1.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
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Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
4.
Young Artist Award
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The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979, at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season. The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony, honoring young performers of 2016, was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles, the scholarship program is funded exclusively by donations including contribution from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. The Young Artist Awards are presented annually by the Young Artist Association, originally known as the Youth In Film Awards for the first twenty years, the name was officially changed to the Young Artist Awards for the 21st annual awards ceremony in March 2000. Originally held in the autumn in its years, the awards ceremony has traditionally taken place in the spring for more than 20 years. The original Youth In Film Award was a statuette was similar to a miniature Oscar, a gilded figure of a man holding a laurel wreath instead of a sword and standing upon a relatively large trophy style base. The current Young Artist Award statuette, is a figure displaying a Five-pointed star above its head, candidates considered for nomination must be between the ages of 5 and 21 and are usually submitted for consideration by producers or by the young artists agent and/or manager. Submissions are traditionally due by the end of January to mid-February and nominees are announced about one month later at an annual nomination ceremony, winners are selected by members of the Young Artist Association. Today, the Young Artist Association has a board of over 125 members composed of journalists, agents. Winners are selected by ballot of all associated with the Young Artist Association as well as former nominees. The various Young Artist Awards categories have evolved extensively since the first awards were presented, after the ceremony is the annual banquet dinner and then dancing with live musical entertainment often provided by talented young musical artists of the day. The first Youth In Film Awards were presented in October 1979 at a ceremony held at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood. Subsequent venues over the years have included the Ambassador Hotels Coconut Grove, the Globe Theater, the Beverly Garland Hotel and the Sportsmens Lodge
5.
All I Want for Christmas (film)
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All I Want for Christmas is a 1991 American romantic comedy film directed by Robert Lieberman, and stars Harley Jane Kozak, Lauren Bacall, Thora Birch, Ethan Randall and Leslie Nielsen. The score was composed by Bruce Broughton, including a theme setting song by Stephen Bishop, in New York City, siblings Ethan and Hallie OFallon launch a hilarious scheme to get what they most want for Christmas with their parents, Catherine and Michael, and grandmother, Lillian. When Hallie meets Santa Claus, she asks for an unusual gift-her parents back together again, as the children embark on their adventure and while planning ahead, Tony Boer takes interest with Catherine. Ethan gets pre-occupied with not only his parents romantic dilemma, an elaborate scheme involves with mice, telephone calls and an ice-cream truck, as Ethan and Hallie try to achieve their goal for helping Stephanie, and sees Tony with the primary obstacle. They succeed with a little Christmas magic from Santa Claus
6.
Patriot Games (film)
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Patriot Games is a 1992 American spy thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce and based on Tom Clancys novel of the same name. It is a sequel to the 1990 film The Hunt for Red October, James Earl Jones is the lone holdover, reprising his role as Admiral James Greer. The cast also includes Sean Bean, Patrick Bergin, Thora Birch, Samuel L. Jackson, James Fox, and Richard Harris. The film premiered in theaters in the United States on June 5,1992, the next installment in the film series, Clear and Present Danger, also starred Ford and Archer. Retired CIA analyst Jack Ryan is on vacation with his family in London and they witness a terrorist attack on Lord William Holmes, British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Ryan intervenes and is injured, but he kills one of the assailants, Patrick Miller, the remaining attackers flee, as Sean is apprehended by the police. While recovering, Ryan is called to testify in court against Miller, Miller is later convicted for his crimes. While being transferred to Albany Prison on the Isle of Wight, Millers escort convoy is ambushed by his comrades, including Kevin ODonnell, who execute the police officers, Miller and his companions flee to North Africa to plan another kidnapping attempt on Lord Holmes. Miller also persuades several members of the group to him to the U. S. to kill Ryan. Ryan survives an assassination orchestrated by Annette and an accomplice outside the U. S. Naval Academy. Later, Miller and a henchman attack Ryans wife and daughter on a busy highway, enraged over the attack on his family, Ryan decides to go back to work for the C. I. A. Having earlier rejected the appeal of his superior, Vice Admiral James Greer. Ryans work leads him to conclude that Miller has taken refuge in a camp in Libya. A Special Air Service team attacks and kills everyone in the camp while Ryan looks on through a satellite feed. Unbeknownst to Ryan, Miller and his companions had fled the camp and were on their way to the U. S. to stage their next attack. Lord Holmes decides to visit Ryan at his home to present his KCVO. With the aid of Lord Holmes traitorous assistant, Millers group tracks Holmes to Ryans house in Maryland, diplomatic Security Service agents and state troopers guarding the residence, and make an attempt to kidnap Lord Holmes. Ryan leads Holmes and his family to safety while he attempts to lure Miller, the FBIs Hostage Rescue Team scrambles to pick up Holmes
7.
Hocus Pocus (1993 film)
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It follows the villainous trio of witches, who are inadvertently resurrected by a male teenager as a virgin in Salem, Massachusetts. The film became a film, largely from annual airings on Disney Channel. In 1693 on October 31st, during the Salem witch trials, Thackery Binx sees his sister, Emily Binx. There, the Sanderson sisters, Winifred, Sarah and Mary, cast a spell on Emily to absorb her youth and regain their own, Binx confronts the witches who transform him into an immortal black cat to live with his guilt at not saving Emily. Binx guards the cottage to ensure no one summons the witches,300 years later on October 31st,1993, Max Dennison moves from Los Angeles to Salem with his family, including his sister Dani. While exploring the town, he and Dani meet Allison, whose family owns the Sanderson cottage as a museum, Max suggests that they go there and impress Allison, but promised Dani to go trick-or-treating. The children escape, while Max steals Winifreds spell book on advice from Binx, the witches pursue them to a cemetery, where Winifred raises her unfaithful lover Billy Butcherson as a zombie to chase them on foot. The witches try to acclimate to the 20th century, but are horrified when they discover Halloween, the witches plan to achieve their goals or else they will be disintegrated on sunrise. They pursue the children across town using Marys enhanced sense of smell, Max, Allison and Dani find their parents at a Halloween party at the town hall, where Winifred enchants the partygoers to dance and sing until they die. At Jacob Bailey High School, the trap the witches in a kiln to burn them alive. While the children celebrate, the witches curse revives them, and they kidnap Dani and Binx after Max, Sarah then uses her siren-like voice to mesmerize Salems children and lure them to the Sandersons cottage. Max and Allison rescue Dani and Binx by tricking the witches into believing sunrise came an hour early, back at the cemetery, Max runs into Billy, who cuts open his stitched up mouth and insults Winifred, joining Max to protect Dani. The witches attack and Winifred attempts to out the soul from Dani with the single vial of potion she retrieved from her cauldron. Binx leaps on Winifred and knocks the potion out of her hand into Maxs, rather than smashing the vial, Max drinks it and apparently makes himself a sacrifice. As the sun rises, Winifred is unable to drain Maxs life force from him after falling into the hallowed ground, and soon turns to stone and is disintegrated to dust along with her sisters. As the satisfied Billy returns to his grave, Binx dies freeing his soul, thanking Max, Dani and Allison for help, during the end credits, the exhausted partygoers are freed from the spell and return home. Back at the cottage, Jay and Ernie, two teenagers who earlier tormented Max and Dani with their bullying, remain imprisoned in their cages while passing the time singing Row Your Boat. Unbeknownst to them, Winifreds spellbook opens its eye to seek its master, the Sanderson Sisters Bette Midler as Winifred Winnie Sanderson, the leader of the Sanderson sisters and the oldest
8.
Monkey Trouble
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Monkey Trouble is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Franco Amurri and stars Thora Birch. Also her stepfather, Tom, a lieutenant, is allergic to fur. She cant keep the pet at her father Peters house because he is a pilot and travels a lot. One day, a Capuchin monkey named Fingers runs away from his master, a gypsy thief named Shorty. He meets Eva in the park, and she names him Dodger, at home, she finds that keeping him a secret is trouble. She only allows Jack, who cant speak yet, into her room with him, as Eva spends certain weekends with her father, one arrives. However, he leaves a message that hes in Canada. Once there, they realize that they have no food, at a grocery store that evening, he steals food and hides it in Evas backpack, but she catches him in the act and returns the stolen groceries. When she returns home, she discovers golden jewelry and wallets in her backpack that he had also stolen, so she spends the rest of the weekend teaching him not to steal. Shorty, who has been looking for Fingers all this time, finds, Shorty discovers that the monkey wont steal anymore. Meanwhile, Amy and Tom, who has been dealing with reports on stolen jewelry and they confront her about it, and she tries to explains about her hidden monkey, but they refuse to believe her. Things get worse when Peter stops by and reveals that he had been in Canada all weekend and she, already heartbroken at the disappearance of her beloved pet, is additionally upset that no one will believe her, and so she runs away to look for Dodger. She is accosted by Shorty, who is furious about her teaching Dodger not to steal. Meanwhile, Jack ends up saying his first word, monkey, revealing to Amy, Peter, and Tom that there really is a monkey in the house and they all go out, along with Toms fellow police officers, to look for her. Dodger saves her and Shorty is arrested by Tom and his son, Mark, tries taking Dodger back, but fails. He ends up living with Eva, after she shows her mother that she is responsible, walsh The film received mixed reviews from critics. The film performed poorly at the box office and it debuted at number 3 at the American box office, dropping to seventh place the following week. Monkey Trouble at the Internet Movie Database Monkey Trouble at AllMovie Monkey Trouble at Box Office Mojo Monkey Trouble at Rotten Tomatoes
9.
Now and Then (film)
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The supporting cast features Hank Azaria, Janeane Garofalo, Cloris Leachman, and Bonnie Hunt, among many others. The plot follows four women who recount a pivotal summer they shared together as adolescents in 1970 and it was filmed largely in Savannah, Georgia, although called Shelby, Indiana in the movie, using the Gaslight Addition and Old Town Cemetery, highlighting the downtown area. Additional filming was done in Statesboro, Georgia in locations including the Bulloch County Court House, on July 18,2012, it was announced that ABC Family would develop the film into a television series by I. Marlene King, who wrote the film and adapted Pretty Little Liars, however, the project did not move past the development stage. In 1991, four friends reunite in their hometown of Shelby. Samantha Albertson, a writer, narrates the story. As an adolescent Samantha was considered the girl who liked performing seances and was interested in science. Roberta Martin, a doctor, was a tomboy whose mother died when she was four years old. Chrissy DeWitt, who lives in her home, is married. As a naïve youngster, she was sheltered by her mother. Tina Teeny Tercell is a successful Hollywood actress, as a child, Teeny and Samantha have not visited their hometown in ten years. The story flashes back to 1970 when the girls had two goals, saving money to buy a tree house and avoiding the Wormer brothers. One night, they sneak out to the cemetery to perform a seance, a cracked tombstone convinces them they have resurrected the spirit of a young boy identified only as Dear Johnny, who died in 1945 at the age of twelve. Intrigued, they search for information at the library but find nothing, later, while heading for the library in a nearby town, they spy the Wormer brothers skinny dipping in the lake. To retaliate for a prank the boys played on them, the steal the boys clothes. At the library, Roberta discovers an article about her mother being killed in a car accident, Samantha finds a story about Dear Johnny and his mother tragically dying, but a part is missing, leaving the cause of their deaths a mystery. The girls then visit a local psychic who determines he was murdered, Samantha goes home and unexpectedly meets Bud Kent, a man her newly-single mother invited to dinner. Upset, she storms out and flees to Teenys and they hang out in the tree house display at the store where Samantha confesses her parents are getting divorced
10.
