1.
The Undisputed Truth (The Undisputed Truth album)
–
The Undisputed Truth is the self titled debut album of the Motown group of the same name. Released in 1971, it was produced entirely by Norman Whitfield, the album includes the groups biggest hit single, Smiling Faces Sometimes, which peaked at #3 on the US Billboard Hot 100 Chart. Many of the songs on album were also recorded by the groups Motown labelmates. Save My Love For A Rainy Day, for example, was recorded by The Temptations for their 1968 album The Temptations With A Lot O Soul. The Undisputed Truths version was released as their single, and it became a minor R&B hit. The album itself mixes the traditional Motown sound with psychedelic-influenced soul music and you Got The Love I Need was released as the B-side to The Undisputed Truths hit single Smiling Faces Sometimes. It is also the original song on the album, as all its other tracks had already been recorded by other artists. com
2.
The Undisputed Truth (Brother Ali album)
–
The Undisputed Truth is the third studio album by American hip hop artist Brother Ali, his second major release. It was released on April 10,2007 on Rhymesayers Entertainment, the album is produced entirely by Ant of Atmosphere. The first single, Truth Is, was released on January 9,2007, the second single is Uncle Sam Goddamn. In the period of promotion before the release of the album, several videos were released of various hip hop icons talking about Brother Ali, the song Whatcha Got is featured in the EA Sports video game Madden 08. Before the preparation for touring for the album, Brother Ali was invited to a Verizon sponsored tour with Gym Class Heroes, however, Brother Ali then released the music video for Uncle Sam Goddamn. Due to the content, which included him being critical of the United States government, Verizon ultimately withdrew its sponsorship of Ali. The album debuted at number 69 on the U. S. Billboard 200,2007 HipHopDX Awards Slept On Album of the Year Official Website Rhymesayers Entertainment music video of Uncle Sam Goddamn on YouTube
3.
Motown
–
Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12,1958, the name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a record company,79 records in the Top Ten of the Billboard Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. The company was sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records successor, Universal Music Group, Motown spent much of the 2000s as a part of the Universal Music subsidiaries Universal Motown and Universal Motown Republic Group, and headquartered in New York City. From 2011 to 2014, Motown was a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group division of Universal Music. On April 1,2014, Universal Music Group announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam and it now operates out of the landmark Capitol Tower. For many decades, Motown was the highest-earning African American business in the United States, Berry Gordy got his start as a songwriter for local Detroit acts such as Jackie Wilson and the Matadors. Wilsons single Lonely Teardrops, written by Gordy, became a huge success and he realized that the more lucrative end of the business was in producing records and owning the publishing. In 1959, Billy Davis and Berry Gordys sisters Gwen and Anna started Anna Records, Davis and Gwen Gordy wanted Berry to be the company president, but Berry wanted to strike out on his own. On January 12,1959, he started Tamla Records, with a loan from his family. Gordy originally wanted to name the label Tammy Records, after the hit song popularized by Debbie Reynolds from the 1957 film Tammy, when he found the name was already in use, Berry decided on Tamla instead. Tamlas first release, in the Detroit area, was Marv Johnsons Come to Me in 1959 and its first hit was Barrett Strongs Money, which made it to number 2 on the Billboard R&B charts. Gordys first signed act was the Matadors, who changed their name to the Miracles. Their first release, Got a Job, was a record to the Silhouettes Get a Job. The Miracles first, minor hit was their single, 1959s Bad Girl, released in Detroit as the debut record on the Motown imprint
4.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
5.
Psychedelic soul
–
It came to prominence in the late 1960s and continued into the 1970s, playing a major role in the development of funk and disco. Pioneering acts included Sly and the Family Stone, Jimi Hendrix, mainstream acts that developed a psychedelic sound included the Supremes and Stevie Wonder. Acts that achieved notability with the sound included the Chambers Brothers, the 5th Dimension, Edwin Starr, and George Clintons Funkadelic and Parliament ensembles. Following the lead of Jimi Hendrix in psychedelic rock, in the late 1960s psychedelia began to have a impact on African American musicians. Influenced by the civil movement, it had a darker. Other Motown acts soon followed into psychedelic territory, including established performers like the Supremes with Reflections, Love Child, psychedelic influences could also be heard in the work of Stevie Wonder and in Marvin Gayes socially conscious work from Whats Going On. George Clintons interdependent Funkadelic and Parliament ensembles and their various spin-offs, took the genre to its most extreme lengths, making funk almost a religion in the 1970s. And Your Ass Will Follow, and Maggot Brain, and Parliament album Osmium, producing over forty singles, including three in the US top ten, and three platinum albums. Acts like Earth, Wind & Fire, Kool & the Gang, and Ohio Players, who began as psychedelic soul artists, incorporated its sounds into funk music and eventually the disco which partly replaced it
6.
Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers
–
Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers were a soul band from Vancouver, British Columbia Canada. The group recorded for the Gordy Records division of Motown Records in 1968, as a producer and solo artist, Bobby Taylor contributed to several other soul recordings, both inside and outside of Motown. Taylor is most notable for discovering and mentoring The Jackson 5, Tommy Chong was a member of Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers before he became famous as a comedian. Bobby Taylor, born February 18,1934 in Washington, DC, was raised in Washington. As a young man, he moved to New York City and sang in doo-wop groups with singers who later joined successful acts such as Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers and Little Anthony and the Imperials. In 1958 he began his career as a member of The Four Pharaohs. The word Shades in the groups name referenced the fact that the band was interracial, the other members were black, white, and Aboriginal. Taylor was of African-American, Puerto Rican, and Native American heritage, Little Daddy & The Bachelors, recorded a single, Too Much Monkey Business / Juniors Jerk. Melton and Chong opened a Vancouver dance hall in 1962 called the Blues Palace and they brought in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue who had never been to Vancouver before. They drew a crowd and Melton and Chong broke even on that one. Gordy brought the Vancouvers to Motown Records in Detroit, Michigan, claims have been made that future star guitarist Jimi Hendrix played with them in those early days, but Chong has been quoted as saying that any such appearance is a product of Taylors imagination. Hendrix and Taylor knew each other from their days in the Seattle-Tacoma area. Hendrix later jammed onstage with the Vancouvers in Europe, the group recorded its debut album, an eponymous release, and their debut single, the Tommy Chong co-composition Does Your Mama Know About Me, peaked at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100. For a July,1968 engagement at the Regal Theater in Chicago, Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers had a family band, The Jackson 5. They released two singles, I Am Your Man, produced by Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. The Vancouvers ended up performing in support of Motown artist Chris Clark, Tommy Chong and Wes Henderson were fired by Clark and Motown producer Johnny Bristol for missing a gig to apply for Green cards. Taylor auditioned for the then-vacant lead singer position in The Temptations, after the Jackson 5 signed to Motown in March 1969, Taylor became the groups first producer. He supervised the bulk of their first album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, recording the Jacksons on a number of soul covers, berry Gordy would later move the group to California and take personal control of their sound
7.
