The Third Fillon government was the 34th government in the Fifth Republic of France. It was formed on 14 November 2010. It is composed of members from the UMP and the NC. On 10 May 2012, following the election defeat of President Nicolas Sarkozy in the 2012 presidential election, François Fillon presented the resignation of the Government. However, the government continued to manage daily affairs until the appointment of a new prime minister by the new President of the Republic.

The Ayrault government was the 35th and 36th governments in the Fifth Republic of France, and headed by Jean-Marc Ayrault. The first Ayrault government was formed on 16 May 2012 by the presidential decree of President François Hollande. It was composed of members from the Socialist Party (30), the EELV (2) and the Radical Party of the Left (2). This was the first French government to respect gender equality, with equal male and female posts except the Prime Minister. It lasted one month, until the June legislative elections, after which Ayrault submitted his resignation.