Alaska (1996 film)
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Alaska is a 1996 action-adventure film that centers on two children who search through the Alaskan wilderness for their lost father. During their journey they find a bear that helps lead them to their father. However, a poacher with a desire to capture the bear follows close behind the kids, the movie was filmed primarily in the Purcell Mountains of British Columbia in Canada and the city of Vancouver. The film was a box office bomb, grossing only $11,829,959 over a $24,000,000 budget and it received negative reviews upon its release. Jake Barnes is flying a plane over the Alaskan wilderness, while he is flying, he is communicating with a man named Charlie, who works for Quincy Air Service. Jessie Barnes and her friend Chip observing wildlife in their kayaks before her dinner, jessies father Jake begins telling her where he is flying from, at what time he left that location, and his air speed. Jessie calculates that her father is passing Devils Thumb, Jake then lands his plane on a lake, where Charlie is waiting to tie the plane up to the dock. His son, Sean scolds his father for moving their family to Alaska, as Jake was making an emergency run, his planes engines stalls, causing him to lose control and crash in the Alaska winderness. Frustrated by the lack of effort by the police, Sean. As they kayak through the waters of the Gulf of Alaska. They soon realize that the shore is home to a poachers’ camp and they then discover a live polar bear that has been locked in a cage. They let the polar bear run free, hoping that it will save itself, after the bear leaves their camp Colin Perry appears, in hunt of the polar bear that he believes is rightfully his property. Koontz then arrives and notices teeth marks in the frying pan, colin’s beliefs that the children stole the bear from his camp are confirmed when he finds his missing lighter next to their camping gear. Perry orders the kids to tell the bear to “come home”, the next day, Jessie and Sean continue in their search to find their missing father. They leave their kayak and begin searching on foot and they soon discover that the polar bear has once again followed them in their journey. Perry and Koontz, too, have followed the youngsters and this time they destroy the oars in their kayak, just then Charlie arrives in a helicopter in search of Jessie and Sean. Perry shows Charlie a piece of the oar and tells him that he found it 25 miles north of their current position, Charlie then departs in his helicopter in hopes of finding the children, who he believes to be in grave danger. Jessie safely reaches the bottom, but Sean slips and tumbles down the mountain, the two then continue their journey and find a log cabin in the woods
11.
American Beauty (1999 film)
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American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball. Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham, a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughters best friend. Annette Bening co-stars as Lesters materialistic wife, Carolyn, and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter, Wes Bentley, Chris Cooper, and Allison Janney also feature. Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s and he shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage. After several years as a screenwriter, Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry. The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Balls frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms, producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks, the then-fledgling film studio bought Balls script for $250,000, outbidding several other production bodies. DreamWorks financed the $15 million production and served as its North American distributor, principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank, California, and on location in Los Angeles. Mendes dominant style was deliberate and composed, he made use of static shots and slow pans. Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events, during editing, Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script. Released in North America on September 17,1999, American Beauty was positively received by critics, reviewers praised most aspects of the production, with particular emphasis on Mendes, Spacey, and Ball, criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting. It was nominated for and won other awards and honors, mainly for the direction, writing. Lester Burnham is an advertising executive and magazine writer who despises his job. He is unhappily married to Carolyn, a neurotic yet fiercely ambitious real estate broker who grows red roses in their yard, their daughter, Jane. His job as a part-time bar caterer serves as a front for his secret marijuana dealings, Frank is a strict disciplinarian who previously sent Ricky to a military school and briefly committed him to a psychiatric hospital. Jim Olmeyer and Jim Berkley, a gay couple who live nearby, on the way to school, Frank reveals his homophobia while he angrily discusses the incident with Ricky. Lester becomes infatuated with Janes vain friend, Angela Hayes, after seeing her perform a dance routine at a high school basketball game with Jane. He starts having sexual fantasies about Angela, in red rose petals are a recurring motif. Carolyn begins an affair with her married business rival, Buddy Kane, when Lesters boss and efficiency expert, Brad, tells him that he is to be laid off, Lester instead blackmails him for $60,000 and quits his job
12.
Ghost World (film)
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Ghost World is a 2001 American black comedy film directed by Terry Zwigoff, based on the comic book of the same name by Daniel Clowes, with a screenplay co-written by Clowes and Zwigoff. The story focuses on the lives of Enid and Rebecca, two teenage outsiders in an unnamed American city, best friends Enid and Rebecca face the summer after their high school graduation. The girls are social outcasts, but Rebecca is more popular with boys than Enid, Enids diploma is withheld on the condition that she attend a remedial art class. Even though she is a talented artist, her art teacher, Roberta, believes that art must be socially meaningful, the girls see a personal ad in which a lonely, middle-aged man named Seymour asks a woman he met recently to contact him. Enid makes a phone call to Seymour, pretending to be the woman. The two girls and their friend, Josh, secretly watch Seymour at the diner and make fun of him, Enid soon begins to feel sympathy for Seymour, and they follow him to his apartment building. Later they find him selling vintage records in a garage sale, Enid buys an old blues album from him, and they become friends. She decides to try to find women for him to date, Enid presents the poster in class as a social comment about racism, and Roberta is so impressed with the concept that she offers Enid a scholarship to an art college. Seymour receives a call from Dana, the intended recipient of his personal ad. Enid encourages him to pursue a relationship with Dana, but she becomes jealous when he does so. Enid and Rebeccas lives start to diverge, while Enid has been spending time with Seymour, Rebecca has found a job at a coffee shop and has become more interested in clothing and boys. Enid also finds a job so she can afford to rent an apartment with Rebecca, the girls argue, and Rebecca abandons the idea of living with Enid. At the end of the summer, Enid and Seymours lives fall apart, when Enids poster is displayed in an art show, school officials find it so offensive they force Roberta to give her a failing grade and revoke the scholarship. Enid turns to Seymour for solace, resulting in a drunken one-night stand, Seymour breaks up with Dana, and is called to account at work when the Coon Chicken poster is publicized in a local newspaper. He unsuccessfully tries to contact Enid, only for Rebecca to tell him about Enids prank phone call, Seymour is upset and ends up in a violent confrontation with Josh, resulting in his being injured and hospitalized. Enid visits him in an effort to apologize, causing him to realize that he has no chance of any kind of future with her, Enid gives in to her childhood fantasy of running away from home and disappearing. She has seen an old man, Norman, continually waiting at a bus stop for a bus that will never come. Enid sits next to him, and Norman boards an out-of-service bus, the next day, while Seymour discusses the summers events with his therapist, Enid returns to the bus stop and boards the out-of-service bus when it arrives
13.
Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story
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Homeless to Harvard, The Liz Murray Story is an American TV film directed by Peter Levin. It was first released on April 7,2003 in the United States and this movie is adapted from Liz Murrays autobiography, Breaking Night. Thora Birch stars as Liz Murray, one of two daughters of an extremely dysfunctional Bronx family and her father watches Jeopardy. and knows all the answers. Their bathtub doesnt drain so she has to shower while standing on an overturned bucket and she is removed from the home and put into the care system as her father cannot take care of her. At 15 she moves in with her mother, sister and grandfather who sexually abused her mother and her aunt, after a run-in with her grandfather, she runs away with a girl from school who is being abused at home
14.
Petunia (film)
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Petunia is a 2012 comedy-drama film. It was co-written and directed by Ash Christian, thora Birch, who stars in the film, and her father Jack Birch, are credited as producers. The film relates simultaneously the lives and romantic/sexual relationships of the Petunias, the parents, Felicia and Percy, the film also features the wife of Michael, Vivian, and her cousin George. Reception for the film has generally been mixed, frank Scheck from The Hollywood Reporter weighs, in a lukewarm review, a wildly inconsistent plot against some marvelous moments and a terrific ensemble. Dennis Harvey in Variety compares the film to director Todd Solondzs works, Petunia at the Internet Movie Database
15.
Plan B Entertainment
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Plan B Entertainment Inc. more commonly known as Plan B, is an American film production company founded in November 2001 by Brad Pitt, Brad Grey, and Jennifer Aniston. In 2005, after Pitt and Aniston divorced, and Grey became the CEO of Paramount Pictures and it currently holds a release deal with Paramount Pictures, along with Warner Bros. 20th Century Fox, and Walt Disney Pictures. The president of the company was for years Dede Gardner, but she, three of the production companys movies, The Departed,12 Years a Slave, and Moonlight have won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Golden Boy Shines Behind the Scenes, Plan B Entertainment at the Internet Movie Database
16.
A24 (company)
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A24 is an American independent entertainment company founded on August 20,2012 by Daniel Katz, David Fenkel, and John Hodges and based in New York City. It specializes in production, finance, television production and distribution. Katz, Fenkel and Hodges prior to A24 worked in film and production, before leaving to pursue the company, moderately starting out in 2013 with A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III, the companys growth started with the release of Spring Breakers later that year. Their existence became well-known with Room, The Witch and Ex Machina and they entered into deals with DirecTV Cinema and Amazon Prime later in 2013, with some films distributed through them, and the name was shortened to A24 in 2016. As of February 2017, their films have been nominated for Academy Awards fourteen times, in 2016, A24s films won Academy Awards for Best Actress, Best Visual Effects, and Best Documentary Feature. A24s television division released The Carmichael Show, A24 was founded on August 20,2012 by film veterans Daniel Katz, David Fenkel, and John Hodges. Guggenheim Partners provided seed money for A24 to start up, the company was started for the founders to experience the companys movies from a distinctive point of view. In October 2012, Nicolette Aizenberg joined A24 as Head of Publicity, the company marked its first theatrical release with Roman Coppolas A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III, which had a limited release. Other 2013 theatrical releases included Sally Potters Ginger & Rosa, Harmony Korines Spring Breakers, Sofia Coppolas The Bling Ring, and James Ponsoldts The Spectacular Now. That same year, A24 entered a deal with Amazon Prime, the company also announced that they would also finance and develop pilots. In January 2016, Sasha Lloyd joined the company to all film, television distribution. The company, with cooperation from Bank of America, J. P. Morgan & Co. and SunTrust Banks, in June, the company – along with Oscilloscope and distributor Honora, joined BitTorrent Now to distribute the work of their portfolio across the ad-supported service. On January 2017, the acquired the United States and Chinese distribution rights for their first foreign language film. A month later, A24 also acquired North American rights to A Prayer Before Dawn, the logo was designed by creative agency GrandArmy. For the motion graphic, the animator was Adam Grabowski and the sound was designed by Felt, the graphic presents three geometric shapes in which two more appear and lines forming the logo, as it simultaneously disappears. The music conveying the animation is a guitar that highlights the animation. GrandArmy on Vimeo described the animation as this, The A24 logo is based on simple geometry – rectangles, triangles, the 2 joins these simple shapes with organic forms at the top and bottom, reminiscent of old Hollywood serif numerals. This animation builds the complex logo out of these raw deconstructed forms, an alternate version is available on Grabowskis Vimeo channel and website
17.