Ain't No Mountain High Enough
–
Aint No Mountain High Enough is an R&B/soul song written by Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson in 1966 for the Tamla label, a division of Motown. The composition was first successful as a 1967 hit single recorded by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, the song became Ross first solo number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and was nominated for a Grammy Award. The song was written by Ashford and Simpson prior to joining Motown, british soul singer Dusty Springfield wanted to record the song but the duo declined, hoping it would give them access to the Detroit-based label. As Valerie Simpson later recalled, We played that song for her but wouldnt give it to her and we felt like that could be our entry to Motown. Nick called it the golden egg, Dusty recorded a similar verse melody in Im Gonna Leave You on Dusty. The original 1967 version of Aint No Mountain High Enough was a top twenty hit, according to record producers, Terrell was a little nervous and intimidated during recording because she did not rehearse the lyrics. Terrell recorded her vocals alone with producers Harvey Fuqua and Johnny Bristol, Aint No Mountain peaked at number nineteen on the Billboard pop charts, and went to number three on the R&B charts. This original version of Aint No Mountain, produced by Fuqua and Bristol, was a care-free, danceable and its success led to a string of more Ashford/Simpson penned duets. The Gaye/Terrell version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999, Diana Ross & The Supremes recorded a version of Aint No Mountain High Enough which was more faithful to the Terrell-Gaye original version as a duet with The Temptations. That song was a cut from a joint LP released by Motown Records in 1968 on the two superstar groups, titled the Supremes Join The Temptations. In late 1969, after the Top 20 success of her first solo single, Reach Out and Touch, Ashford, initially, Ross was apprehensive, but was convinced to make the recording. Motown chief Berry Gordy did not like the record upon first hearing it and he hated the spoken-word passages and wanted the song to begin with the climactic chorus/bridge. Ross version of Aint No Mountain High Enough rose up to one on both the pop and R&B singles charts. Ross received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and this version is in the key of C minor. Hugh Masekela included the song in his 1968 album The Promise of a Future, in 1981, American Disco band Inner Life from Salsoul Records released their version, which topped #20 on US Dance Chart. The Boys Town Gang formed a medley of the two songs Remember Me and Aint No Mountain High Enough in 1981, the single was a club hit. Australian singer Jimmy Barnes released an album of covers titled Soul Deep in 1991. This cover reached #28 in Australia in 1992, the song is performed over the credits to the 1993 film Sister Act 2, Back in the Habit
8.
Diana Ross
–
Diane Ernestine Earle Ross, known professionally as Diana Ross, is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. As part of the Supremes, her success made it possible for future African-American R&B, Dianas high-pitched and bright lyric-soprano voice has been enjoyed and still is by fans around the world. The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100, including the hits Where Did Our Love Go, Baby Love, Come See About Me, Stop. In the Name of Love, You Cant Hurry Love, You Keep Me Hangin On, Love Child and she later released the album Touch Me in the Morning in 1973, its title track reached number 1, as her second solo hit. That same year, her album Lady Sings The Blues, which was the soundtrack of her film based on the life of jazz singer Billie Holiday. By 1975, the Mahogany soundtrack included her third number-one hit and her eponymous 1976 album included her fourth number-one hit, Love Hangover. In 1979, Ross released the album The Boss and her 1980 semi-eponymous album Diana reached number 2 on the US Billboard albums chart, and spawned the number-one hit Upside Down, and the international hit Im Coming Out. After leaving Motown, Ross achieved her sixth and final US number-one hit, Ross has also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe Award and Academy Award-nominated performance for her performance in the film Lady Sings the Blues. She also starred in two films, Mahogany and The Wiz, later acting in the television films Out of Darkness, for which she also was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Ross was named the Female Entertainer of the Century by Billboard magazine, Ross has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, when her releases with the Supremes and as a solo artist are tallied. In 1988, Ross was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as member of the Supremes, alongside Mary Wilson and she was the recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2007, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. She is a 12-time Grammy nominee, never earning a competitive honor, in December 2016, Billboard magazine named her the 50th most successful dance artist of all time. Diane Ross was born at Hutzel Womens Hospital in Detroit on March 26,1944 and she was the second eldest child of Ernestine, a schoolteacher, and Fred Ross, Sr. a former Army soldier. Much has been made of whether her first name ends in an a or an e, according to Ross, her mother actually named her Diane but a clerical error resulted in her name being recorded as Diana on her birth certificate. She was listed as Diane during the first Supremes records, she introduced herself as Diane until early in the groups heyday and her friends and family still call her Diane. Rosss grandfather John E. Ross, a native of Gloucester County, Virginia, was born to Washington Ross, Virginia Baytops mother Francis Frankey Baytop was a former slave who had become a midwife after the Civil War. Ross and her family lived at Belmont Road in the North End section of Detroit, near Highland Park, MI. When Ross was seven, her mother contracted tuberculosis, causing her to seriously ill
9.
