Thomas Barclay was a missionary of the Presbyterian Church of England to Formosa from 1875 until his death. His ministry in southern Taiwan has been compared to the work done in northern Taiwan by George Leslie Mackay. He founded Tainan Theological College and Seminary in 1876.

Carstairs Douglas was a Scottish missionary, remembered chiefly for his writings concerning the Hokkien language of Southern Min in Southern Fujian, in particular his Chinese–English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy.