Thirty Years' War
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The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians die
The siege and capture of Bautzen by John George I, Elector of Saxony, in September 1620, contemporary engraving by Matthäus Merian the Elder
Dutch ships ramming Spanish galleys in the Battle of the Narrow Seas during the Eighty Years' War, October 1602
19th-century depiction of the Third Defenestration of Prague (1618), which marked the beginning of the Bohemian Revolt, and therefore of the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.
The Battle of White Mountain, oil painting by Peter Snayers
Gustavus Adolphus
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Gustavus Adolphus, also known as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph, was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. He is credited with the rise of Sweden as a great European power. During his reign, Sweden b
Thirty Years' War
…the Spanish Empire, then engaged in the Eighty Years' War, while the acquisition of imperial territories gave rulers like Christian IV of Denmark and Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden ongoing motives to intervene. These factors, together with Protestant fears that their religion was threatened, transformed an internal…
Portrait attributed to Jacob Hoefnagel, 1624
Gustav Adolf's parents, King Charles IX and Queen Christina
Gustavus Adolphus at Breitenfeld in 1631
Death of Gustavus Adolphus at Lützen by Carl Wahlbom (1855)