Four Tops
–
The Four Tops are an American vocal quartet from Detroit, Michigan who helped to define the citys Motown sound of the 1960s. The groups repertoire has included music, R&B, disco, adult contemporary, doo-wop, jazz. They were notable for having Stubbs, a baritone, as their singer, whereas most male. The group was the male vocal group for the highly successful songwriting and production team of Holland–Dozier–Holland. These included two Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits for the Tops, I Cant Help Myself in 1965, after Holland-Dozier-Holland left Motown in 1967, the Four Tops were assigned to a number of producers, primarily Frank Wilson, but generally with less success. When Motown left Detroit in 1972 to move to Los Angeles, California, in the 1980s, the Four Tops recorded for Casablanca Records, Arista Records and Motown, returning to that label on two occasions for brief stays. Apart from their album Indestructible, Universal Music Group controls the rights to their entire catalog and also their 1956 single. A change of lineup was forced on the group when Lawrence Payton died on June 20,1997, the group initially continued as a three-piece under the name the Tops, before Theo Peoples was recruited as the new fourth member. Peoples eventually took over the role of lead singer when Stubbs suffered a stroke in 2000, on July 1,2005, Benson died of lung cancer. Paytons son Roquel Payton replaced him, Levi Stubbs died on October 17,2008. Fakir, McNeir, Roquel Payton, and Harold Spike Bonhart, Fakir is the only surviving founding member of the group. All four members of the began their careers together while they were high-school students in Detroit. At the insistence of their friends, Pershing High students Levi Stubbs and Abdul Duke Fakir performed with Renaldo Obie Benson, the quartet decided to remain together and named the group the Four Aims. With the help of Paytons songwriter cousin Roquel Davis, the Aims signed to Chess Records in 1956, over the next seven years, the Tops had unsuccessful tenures at Chess, Red Top, Riverside Records and Columbia Records. Without any hit records to their name, they toured frequently, developing a stage presence. In 1963, Berry Gordy, Jr. who had worked with Roquel Davis as a songwriter in the late 1950s, during their early Motown years, the Four Tops recorded jazz standards for the companys Workshop label. In addition, they sang backup on Motown singles by the Supremes, Martha, in 1964, Motowns main songwriting and production team, Holland–Dozier–Holland, created a complete instrumental track without any idea of what to do with it. They decided to craft the song as a mainstream pop song for the Four Tops
10.
The Temptations
–
The Temptations are an American vocal group known for their success with Motown Records during the 1960s and 1970s. Known for their choreography, distinct harmonies, and flashy wardrobe, having sold tens of millions of albums, the Temptations are one of the most successful groups in music history. As of 2015, the Temptations continue to perform with one member, Otis Williams. Featuring five male vocalists and dancers, the formed in 1960 in Detroit. In 1964, Bryant was replaced by David Ruffin, who was the lead vocalist on a number of the groups biggest hits, including My Girl, Aint Too Proud to Beg, and I Wish It Would Rain. Ruffin was replaced in 1968 by Dennis Edwards, with whom the group continued to record hit records such as Cloud Nine, the groups lineup has changed frequently since the departures of Kendricks and Paul Williams from the act in 1971. Over the course of their career, the Temptations have released four Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles and fourteen R&B number-one singles, and their material has earned them three Grammy Awards. The Temptations were the first Motown recording act to win a Grammy Award - for Cloud Nine in 1969 -, six of the Temptations were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989. Three classic Temptations songs, My Girl, Just My Imagination, the Temptations were also ranked at number 68 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Artists of all time. Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams started singing together in church as children, by their teenage years, they formed a doo-wop quartet in 1955 with Kell Osborne and Wiley Waller, naming themselves the Cavaliers. After Waller left the group in 1957, the trio left Birmingham to break into the music business. The group settled in Detroit where they changed their name to the Primes under the direction of Milton Jenkins, the Primes soon became well known around the Detroit area for their meticulous performances. Jenkins later created a group, The Primettes, later known as the Supremes. Kendricks was already seen as an idol in the Detroit area while Williams was well received for his baritone vocals. Texas teenager Otis Williams moved to Detroit as a youngster to be with his mother, by 1958, Williams was the leader of a vocal group named Otis Williams and the Siberians. The group included Elbridge Al Bryant, James Pee-Wee Crawford, Vernard Plain, the group recorded a song, Pecos Kid for a label run by radio deejay Senator Bristol Bryant. Shortly after its release, the changed its name to The El Domingoes. Following this, Montgomery native Melvin Franklin replaced Arthur Walton as bass vocalist and Franklins cousin, Detroit-born Richard Street, signing with Johnnie Mae Matthews Northern Records, the group had their name changed again to The Distants
11.
Afro
–
The hairstyle is created by combing the hair away from the scalp, allowing the hair to extend out from the head in a large, rounded shape, much like a cloud or ball. In people with naturally curly or straight hair, the hairstyle is created with the help of creams. Particularly popular in the African-American community of the late 1960s, the hairstyle is often shaped and maintained with the assistance of a wide-toothed comb colloquially known as an Afro pick, Afro is derived from the term Afro-American. In the 1860s, a similar to the Afro was worn by the Circassian beauties. Sometimes known as Moss-haired girls, they were a group of women exhibited in sideshow attractions in the United States by P. T. Barnum, the Circassian blended elements of white Victorian True Womanhood with traits of the enslaved black woman in one curiosity. During the history of slavery in the United States, most African-Americans styled their hair in an attempt to mimic the styles of the white society in which they lived. Afro-textured hair, characterized by its tight kinks, has described as being kinky, coarse, cottony, nappy. These characteristics represented the antithesis of the European American standard of beauty, as a result, the practice of straightening gained popularity among African-Americans. In the late 1890s/early 1900s, Madam C. J. Walker also popularized the use of the hot comb in the United States and those who chose not to artificially treat their hair would often opt to style it into tight braids or cornrows. With all of these methods, one ran the risk of damaging the hair shaft. This cultural movement marked a return to natural, untreated hairstyles. To some African-Americans, the Afro also represented a link to West Africa. In the mid-1960s, the Afro hairstyle began in a fairly tightly coiffed form, as the 1960s progressed towards the 1970s, popular hairstyles, both within and outside of the African-American community, became longer and longer. As a result, the late 1960s/early 1970s saw an expansion in the size of Afros. The 1970s saw an increase in the popularity of braided hairstyles such as cornrows among both sexes of African-Americans, the Afro saw some resurgence in both the 1990s and 2000s. These Afros would take varied forms—some incorporating elements such as braids, beads or twists—as well as various sizes—from close-cropped natural hairstyles all the way to expansive Afro wigs. Beyoncé Knowles also donned a large Afro wig for her role as Foxxy Cleopatra in the 2002 film Austin Powers in Goldmember, a Jewfro or Isro refers to a mop-like hairstyle worn by certain people usually of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, who often have naturally curly hair. Similar hairdos worn by people are usually considered, with humor
12.
