europe. Following the release of her debut album Love, Stefani announced that she had intended to return to No Doubt and record a sixth studio album with the band. After the commercial success of L. A. M. B and she decided to release several leftover tracks from the album as an EP or as extra tracks on a DVD. However, Pharrell Williams, with whom she had collaborated to write Hollaback Girl, part two, and the two recorded several songs during sessions in Miami in July 2005. A. M. B. She included performances of Wind It Up and Orange County Girl when she embarked on the Harajuku Lovers Tour in October 2005, Stefani put the project on hold in December 2005 when she discovered that she was pregnant, before returning to the studio in August 2006. The albums working title was Candyland, sharing its name with a track that has only been looped via her fashion show soundtrack. The title was changed to The Sweet Escape, the title of the second track, the album cover was taken by photographer Jill Greenberg. The image was part of a series of images taken by Greenberg. To create End Times, Greenberg gave lollipops to toddlers but took them back after several moments, Greenberg used the images as a representation of American politics and society. Greenberg was accused of abuse for the photo shoots, Stefani, however, commented, I didnt think child abuse—I just thought. Every kid cries Other people reacted like, Oh my God, Thats so disturbing, or Thats so sad. I guess thats what arts all about and its supposed to make you think. Stefanis appearance on the cover is inspired by that of Elvira Hancock
The Sweet Escape
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Stefani performing "Wind It Up" during the
Sweet Escape Tour
The Sweet Escape
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The Sweet Escape
The Sweet Escape
4.
Harajuku Lovers Tour
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The Harajuku Lovers Tour was the first solo concert tour of American recording artist Gwen Stefani. The tour began through October to November 2005, to support of her studio album Love. The Harajuku Lovers Tour consisted of one leg, which encompassed a three-month-long series of performances that visited cities throughout the United States. Stefani recruited hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas, rapper M. I. A. the tour produced varying responses from contemporary critics, who despite praising Stefanis vocals, were critical of other aspects of the show such as its musical material. According to Billboard, the tour grossed $22 million from 37 concerts, Stefani announced a tour to support her first solo studio album Love. Baby. on June 27,2005, giving details of sixteen dates from October 16 to November 10, the group, who were backing their album Monkey Business, ended up touring with Stefani until November 14. Toured with Stefani, backing her album Arular, until December 1, Stefani initially did not intend to tour to support the album, responding What tour. to a question from MTV News in December 2004 regarding a possible tour. I didnt want to tour, I was too tired, then you guys kept buying the record, in a September interview with MTV News, Stefani said of the tour, Im looking forward to it, its going to be unbelievable. I would love to try to roll a little bit of Orange County Girl in there, I dont even know how long the show can be right now. Stefani opened the show with the song Harajuku Girls, an ode to Harajuku and she appeared on stage wearing a tiara and baby doll outfit, sitting in the red velvet and gold throne from the cover of Love. Baby. and surrounded by her dancers, also called the Harajuku Girls. Her second song was the first single from the album, What You Waiting For. which she began as a ballad before bringing it up to its usual pace. Stefani and the Harajuku Girls then left the stage to change into bathing suits while her band continued to play. A group of four breakdancers came on stage to perform while Stefani left the again to change into a black-and-white leather tracksuit. Stefani then performed the single from the album, Luxurious. Stefani changed outfits again into a pair of hot pants to perform Rich Girl. Wind It Up was performed with a vibe and Orange County Girl was accompanied by a video montage of childhood photos of Stefani. She changed into a silver sequinned cocktail dress for the single from her first album
Harajuku Lovers Tour
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Promotional poster for the tour
Harajuku Lovers Tour
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Stefani performing "Hollaback Girl", the third single from Love. Angel. Music. Baby.
Harajuku Lovers Tour
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Stefani performing "Serious", a song that was originally played as an encore following "Hollaback Girl".
Harajuku Lovers Tour
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Stefani and her dancers performing "Rich Girl".
5.
No Doubt
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No Doubt is an American rock band from Anaheim, California, that formed in 1986. Since 1994, the group has consisted of vocalist Gwen Stefani, bassist and keyboardist Tony Kanal, guitarist and keyboardist Tom Dumont, since the mid-1990s in live performances and the studio, they have been supported by keyboardist and trombonist Gabrial McNair and keyboardist and trumpeter Stephen Bradley. The ska sound of their song Trapped in a Box that was featured on their first album No Doubt failed to make an impact. The Beacon Street Collection is a raw expression of their sound, inspired by ska punk, the album sold over 100,000 copies in 1995, over three times as many as their first album sold. Fifteen months later, the band reappeared with Rock Steady, which incorporated reggae, the album was primarily recorded in Jamaica and featured collaborations with Jamaican artists Bounty Killer, Sly and Robbie, and Lady Saw. The album produced two Grammy-winning singles, Hey Baby and Underneath It All, as well as Hella Good, after a 2004 tour the band embarked on solo projects, with Stefani releasing two successful solo albums Love. Baby. and The Sweet Escape while Tom Dumont released his own music project. In 2008, the band resumed working slowly on their effort, titled Push and Shove. They have sold over 33 million records worldwide, Eric Stefani and John Spence met at a Dairy Queen and had talked about getting a group together to play music. Eric got a keyboard and gathered some players together to practice, the practice included Eric Stefani, Gwen Stefani, John Spence, Jerry McMahon, Chris Leal, Chris Webb, Gabriel Gonzalez & Alan Meade and Tony Meade. They practiced in Erics parents garage, Tony Kanal went to one of the bands early shows and soon joined the band as its bassist. After initially rejecting her advances, he began dating Gwen, but they kept their secret for a year. Paul Caseley also joined the band in 1987, Eric Carpenter joined the horn section soon after. In December 1987, Spence committed suicide days before the band was to play a gig at The Roxy Theatre for record industry employees. No Doubt disbanded but decided to regroup after several weeks with Alan Meade taking over vocals, when Meade left the band, Gwen replaced him as lead singer, and No Doubt continued to develop a live following in California. He joined No Doubt and replaced Jerry McMahon as the bands guitarist, Adrian Young replaced Chris Webb as the drummer the following year. Caseley left No Doubt in July 1989 for the US Navy Band, No Doubts self-titled debut album was finally released in 1992, but it featured no radio singles, although a video was made for Trapped in a Box. The albums distinctly upbeat pop/cartoon sound sharply contrasted with the then-dominant grunge movement, because the music worlds focus was redirected squarely at Seattle, No Doubts album was not supported by the record label and considered a commercial failure for selling only 30,000 copies
No Doubt
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No Doubt in 2009
6.
Band (music)
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A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name. Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra, some music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups. In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families or group together instruments from the instrument family. In jazz ensembles, the instruments typically include wind instruments, one or two chordal comping instruments, an instrument, and a drummer or percussionist. Jazz ensembles may be instrumental, or they may consist of a group of instruments accompanying one or more singers. In rock and pop ensembles, usually called rock bands or pop bands, there are usually guitars and keyboards, one or more singers, Music ensembles typically have a leader. In jazz bands, rock and pop groups and similar ensembles, in classical music, orchestras, concert bands and choirs are led by a conductor. In orchestra, the concertmaster is the instrumentalist leader of the orchestra, in orchestras, the individual sections also have leaders, typically called the principal of the section. Conductors are also used in big bands and in some very large rock or pop ensembles. In Western classical music, smaller ensembles are called chamber music ensembles, the terms duet, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet and dectet describe groups of two up to ten musicians, respectively. A group of musicians, such as found in The Carnival of the Animals, is called either a hendectet or an undectet. A soloist playing unaccompanied is not an ensemble because it contains one musician. A string quartet consists of two violins, a viola and a cello, there is a vast body of music written for string quartets, as it is seen as an important genre in classical music. A woodwind quartet usually features a flute, an oboe, a clarinet, a brass quartet features two trumpets, a trombone and a tuba. A saxophone quartet consists of a saxophone, an alto saxophone, a tenor saxophone. The string quintet is a type of group. It is similar to the quartet, but with an additional viola, cello, or more rarely. Terms such as piano quintet or clarinet quintet frequently refer to a string quartet plus a fifth instrument
Band (music)
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The
Jalisco Philarmonic Orchestra is an example of a musical ensemble.
