1.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
2.
Western Australia
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Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Southern Ocean to the south, the state has about 2.6 million inhabitants, around 11% of the national total. 92% of the lives in the south-west corner of the state. The first European visitor to Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog, the first European settlement of Western Australia occurred following the landing by Major Edmund Lockyer on 26 December 1826 of an expedition on behalf of the New South Wales colonial government. This was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, including the site of the present-day capital, york was the first inland settlement in Western Australia. Situated 97 kilometres east of Perth, it was settled on 16 September 1831, Western Australia achieved responsible government in 1890, and federated with the other British colonies in Australia in 1901. Today its economy relies on mining, agriculture and tourism. The state produces 46% of Australias exports, Western Australia is the second-largest iron ore producer in the world. The International Hydrographic Organization designates the body of water south of the continent as part of the Indian Ocean, the total length of the states eastern border is 1,862 km. There are 20,781 km of coastline, including 7,892 km of island coastline, the total land area occupied by the state is 2.5 million km2. Most of the state is a low plateau with an elevation of about 400 metres, very low relief. This descends relatively sharply to the plains, in some cases forming a sharp escarpment. The extreme age of the landscape has meant that the soils are remarkably infertile, even soils derived from granitic bedrock contain an order of magnitude less available phosphorus and only half as much nitrogen as soils in comparable climates in other continents. Soils derived from extensive sandplains or ironstone are even less fertile, nearly devoid of soluble phosphate and also deficient in zinc, copper, molybdenum, the infertility of most of the soils has required heavy application by farmers of chemical fertilisers, particularly superphosphate, insecticides and herbicides. These have resulted in damage to invertebrate and bacterial populations, the grazing and use of hoofed mammals and, later, heavy machinery through the years have resulted in compaction of soils and great damage to the fragile soils. Large-scale land clearing for agriculture has damaged habitats for native flora, large areas of the states wheatbelt region have problems with dryland salinity and the loss of fresh water. The southwest coastal area has a Mediterranean climate and it was originally heavily forested, including large stands of karri, one of the tallest trees in the world. This agricultural region is one of the nine most bio-diverse terrestrial habitats, thanks to the offshore Leeuwin Current, the area is one of the top six regions for marine biodiversity and contains the most southerly coral reefs in the world
3.
Perth
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Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo
4.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
5.
Conservatism
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Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization. The term, historically associated with right-wing politics, has since used to describe a wide range of views. There is no set of policies that are universally regarded as conservative, because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place. Thus conservatives from different parts of the world—each upholding their respective traditions—may disagree on a range of issues. In contrast to the definition of conservatism, political theorists such as Corey Robin define conservatism primarily in terms of a general defense of social. In Great Britain, conservative ideas emerged in the Tory movement during the Restoration period, Toryism supported a hierarchical society with a monarch who ruled by divine right. Tories opposed the idea that sovereignty derived from the people, and rejected the authority of parliament, Robert Filmers Patriarcha, or the Natural Power of Kings, published posthumously in 1680 but written before the English Civil War of 1642–1651, became accepted as the statement of their doctrine. However, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 destroyed this principle to some degree by establishing a government in England. Faced with defeat, the Tories reformed their movement, now holding that sovereignty was vested in the three estates of Crown, Lords, and Commons rather than solely in the Crown, Toryism became marginalized during the long period of Whig ascendancy in the 18th century. Conservatives typically see Richard Hooker as the father of conservatism, along with the Marquess of Halifax, David Hume. Halifax promoted pragmatism in government, whilst Hume argued against political rationalism and utopianism, Burke served as the private secretary to the Marquis of Rockingham and as official pamphleteer to the Rockingham branch of the Whig party. Together with the Tories, they were the conservatives in the late 18th century United Kingdom, Burkes views were a mixture of liberal and conservative. He supported the American Revolution of 1765–1783 but abhorred the violence of the French Revolution and he insisted on standards of honor derived from the medieval aristocratic tradition, and saw the aristocracy as the nations natural leaders. That meant limits on the powers of the Crown, since he found the institutions of Parliament to be better informed than commissions appointed by the executive and he favored an established church, but allowed for a degree of religious toleration. Burke justified the order on the basis of tradition, tradition represented the wisdom of the species and he valued community. Burke was a leading theorist in his day, finding extreme idealism an endangerment to broader liberties, despite their influence on future conservative thought, none of these early contributors were explicitly involved in Tory politics. Hooker lived in the 16th century, long before the advent of toryism, whilst Hume was an apolitical philosopher, Burke described himself as a Whig. Shortly after Burkes death in 1797, conservatism revived as a political force as the Whigs suffered a series of internal divisions
6.