Deep Throat (film)
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Deep Throat is a 1972 American pornographic film that was at the forefront of the Golden Age of Porn. A sexually frustrated woman, Linda Lovelace, asks her friend Helen for advice on how to achieve an orgasm, after a sex party provides no help, Helen recommends that Linda visit a doctor. The doctor discovers that Lindas clitoris is located in her throat, and after he helps her to develop her oral sex skills, the infatuated Linda asks him to marry her. He informs her that she can settle for a job as his therapist, performing her particular oral technique—thereafter known as deep throat—on various men, meanwhile, the doctor documents her exploits while repeatedly having sex with his nurse. The movie ends with the line The End, and Deep Throat to you all. If you have to work hard at sexual freedom, maybe it isnt worth the effort. Al Goldstein wrote a review in his SCREW magazine, saying I was never so moved by any theatrical performance since stuttering through my own bar mitzvah. Deep Throat officially premiered at the World Theater in New York on June 12,1972 and was advertised in The New York Times under the bowdlerized title Throat. The films popularity helped launch a brief period of class interest in explicit pornography referred to by Ralph Blumenthal of The New York Times as porno chic. Several mainstream celebrities admitted to having seen Deep Throat, including Martin Scorsese, Brian De Palma, Truman Capote, Jack Nicholson, Johnny Carson, Spiro Agnew, barbara Walters mentions having seen the film in her autobiography, Audition, A Memoir. Jimmy McMillan considers it to be his favorite film, the scenes involving Linda Lovelace were shot in North Miami, Florida, over six days in January 1972. The interior scenes were shot at a hotel between 123rd and 124th Streets on Biscayne Boulevard, then known as the Voyager Inn, the building was subsequently converted to a dormitory for Johnson & Wales University. The scenes involving Carol Connors were shot in New York City, the movie was produced by Louis Butchie Peraino, who was listed in the credits as Lou Perry. Peraino was the owner of Plymouth Distributing, which he later renamed Arrow Film, the entire production cost of $22,500, and an additional $25,000 for music, was provided by Perainos father, Anthony Peraino, a made member of the Colombo crime family. Gerard Damiano, who had rights to one-third of the profits, was paid a lump sum of $25,000 once the film became popular and was forced out of the partnership. The film was distributed by a network of Mafia-connected associates of the Peraino family. Deep Throat grossed $1 million in its first seven weeks of release in 1972, the film made a then-record $3 million in its first six months of release and was still ranked among the top 10 highest-grossing films, as ranked by Variety Magazine,48 weeks after its release. Estimates of the total revenues have varied widely, numbers as high as $600 million have been cited
18.
History of the Jews in Germany
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Jewish settlers founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community in the Early and High Middle Ages. The community survived under Charlemagne, but suffered during the Crusades, accusations of well poisoning during the Black Death led to mass slaughter of German Jews, and they fled in large numbers to Poland. The Jewish communities of the cities of Mainz, Speyer, and this was a golden age as area bishops protected the Jews resulting in increased trade and prosperity. The First Crusade began an era of persecution of Jews in Germany, Entire communities, like those of Trier, Worms, Mainz, and Cologne, were murdered. The war upon the Hussite heretics became the signal for renewed persecution of Jews, the end of the 15th century was a period of religious hatred that ascribed to Jews all possible evils. The atrocities during the Khmelnytsky Uprising committed by Khmelnytskyis Cossacks drove the Polish Jews back into western Germany, with Napoleons fall in 1815, growing nationalism resulted in increasing repression. From August to October 1819, pogroms that came to be known as the Hep-Hep riots took place throughout Germany, during this time, many German states stripped Jews of their civil rights. As a result, many German Jews began to emigrate, from the time of Moses Mendelssohn until the 20th century, the community gradually achieved emancipation, and then prospered. In January 1933, some 522,000 Jews lived in Germany, however, following the growth of Nazism and its antisemitic ideology and policies, the Jewish community was severely persecuted. Over half emigrated during the first six years of the Nazi dictatorship, in 1933, persecution of the Jews became an active Nazi policy. In 1935 and 1936, the pace of persecution of the Jews increased, in 1936, Jews were banned from all professional jobs, effectively preventing them from exerting any influence in education, politics, higher education, and industry. The SS ordered the Night of Broken Glass to be carried out the night of November 9–10,1938, the storefronts of Jewish shops and offices were smashed and vandalized, and many synagogues were destroyed by fire. Increasing antisemitism prompted a wave of a Jewish mass emigration from Germany throughout the 1930s, only roughly 214,000 Jews were left in Germany proper on the eve of World War II. Beginning in late 1941, the community was subjected to systematic deportations to ghettos. In May 1943, Germany was declared judenrein, by the end of the war, an estimated 160,000 to 180,000 German Jews had been killed under the Nazi regime, by the Germans and their collaborators. A total of about 6 million European Jews were murdered under the direction of the Nazis, after the war, the Jewish community in Germany started to slowly grow again. Currently in Germany, denial of the Holocaust or that six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust is a criminal act, violations can be punished with up to five years of prison. In 2007, the Interior Minister of Germany, Wolfgang Schäuble, pointed out the policy of Germany, We will not tolerate any form of extremism, xenophobia
19.
Nordic countries
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The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden. They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, the population of the Nordic countries are mainly Scandinavian or Finnish, with Greenlandic Inuit and the Sami people as minorities. Of todays native languages, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, the non-Germanic languages spoken are Finnish, Greenlandic and several Sami languages. The main religion is Lutheran Christianity, the Nordic countries have much in common in their way of life, history, their use of Scandinavian languages and social structure. Politically, Nordic countries do not form an entity. Especially in English, Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries, Scandinavian Peninsula on the other hand covers mainland Norway and Sweden as well as the northernmost part of Finland. At 3,425,804 square kilometers, the area of the Nordic countries would form the 7th-largest country in the world. Uninhabitable icecaps and glaciers comprise about half of area, mostly in Greenland. In January 2013, the region had a population of around 26 million people, the Nordic countries cluster near the top in numerous metrics of national performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. Although the area is linguistically heterogeneous, with three unrelated groups, the common linguistic heritage is one of the factors making up the Nordic identity. The North Germanic languages Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are considered mutually intelligible and these languages are taught in school throughout the Nordic countries. Swedish, for example, is a subject in Finnish schools. Danish is mandatory in Faroese and Greenlandic schools, as these states are a part of the Danish Realm. Iceland also teaches Danish, since Iceland too was a part of the Danish Realm until 1918, there is a high degree of income redistribution and little social unrest. The Nordic countries consists of historical territories of the Scandinavian countries, areas that share a common history and it is meant unambiguously to refer to this larger group, since the term Scandinavia is narrower and sometimes ambiguous. The Nordic countries are considered to unambiguously refer to Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The term is derived indirectly from the local term Norden, used in the Scandinavian languages, unlike the Nordic countries, the term Norden is in the singular. The demonym is nordbo, literally meaning northern dweller, especially outside of the Nordic region the term Scandinavia is often used incorrectly as a synonym for the Nordic countries
20.