Band (music)
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The King & Carter Jazzing Orchestra photographed in Houston, Texas, January 1921
Band (music)
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The
Kneisel String Quartet, led by Franz Kneisel, is an example of chamber music. This American ensemble debuted
Dvořák 's American Quartet, opus 96.
Band (music)
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an
Iranian musical ensemble in 1886
7.
Maxis Communications
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Maxis Berhad is a communications service provider in Malaysia. Headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, providing a variety of products, applications and value added services for consumers, large enterprises. Maxis uses the prefixes of 012,017, 014-2 and 011-2. The majority of the stake is owned by billionaire Ananda Krishnan. Maxis was the first company to launch LTE services in Malaysia on 1 January 2013, Maxis operates 2G GSM/GPRS/EDGE, 3G WCDMA/HSPA+/DC-HSPA, 4G LTE networks. Maxis also has Malaysias first NFC service called FastTap and it integrates Touch n Go, Visa Wave from Maybank and other banks. Maxis introduced its Malaysias 3rd e-book service called Maxis ebooks, the first was eSentral followed by MPH Digital. As of second quarter of 2016, Maxis is the third largest mobile company in Malaysia. There are 3.5 million 4G LTE devices in the network and it postpaid users consume an average 1. 93GB a month, while prepaid subscribers consume an average 1. 55GB a month. On 19 October 1999, Maxis introduced the popular prepaid brand Hotlink, in 2002, Maxis acquired TimeCel, a rival mobile service provider, from TimedotCom Berhad. Prior to the purchase, Maxis offered prefix number beginning with 012, on 27 April 2007, an offer was made to buy out Maxis and privatise the company in preparation for expansions into the Indonesian, Indian, Mexican and Ecuadorian markets. The deal was offered by Ananda Krishnan, who pledged Maxis RM17.46 billion in exchange for all remaining shares of the company. The offer is to be made by Usaha Tegas, a company owned by Krishnan, on 3 May 2007. Under the urging of Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, the initial public offering, which constitute 30% of the company and involve its Malaysian operations, will raise at least MYR11.7 billion. 10/10KB. Maxis Communications is part of Ananda Krishnans business empire, in 1996, the company launched Malaysias first three satellites, MEASAT1,2 and 3. The fourth satellite, MEASAT 1R, was damaged during transport to the site and is currently under reconstruction. Saudi Telecom Company bought a 25% stake of Maxis
Maxis Communications
–
Maxis Berhad
8.
Trinidad and Tobago
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During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander colonizers, more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens, the country Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976. Trinidad and Tobago is the third richest country by GDP per capita in the Americas after the United States, furthermore, it is recognised as a high-income economy by the World Bank. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, the economy is primarily industrial, with an emphasis on petroleum. The countrys wealth is attributed to its reserves and exploitation of oil. Historian E. L. Joseph claimed that Trinidads Amerindian name was Iere or Land of the Humming Bird, derived from the Arawak name for hummingbird, however, Boomert claims that neither cairi nor caeri means hummingbird and tukusi or tucuchi does. Others have reported that kairi and iere simply mean island, christopher Columbus renamed it La Isla de la Trinidad, fulfilling a vow made before setting out on his third voyage of exploration. Trinidad and Tobago are islands situated between 10°2 and 11°12 N latitude and 60°30 and 61°56 W longitude, at the closest point, Trinidad is just 11 kilometres from Venezuelan territory. Trinidad is 4,768 km2 in area with a length of 80 km. Tobago has an area of about 300 km2, or 5. 8% of the area, is 41 km long and 12 km at its greatest width. Trinidad and Tobago lie on the shelf of South America. The terrain of the islands is a mixture of mountains and plains, the highest point in the country is found on the Northern Range at El Cerro del Aripo, which is 940 metres above sea level. As the majority of the live in the island of Trinidad. There are four municipalities in Trinidad, Port of Spain. The main town in Tobago is Scarborough, Trinidad is made up of a variety of soil types, the majority being fine sands and heavy clays. The alluvial valleys of the Northern Range and the soils of the East-West Corridor are the most fertile, the Northern Range consists mainly of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous metamorphic rocks. The Northern Lowlands consist of shallow marine clastic sediments. South of this, the Central Range fold and thrust belt consists of Cretaceous and Eocene sedimentary rocks, the Naparima Plains and the Nariva Swamp form the southern shoulder of this uplift
Trinidad and Tobago
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Mayaro Beach in the south-eastern area of Trinidad.
Trinidad and Tobago
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Flag
Trinidad and Tobago
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Pigeon Point in
Tobago, one of the top tourist destinations in the country.
Trinidad and Tobago
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Parlatuvier Bay, a popular tourist destination in
Tobago.
9.
Verizon Wireless
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Verizon Wireless is an American company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Verizon Communications, that offers wireless telecommunications products and services. With 145.7 million subscribers as of January 2017, Verizon Wireless is the largest wireless provider in the United States. The company is headquartered in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, Verizon Communications became sole owner in 2014 by buying Vodafones 45-percent stake in the company. It operates a national 4G LTE network covering about 98 percent of the U. S. population, Verizon Wireless offers mobile phone services through a variety of devices. Its LTE in Rural America Program, with 21 rural wireless carriers participating, Verizon Wireless announced in 2015 that it was developing a 5G, or fifth generation, network. In September 1999, American phone company Bell Atlantic and U. K. -based Vodafone Airtouch PLC proposed they would create a new phone service joint venture valued at $70 billion. The joint venture was being created as Bell Atlantic underwent a merger with GTE Corporation, in April 2000, the companies announced that the Bell Atlantic-GTE merger would take the name Verizon and that the Bell Atlantic-Vodafone wireless unit would be called Verizon Wireless. Verizon Communications owned 55 percent of Verizon Wireless while Vodafone retained 45 percent ownership, throughout the 2000s, Verizon acquired several wireless phone companies and assets across the country, including West Virginia Wireless in 2006. The advantage is being on a congested network, Ramcell in 2007, Rural Cellular Corporation and SureWest Communications. Also in 2008, Verizon struck a deal to buy Alltel for $5.9 billion in equity while assuming $22.2 billion worth of debt, the deal finalized January 9,2009, again making Verizon Wireless the countrys biggest cellphone network. Majority owner Verizon Communications became sole owner of its wireless business in 2014, Vodafone received $58.9 billion cash, $60.2 billion in stock and $11 billion in other transactions. An article in The New York Times estimated Verizon Wireless valuation at about $290 billion, in late 2014, it became known that Verizon Wireless uses deep packet inspection for server-side insertion of a customer-unique ID field into all unencrypted HTTP headers. It can not be averted with common mechanisms like ad-blockers, however it can not be inserted into encrypted HTTPS, Verizon advertises the system to marketing partners. In August 2016, Verizon hired Ronan Dunne, the head of British provider O2. In September 2016, Comcast confirmed that it planned to launch a service, using Verizons network as an MVNO. Verizons decision not to restrict the bitrate of video services prompted Sprint, in March 2017, Verizon announced that all their Android phones will have AppFlash, to help users find content and services across different apps. Verizon Wireless operates a 4G LTE network, which, as of January 2016, before their LTE network was launched, they operated an exclusively CDMA2000 network. Verizon began its initial tests for the 4G LTE network in 2008 in order to move from older-generation mobile communications technologies to the global standard
Verizon Wireless
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Company owned retail store in
Hillsboro, Oregon
Verizon Wireless
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A panoramic view within a Verizon Wireless Store, Norwalk, Conn., taken in 2012.
Verizon Wireless
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Directors
10.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
San Diego
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Images from top, left to right: San Diego Skyline,
Coronado Bridge, museum in
Balboa Park, Serra Museum in
Presidio Park and the
Old Point Loma lighthouse
San Diego
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Kumeyaay people lived in San Diego before Europeans settled there.
San Diego
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Namesake of the city,
Didacus of Alcalá: Saint Didacus in Ecstasy Before the Cross by Murillo (Musée des Augustins)
San Diego
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Mission San Diego de Alcalá
11.