1971 in music
–
List of notable events in music that took place in the year 1971. February 1 – After months of feuding in the press, Ginger Baker, february 3 - Davy Jones announces he is leaving the Monkees. February 8 – Bob Dylans hour-long documentary film, Eat the Document, is premièred at New Yorks Academy of Music, the film includes footage from Dylans 1966 UK tour. March 1 – The line-up for Queen is completed when bassist John Deacon joins the band, march 4 – The Rolling Stones open their UK tour in Newcastle upon Tyne, intended as a farewell to the UK prior to the bands relocation to France as tax exiles. March 5 – Ulster Hall, Belfast, Northern Ireland, sees the first live performance of Led Zeppelins iconic song Stairway to Heaven, march 6 - The Soul to Soul concert takes place in Accra, Ghana, headlined by Wilson Pickett. March 12-13 – The Allman Brothers Band records its live album, march 16 – The 13th Grammy Awards, honoring musical accomplishments of 1970, are presented. The ceremonies are broadcast on television for the first time. April 3 – The 16th Eurovision Song Contest, held in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, is won by Monaco with the song Un Banc, Un Arbre, Une Rue sung by Séverine. April 6 – The Rolling Stones hold a party in Cannes to officially announce their new contract with Atlantic, may 12 – Mick Jagger marries Bianca de Macías in Saint-Tropez, France, in a Roman Catholic ceremony. Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, and their wives are among the wedding guests, june - Rafael Kubelík becomes music director of the Metropolitan Opera, New York, at the invitation of Göran Gentele, the new general manager. June 6 – John Lennon and Yoko Ono join Frank Zappa on stage at the Fillmore East for an encore jam, the performance would be released the following year on the Some Time in New York City album. June 8 - Carole King gives her first live concert, at Carnegie Hall, june 20-24 – The first Glastonbury Festival to take place at the summer solstice is held in South West England. Performers include David Bowie, Traffic, Fairport Convention, Quintessence, june 27 – Promoter Bill Graham closes the Fillmore East in New York City with a final concert featuring The Allman Brothers Band, The Beach Boys and Mountain. July 3 – Jim Morrison is found dead in a tub in Paris, France. Alain Ronay would claim, years later, that he assisted Morrisons lover, Pamela Courson, july 4 – The Fillmore West is closed in San Francisco with a final show featuring Santana, Creedence Clearwater Revival and The Grateful Dead. July 9 – Grand Funk Railroad becomes only the band to perform a sold-out concert at Shea Stadium breaking The Beatles record of selling out the venue. The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour premieres on CBS, august 14 - The Who release their fifth studio album Whos Next, reaching No.1 in the UK and No.1 in the US. September 11 – The Jackson 5ive, a Saturday morning cartoon based on the popular Motown group The Jackson 5
13.
Papa Was a Rollin' Stone
–
Papa Was a Rollin Stone is a psychedelic soul song, written by Motown songwriters Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong as a single for Motown act The Undisputed Truth in 1971. This version of Papa was released as a single in early 1972 and peaked at #63 on the Pop Charts and #24 on the R&B Charts, and was included on The Undisputed Truths 1973 album Law of the Land. While the original Undisputed Truth version of the song has largely forgotten, The Temptations version of the song has been an enduring. It was ranked number 168 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, in retrospect, The Temptations Otis Williams considers Papa to be the last real classic the group recorded. A very unusual thing about this song is that it only one chord throughout — B-flat minor. Friction arose during the recording of Papa Was a Rollin Stone for a number of reasons, Norman Whitfield forced Dennis Edwards to re-record his parts dozens of times until he finally got the angered, bitter grumble he desired out of the usually fiery-toned Edwards. Whitfields treatment of the group led to his dismissal as their producer. It actually was on the third of October, however, a seven-minute edited version of Papa Was a Rollin Stone was released as a single in September 1972. For this mix, congas were added to bolster the songs sparse percussion, the Temptations box set Emperors of Soul has the edited version in stereo, but without the congas. The B-side was the backing by The Funk Brothers without the Temptations vocals. Papa rose to one on the U. S. pop charts and number five on the U. S. R&B charts. A number of covers of Papa Was a Rollin Stone have been recorded. Issac Hayes and Charlotte Kelly recorded a version of this song, in January 1995, they also performed the song live on Taratata. The record producer and remixer Dr. Heinz Funkenpumpe released a remix of The Pioneers version in 2009, bill Wolf Wolfer created an electronic cover of the number for his 1982 debut album, Wolf. The single peaked at number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1983, luis Miguel recorded a Spanish-language version during the recording sessions of Soy como quiero ser in 1987. The group Was covered the song on their 1990 album Are You Okay. george Michael performed the song during the Cover to Cover tour in 1991, where it was blended with the Adamski hit Killer. It was released on the EP Five Live and this arrangement was also performed by Seal. In the Battle of the Groups segment of the TV special Motown Returns to the Apollo in 1985 the Four Tops sang the coda, much to the outrage of the Temptations
14.
Billboard Hot 100
–
The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
15.
George Clinton (musician)
–
George Clinton is an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and record producer. He was the architect of P-Funk and the mastermind of the bands Parliament and Funkadelic during the 1970s. He launched a career in 1981. He has been cited as one of the foremost innovators of funk music along with James Brown and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Clinton was born in Kannapolis, North Carolina, grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, during his teen years Clinton formed a doo wop group inspired by Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers called The Parliaments, while straightening hair at a barber salon in Plainfield. For a period in the 1960s Clinton was a songwriter for Motown. These two bands combined the elements of such as Jimi Hendrix, Sly and the Family Stone, Cream, and James Brown while exploring various sounds, technology. Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic dominated diverse music during the 1970s with over 40 R&B hit singles, Clintons efforts as a solo artist began in 1982. He is also a music producer who works on almost all the albums he performs on. Beginning in the early 1980s, Clinton recorded several solo albums. In 1982, Clinton signed to Capitol Records under two names, his own and as the P-Funk All-Stars, releasing Computer Games under his own name that same year. The single Loopzilla hit the Top 20 on the R&B charts, followed by Atomic Dog, in 1985, he was recruited by the Red Hot Chili Peppers to produce their album Freaky Styley, because the band members were huge fans of George Clintons and of funk in general. Clinton, in fact, wrote the vocals and lyrics to the track which was originally intended by the band to be left as an instrumental piece. The album was not a success at the time, but has since sold 500,000 copies after the Red Hot Chili Peppers became popular years later. During the mid to late 1980s, many hip-hop and rap artists cited Clintons earlier music as an influence, along with James Brown, Clintons songs with Parliament-Funkadelic were often sampled by rap producers. Sure, sample my stuff… he remarked in 1996, Aint a better time to get paid than when youre my age. You know what to do with money and you dont buy as much pussy or drugs with it – you just buy some. In 1989, Clinton released The Cinderella Theory on Paisley Park and this was followed by Hey Man, Smell My Finger in 1993
16.