Seven News
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Seven News is the television news service of the Seven Network and the highest-rating in Australia. The network also produces news bulletins for regional Queensland and the Gold Coast. The news service is retransmitted via a number of affiliates, including Prime Television. It draws upon the resources of ITN, NBC, MediaWorks New Zealand, CBC, CNN, APTN, the networks Director of News and Current Affairs is Craig McPherson. In 2003, former Nine Network news and current affairs chief Peter Meakin was appointed to Seven News, in 2007, Seven News beat National Nine News in ratings for the first time in the Melbourne market. During the year, they ranked highest nineteen weeks in a row compared to Nines thirteen weeks, previously, in 2006, Seven had ranked on top 16 weeks in while Nine had 24 weeks on top in Melbourne. During 2008, from weeknight to weeknight, Seven and Nine had similar ratings, as of 2013, Nine News retains a national lead, although Seven still has a tight grip on the Adelaide and Perth bulletins. In November 2012, Peter Meakin resigned as director of news and current affairs of the Seven Network after nine years in the role, with Rob Raschke named as his successor. In October 2013, it was announced that the Saturday 6pm bulletins would be extended to one hour, in February 2014, Today Tonight was axed in the Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane markets and the news bulletins were extended to one hour. The Adelaide and Perth bulletins remain at 30 minutes with Today Tonight being retained in those two markets only, in July 2016, a new locally focused bulletin for the Gold Coast was introduced, airing at 5. 30pm every evening from the networks Surfers Paradise studios. Seven Early News airs at 5 am on weekdays and is presented by Jodie Speers and it airs from Sevens Martin Place studios and is followed by Sunrise. In January 2016, it was announced that Jodie Speers would replace Natalie Barr and Mark Beretta due to Sunrise starting at 5, the bulletin also moved to the earlier time of 5am. Sunrise is the networks breakfast program, aired weekdays from 5,30 am to 9, 15am, the program is hosted by David Koch and Samantha Armytage with news presenter Natalie Barr, sport presenter Mark Beretta, entertainment presenter Edwina Bartholomew and weather presenter Sam Mac. Andrew OKeefe and Monique Wright host Weekend Sunrise with Angela Cox as news presenter, Simon Reeve as sport presenter, Sally Bowrey as entertainment presenter, Seven Morning News airs at 11. Chris Bath previously presented the bulletin from 2004 until 2006, in 2006, Bath and Sanders swapped roles with Bath appointed weekend presenter on Seven News Sydney and Sanders appointed presenter of Seven Morning News. Fill in presenters for the bulletin include Angela Cox, Robert Ovadia, Sally Bowrey and Sarah Cumming, Matt Carmichael, Jim Wilson, the main National bulletin is broadcast from the networks Martin Place studios and is presented by Ann Sanders and Sally Bowrey. Sport is presented by Mel McLaughlin and Jim Wilson and weather is presented by David Brown, the Melbourne edition is broadcast from the networks Docklands studios in Melbourne and is presented by Jacqueline Felgate, with weather presented by meteorologist Jane Bunn. The local edition simulcasts across Victoria and New South Wales/South Australian border areas over Prime7 Victoria and it is considered as the highest rating market for the bulletin
7.
Western Australian state election, 2017
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The eight and a half year incumbent Liberal–WA National government, led by Premier Colin Barnett, was defeated by the Labor opposition, led by Opposition Leader Mark McGowan. Additionally, Labor exceeded all published opinion polling, winning 55.5 percent of the two-party vote from a record landslide 12.8 percent two-party swing. Labor also became the largest party in the Legislative Council with 14 of the 36 seats, the Labor government will therefore require at least five additional votes from non-government members to pass legislation. The four main media networks covering the election, the ABC, Sky News, Seven News and Nine News, McGowan succeeded Barnett to become the 30th Premier of Western Australia. Meanwhile, the Liberals and WA Nationals had won only 10 and five seats respectively, the swing against the government affected traditionally safe seats. Consequently, six government ministers lost their seats in the Legislative Assembly while one lost his seat in the Legislative Council. 1 Matt Taylor was the member for the seat of Bateman, but contested Bicton after losing preselection to Dean Nalder,2 Albert Jacob was the member for the abolished seat of Ocean Reef, but instead contested Burns Beach, a seat containing much of the same territory. Members in italics did not contest their seat at this election, Labor also retained two seats—Collie-Preston and West Swan—which were notionally Liberal-held after the redistribution. The Liberal Party retained Hillarys, which was being contested by the incumbent MLA Rob Johnson as an independent, Labor became the largest party in the Legislative Council with 14 of the 36 seats. The Labor government will require at least five additional votes from non-government members to pass legislation. The vacancies were filled by Bill Leadbetter and Elise Irwin, who will first sit in the Legislative Council on 11 May 2017. On 3 November 2011, the Government of Western Australia introduced fixed four-year terms for the Legislative Assembly, the first election under the new law was the 2013 election. Previously, under electoral reforms of the Burke Government in 1987, four-year maximum terms were adopted for the Legislative Assembly, at the 2013 election, Labor won 21 seats, the Liberals won 31 seats and the Nationals won 7 seats. No seats were won by independents, on 15 April 2016, the Liberal member for Hillarys, Rob Johnson, resigned from the Liberal Party to sit as an independent, leaving the government with 30 seats in the lower house. At the 2013 election, the Liberals won 17 seats, Labor won 11 seats, the Nationals won five seats, Western Australias Legislative Council is divided into six regions. Three are based in Perth, while three are rural, each region elects six members to the Legislative Council. These areas are not of population sizes, with rural areas receiving from one. The Western Australian rural population dropped from about 12. 1% to 10. 7% of the enrolled electors after the 2008 election
8.
Australian Labor Party
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The Australian Labor Party is a political party in Australia. The party has been in opposition at federal level since the 2013 election, Bill Shorten has been the partys federal parliamentary leader since 13 October 2013. The party is a party with branches in each state. Labor is in government in the states of Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, the party competes against the Liberal/National Coalition for political office at the federal and state levels. Labors current National Platform describes the party as a social democratic party, the party of opportunity and security for working people. The ALP was not founded as a party until after the first sitting of the Australian Parliament in 1901. Nevertheless, it is regarded as descended from labour parties founded in the various Australian colonies by the labour movement in Australia. Labor is thus the countrys oldest political party, colonial labour parties contested seats from 1891, and federal seats following Federation at the 1901 federal election. Labor was the first party in Australia to win a majority in either house of the Australian Parliament, internationally, the ALP is a member of the Progressive Alliance network of social-democratic parties, having previously been a member of the Socialist International. The Australian Labor Party has its origins in the Labour parties founded in the 1890s in the Australian colonies prior to federation, Labor tradition ascribes the founding of Queensland Labour to a meeting of striking pastoral workers under a ghost gum tree in Barcaldine, Queensland in 1891. The Balmain, New South Wales branch of the party claims to be the oldest in Australia, Labour as a parliamentary party dates from 1891 in New South Wales and South Australia,1893 in Queensland, and later in the other colonies. The first election contested by Labour candidates was the 1891 New South Wales election, the major parties were the Protectionist and Free Trade parties and Labour held the balance of power. It offered parliamentary support in exchange for policy concessions, the United Labor Party of South Australia was founded in 1891, and three candidates were that year elected to the South Australian Legislative Council. The first successful South Australian House of Assembly candidate was John McPherson at the 1892 East Adelaide by-election, at the 1893 South Australian elections the ULP was immediately elevated to balance of power status with 10 of 54 lower house seats. The liberal government of Charles Kingston was formed with the support of the ULP, so successful, less than a decade later at the 1905 election, Thomas Price would form the worlds first stable Labor government. John Verran led Labor to form the states first of many majority governments at the 1910 election, in 1899, Anderson Dawson formed a minority Labour government in Queensland, the first in the world, which lasted one week while the conservatives regrouped after a split. The colonial Labour parties and the unions were mixed in their support for the Federation of Australia. They feared that federation would further entrench the power of the conservative forces, the first Labour leader and Prime Minister, Chris Watson, however, was a supporter of federation
9.