Irvine, California
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Irvine is an affluent city in Orange County, California, United States. It is a city, the Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s. Formally incorporated on December 28,1971, the 66-square-mile city had a population of 212,375 as of the 2010 census, a number of corporations, particularly in the technology and semiconductor sectors, have their national or international headquarters in Irvine. The Gabrieleño indigenous group inhabited Irvine about 2,000 years ago, gaspar de Portolà, a Spanish explorer, came to the area in 1769, which led to the establishment of forts, missions and cattle herds. The King of Spain parceled out land for missions and private use, after Mexicos independence from Spain in 1821, the Mexican government secularized the missions and assumed control of the lands. It began distributing the land to Mexican citizens who applied for grants, three large Spanish/Mexican grants made up the land that later became the Irvine Ranch, Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, Rancho San Joaquin and Rancho Lomas de Santiago. In 1864, Jose Andres Sepulveda, owner of Rancho San Joaquin sold 50,000 acres to Benjamin and Thomas Flint, Llewellyn Bixby, in 1866, Irvine, Flint and Bixby acquired 47, 000-acre Rancho Lomas de Santiago for $7,000. After the Mexican-American war the land of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana fell prey to tangled titles, in 1868, the ranch was divided among four claimants as part of a lawsuit, Flint, Bixby and Irvine. The ranches were devoted to sheep grazing, however, in 1870, tenant farming was permitted. In 1878, James Irvine acquired his partners interests for $150,000 and his 110,000 acres stretched 23 miles from the Pacific Ocean to the Santa Ana River. The ranch was inherited by his son, James Irvine, Jr. who incorporated it into The Irvine Company, James, Jr. shifted the ranch operations to field crops, olive and citrus crops. In 1888, the Santa Fe Railroad extended its line to Fallbrook Junction, north of San Diego, the town that formed around this station was named Myford, after Irvines son, because a post office in Calaveras County already bore the family name. The town was renamed Irvine in 1914, by 1918,60,000 acres of lima beans were grown on the Irvine Ranch. Two Marine Corps facilities, MCAS El Toro and MCAS Tustin, were built during World War II on ranch land sold to the government, James Irvine, Jr. died in 1947 at the age of 80. His son, Myford, assumed the presidency of The Irvine Company and he began opening small sections of the Irvine Ranch to urban development. The Irvine Ranch played host to the Boy Scouts of Americas 1953 National Scout Jamboree, Jamboree Road, a major street which now stretches from Newport Beach to the city of Orange, was named in honor of this event. David Sills, then a young Boy Scout from Peoria, Illinois, was among the attendees at the 1953 Jamboree, Sills came back to Irvine as an adult and went on to serve four terms as the citys mayor. The same year, the University of California asked The Irvine Company for 1,000 acres for a new university campus, the Irvine Company sold the requested land for $1 and later the state purchased an additional 500 acres
Irvine, California
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The Irvine Spectrum
Irvine, California
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Camp Bonita at Irvine Ranch in 1937
Irvine, California
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Suburban development in Irvine Ranch in 1975
Irvine, California
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The developing urban core in the city of Irvine in 2010.
12.
Just a Girl
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Just a Girl is a song by the American rock band No Doubt. The song was released in 1995 and helped the band break into mainstream music, upon release in the UK in 1996 the song only reached number 38. However, after the success of Dont Speak the song was re-released and managed a peak of number 3. Just a Girl was first aired on the Californian radio show Ska Parade and it was also featured in the movie Clueless and the opening credits of Romy and Micheles High School Reunion. After primary songwriter Eric Stefani left No Doubt in 1994, the rest of the band took on the role of songwriters for the band and this is evident from lyrics such as Dont you think I know / Exactly where I stand. / This world is forcing me / To hold your hand and she explained her inspiration in an interview for BAM Magazine, Just a Girl is a moderately fast song at 108 beats per minute and is written in the key of D major. Like the majority of music, it is set in common time. The voice of the singer, Gwen Stefani, spans nearly an octave, the opening riff that Dumont uses was taken from an earlier effort by keyboardist Eric Stefani. The song is influenced by new wave music, using synth noise from a Roland Jupiter-8, 80s keyboards and effects. The music video was directed by Mark Kohr, the video begins with the band members loading their silver car with recording equipment in front of the Stefani household. Gwen Stefani stands in front of a red car and sings. They drive away, with Tom Dumont, Gwen Stefani and Tony Kanal sitting in the backseats. The band arrive at a building where Stefani enters the bathroom, carrying a boombox. The ladies bathroom is clean, brightly decorated and well furnished with flowers, fruit, the gents bathroom is dark, dirty and bare-walled. The men set up and play their equipment in the gents while Stefani sings in ladies, various men and women enter their respective bathrooms, the men use the urinals and the women check their make-up, before dancing with the band. Eventually, the men take to lifting each other through the ceiling to get into the other bathroom and the video ends with everyone dancing together in the ladies. American CD single Just a Girl –3,28 Different People –4,34 Just a Girl European CD single Just a Girl –3,28 Just a Girl –5,39 Dont Speak –5,28 Hey You. –3,20 German CD single Just a Girl –3,28 Different People –4,34 Open the Gate –3,38 JC Chasezs band Girl Radical released a version on iTunes in August 2013
Just a Girl
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"Just a Girl"
Just a Girl
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European single cover
13.
Spiderwebs (song)
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Spiderwebs is a song written and recorded by American rock band No Doubt for their third studio album Tragic Kingdom. It was released on November 19,1995, by Interscope Records as a single in the United States, the song was written by No Doubts frontwoman Gwen Stefani and lead bassist Tony Kanal, and produced by Matthew Wilder and No Doubt. Spiderwebs is a ska punk track with influence from rock music. Lyrically, the track was inspired by a man who had been calling Stefani at all hours to recite bad poetry to her and this scenario was then turned into a song with the help of Kanal. Musically, the uses a single drum for the beat and various brass instruments. Upon release, Spiderwebs received both commercial and critical acclaim from music critics, commercially, the track peaked at number 16 in the United Kingdom and number 11 in Canada, while peaking at number 5 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart. The accompanying music video featured the band members crashing a wedding while various Japanese phrases appeared on the screen, the songs lyrics were inspired by a lonesome man reciting poetry to Stefani. Two different music videos were produced for Spiderwebs, in the first version, the music video showed clips of the band playing. MTV thought that the telephones were inappropriate for younger viewers so they added more footage of the band. These included lead singer Gwen Stefani walking around being covered in spiderwebs made of strings sprayed out of aerosol cans, in the second version, the music video featured the band playing in a Japanese restaurant entertaining the patrons. As the band plays, various Japanese-language sentences are displayed on the screen, the subtitles displayed in the Japanese music video during the wedding reception scene translate to, Excellent party, I really like cake a lot, What is your name. This is excellent champagne, What is this, crazy kids, Its making me sick. Massachusetts pop punk band Four Year Strong covered the song on their 90s cover-album Explains It All in 2009, the song is featured as a playable song in both Guitar Hero, On Tour and Guitar Hero World Tour. It is also a song for the Rock Band and SingStar series. The song also appears on the soundtrack of NBA 2K15, which had its soundtrack selected by Stefanis frequent collaborator Pharrell Williams. J. s –4,06 Lets Get Back –4,14 Excuse Me Mr
Spiderwebs (song)
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Promo CD single
Spiderwebs (song)
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The band tangled in a spiderweb made of telephones.
14.