Parliament (band)
–
Parliament is a funk band most prominent during the 1970s. Both Parliament and its sister act, Funkadelic, are led by George Clinton, Parliament was originally The Parliaments, a doo-wop vocal group based at a Plainfield, New Jersey barbershop. The group was formed in the late 1950s and included George Clinton, Ray Davis, Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, Clinton was the group leader and manager. The group finally had a hit single in 1967 with Testify on Revilot Records, with Funkadelic as a recording and touring entity in its own right, in 1970 Clinton relaunched the singing group, now known as Parliament, at first featuring the same ten members. Clinton was now the leader of two different acts, Parliament and Funkadelic, which featured the members but were marketed as creating two different types of funk. The Parliament album entitled Osmium was released on Invictus Records in 1970, Osmium featured a mostly psychedelic soul sound that was more similar to the Funkadelic albums of the period than to the later Parliament albums. The song The Breakdown was released separately as a single, due to continuing contractual problems and the fact that Funkadelic releases were more successful at the time, Clinton abandoned the name Parliament until 1974. Dozens of singers and musicians would contribute to future Parliament-Funkadelic releases, Clinton relaunched Parliament in 1974 and signed the act to Casablanca Records. By this point, Parliament and Funkadelic were touring as an entity known as Parliament-Funkadelic or simply P-Funk. The album Up for the Down Stroke was released in 1974, both performed strongly on the Billboard R&B charts and were moderately successful on the Pop charts. Parliament began its period of greatest mainstream success with the concept album Mothership Connection, Parliament scored the #1 R&B singles Flash Light in 1977 and Aqua Boogie in 1978. The rapidly expanding ensemble of musicians and singers in the Parliament-Funkadelic enterprise, as well as Clintons problematic management practices, other important group members like singer/guitarist Glenn Goins and drummer Jerome Brailey left Parliament-Funkadelic in 1978 after disputes over Clintons management. Two further Parliament albums, Gloryhallastoopid and Trombipulation were less successful than the albums from the groups prime 1975-1978 period, however, many of the musicians in later versions of the two groups remained employed by Clinton. Clinton continued to release new albums regularly, sometimes under his own name, the P-Funk All-Stars continued to record and tour into the 1990s and 2000s, and regularly perform classic Parliament songs. Liner notes to Music For Your Mother by Rob Bowman,1992, Parliament discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs
17.
The Miracles
–
Formed in 1955 by Smokey Robinson, Warren Pete Moore, and Ronnie White, the group started off as the Five Chimes, changing their name to the Matadors two years later. The group then settled on the Miracles after the inclusion of Claudette Robinson in 1958, the most notable Miracles line-up included the Robinsons, Moore, White, Bobby Rogers and Marv Tarplin. In all, the group had over fifty charted hits by the time they disbanded, on the R&B charts, the Miracles scored 26 Top 10 Billboard R&B hits, with 4 R&B # 1s, and 11 U. S. R&B Top 10 Albums, including 2-#1s. Bobby Rogers and Ronald White revived the group as a touring ensemble sporadically during the 1980s, following Whites death in 1995, Rogers continued to tour with different members until he was forced into retirement due to health issues in 2011, dying less than two years later. The Miracles have been awarded many top music industry honors over the years, in 1997, the group received the Pioneer Award at the Rhythm and Blues Foundation for their musical achievements. Four years later, in 2001, they were inducted to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, in 2004, they were ranked thirty-two on the Rolling Stone magazines list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, retaining that same position seven years later, in 2011. Four of their hit songs were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, in 2009, the group received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Throughout their careers, the Miracles were also enshrined with honors for their songwriting by both BMI and ASCAP, in 2008, Billboard listed them at #61 on their 100 most successful Billboard artists ever list. After much controversy, the Miracles were inducted to the Rock, the group that later became the Miracles was formed in 1955 by five teenage friends from Detroit, Michigan, under the name the Five Chimes. Three of the members, Smokey Robinson, Pete Moore. The group, influenced by such as Billy Ward and His Dominoes and Nolan Strong & the Diablos, featured Clarence Dawson. All FIVE CHIMESoriginal members attended Northern High School in Detroit, after Dawson quit the group and Grice dropped out to get married, they were replaced by Emerson Sonny Rogers and his cousin Bobby and changed their name to the Matadors. Ironically, both Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers were born in the hospital on the same month, date and year. In 1957, Sonny Rogers left to join the United States Army and Claudette Rogers, his sister, following two years of courtship, Smokey and Claudette married in November 1959. The group auditioned for Brunswick Records in front of Alonzo Tucker, Nat Tarnopol and one of the staff songwriters, Berry Gordy. Tucker was unimpressed by the audition, stating that there was the Platters that there couldnt be two groups in America like that with a woman in the group. Gordy recorded their first single, Got a Job, a song to the Silhouettes Get a Job in January 1958. Gordy shortly thereafter struck a deal with George Goldners End Records to distribute the single, before the song was released, the group changed their name to the Miracles, taking it from the moniker Miracletones, with the Tones taken out
18.
Advertisement film
–
A television advertisement is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service. Advertisers and marketeers may refer to television commercials as TVCs, Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately-owned television networks. As of 2016 the vast majority of television advertisements consist of advertising spots. Advertisements of this sort have promoted a variety of goods, services. The effects of television advertising upon the public have been the subject of philosophical discourse by such luminaries as Marshall McLuhan. In many countries, including the United States, television advertisements are considered indispensable for a political campaign. In other countries, such as France, political advertising on television is heavily restricted, while some countries, such as Norway, completely ban political advertisements. The announcement for Bulova watches, for which the company paid anywhere from $4.00 to $9.00, displayed a WNBT test pattern modified to look like a clock with the hands showing the time. The Bulova logo, with the phrase Bulova Watch Time, appeared in the lower quadrant of the test pattern while the second hand swept around the dial for one minute. The first TV ad broadcast in the UK went to air on ITV on September 22,1955, the first TV ad broadcast in Asia appeared on Nippon Television in Tokyo on August 28,1953, advertising Seikosha, it also displayed a clock with the current time. To accomplish the first step means different things in different parts of the world depending on the regulation in place, in the UK for example, clearance must be given by the body Clearcast. Another example is Venezuela where clearance is governed by a body called CNAC, the clearance provides guarantee to the broadcasters that the content of the advertisement meets legal guidelines. Because of this, special extended clearance sometimes applies to food, after the advent of cheap video software and consumer cameras, numerous individuals have offered video production services on the internet. Some of these ad jingles or catch-phrases may take on lives of their own, spawning gags that appear in films, television shows, magazines, comics, or literature. These long-lasting advertising elements may be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the demographic to whom they appeared. An example is the phrase, Winston tastes good like a cigarette should. Variations of this dialogue and direct references to it appeared as long as two decades after the advertising campaign expired, another example is Wheres the Beef. which grew so popular it was used in the 1984 presidential election by Walter Mondale. Another popular catch-phrase is Ive fallen and I cant get up, Advertising agencies often use humor as a tool in their creative marketing campaigns
19.