French Canadians
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French Canadians are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French-speaking population in Canada, today, French Canadians live across North America. The province of Quebec has the largest population of French-Canadian descent, though smaller communities exist throughout Canada, between 1840 and 1930, roughly 900,000 French Canadians emigrated to the United States, mostly to the New England region. Other terms for French Canadians who continue to reside in the province of Quebec, are Quebecers or Québécois, the other major group of French Canadians are the Acadians who reside in the Maritime Provinces. In total, those who identify as French Canadian, French, Québécois, the French Canadians get their name from Canada, the most developed and densely populated region of New France during the period of French colonization in the 17th and 18th century. The original use of the term Canada referred to the area along the St. From 1535 to the 1690s, the French word Canadien had referred to the First Nations the French had encountered in the St. Lawrence River valley at Stadacona, at the end of the 17th century, Canadien became an ethnonym distinguishing the inhabitants of Canada from those of France. French Canadians living in Canada express their identity using a number of terms. The Ethnic Diversity Survey of the 2006 Canadian census found that French-speaking Canadians identified their ethnicity most often as French, French Canadians, Québécois, the latter three were grouped together by Jantzen as French New World ancestries because they originate in Canada. Canadien was used to refer to the French-speaking residents of New France beginning in the last half of the 17th century, the English-speaking residents who arrived later from Great Britain were called Anglais. This usage continued until Canadian Confederation in 1867 and those reporting French New World ancestries overwhelmingly had ancestors that went back at least four generations in Canada. Fourth generation Canadiens and Québécois showed considerable attachment to their group, with 70% and 61%, respectively. The generational profile and strength of identity of French New World ancestries contrast with those of British or Canadian ancestries, which represent the largest ethnic identities in Canada. As a result, their identification with their ethnicity is weaker, for example, only 50% of third generation Canadians strongly identify as such, bringing down the overall average. The survey report notes that 80% of Canadians whose families had been in Canada for three or more generations reported Canadian and provincial or regional ethnic identities and these identities include French New World ancestries such as Québécois, Acadian. Since the 1960s, French Canadians in Quebec have generally used Québécois or Québécoise to express their cultural and national identity, rather than Canadien français, francophones who self-identify as Québécois and do not have French-Canadian ancestry may not identify as French Canadian. Those who do have French or French-Canadian ancestry, but who support Quebec sovereignty and this is a reflection of the strong social, cultural, and political ties that most Quebeckers of French-Canadian origin, who constitute a majority of francophone Quebecers, maintain within Quebec. French Canadians outside Quebec are more likely to self-identify as French Canadian, identification with provincial groupings varies from province to province, with Franco-Ontarians, for example, using their provincial label far more frequently than Franco-Columbians do
21.
Italians
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Italians are a nation and ethnic group native to Italy who share a common culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a native tongue. The majority of Italian nationals are speakers of Standard Italian. Italians have greatly influenced and contributed to the arts and music, science, technology, cuisine, sports, fashion, jurisprudence, banking, Italian people are generally known for their localism and their attention to clothing and family values. The term Italian is at least 3,000 years old and has a history that goes back to pre-Roman Italy. According to one of the common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The Etruscan civilization reached its peak about the 7th century BC, but by 509 BC, when the Romans overthrew their Etruscan monarchs, its control in Italy was on the wane. By 350 BC, after a series of wars between Greeks and Etruscans, the Latins, with Rome as their capital, gained the ascendancy by 272 BC, and they managed to unite the entire Italian peninsula. This period of unification was followed by one of conquest in the Mediterranean, in the course of the century-long struggle against Carthage, the Romans conquered Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Finally, in 146 BC, at the conclusion of the Third Punic War, with Carthage completely destroyed and its inhabitants enslaved, octavian, the final victor, was accorded the title of Augustus by the Senate and thereby became the first Roman emperor. After two centuries of rule, in the 3rd century AD, Rome was threatened by internal discord and menaced by Germanic and Asian invaders. Emperor Diocletians administrative division of the empire into two parts in 285 provided only temporary relief, it became permanent in 395, in 313, Emperor Constantine accepted Christianity, and churches thereafter rose throughout the empire. However, he moved his capital from Rome to Constantinople. The last Western emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed in 476 by a Germanic foederati general in Italy and his defeat marked the end of the western part of the Roman Empire. During most of the period from the fall of Rome until the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861, Odoacer ruled well for 13 years after gaining control of Italy in 476. Then he was attacked and defeated by Theodoric, the king of another Germanic tribe, Theodoric and Odoacer ruled jointly until 493, when Theodoric murdered Odoacer. Theodoric continued to rule Italy with an army of Ostrogoths and a government that was mostly Italian, after the death of Theodoric in 526, the kingdom began to grow weak
22.