Sunday Morning (No Doubt song)
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Sunday Morning is a song recorded by American rock band No Doubt. It was released as the single from their third studio album Tragic Kingdom. The single was available as a CD single, cassette single. Lyrically, the song is about Gwen Stefanis relationship with Tony Kanal, the track was written by band members Kanal, Gwen Stefani, and Eric Stefani, while production was handled by Matthew Wilder. The single was received by many music critics, with one of them calling it a standout track. Musically, Sunday Morning is a ska punk and reggae rock song, a music video for the single was released in 1996 and directed by Sophie Muller, it features the band members preparing a large feast before getting into a food fight. The material produced with Angle was hugely rejected by Interscope Records officials, after Kanal broke off his seven-year relationship with Gwen, both of them wrote several more songs, until there was enough material for an album. Sunday Morning was written by Kanal, Gwen Stefani, and Eric Stefani, the song is a ska punk and reggae rock song, with one critic comparing it to Motown music. Kenneth Partridge, writing for Billboard, stated that the song allowed Gwen to go from victim to victor, especially in the lyrics Thank you, now youre the parasite, in Partridges The A. V. Club review, he described it as a straight-up ska track that didnt chart as high, after its release, Sunday Morning received general acclaim from music critics. Kenneth Partridge of Billboard appreciated Gwen constantly gaining and losing the hand in her romantic adventures. Thomas Bleach, writing for his blog, also enjoyed the track, calling the infectious chorus, fast pace. Mike Boehm of the Los Angeles Times cited the song as an example of the bands improved craft, similarly, Nicholas Jones of The Odyssey Online called it a standout track, due to it being lyrically clever. From the moment Adrian Youngs opening drum solo builds up, the song grows more and more massive, Sunday Morning was moderately successful, with it charting in several countries. In the United States, the song did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but entered the Mainstream Top 40 component chart, where it peaked at number thirty-five. In Australia, the peaked at position twenty-one, and lasted on the chart for a total of nineteen weeks. In Canada and the New Zealand, it peaked at numbers thirty-three and fifty, in Europe, the track also performed moderately well, with it peaking at number fifty in the United Kingdom and at number fifty-five in Sweden. Sunday Morning marked Mullers second collaboration with the band, following Dont Speak, in a 2012 interview with OC Weekly, Muller spoke of the result of the singles music video, Of all my videos, I suppose Sunday Morning is the most like them
Sunday Morning (No Doubt song)
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"Sunday Morning"
Sunday Morning (No Doubt song)
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The band gets into a food fight in the video.
15.
Hella Good
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Hella Good is a song by the American rock band No Doubt, taken from their fifth studio album Rock Steady. The song is influenced by electro, rock, punk, and it received positive reviews from contemporary music critics, who made comparisons to the work of a diverse range of artists such as Afrika Bambaataa and Madonna. Hella Good was released as the second single in April 2002. It was successful, and Roger Sanchezs remix of the song topped the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play, at the 45th Grammy Awards, Hella Good was nominated for Best Dance Recording, and Sanchezs remix won for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical. A black-and-white music video was produced, featuring the band squatting in an abandoned ship, No Doubt decided to work with hip hop production duo The Neptunes as a sort of cultural collision. Lead singer Gwen Stefani wanted to write a high-spirited and celebratory song about the things in her life. The word hella was a term used mostly in the San Francisco Bay Area. Having toured in the Bay Area, Stefani borrowed the term to describe her mood, Stefani wanted to use the word dance in a chorus, so she decided to end each line of Hella Goods chorus with the phrase keep on dancing. The songs funk sound is based on such as Queens 1980 single Another One Bites the Dust. Hella Good is a song composed in the key of G minor. It is written in time and moves at a moderately fast 115 beats per minute. The songs beat drew several comparisons to that of Michael Jacksons 1983 single Billie Jean and its hook comes from a simple progression of power chords alternating between G and A flat, suggesting Phrygian mode. Hella Good follows a form with a chorus following each of the two verses. Following the bridge, the chorus is repeated and the closes with an outro. Blender described it as a start to Rock Steady and compared it to the work of pop group Was, rapper and producer Timbaland, ska punk band Fishbone. The NME also compared the song to Bambaataas music as well as that of Britney Spears, playLouder called the track outstanding and compared Nellee Hoopers production to the electroclash style of Chicago house DJ Felix da Housecat. Entertainment Weekly characterized the song as a sequel to Madonnas 1985 synthpop single Into the Groove, the publication listed Hella Good seventh on its list of the top singles of 2002. Stylus Magazine was pleased with the use of overdubbing in the songs anthemic rock chorus, the song was listed at number twenty-six on the 2002 Pazz & Jop list, a survey of several hundred music critics conducted by Robert Christgau
Hella Good
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"Hella Good"
16.
Talk Talk
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Talk Talk were an English new wave band, active from 1981 until their breakup in 1992. Their early hit singles include Today, Talk Talk, Its My Life, although the band only experienced moderate success in their native country, they established some international success. Talk Talk moved away from synthpop towards more experimental music in the mid-1980s, friction with the bands label, EMI, resulted in legal action and countersuing. The band switched to Polydor for their album, 1991s Laughing Stock. Singer Mark Hollis released one album in 1998 before retiring from the music industry. Founding bass player and drummer Paul Webb and Lee Harris played in bands together, de facto fourth member Tim Friese-Greene continued in the business as a musician. Talk Talk began as a quartet consisting of Mark Hollis formerly from The Reaction, Lee Harris, Paul Webb, in their early years they were often compared with Duran Duran. In addition to a name consisting of a repeated word. The band also supported Duran Duran on tour in late 1981, the band released their first single, Mirror Man, on EMI in February 1982. The single was not a success, but was quickly followed by their self-titled single in April 1982 which reached No.52 in the UK. The bands first album, titled The Partys Over, was released in July 1982, the band had their first UK Top 40 hits with the singles Today and a re-release of Talk Talk. These singles also were hits in countries including Ireland, South Africa, Australia. The re-release of the Talk Talk single reached the U. S, the album was produced by Colin Thurston, who was Duran Durans in-house EMI producer at the time, but picked by Hollis because of his involvement with David Bowies Heroes. It was a success in the UK reaching No.21. It was a Top 10 hit in New Zealand and they were introduced to a much wider live audience in October 1982 when they supported Genesis at their reunion concert with original lead singer Peter Gabriel at Milton Keynes Bowl, England. Brenner left after the 1983 non-LP hit single My Foolish Friend, at this point, Talk Talk was now a trio, as Brenner was never officially replaced. Although a major contributor to the bands output, Friese-Greene did not regularly play with the touring band. The accompanying single Such a Shame became a Top 10 hit in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and Switzerland during this period
Talk Talk
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(L-R) Hollis, Webb, Harris. 1988
17.
PopMatters
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PopMatters is an international online magazine of cultural criticism that covers many aspects of popular culture. PopMatters was founded by Sarah Zupko, who had established the cultural studies academic resource site PopCultures. PopMatters launched in the fall of 1999 as a site providing original essays, reviews. Over time, the site went from a publication schedule to a five-day-a-week magazine format, expanding into regular reviews, features. In the fall of 2005, monthly readership exceeded one million, from 2006 onward, PopMatters produced several syndicated newspaper columns for McClatchy-Tribune News Service. As of 2009, there are four different pop culture related columns each week, the PopMatters Book Imprint published Joss Whedon, The Complete Companion, edited by Mary Money, with Titan Books in May 2012. PopMatters publishes content from contributors located around the globe, based in six continents and its staff includes writers from various backgrounds, ranging from academics and professional journalists to career professionals and first time writers. Many of its writers are published authorities in various fields of study, notable former contributors include David Weigel, political reporter for Slate, Steven Hyden, staff writer for Grantland and author of Whatever Happened To Alternative Nation. And Rob Horning, executive editor of The New Inquiry, karen Zarker is the senior editor
PopMatters
–
PopMatters
18.
Sacbee
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The Sacramento Bee is a daily newspaper published in Sacramento, California, in the United States. Since its founding in 1857, The Bee has become the largest newspaper in Sacramento, the fifth largest newspaper in California, the Bee is the flagship of the nationwide McClatchy Company. Its Scoopy Bee mascot, created by Walt Disney in 1943, has been used by all three Bee newspapers. Under the name The Daily Bee, the first issue of the newspaper was published on February 3,1857, proudly boasting that the object of is not only independence, at this time, the Bee was in competition with the Sacramento Union, a newspaper founded in 1851. Although the Bee soon surpassed the Union in popularity, the Union survived until its closing in 1994, the first editor of the Sacramento Bee was Rollin Ridge, but James McClatchy took over the position by the end of the first week. Also within a week of its creation, the Bee uncovered a scandal which led to the impeachment of Know-Nothing California State Treasurer Henry Bates. On March 13,2006, The McClatchy Company announced its agreement to purchase Knight Ridder, the purchase price of $4.5 billion in cash and stock will give McClatchy 32 daily newspapers in 29 markets, with a total circulation of 3.3 million. On February 3,2007, the paper celebrated its 150th anniversary, on February 4,2007, a 120-page section was included about the papers history from its founding to today. On July 29,2008, the Sacramento Bee redesigned and changed its layout, on May 21,2009, the newspaper published an early-version editorial that highly criticized Californians for voting against most of the ballot propositions in a special election. After numerous negative comments were posted by readers, the editorial was taken off the website, a message stated that the early version of the editorial was posted in error. The Sacramento Bee has won six Pulitzer Prizes in its history and it has won numerous other awards, including many for its progressive public service campaigns promoting free speech, anti-racism, workers rights, and environmental protection. The Council is made up of by scientists, media and academics, all concerned with the balanced portrayal of science
Sacbee
–
The July 27, 2005 front page of The Sacramento Bee
19.
San Diego Union-Tribune
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The San Diego Union-Tribune is an American metropolitan daily newspaper, published in San Diego, California. Its name derives from a 1992 merger between the two daily newspapers at the time, The San Diego Union and the San Diego Evening Tribune. The name changed to U-T San Diego in 2012 but was changed again to The San Diego Union-Tribune in 2015, in 2015, it was acquired by Tribune Publishing, later renamed tronc. Both the Union and the Tribune were acquired by Copley Press in 1928 and were merged on February 2,1992, the merged newspaper was sold to the private investment group Platinum Equity of Beverly Hills, California, on March 18,2009. On August 17,2010, the Union-Tribune changed its design to improve clarity, legibility, the U-T nameplate was created by Jim Parkinson, a type designer who also created nameplates for The Rolling Stone, Esquire, and Newsweek. In November 2011, Platinum Equity sold the newspaper to MLIM Holdings, a company led by Doug Manchester, a San Diego real estate developer, the purchase price was reportedly in excess of $110 million. Manchester built two landmark downtown hotels, the Manchester Grand Hyatt Hotel and the San Diego Marriott Hotel and his group also owns the Grand Del Mar luxury resort in San Diego. On January 3,2012, the announced that it would use the name U-T San Diego on all of our media products and communications. The official announcement explained the change as being intended to unify our print and digital products under a brand with a clear. U-T San Diego bought the North County Times in 2012, on October 15,2012, the North County Times ceased publication and became the U-T North County Times, which was an edition of the U-T with some North County–specific content. Six months later the U-T North County Times name was dropped, in June 2012, U-T San Diego launched U-T TV, a television news channel. The network featured news, lifestyle, and editorial content produced by the newspapers staff, by October 2013, just over a year after its launch, the network re-formatted with a focus on news, amidst a number of major departures among the channels staff. On February 19,2014, U-T TV was discontinued, in November 2013, the newspaper bought eight more local weekly newspapers in the San Diego area, which continued publication under their own names. The sale ended the newspapers 146 years of private ownership, the transaction was completed on May 21,2015. On the same date, the newspaper reintroduced its previous branding as The San Diego Union-Tribune, the two newspapers reportedly would retain distinct operations, but there would be a larger amount of synergy and content sharing between them. The acquisition did not include the headquarters, which was retained by Manchester. On June 13,2015, at 10,02 p. m. PDT the final run of The San Diego Union Tribune was printed at the San Diego headquarters in Mission Valley began and it was to print the Sunday edition newspaper for June 14,2015. The following Mondays newspaper would be printed at the Los Angeles Times location, the dismantling of the printing presses in Mission Valley began in mid-September 2015
San Diego Union-Tribune
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May 23, 2015 front page of The San Diego Union-Tribune
San Diego Union-Tribune
–
San Diego Union building, c. 1870s
San Diego Union-Tribune
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San Diego Sun building, 1908
San Diego Union-Tribune
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San Diego Daily Bee building, 1908
20.
Sweet Escape Tour
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The Sweet Escape Tour was the second concert tour by American singer-songwriter Gwen Stefani. The tour began in April 2007 in support of her solo album The Sweet Escape. The tour was Stefanis follow up to her previous The Harajuku Lovers Tour and it went worldwide as compared to her previous tour which was constricted only to North America and had more than double the number of shows. It was Stefanis last solo effort as she rejoined her band No Doubt after the tour ended, the main feature were usage of various props such as a prison for Stefanis opening act, a six-piece band and a large multimedia screen in the backdrop showing videos and animations. The tour had its own set of controversies, a group of students making up for The National Union of Malaysian Muslim Students, banned Stefanis concert that was slated to take place August 21 at Putra Indoor Stadium. The unions vice president, Abdul Muntaqim said, Her performance and it promotes a certain degree of obscenity and will encourage youth to emulate the western lifestyle. The organizer of the vent, Maxis Communications later responded, Stefani has confirmed that her concert will not feature any revealing costumes and she will abide by the Malaysian authorities guidelines to ensure that her show will not be offensive to local sensitivities. In April, Akon drew criticism for having on-stage dirty dancing with a fifteen-year-old preachers daughter, at a club in Trinidad and Tobago, as a result, the tours sponsor Verizon Wireless decided not to sponsor the tour. Stefani donated $166,000 from her October 30 concert in San Diego to The San Diego Foundation fire relief fund, on her June 22 and June 23 concerts in Irvine, California, Stefani was joined onstage by her No Doubt bandmates. They performed their songs Just a Girl, Spiderwebs, Sunday Morning, Hella Good, the Sweet Escape tour was generally well received by critics. Christina Fuoco-Karasinski of Livedaily said, The shows pacing was impeccable, instead of silence or banter between songs, Stefanis band played musical interludes, or the dancers entertained. Katrina-Kasey Wheeler on PopMatters appreciated the props saying, everything from the set list to the visuals and props displayed a larger-than-life aura, years after Gwen Stefani first emerged as a major presence in the world of pop music, shes finally got a show to match. Chris Macias of Sacbee also appreciated the concert and described the show as Its part pep rally, part Broadway musical, joan Anderman of Boston. com said. her bad notes were hers, part of a real personality rather than a standard-issue pop star. T. Michael Crowell of the San Diego Union-Tribune also agreed and said, Her vocal range is narrow, the tour was a commercial success. The tour was the twenty-third most successful tour in the United States in 2007, the tour grossed $30,511,669 through the 55 shows in the U. S with 53 sold-out shows. Gwen announced in both the October 30 concert at the Cox Arena at Aztec Bowl and the November 1 concert at the Stockton Arena that she was filming her Sweet Escape Tour DVD. Only one concert of the Cox Arena, and Stockton Arena can be chosen for the Sweet Escape Tour DVD, for the Special occasion, Gwen did a special performance of the song U Started It which had only been seen at a few shows. During the concert she ran out into the audience to sing Cool, however, the recorded performances were not released as a separate DVD
Sweet Escape Tour
–
Promotional poster for the
Journal Pavilion
Sweet Escape Tour
–
Stefani performing during the Tour.
21.
DVD
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DVD is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of data and is widely used for software. DVDs offer higher capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD, such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased. Blank recordable DVD discs can be recorded using a DVD recorder. Rewritable DVDs can be recorded and erased many times, DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs. The OED also states that in 1995, The companies said the name of the format will simply be DVD. Toshiba had been using the name ‘digital video disk’, but that was switched to ‘digital versatile disk’ after computer companies complained that it left out their applications, Digital versatile disc is the explanation provided in a DVD Forum Primer from 2000 and in the DVD Forums mission statement. There were several formats developed for recording video on optical discs before the DVD, Optical recording technology was invented by David Paul Gregg and James Russell in 1958 and first patented in 1961. A consumer optical disc data format known as LaserDisc was developed in the United States and it used much larger discs than the later formats. CD Video used analog video encoding on optical discs matching the established standard 120 mm size of audio CDs, Video CD became one of the first formats for distributing digitally encoded films in this format, in 1993. In the same year, two new optical disc formats were being developed. By the time of the launches for both formats in January 1995, the MMCD nomenclature had been dropped, and Philips and Sony were referring to their format as Digital Video Disc. Representatives from the SD camp asked IBM for advice on the system to use for their disc. Alan E. Bell, a researcher from IBMs Almaden Research Center, got that request and this group was referred to as the Technical Working Group, or TWG. On August 14,1995, an ad hoc group formed from five computer companies issued a release stating that they would only accept a single format. The TWG voted to both formats unless the two camps agreed on a single, converged standard. They recruited Lou Gerstner, president of IBM, to pressure the executives of the warring factions, as a result, the DVD specification provided a storage capacity of 4.7 GB for a single-layered, single-sided disc and 8.5 GB for a dual-layered, single-sided disc
DVD
DVD
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Backside of a
Sony DADC -manufactured DVD
DVD
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A DVD burner drive for a PC
DVD
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Sony Rewritable DVD
22.