Fokker F27 Friendship
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The Fokker F27 Friendship is a turboprop airliner developed and manufactured by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. It has the distinction of being the most numerous aircraft to have been manufactured in the Netherlands. Innovative manufacturing techniques were employed in the aircrafts construction. On 24 November 1955, the F27 performed its maiden flight, on 19 November 1958, shortly after its introduction, the F27 was recognised as being a commercial success. During the 1980s, Fokker developed a successor to the F27, the Fokker 50. In the aftermath of the Second World War, twin-engine all-metal monoplanes such as the successful Douglas DC-3 airliner dominated commuter aviation. Over 10,000 DC-3s had been manufactured during wartime, what had led to the type being highly available, by 1951, figures within Fokker were urging that design work be undertaken on a prospective 32-seat airliner intended as a direct replacement for the popular DC-3. Fokker sought the opinions of a number of existing DC-3 operators on what performance increases, on the basis of this feedback, the design team chose to incorporate various new technologies into the tentative design. In 1953, the proposed airliner received the name Friendship, on 24 November 1955, the first prototype, registered PH-NIV, performed its maiden flight. The second prototype and initial production machines were 0 and these aircraft were also powered by the Dart Mk 528 engine, which was capable of generating greater thrust. Throughout the F27s production life, Fokker F27 proceeded to adapt the design for various purposes and roles, the adaption of the type to produce several models for the purpose of performing as a military transport were also produced. Fokker also chose to design a model of the F27 for conducting maritime reconnaissance missions. During 1952, Fokker established a relationship with the American aircraft manufacturer Fairchild, in 1956, Fokker signed a licensing deal with Fairchild, under which the latter was authorised to manufacture the F27 in the USA. On 12 April 1958, the first American-built aircraft conducted its first flight, production of Fairchild built aircraft would continue until July 1973. Fairchild proceeded to developed a stretched version of the airliner. The majority of sales completed by Fairchild fell within the North American market, in the early 1980s, Fokker decided to develop a modernised successor to the F27 Friendship, designated as the Fokker 50. The Fokker 50 ultimately replaced the F27 in production, in November 1958, the first production aircraft, an F27-100 model, was delivered to Irish airline Aer Lingus, it performed its first revenue flight in the following month. In 1960, demand for the F27 increased rapidly as multiple airlines placed orders for the type
10.
Rupert Murdoch
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Keith Rupert Murdoch /ˈmɜːrdɒk/, AC, KCSG is an Australian-born American media mogul. His father, Keith Murdoch, had been a reporter, editor, after his fathers death in 1952, Murdoch declined to join his late fathers registered public company and created his own private company, News Limited. Murdoch moved to New York City in 1974, to expand into the U. S. market, however, he retained interests in Australia and Britain. In 1981, Murdoch bought The Times, his first British broadsheet, in 1986, keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies, Murdoch consolidated his UK printing operations in Wapping, causing bitter industrial disputes. Murdochs News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox, HarperCollins, and The Wall Street Journal, Murdoch formed the British broadcaster BSkyB in 1990, and during the 1990s expanded into Asian networks and South American television. By 2000, Murdochs News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries, Murdoch faces police and government investigations into bribery and corruption by the British government and FBI investigations in the U. S. On 21 July 2012, Murdoch resigned as a director of News International, on 1 July 2015, Murdoch left his post as CEO of 21st Century Fox. Murdoch and his own both 21st Century Fox and News Corp through the Murdoch Family Trust. In July 2016, after the resignation of Roger Ailes due to accusations of sexual harassment, Keith Rupert Murdoch was born on 11 March 1931 in Melbourne to Sir Keith Murdoch and Dame Elisabeth Murdoch. He is of English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, Murdochs parents were also born in Melbourne. Keith Murdoch was a war correspondent and later a newspaper magnate owning two newspapers in Adelaide, South Australia, and a radio station in a faraway mining town. Later in life, Keith Rupert chose to use Rupert, the first name of his maternal grandfather. Keith Murdoch the elder asked to meet with his wife after seeing her debutante photograph in one of his own newspapers and they married in 1928. In addition to Rupert, the couple had three daughters, Janet Calvert-Jones, Anne Kantor and Helen Handbury, Murdoch attended Geelong Grammar School, where he was co-editor of the schools official journal The Corian and editor of the student journal If Revived. He took his schools cricket team to the National Junior Finals and he worked part-time at the Melbourne Herald and was groomed by his father to take over the family business. After her husbands death from cancer in 1952, Elisabeth Murdoch did charity work, as governor of the Royal Womens Hospital in Melbourne. At the age of 102, she had 74 descendants, Murdoch completed an MA before working as a sub-editor with the Daily Express for two years. Following his fathers death, when he was 21, Murdoch returned from Oxford to take charge of the family business News Limited, Rupert Murdoch turned its newspaper, Adelaide News, its main asset, into a major success
11.