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (film)
–
The film stars Henry Cavill, Armie Hammer, Alicia Vikander, Elizabeth Debicki, Jared Harris and Hugh Grant. The film was produced by RatPac-Dune Entertainment and Davis Entertainment, in 1993, John Davis obtained the rights for a film adaptation based on the original series. However, the fell into development hell due to multiple script rewrites. Over the years, Matthew Vaughn, David Dobkin and Steven Soderbergh were optioned for directing until Ritchie signed on in March 2013, the film premiered at Barcelona on August 2,2015 and was released on August 14 by Warner Bros. Pictures, receiving mixed reviews and was a box office disappointment, Vikander, with a number of films that year, won awards from three different critics associations for Actor of the Year and Breakthrough Film Artist. The Man from U. N. C. L. E. was released on DVD, the trio travels to Rome, where Gaby and Kuryakin reluctantly pose as an engaged couple, and Solo pretends to be an antiquities dealer. Solo deduces they are being monitored and instructs Kuryakin not to himself from muggers so as to preserve this cover. Despite their hostilities towards each other, Kuryakin heeds his advice, later, at an auto racing event promoted by the Vinciguerras, Solo and Gaby flirt with Victoria and Alexander, respectively, in order to lure out information about Teller. Meanwhile Kuryakin acquires evidence the Vinciguerras were recently exposed to radiation, Solo and Kuryakin begrudgingly join forces to break into a Vinciguerra shipping yard, in which they find traces of uranium. After accidentally setting off the alarm, they escape into the only to find their way blocked. During the ensuing scuffle with the guards, Kuryakin nearly drowns in the waters but Solo escapes, although a suspicious Victoria pursues them with her henchmen, Solo and Kuryakin manage to slip past into their own rooms undetected, and Victoria and Solo spend the night together. Solo is saved by Kuryakin, who straps Rudi into the electric chair, Teller quickly adds the finishing touches to the bomb, but is then shot in the head by Victoria as soon as he does. He and his Special Boat Service commandos help Solo and Kuryakin infiltrate the Vinciguerras’ compound, Alexander Vinciguerra attempts to escape with Gaby and the warhead, but is intercepted and Alexander is killed by the duo. The two instead choose to share a drink on the terrace and burn the contents of the disk and they then reunite with Gaby and Waverly, who reveals that the trio has been reassigned to a new international organization under his command. He then announces a new mission to Istanbul under their new codename, producer John Davis optioned the film rights to the 1960s TV series in 1993, setting up a development deal for an adaptation with Warner Bros. and series producer Norman Felton. Davis has estimated that he commissioned 12 or 14 different scripts over the course of 20 years, with writers Jim and John Thomas, John Requa, Glenn Ficarra, quentin Tarantino was briefly attached following the success of Pulp Fiction, but opted to make Jackie Brown instead. Continued to labor in development hell with directors Matthew Vaughn and David Dobkin, Steven Soderbergh was attached to direct Scott Z. Burns screenplay, with production slated to begin in March 2012. Emily Blunt was nearly cast as the lead, but she left the project shortly after Soderbergh departed in November 2011
20.
Rose Royce
–
Rose Royce is an American soul and R&B group. They are best known for hit singles during the 1970s including Car Wash, I Wanna Get Next to You, Im Going Down, Wishing on a Star. The Los Angeles-based group originally comprised Henry Garner, Terral Terry Santiel, Lequeint Duke Jobe, Michael Moore, Kenny Copeland, Kenji Brown, Freddie Dunn, and Victor Nix. The group began in the early 1970s, when members of several bands from the Watts. In 1973, this collective toured England and Japan behind Motown soul star Edwin Starr, Whitfield, after a decade at Motown, wanted to start a company of his own. Octet under his wing and signed them to his label, the group, now called Magic Wand, began working with Yvonne Fair and became the studio and concert band for The Undisputed Truth. During a tour stop in Miami, Undisputed Truth leader Joe Harris stumbled upon a singer named Gwen Dickey, Harris informed Whitfield of his discovery and Dickey was flown to Los Angeles to audition. In Dickey, Whitfield found the ingredient he felt was missing in Magic Wand and he gave her the stage name Rose Norwalt. The original band lineup, now complete, prepared their debut album, during this time Whitfield was contacted by film director Michael Schultz, fresh from the success of his first feature, Cooley High. Schultz offered Whitfield the opportunity to score his next picture, Car Wash, Whitfield would utilize the film to launch his new group, and began composing music based on script outlines. He and the visited the film set, soaking up the atmosphere. This was one of the instances in Hollywood in which the music was composed concurrently with the picture instead of after the fact. In the spirit of the soundtrack, the name was changed one final time to Rose Royce. The name not only referenced the movies theme, but it also placed Gwen Rose Dickey front. Further, it hinted at a touch of class the band strove to bring to 1970s soul-funk, the movie Car Wash and the soundtrack were great successes, bringing the group national fame. Whitfield won the Best Music award at the Cannes Film Festival, released in late 1976, the soundtrack featured three Billboard R&B Top Ten singles, Car Wash, I Wanna Get Next to You, and Im Going Down. The first of these was also a one single on the Billboard popular music charts. The groups follow-up album, Rose Royce II, In Full Bloom, produced two Top Ten singles, Do Your Dance and Ooh Boy
21.