Cool (Gwen Stefani song)
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Cool is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Written by Stefani and Dallas Austin, the song was released on July 5,2005 as the fourth single. It was written by Austin basing the song on No Doubts Simple Kind of Life and he then asked for help from Stefani, and they finished the song in 15 minutes. The song received positive reviews from music critics, being compared to Cyndi Lauper. The media have drawn parallels between the lyrical content and the romantic relationship that Stefani had with Tony Kanal, a fellow group member of No Doubt. The accompanying music video was filmed by British director Sophie Muller in Lake Como and it features many flashbacks to when Stefani and her former boyfriend were dating, and currently, both are fine with their friendship. The song was included on the setlist for Stefanis debut tour Harajuku Lovers Tour, Cool was originally written by Dallas Austin after listening to Stefanis group No Doubts song Underneath It All. Austin commented that he was trying to write his version of No Doubts Simple Kind of Life and he later asked Stefani if she wanted to co-write lyrics. During a studio together, they finished Cool in 15 minutes. Stefani commented, When he told me about the track and where it came from for him, the lyrics of Cool reflect Stefanis former relationship with No Doubt bassist Tony Kanal. Although their romantic relationship ended, the lyrics portray Stefanis attitude that it is cool that they remain very good friends. Stefani said that she had never intended to include material on Love. Baby. and commented, but no matter what you do and it just ended this whole thing for me in my head, and it puts an end to a chapter in a really nice way. The lyrics of Cool sum up the evolution of their relationship with the line After all that weve been through, Cool is a mid-tempo love song featuring a synthpop and new wave production. The song is composed in D major and it is written in common time, it moves at a moderate tempo of 112 beats per minute, and it has a vocal range from the tone of F♯3 to the note of C♯5. The song is written in the common form, featuring five instruments, bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards. Cool opens with all five instruments, and as Stefani begins singing, the synthesizer is lowered, and she performs her highest pitch during the chorus, after which she sings in a softer, almost sotto voce, and her lowest pitch at the beginning of the verses. The synthesizer emulates brass and woodwind instruments, while the bass and guitar retain a prominent and regular eighth note pulse, in the percussion section a drum kit is used, and the snare is introduced at the beginning of the first chorus, which maintains its beat
Cool (Gwen Stefani song)
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Stefani performing "Cool" on the
Harajuku Lovers Tour 2005.
Cool (Gwen Stefani song)
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"Cool"
Cool (Gwen Stefani song)
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Stefani at the
Tweeter Center for the Performing Arts in
Mansfield, Massachusetts.
Cool (Gwen Stefani song)
–
The music video includes
match cut flashbacks to Stefani's previous relationship.
23.
Akon
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Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam, better known as Akon, is a Senegalese-American singer, rapper, songwriter, businessman, record producer and actor. He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of Locked Up and he has since founded two successful record labels, Konvict Muzik and Kon Live Distribution. He is the first solo artist to hold both the one and two spots simultaneously on the Billboard Hot 100 charts twice. Akon has had four songs certified as 3× platinum, three songs certified as 2× platinum, more than ten songs certified as 1× platinum and more than ten songs certified as gold in digital sales, Akon has sung songs in other languages including Tamil, Hindi, and Spanish. He was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the #1 selling artist for master ringtones in the world, Akon often provides vocals as a featured artist and is currently credited with over 300 guest appearances and more than 35 Billboard Hot 100 songs. He has worked with performers such as Michael Jackson, Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Whitney Houston, Bone Thugs-N-Harmony. He has had five Grammy Awards nominations and has produced songs for such as Lady Gaga, Colby ODonis, Kardinal Offishall, Leona Lewis. Forbes ranked Akon 80th in Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 and 5th in 40 Most Powerful Celebrities in Africa list, Billboard ranked Akon No.6 on the list of Top Digital Songs Artists of the decade. Akon was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and spent much of his childhood in the West African country Senegal, the child of a dancer mother and a percussionist father, Mor Thiam, Akon learned to play five instruments, including drums, guitar and djembe. At age 7, he moved with his family to Union City, New Jersey, growing up in New Jersey, Akon had difficulties getting along with other children. When he and his brother reached high school, his parents left them on their own in Jersey City and moved the rest of the family to Atlanta. In regards to his date, Akon is very protective of it. However, legal documents released by The Smoking Gun list his date of birth as April 16,1973, Akons alleged three years in jail saw him begin to recognize his music abilities and develop an appreciation for his musical background. The songs Akon recorded with Stephens were brought to the attention of Universals imprint SRC Records, in an interview with HitQuarters SRC A&R Jerome Foster said, What caught my attention right away was Lonely, and I said, this kid is official – this is a huge record. Foster and SRC CEO Steve Rifkind immediately boarded a plane to Atlanta to meet the young artist. Akon knew of Fosters work as producer Knobody and so there was a mutual respect for one another, Akon increased his exposure further by collaborating with overseas artists, including New Zealands rapper Savage and hip-hop producer P-Money, performing choruses as a featured vocalist. Akons solo debut album, Trouble was released on June 29,2004 and it spawned the singles Locked Up and Lonely, Belly Dancer, Pot Of Gold, and Ghetto. Locked Up reached 8th position in the U. S. Ghetto became a radio hit when it was remixed by DJ Green Lantern to include verses from rappers 2Pac and The Notorious B. I. G
Akon
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Akon in 2009
Akon
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Akon performing with Gwen Stefani on The Sweet Escape Tour.
Akon
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Akon at a
Mumbai airport.
24.
Shirley Manson
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Shirley Ann Manson is a Scottish singer, songwriter, musician and actress from Edinburgh, Scotland. She is the singer of the alternative rock band Garbage. For much of her international career Manson commuted between her home city of Edinburgh and the United States to record with Garbage, she now lives, Manson gained media attention for her forthright style, rebellious attitude, and distinctive voice. Mansons musical career began in her teens when she was approached to perform backing vocals, quickly she developed into a prominent member of the group and developed a formidable stage presence. Manson was approached by her bands record label with the idea of launching her as a solo artist, Garbage toured worldwide and sold 12 million records over ten years. Shirley Ann Manson was born to John Mitchell and Muriel Flora Manson in Edinburgh, Shirley was named after an aunt who was herself named after Charlotte Brontës novel Shirley. She was born two years between both older sister Lindy-Jayne and younger sister Sarah, and was brought up in the Comely Bank. She attended Broughton High School, Edinburgh, Mansons childhood education was informed by the Church of Scotland, until the age of 12, when she rebelled against organized religion. Mansons first public performance was in 1970, at age four, with her older sister, enrolled at Flora Stevenson Primary School, Manson received instruction in recorder, clarinet and fiddle, and learned ballet and piano from extramural classes at age seven. Manson was a member of Girlguiding UK throughout this period of her youth as a Brownie and a Guide, Manson attended the City of Edinburgh Music School, Manson had teenage ambitions to become an actress, but was rejected by the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. Manson was eventually moved into stockrooms because of her attitude toward customers, Manson became well known throughout Edinburghs clubbing scene, and making use of free samples from Miss Selfridge, styled hair for a number of local bands. Manson also briefly modelled clothing for Jackie magazine, Mansons first musical experiences came from briefly singing with local Edinburgh acts The Wild Indians and performed backing vocals with Autumn 1984. While she was acting in her group, Manson was approached by Goodbye Mr. Mackenzies lead Martin Metcalfe to join his band, Mansons first release with the Mackenzies was a YTS release of Death of a Salesman in 1984. The group signed a major record deal with Capitol Records in 1987, and they released their first album Good Deeds and Dirty Rags. In 1990, the contract was transferred to Parlophone, another EMI label. Gary Kurfirst, who managed Talking Heads and Deborah Harry, bought the Mackenzies contract and issued their second album through his own label Radioactive, after another single failed to chart, the group were persuaded to leave Radioactive by their management. The Mackenzies continued to write material, Manson was also given the opportunity to lead vocals on a number of tracks planned for the bands third album. Although MCA had no desire to further their commitments to Goodbye Mr. Mansons contract obligated her to deliver at least one album and, at the option of Radioactive
Shirley Manson
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Manson performing as part of Garbage, 2012.