Australian Securities Exchange
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Australian Securities Exchange Ltd, or ASX Limited, is an Australian public company that operates Australias primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006, today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the worlds top 15 listed exchange groups. ASX Group is an operator, clearing house and payments system facilitator. It also oversees compliance with its rules, promotes standards of corporate governance among Australias listed companies. Its primary markets are the AQUA Markets, ASIC also supervises ASXs own compliance as a public company with ASX Listing Rules. ASX Compliance is an ASX subsidiary company that is responsible for monitoring and enforcing ASX-listed companies compliance with the ASX operating rules, the Reserve Bank of Australia has oversight of the ASXs clearing and settlement facilities for financial system stability. The major market index is the S&P/ASX200, a made up of the top 200 shares in the ASX. This supplanted the previously significant All Ordinaries index, which runs parallel to the S&P ASX200. Other indices for the stocks are the S&P/ASX100 and S&P/ASX50. A further exchange in Launceston, Tasmania, merged into the Hobart exchange, in November 1903, the first interstate conference was held to coincide with the Melbourne Cup. The exchanges then met on a basis until 1937 when the Australian Associated Stock Exchanges was established. Over time, the AASE established uniform listing rules, broker rules, Trading was conducted by a call system, where an exchange employee called the names of each company and brokers bid or offered on each. In the 1960s, this changed to a post system, Exchange employees called chalkies wrote bids and offers in chalk on blackboards continuously, and recorded transactions made. The ASX was formed in 1987 by legislation of the Australian Parliament which enabled the amalgamation of six independent stock exchanges that formerly operated in the capital cities. After demutualisation, the ASX was the first exchange in the world to have its shares quoted on its own market, the ASX was listed on 14 October 1998. On 7 July 2006 the Australian Stock Exchange merged with SFE Corporation,1861, Ten years after the official advent of the Gold Rush, Australias first stock exchange was formed in Melbourne. In the 1850s Victoria was Australias gold mining centre, its population increasing from 80,000 in 1851 to 540,000 in 1861. 1871, Thirty years after it lit the first gas light in Sydney, AGL took its place in history again
12.
Palace Hotel, Perth
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The Palace Hotel in Perth, Western Australia is a landmark three-storey heritage listed building located in the citys central business district. The building is located on the most prominent intersection in the district of the city, at the corner of St Georges Terrace. When the hotel opened for business on 18 March 1897 it was, although smaller than some of its contemporary buildings in other capital cities in Australasia. One of the most beautiful and elegant hotels in Australasia, redolent of the bourgeois luxury and splendour of the Paris of Napoleon III and later. In its day, as sumptuous a hostelry as any in Melbourne or Sydney and it operated as licensed premises from 1897 until 1981. The building is described as being of a Federation Free Classical architectural style and it is three storeys high and of brick and iron construction. It was designed by architects Porter and Thomas and built by prominent mining entrepreneur, in 1973, a public lobby group known as The Palace Guards was formed to push state planning authorities for the preservation of the building. In 1990, legislation enforcing compliance with heritage preservation orders was enacted and it was recorded as a permanent entry in the state heritage register at the Heritage Council of Western Australia in May 2000. At the time of its transformation into banking chambers in the 1980s, considerable amounts of nostalgia, the site was first used as a lodging house when the Kings Head Hotel operated there from at least 1830, owned and operated by William Dixon. In 1831 Dixon sold it to William Henry Leeder after which it was known as Leeders Hotel, with it becoming a centre for the town with many important dinners. Leeders Hotel was extended in 1845, by time it was known as the Freemasons Tavern. A fire at the rear of the hotel in 1888 destroyed a number of outbuildings, american real estate investor and former hotelier John De Baun purchased the property from Leeders widow for ₤14,000 in 1894, along with several other sites along St Georges Terrace. He engaged architects Ernest Saunders Porter and Edmond Neville Thomas to design the new Palace Hotel for the site with no expense to be spared, marble for the fireplaces and mosaic floor tiles for the main entrance and bar-room floors came from Italy. De Baun also commenced construction of the nearby Melbourne Hotel in 1895 in similar style, if not quite the same degree of opulence, a newspaper advertisement dated 1903 boasted. De Baun died in 1911 and ownership passed to the West Australian Trustee Executor and Agency Company Limited, charles Atkins purchased the property in 1924 for £48,000. External renovations were made in 1935 and 1939, prior to this refurbishment, engraved lettering of the former name De Bauns Palace Hotel was displayed in the corbelling above the front entrance. The Commonwealth Banking Corporation purchased the property sometime around 1972 with an announcement that it planned to redevelop the site as high-rise offices, the groups inaugural meeting was held on 27 March 1973 at the Hotel. There were never many hotels of its standard in Australia and to my knowledge this is the last of them
