The Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the Second Egyptian Satrapy, was effectively a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire between 343 BC to 332 BC. It was founded by Artaxerxes III, the King of
Western part of the Achaemenid Empire
Artaxerxes III as Pharaoh, satrapal coinage of Cilicia.
The Svenigorodsky cylinder seal depicting a Persian king thrusting his lance at an Egyptian pharaoh, while holding four other Egyptian captives on a rope.
Probable portrait of young Artaxerxes IV as Pharaoh, wearing the Pharaonic crown.
Ptolemaic Kingdom
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The Ptolemaic Kingdom or Ptolemaic Empire was an ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. It was founded in 305 BC by the Macedonian Greek general Ptolemy I Soter, a companio
Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
…to other provinces, possibly under the title of satrap. At Alexander's death, Ptolemy was formally appointed satrap prior to his establishment of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The Romans eventually replaced the Ptolemaic dynasty, maintaining Egypt as the personal property of Augustus and the subsequent emperors and ruling…
Ptolemy as Pharaoh of Egypt, British Museum, London
Hellenistic bust of Ptolemy I Soter, 3rd century BC, now in the Louvre
A bust depicting Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus 309–246 BC
Coin depicting Pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes. Ptolemaic Kingdom.