Shirley Manson
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Manson was born and raised in the city of
Edinburgh in central Scotland.
Shirley Manson
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Shirley Manson performing live with
Garbage during the band's 2012
Not Your Kind of People World Tour
Shirley Manson
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Shirley Manson donates £51,000 to Waverley Care on behalf of
M•A•C AIDS Fund.
25.
The Hall Effect
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The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current. It was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879, the Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, since its value depends on the type, number, the Hall effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Hall while he was working on his doctoral degree at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. The Hall effect is due to the nature of the current in a conductor, current consists of the movement of many small charge carriers, typically electrons, holes, ions or all three. When a magnetic field is present, these charges experience a force, when such a magnetic field is absent, the charges follow approximately straight, line of sight paths between collisions with impurities, phonons, etc. However, when a field with a perpendicular component is applied. This leaves equal and opposite charges exposed on the other face, the result is an asymmetric distribution of charge density across the Hall element, arising from a force that is perpendicular to both the line of sight path and the applied magnetic field. The separation of charge establishes an electric field opposes the migration of further charge. In classical electromagnetism electrons move in the direction of the current I. In some semiconductors it appears holes are actually flowing because the direction of the voltage is opposite to the derivation below, the v x term is the drift velocity of the current which is assumed at this point to be holes by convention. The v x B z term is negative in the direction by the right hand rule. F = q 0 = E y − v x B z where E y is assigned in direction of y-axis, in wires, electrons instead of holes are flowing, so v x → − v x and q → − q. The Hall coefficient is defined as R H = E y j x B z where j is the current density of the carrier electrons, in SI units, this becomes R H = E y j x B = V H t I B = −1 n e. As a result, the Hall effect is useful as a means to measure either the carrier density or the magnetic field. One very important feature of the Hall effect is that it differentiates between positive charges moving in one direction and negative charges moving in the opposite, the Hall effect offered the first real proof that electric currents in metals are carried by moving electrons, not by protons. The Hall effect also showed that in some substances, it is appropriate to think of the current as positive holes moving rather than negative electrons. This confusion, however, can only be resolved by modern quantum theory of transport in solids. The sample inhomogeneity might result in spurious sign of the Hall effect, for example, positive Hall effect was observed in evidently n-type semiconductors
The Hall Effect
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Hall effect current sensor with internal integrated circuit amplifier. 8 mm opening. Zero current output voltage is midway between the supply voltages that maintain a 4 to 8 Volt differential. Non-zero current response is proportional to the voltage supplied and is linear to 60 amperes for this particular (25 A) device.
The Hall Effect
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Electromagnetism
The Hall Effect
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Diagram of Hall effect current transducer integrated into ferrite ring.
The Hall Effect
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Multiple 'turns' and corresponding transfer function.
26.
Lady Sovereign
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Louise Amanda Harman, better known by the stage name Lady Sovereign, is an English rapper. She is best known for the songs 9 to 5 and Love Me or Hate Me, Lady Sovereign was born Louise Amanda Harman in 1985 to Colin Andrew Harman and Nicola Harman, in Wembley, northwest London. She grew up in the run-down Chalkhill Estate — a council estate that has since been demolished — with her parents, Lady Sovereign was a tomboy who played football and hated wearing dresses. She had difficulty fitting in at school and was expelled from Preston Manor High School at 15 because of her attendance record. A number of menial jobs followed, until she decided to rap after hearing Ms. Dynamite on the radio. I hadnt heard a female MC before that and her presence, her image, the way she does everything. She opened so many doors for us girls, MCs are real, they write their own stuff, they rap about what they know, Lady Sovereign began uploading some of her songs and a picture to various music web sites when she was 15. She told Newsweek in 2006 that comments initially ran along the lines of, Lady Sovereign signed with Universal in 2004. She released a number of records and opened for Basement Jaxx, The Streets, Dizzee Rascal, D12. Her mother Nicola was diagnosed with a brain tumour and died on 14 March 2010. The Battle began a string of singles that would push Lady Sovereign into the spotlight, while A Little Bit of Shhh. 9 to 5, and Sad Arse Stripah were selling well, free Internet-only freestyles like Tango, on 15 November 2005, Chocolate Industries released the Vertically Challenged EP, which collected most of her singles recorded to date. In April 2006 she released her second EP, Blah Blah in the UK and she released yet another EP, but was limited for US radios, Size Dont Matter. Aside from her own records,2005 saw Lady Sovereign appear as a guest or contributor on several projects and she began 2005 by appearing on the grime compilation Run the Road, both as a solo artist and with The Streets. In May 2006, she was featured on the Ordinary Boys single, Nine2Five, Nine2Five entered the UK top 40 singles at number 39 on downloads only, and jumped to number 6 upon availability as a CD and 7 vinyl single during the week commencing 22 May 2005. This is her highest chart position to date, Lady Sovereign capped off 2005 by meeting with the American hip hop artist and CEO of the labels Def Jam Recordings and Roc-A-Fella Records, Jay-Z. This marked her foray into the American music scene, with Usher and L. A. Reid seated next to him, Jay-Z asked for one on-the-spot freestyle from Sovereign before offering her a contract with Def Jam. With the single Hoodie, Lady Sovereign released her debut, Public Warning
Lady Sovereign
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Lady Sovereign at
Parklife 2009
Lady Sovereign
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Lady Sovereign at Reading Festival, 2006
Lady Sovereign
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Lady Sovereign discography
27.
Plastilina Mosh
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Plastilina Mosh is a Mexican electronic and alternative rock group from Monterrey, Mexico. They are part of the movement known as Avanzada Regia. Jonás González is the singer and guitar player. Alejandro Rosso is more involved with the process, providing most of the instrumentation. As of 2008 they have released four studio records, the band has achieved, since the release of their 1997 single-debut Niño Bomba, both critical and commercial success. The group often mixes several music styles like rap, dance, the band was formed in 1996 by Alejandro Rosso and Jonás González. They met in Monterrey while playing a Super NES at a Wal-Mart and their previous musical experiences were very opposite, González came from a noise rock band called Koervoz de Malta, and Rosso from an avant-garde group called Acarnienses. Jonás liked Sepultura, Soda Stereo, and Mano Negra, whereas Rosso liked Antonio Carlos Jobim, John Coltrane, back in early 1997, Plastilina traveled to Mexico City, where they recorded the video and the single of Niño Bomba, released under the independent label Tómbola. Then, they started to get attention from the public and the press with their performances, shortly thereafter, the video started being played on music video channels and radio stations. They received nominations for Best New Artist in many awards, and then. On their first visit to Los Angeles, they got the attention of producers like Money Mark, The Dust Brothers, as a result, they began to record a complete album. The recording was an extravagant and complex experience and it was recorded in three stages, each in a different city. The first one was in Los Angeles, with Sukia, a group that had worked previously with the Dust Brothers, from these sessions came the tracks Aquamosh and Monster Truck. The second session was with Jason Roberts, here, their most famous song, Mr. P. Mosh was recorded. The third one was with the Mexican group Café Tacuba, the production was completed in Arcata, California, with Tom Rothrock and Rob Schnapf. Aquamosh was finally released in 1998, the first single promoted was Mr. P. Mosh, and it became their most famous song. The 70s actress Lyn May appeared in the video and it peaked at number #1 on the Latin MTV, other singles promoted were Afroman and Monster Truck. It was recognized as the Record of the Year in Mexico and many other countries, the follow-up was Juan Manuel, a more dance-oriented album produced by Chris Allison
Plastilina Mosh
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Alejandro Rosso and Jonás González
28.