Thor
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In Norse mythology, Thor is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning, storms, oak trees, strength, the protection of mankind, and also hallowing and fertility. The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar, into the modern period, Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions. Thor is frequently referred to in place names, the day of the week Thursday bears his name, in Norse mythology, largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia, numerous tales and information about Thor are provided. With Sif, Thor fathered the goddess Þrúðr, with Járnsaxa, he fathered Magni, with a mother whose name is not recorded, he fathered Móði, and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr. The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the earth, Jörð. Thor has two servants, Þjálfi and Röskva, rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats, Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr, and is ascribed three dwellings. Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer, Mjölnir, wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr, Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture. Like other Germanic deities, veneration of Thor is revived in the period in Heathenry. The name of the god is the origin of the weekday name Thursday, by employing a practice known as interpretatio germanica during the Roman Empire period, the Germanic peoples adopted the Roman weekly calendar, and replaced the names of Roman gods with their own. Latin dies Iovis was converted into Proto-Germanic *Þonares dagaz, from which stems modern English Thursday, beginning in the Viking Age, personal names containing the theonym Thórr are recorded with great frequency. Prior to the Viking Age, no examples are recorded, thórr-based names may have flourished during the Viking Age as a defiant response to attempts at Christianization, similar to the wide scale Viking Age practice of wearing Thors hammer pendants. They regard it as a duty to offer to him, on fixed days. Hercules and Mars they appease by animal offerings of the permitted kind, in this instance, Tacitus refers to the god Odin as Mercury, Thor as Hercules, and the god Týr as Mars, and the identity of the Isis of the Suebi has been debated. In Thors case, the identification with the god Hercules is likely at least in part due to similarities between Thors hammer and Hercules club. In his Annals, Tacitus again refers to the veneration of Hercules by the Germanic peoples, Donar, the southern Germanic form of the gods name. According to an account, the Christian missionary Saint Boniface felled an oak tree dedicated to Jove in the 8th century. Around the second half of the 8th century, Old English mentions of a figure named Thunor are recorded, gabriel Turville-Petre saw this as an invented origin for the placename demonstrating loss of memory that Thunor had been a gods name. Adam details that Thor, they reckon, rules the sky, he governs thunder and lightning, winds and storms, fine weather and fertility and that Thor, with his mace, looks like Jupiter
23.
Burger King
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Burger King is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. Headquartered in the area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as InstaBurger King. After Insta-Burger King ran into difficulties in 1954, its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. In late 2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company, the new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes. The 1970s were the Golden Age of the advertising, but beginning in the early-1980s. A series of less successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising agencies continued for the two decades. While highly successful, some of CP+Bs commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural insensitivity, Burger Kings menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers, French fries, sodas, and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products. In 1957, the Whopper became the first major addition to the menu, conversely, BK has introduced many products, which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some of these failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets, from 2002 to 2010, Burger King aggressively targeted the 18–34 male demographic with larger products that often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats. This tactic would eventually damage the financial underpinnings, and cast a negative pall on its earnings. As of December 31,2016, Burger King reported it had 15,738 outlets in 100 countries. Of these,47. 5% are in the United States and 99. 5% are privately owned and operated, BK has historically used several variations of franchising to expand its operations. Burger Kings relationship with its franchises has not always been harmonious, occasional spats between the two have caused numerous issues, and in several instances, the companys and its licensees relations have degenerated into precedent-setting court cases. Burger Kings Australian franchise Hungry Jacks is the franchise to operate under a different name, due to a trademark dispute. The predecessor to Burger King was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, Florida and their production model was based on one of the machines they had acquired, an oven called the Insta-Broiler. This strategy proved to be so successful that later required all of their franchises to use the device. After the company faltered in 1959, it was purchased by its Miami, Florida, franchisees, James McLamore and they initiated a corporate restructuring of the chain, first renaming the company Burger King. They ran the company as an independent entity for eight years, pillsburys management tried several times to restructure Burger King during the late 1970s and the early 1980s
24.
California Raisins
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The California Raisins were a fictional rhythm and blues animated musical group as well as advertising and merchandising characters composed of anthropomorphized raisins. Lead vocals were sung by musician Buddy Miles, the California Raisins concept experienced high popularity in the mid-to-late 1980s principally through claymation TV commercials and animated specials, winning an Emmy Award and one nomination. The commercials were produced by Vinton Studios using their claymation technique, the following year, the Raisins appeared in the Emmy Award-winning A Claymation Christmas Celebration, singing the Christmas carol, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. The California Raisins released four albums on Priority Records between 1987 and 1988, and their signature song, I Heard It Through the Grapevine. However, the Raisins would continue to make their strongest impression through animated endeavors, the campaign was so popular, The California Raisins were the official mascots of Post Raisin Bran, appearing in commercials and on packaging. On November 4,1988, CBS aired a special entitled Meet the Raisins. The musical mockumentary was created by Vinton Studios and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. It also provided the band members more personality and individual names, A. C. Beebop, Stretch, a Saturday morning cartoon series, The California Raisin Show, debuted the following year but lasted merely 13 episodes. While cel animated by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson, it maintained Will Vintons creative direction, a sequel to the original CBS special aired in 1990 under the title Raisins, Sold Out. This special saw the Raisins hiring a new manager with the goal of making a comeback, many of the items created for the campaign have become part of the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Merchandise sales included toys and Raisins images on every conceivable medium, lunch boxes, notebooks, clothing, posters, bedsheets. A California Raisins Fan Club began in 1987 which included a Grapevine Gazette Newsletter, several California Raisins music albums were also released, featuring classic Motown and rock standards. Perhaps the most memorable piece of California Raisins merchandise, however, came in the form of small, the Hardees restaurant chain offered these as part of a promotion for their Cinnamon N Raisin biscuits. Different collections were produced in 1987,1988,1991, and this latest incarnation can still be seen on the California Raisin Marketing Board website. The game was completed and several video game critics reviewed it, although popular with the public, the California Raisin campaign eventually failed because its production cost the raisin growers almost twice their earnings. CALRAB, the organization who made the campaign, was closed on July 31,1994 due to disagreements with raisin producers over the fairness of required payments to the organization. On March 28,1997 Entertainment Weekly published The 50 Best Commercials of All Time as its cover story, the vast amount of California Raisins merchandise has made for a substantial collectors market. It even led to an unauthorized collectibles guide published in 1998, in 2002, the Food Network program Unwrapped featured a segment on The California Raisins featuring interviews with Will Vinton, David Altschul, and Mark Gustafson of Vinton Studios
25.
