The milkmaid and her pail
The Milkmaid and Her Pail is a folktale of Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 1430 about interrupted daydreams of wealth and fame. Ancient tales of this type exist in the East but Western variants are not found before the Middle Ages. It was only in the 18th century that the story about the daydreaming milkmaid began to be attributed to Aesop, although it was included in none of the main collections and does not appear in the Perry Index. In more recent times, the fable has been variously treated by artists and set by musicians.
'The fable of the girl and her milk pail' by Kate Greenaway, 1893
The Merry Milkmaid, after Marcellus Laroon (c.1688)
A copy of Pavel Sokolov's statue of The girl with the pitcher in the park of Britz Castle
The Panchatantra is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose, arranged within a frame story. The surviving work is dated to about 200 BCE, but the fables are likely much more ancient. The text's author is unknown, but it has been attributed to Vishnu Sharma in some recensions and Vasubhaga in others, both of which may be fictitious pen names. It is likely a Hindu text, and based on older oral traditions with "animal fables that are as old as we are able to imagine".
The first page of oldest surviving Panchatantra text in Sanskrit
An 18th-century Pancatantra manuscript page in Braj ("The Talkative Turtle")
A Panchatantra relief at the Mendut temple, Central Java, Indonesia
A Panchatantra manuscript page