Willie Hutch
–
William McKinley Hutchison, better known as Willie Hutch, was an American singer, songwriter as well as a record producer and recording artist for the Motown record label during the 1970s and 1980s. Born in 1944 in Los Angeles, Hutch was raised in Dallas, Texas and he joined a doo-wop group, The Ambassadors, as a teenager. After his move to Los Angeles, his music caught the eye of the mentor for pop/soul quintet The 5th Dimension, and Hutch was soon writing, producing, the song was recorded by the group the morning after Hutch received the call. Motown CEO Berry Gordy signed Hutch to be a writer, arranger, producer. Hutch later co-wrote songs that were recorded by the Jackson 5 and their front man Michael Jackson, Smokey Robinson, the newly rechristened Miracles, in 1973, Hutch started recording albums for Motown, releasing the Fully Exposed album that year. That same year, Hutch recorded and produced the soundtrack to the Blaxploitation film, Hutch had several R&B hits during this period, including Brothers Gonna Work It Out and Slick. He also recorded the soundtrack for the 1974 film Foxy Brown and he recorded at least six albums for Motown, peaking with 1975s single Love Power, which reached number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100. He left Motown in 1977 for Norman Whitfields Whitfield Records, the soundtrack for The Mack was recorded and released before the solo effort Fully Exposed. Hutch returned to Motown in 1982, where he scored the hit, In and Out. He had a hit with the song Keep on Jammin as well. Hutch left Motown again by the end of the decade and by 1994 had moved back to Dallas and he died in 2005, aged 60. He is survived by six children, and was the uncle of Cold 187um of the rap group Above the Law and his manager, Anthony Voyce, said of Hutch, Ive never met a more generous and caring person. K
22.
Chaka Khan
–
Chaka Khan is an American recording artist whose career has spanned five decades, beginning in the 1970s as the frontwoman and focal point of the funk band Rufus. Widely known as the Queen of Funk, Khan has won ten Grammys and has sold an estimated 70 million records worldwide, Khan was ranked at number 17 in VH1s original list of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll. In 2015, she was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the second time, Khan was the first R&B artist to have a crossover hit featuring a rapper, with I Feel for You in 1984. In the course of her career, Khan has achieved three gold singles, three gold albums and one platinum album with I Feel for You. With Rufus, she achieved four gold singles, four gold albums, in December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked her as the 65th most successful dance artist of all-time. Chaka Khan was born Yvette Marie Stevens on March 23,1953 into an artistic, bohemian household in Chicago, Illinois. She is the eldest of five born to Charles Stevens and Sandra Coleman. She was raised in the Hyde Park area, an island in the middle of the madness of Chicagos rough South Side housing projects and her sister Yvonne later became a successful musician in her own right under the name Taka Boom. Her only brother, Mark, who formed the funk group Aurra and she has two other sisters, Zaheva Stevens and Tammy McCrary. Chaka Khan was raised as a Catholic and she attributed her love of music to her grandmother, who introduced her to jazz as a child. Khan became a fan of rhythm and blues music as a pre-teen and at eleven formed a group, the Crystalettes. Though many think that she was given the name Chaka while in the Panthers she has made it clear that her name Chaka Adunne Aduffe Hodarhi Karifi was given to her at age 13 by a Yoruba Baba. In 1969, she left the Panthers and dropped out of school, having attended Calumet High School. She began to perform in groups around the Chicago area, first performing with Cash McCalls group Lyfe, which included her then boyfriend Hassan Khan. She was asked to replace Baby Huey of Baby Huey & the Babysitters after Hueys death in 1970, the group disbanded a year later. While performing in bands in 1972, she was spotted by two members of a new group called Rufus and soon won her position in the group. They later signed with ABC Records in 1973, prior to signing with the label, she married on-and-off boyfriend Hassan Khan, changing her stage name to Chaka Khan. In 1973, Rufus released their eponymous debut album and that changed when Wonder himself collaborated with the group on a song he had written for Khan
23.
Wishing on a Star
–
Wishing on a Star is a 1978 hit single by Rose Royce for Whitfield Records. Included on their album, Rose Royce II, In Full Bloom, Wishing on a Star is a slow ballad written by former Undisputed Truth member Billie Rae Calvin. The lyrics concern a woman longing for the return of an ex-lover so that they can resume their relationship, the original version of Wishing on a Star was not a big hit in the US, peaking at number 52 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The song was a big hit in the United Kingdom. The parent album, In Full Bloom, was successful as a whole. The single was re-released as the X Factors charity single for 2011, the single features JLS and One Direction. The song was rerecorded by Miriam Stockley and used as the tune to the US television mini-series The 10th Kingdom. The British DJ and production group, Fresh 4, and released their recording in September 1989 and it was produced by Smith & Mighty and featured Lizz E, and became the groups only notable UK hit. It peaked at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart, the groups debut studio album that would have featured this song was never released, as a result of disagreements with the record label. The Cover Girls recorded a hit cover of the song in 1992 off their third album Here It Is and it was the first single featuring new lead singer Michelle Valentine. While the group had had success in America up to that point, the Cover Girls also recorded a Spanish version of the song. The original version of the song featured Michelle Valentine on lead vocals, the song, produced by Mousse T. like most of the album, was given an uptempo house makeover. Released as the single off the album in September 1998, it proved to be the most successful, achieving minor chart placings in Europe. Wishing on a Star was covered by rapper Jay Z featuring Gwen Dickey of Rose Royce in 1998. It can be found on the United Kingdom release of In My Lifetime, Vol.1 and Greatest Hits, the track is produced by the Trackmasters, who also produced a remix of this track. A music video for the song was released, showing a child actor portraying Jay Z growing up in Marcy Houses. Jay Z himself does not appear in the video and it was also used to promote the fragrance True Star endorsed by American fashion designer Tommy Hilfiger in 2004. An a cappella version of the song was recorded by Knowles for a television campaign, an extended play album was also released in 2004 to promote the fragrance compromising of two songs – Wishing on a Star and Naïve
24.
Disco
–
Disco is a genre of dance music containing elements of funk, soul, pop, and salsa. It achieved popularity during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. It was popular with men and women, from many different backgrounds. The disco sound often has several components, a beat, an eighth note or 16th note hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat. In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, Orchestral instruments such as the flute are often used for solo melodies, and lead guitar is less frequently used in disco than in rock. Many disco songs use electronic synthesizers, particularly in the late 1970s, well-known 1970s disco performers included Donna Summer, the Bee Gees, Boney M. KC and the Sunshine Band, The Trammps, Sylvester, Village People, Gloria Gaynor and Chic. While performers and singers garnered much attention, record producers working behind the scenes played an important role in developing the disco sound. Many non-disco artists recorded songs at the height of discos popularity. Disco was the last mass popular movement that was driven by the baby boom generation. Disco was a phenomenon, but its popularity drastically declined in the United States in 1980. Disco Demolition Night, an anti-disco protest held in Chicago on 12 July 1979, is thought of as a factor in discos fast. By the late 1970s most major U. S. cities had thriving disco club scenes, Studio 54, a venue popular amongst celebrities, is a well-known example of a disco club. Popular dances included the Hustle, a suggestive dance. Discotheque-goers often wore expensive, extravagant and sexy fashions, Disco clubs were also associated with promiscuity. Disco was a key influence on the 1980s electronic dance style called house. The term is derived from discothèque, by the early 1940s, the terms disc jockey and DJ were in use to describe radio presenters. During WWII, because of restrictions set in place by the Nazi occupiers, eventually more than one of these jazz venues had the proper name discothèque. By 1959, the term was used in Paris to describe any of these type of nightclubs and that year a young reporter named Klaus Quirini started to select and introduce records at the Scotch-Club in Aachen, West Germany
25.