Gym Class Heroes
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Gym Class Heroes is an American band from Geneva, New York, United States. The group formed in 1997 when Travie McCoy met drummer Matt McGinley during their high school gym class, the bands music displays a wide variety of influences, including hip hop, rock, funk, and reggae. The group gained a strong fanbase while promoting the album, appearing at such as The Bamboozle. In 2006, the released the gold-selling album As Cruel as School Children. Since that release, the bands single Cupids Chokehold reached No.4 on the Billboard Hot 100, peaked at No.5 in the United Kingdom. On September 9,2008, Gym Class Heroes released their album, The Quilt. The band went on hiatus in 2009, a time in which the members pursued side projects. McCoy released his debut album Lazarus in June 2010. Lumumba-Kasongo has been working on his side-project Soul, while McGinley now drums in the rock group Kill the Frontman, the group released The Papercut Chronicles II on November 15,2011. It has since become one of their most successful albums to date, MC Travie McCoy and drummer Matt McGinley became friends at their local high school in ninth grade in Geneva, New York. They officially came together in 1997, the band formed when bassist Ryan Geise and drummer Matt McGinley were performing at a party in an instrumental band with no vocals. McCoy, who was in attendance at the party, took the microphone onstage, a week later, the group came together and started making music. The original group began playing college parties and BBQs, birthday parties, clubs, McCoy won MTVs Direct Effect MC Battle and as a prize, appeared in Styles Ps video Daddy Get That Cash. The group had three releases from 1999 to 2004, Hed Candy, Greasy Kid Stuff, and. For the Kids. In 2003 the band recorded the album The Papercut Chronicles while on tour, at this time, guitarist Milo Bonacci parted ways with the band and was replaced with current guitarist Disashi Lumumba-Kasongo, who was attending Cornell University at the time. On the first day the band began to rehearse with Lumumba-Kasongo, Cupids Chokehold was written, which would become the albums first single. McGinley recalled, We just had intentions of working him in on old songs, the group released the four-song Papercut Chronicles EP before finally releasing The Papercut Chronicles in February 2005. After Eric Roberts replaced Ryan Geise on bass, the group toured constantly throughout 2005, appearing at the years SXSW, The Bamboozle, Music videos were filmed for the songs Taxi Driver and yes
Gym Class Heroes
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Gym Class Heroes in Berlin in 2008
Gym Class Heroes
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Gym Class Heroes performing at
Warped Tour on June 20, 2008.
29.
CSS (band)
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CSS is a Brazilian rock band from São Paulo. The band was labeled as part of the explosion of the new rave scene and their songs are in both English and Portuguese. Cansei de Ser Sexy literally translates as I got tired of being sexy, CSS formed in September 2003, consisting of a group of friends. Their name was taken from a quote by Beyoncé, who allegedly declared that she was tired of being sexy. The band first garnered fame through the internet, some of its members, like Adriano Cintra, and Wendi Bishop, had been previously known in São Paulos underground club scene, but not outside of the local alternative subculture. Others, like Lovefoxxx, were the owners of popular Fotolog and their collective band fotolog also gained popularity and their songs were frequently downloaded from Trama Virtuals website. Still unsigned, they released two independent EPs—Em Rotterdam Já É uma Febre in 2004, and A Onda Mortal / Uma Tarde com PJ in January 2005—and played at the TIM Festival in 2004. In 2005, they signed with the Trama Virtual label, and in October their first album, Cansei de Ser Sexy, was released in Brazil, along with the seven-track EP CSS Suxxx, which was sold at concerts. A limited edition version of the album had a blank CD-R included, in Brazil, the album has reportedly sold 5,000 copies to date, but neither the album nor the singles have charted. Two music videos were released, Off the Hook and Alala. Off the Hook, their two big hits, were directed by guitar player Ana Rezende, and filmed at the home of band members Carolina Parra and Cintra, in early 2006, CSS signed with Sub Pop to release their international debut album, Cansei de Ser Sexy. The first single was Lets Make Love and Listen to Death From Above, released on June 6, in July 2006, along with DJ Diplo and funk group Bonde do Rolê, they began their first international tour. By 2007, CSS had sold as many as 60,000 copies in Europe and they played at various festivals across Europe in the summer of 2007. The band were scheduled to play at the American festival Lollapalooza on August 4,2007. They did arrive in time for their performance at Virgin Festival in Baltimore the next day, CSS came to wider attention when their song Music Is My Hot Hot Sex was used in a worldwide television commercial by Apple Inc. for the iPod. Due to the exposure in the United States, it charted at number 63 on the Billboard Hot 100. Coincidentally, the song had been used in a promotion for the competing Zune media player a year prior. Several of CSSs songs feature on the soundtracks of video games and their singles Alala and Off the Hook were featured in the video game Forza Motorsport 2
CSS (band)
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CSS performing at the
Rock en Seine 2007
30.
Sean Kingston
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Kisean Anderson, known professionally as Sean Kingston, is a Jamaican-American singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer whose first album, Sean Kingston, was released in 2007. Kisean Anderson was born on February 3,1990, in Miami, Florida, and moved to Kingston, Jamaica and he attended high school in Ocho Rios. His grandfather was the noted Jamaican reggae producer Lawrence Lindo, who worked under the stage name Jack Ruby, Kingston was discovered on Myspace by Tommy Rotem at Beluga Heights, and signed to the label in a partnership deal with Sony. At Beluga we essentially refine the talent so that its more of a marketable product, in a venture between Epic Records and Koch Records, Kingston recorded and released the single Beautiful Girls in May 2007. The song peaked at the top of the Billboard Hot 100, Beautiful Girls was a success internationally, topping the charts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom. In the latter country, the song spent four weeks at the summit of the UK Singles Chart, in 2007, Kingston was the opening act for Gwen Stefanis The Sweet Escape Tour and for select dates on Beyoncés The Beyoncé Experience Tour. In 2008, he was one of the acts for the Australian leg of Kelly Clarksons My December Tour. Since Sean is a Jamaican singer, he got his name from the capital of Jamaica called Kingston. The album Tomorrow was released on September 22,2009, producers involved in the album included former Fugee Wyclef Jean, RedOne, plus Seans original mentor, J. R. Rotem. Fire Burning, and Face Drop were released as singles, additionally, five promotional digital singles were released leading up to the album. Kingston co-wrote Jason Derulos Whatcha Say and he also found the R&B-reggae singer Iyaz on MySpace and signed him to his record label. He also recorded the track Miss Everything for the UK girl-group Sugababes studio album Sweet 7 which was released March 15,2010, Kingston and DJ Khaled are being featured on Bow Wows new single For My Hood, from the movie, The Lottery Ticket. The album features T-Pain, Nicki Minaj, Kanye West, Flo Rida, Soulja Boy, Wyclef Jean, Cher Lloyd, Akon and Dr. Dre. The first single from the album is Eenie Meenie featuring Justin Bieber, released on March 23,2010 and this collaboration with the young star has been the source of much disapproval from the rap community. The second single from the album is Letting Go, which features a verse from Nicki Minaj and it was released on iTunes August 3, while the third is Dumb Love and was released on iTunes September 8. Sean Kingstons new song She Moves samples Irena Caras What a Feeling from the film Flashdance and this has not been release as a single. A fourth single Party All Night was released on December 21,2010, Kingston represented the continents of North and South America to sing the Official Theme Song of the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games, Everyone. However, Kingston was unable to attend the Singapore Youth Olympics 2010 opening ceremony due to passport mix ups, Sean was invited to be featured with Cash Money Records/former So So Def member Bow Wow on his single For My Hood
Sean Kingston
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Sean Kingston in 1KWMODOW