Atlantic Records
–
Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
26.
Northern soul
–
The northern soul movement, however, generally eschews Motown or Motown-influenced music that has had significant mainstream commercial success. Northern soul is associated with dance styles and fashions that grew out of the underground rhythm & soul scene of the late 1960s at venues such as the Twisted Wheel in Manchester. As the favoured beat became more uptempo and frantic, by the early 1970s, northern soul dancing became more athletic, somewhat resembling the later styles of disco. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, popular northern soul records generally dated from the mid-1960s and this meant that the movement was sustained by prominent DJs discovering rare and previously overlooked records. Later on, certain clubs and DJs began to move away from the 1960s Motown sound, the phrase Northern soul emanated from the record shop Soul City in Covent Garden, London, which was run by journalist Dave Godin. It was first publicly used in Godins weekly column in Blues & Soul magazine in June 1970, I devised the name as a shorthand sales term. It was just to say if youve got customers from the north, dont waste time playing them records currently in the U. S. black chart, the venue most commonly associated with the early development of the northern soul scene was the Twisted Wheel in Manchester. The club began in the early 1950s as a coffee bar called the Right Wing, but in early 1963. Initially, the Twisted Wheel mainly hosted live music on the weekends, starting in September 1963, the Abadi brothers promoted all-night parties at the venue on Saturday nights, with a mixture of live and recorded music. However, other towns and cities across Britain had similar enthusiasts around this time who would tune into radio broadcasts. Dismayed at the change in policy and the frequent drug raids by the police. Until his departure in 1968, resident All Niter DJ Bob Dee compiled and supervised the playlist, rarer, more up-tempo records were added to the playlist in 1969 by the new younger DJs up until the clubs eventual closure in 1971. The venue’s owners had filled the vacancy left by Eagle with a growing roster of specialist soul DJs. The Twisted Wheel gained a reputation as a haven, and under pressure from the police and other authorities. These included the King Mojo in Sheffield, the Catacombs in Wolverhampton, Room at the Top in Wigan, Northern soul reached the peak of its popularity in the mid to late 1970s. At this time, there were clubs in virtually every major town in the Midlands. The three venues regarded as the most important in this decade were the Golden Torch in Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent, Blackpool Mecca and Wigan Casino. Chris Burton, the owner, stated that by 1972, the club had a membership of 12,500, Wigan Casino began its weekly soul all-nighters in September 1973
27.
Belita Woods
–
Belita Karen Woods was a lead singer of the late 1970s R&B group, Brainstorm. She also performed with Parliament-Funkadelic for two decades, beginning in 1992, Brainstorm had a disco hit in 1977 called Lovin Is Really My Game. Their follow-up album, 1978s Journey to the Light, featured a more sound, anchored by the album tracks Were On Our Way Home. Prior to joining Brainstorm, Woods released a single Magic Corner/Grounded on Detroits Moira label in 1967 and she is female lead singer on their 1991 single, a recorded version of the groups 1973 song Law of the Land. Woods began touring with the P-Funk All-Stars in 1992, in 2001 she sang on four songs on French DJ/producer Étienne de Crécys Tempovision album. The song Scratched was produced by fellow P-Funk mate Michael Clip Payne and she had three solo songs on George Clintons How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent. Released in 2005, Dont Dance Too Close, More Than Words Can Say, Woods died of heart failure on May 14,2012
28.
Motorcity Records
–
Motorcity Records is a British record label formed by producer Ian Levine in 1989. The label aimed to record new material with former Motown artists, Levine, a Motown fan since his childhood in the 1960s, was offered a chance to record Kim Weston on his Hi-NRG label Nightmare in 1987. The result Signal Your Intention topped the UK Hi-NRG charts and met with enthusiasm from Motown fans, Kim Weston brought other former Motown acts to the label, including Mary Wells, The Velvelettes and Marv Johnson. Mary Wilson of The Supremes followed next and during 1988, a full Motown reunion began to take shape, in April 1989, more than 60 artists gathered in front of the legendary Hitsville studios in Detroit, receiving ample media coverage. Later in the year, Levine changed the name to Motorcity Records. In the U. S. the record companies were reluctant to invest in artists of yesteryear, in the UK, Levine released several singles and albums, both studio albums and various artists compilations, but ran into a string of bad luck with shifting distributors early on. At the time it meant that much of the music didnt unfortunately reach its potential, Levine relentlessly continued during 1990-91 with the number of artists growing to 108 former Motown acts signed while sinking deeper into financial problems. In 1991, however, Motorcity had a hit single with Footsteps Following Me - performed, ironically, by one of the least known artists, Frances Nero, which made it to No.17 in the national charts. Her dream was short-lived, after recording constantly and receiving no royalties from Ian Levine, she severed her relationship, after a deal with Total/BMG, everything began to fall apart during 1992. After a final single Darling Darling Baby with Edwin Starr, it was all over, by that time, a total of 770 songs had been recorded. Hot Productions, however, closed down towards the end of 1997 before all 50 volumes had been released. Levines Motorcity recordings continue to be released on compilations. Songs like Ronnie McNeirs Lucky Number, Carolyn Crawfords Timeless and The Elgins Dont Wait Around have since received praise on the UK soul scene than the first time round. Ian Levine was also instrumental with the several successful multi-artist package tours, similar in style, a month-long tour in November 1990 featured The Elgins, Kim Weston, Syreeta, Carolyn Crawford, Marv Johnson and was headlined by Jean, Scherrie & Lynda of The Supremes. The final night of the tour was videotaped and released the year as The Legends of Motorcity USA on two videos. A three-disc DVD box set with 100 videos from the Motorcity era titled Dont Forget the Motorcity, was released in November 2007, Motorcity Records albums discography Motorcity Records singles discography 2-part interview by Bill Brewster
29.
Billboard 200
–
The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