Quaker Oats Company
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The Quaker Oats Company, known as Quaker, is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago. It has been owned by PepsiCo since 2001 and he held the key positions of general manager, president and chairman of the company from 1888 until late 1943. He was called the cereal tycoon and he donated more than 70% of his wealth to the Crowell Trust. American Oats and Barley Oatmeal Corporation, formally known as Good For Breakfast instant oatmeal mix. The company expanded into areas, including other breakfast cereals and other food and drink products. Quaker Oats in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, was photographed during the 1930s by Theodor Horydczak, who documented the building, operations, and factory workers at the plant. During the World War II the company, through its subsidiary, the Q. O. Ordnance Company, operated the Cornhusker Ordnance Plant, in 1968, a plant was built in Danville, Illinois. In 1969, Quaker acquired Fisher-Price, a toy company and spun it off in 1991, in 1982 Quaker Oats formed US Games, a company that created games for the Atari 2600. It went out of business one year. That same year, Quaker Oats acquired Florida-based orange juice plant Ardmore Farms, in 1983, Quaker bought Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. makers of Van Camps and Gatorade. Quaker bought Snapple for $1.7 billion in 1994 and sold it to Triarc in 1997 for $300 million, Triarc sold it to Cadbury Schweppes for $1.45 billion in September 2000. It was spun off in May 2008 to its current owners, in 1996, Quaker spun off its frozen food business, selling it to Aurora Foods. In August 2001, Quaker was bought out by Pepsico because Pepsi wanted to add Gatorade to its arsenal of beverages, the merger created the fourth-largest consumer goods company in the world. The major Canadian production facility for Quaker Oats is located in Peterborough, the factory was first established as the American Cereal Company in 1902 on the shores of the Otonabee River during that citys period of industrialization. On 11 December 1916, the all but completely burned to the ground. When the smoke had settled,23 people had died and Quaker was left with $2,000,000 in damages, Quaker went on to rebuild the facility incorporating the few areas of the structure that were not destroyed by fire. When PepsiCo purchased Quaker Oats in 2001, many brands were consolidated from facilities around Canada to the Peterborough location—which assumed the new QTG moniker, products are easily identified by the manufactured by address on the packaging. The Peterborough facility exports to the majority of Canada and limited portions of the United States, the Quaker plant sells cereal production byproducts to companies that use them to create fire logs, pellets and janks
26.
Vlasic Pickles
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Vlasic Pickles is an American brand of pickles currently owned by Pinnacle Foods. Since its introduction in 1942, it has one of the most popular pickle brands in the United States. Frank Vlasic immigrated from Croatia to Detroit in 1912 and started a small creamery with savings from his factory job and his son Joseph acquired a milk route in 1922, which eventually grew into the states largest dairy distributor. In 1937, Vlasic was approached to distribute a home-style pickle, the business rapidly expanded in the post-war years, corresponding with growth in per capita pickle consumption. A child-bearing stork was introduced as a mascot in 1974, merging the stork baby mythology with the notion that pregnant women have an above average appetite for pickles, Vlasic marketed themselves as the pickle pregnant women crave. after all, whos a better pickle expert. The modern Vlasic Pickle Stork speaks in a reminiscent of Groucho Marx, holds a pickle like a cigar. Vlasic Pickles was sold to Campbell Soup Company in 1978, the product was spun off to Vlasic Foods International on March 30,1998. Today, Vlasic is owned by Pinnacle Foods since its change in 2001. The Vlasic stork was shown in Icons, a MasterCard commercial from 2005 where many famous advertising icons from food, the cucumbers used in Vlasic pickles are grown in Michigan, including the cities of Mount Pleasant and Kalamazoo, and processed at its plant in Imlay City. Vlasic Pickle website Doug Preis The Wal-Mart You Dont Know, Charles Fishman, Fast Company, Dec 1,2003
27.
Doogie Howser, M.D.
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Doogie Howser, M. D. is an American comedy-drama television series that ran for four seasons on ABC from September 19,1989, to March 24,1993, totaling 97 episodes. Created by Steven Bochco and David E. Kelley, it stars Neil Patrick Harris in the role as a teenage physician who also faces the problems of being a normal teenager. Dr. Douglas Doogie Howser is the son of David and Katherine Howser, as a child, he twice survived early-stage pediatric leukemia after his father—a family physician—discovered suspicious bruising. The experience contributed to the younger Howsers desire to enter medicine, possessing a genius intellect and an eidetic memory, Howser participates in a longitudinal study of child prodigies until his 18th birthday. At age 14, Howser was the youngest licensed doctor in the country, as a newspaper article stated, he cant buy beer. The series begins on Howsers 16th birthday, the open of the pilot episode shows him stopping his field test for his drivers license to help an injured person at the scene of a traffic accident. Howser is a second year resident surgeon at Eastman Medical Center in Los Angeles and his best friend and neighbor, Vinnie Delpino, is a more typical teenager—climbing through Howsers bedroom window to visit—and connects him to life outside of medicine. Howser has kept a diary on his computer since 1979, episodes end with him making an entry in it. Howser seeks acceptance by both others his age and his professional colleagues, Howser initially has a girlfriend, Wanda Plenn, but they break up after she leaves for college, he also begins a trauma surgery fellowship and moves into his own apartment. Bochco intended to end the show with a story arc for Doogie where he becomes disaffected with the practice of medicine. The weekly, half-hour dramedy was created by Steven Bochco and he originated the concept and asked David E. Kelley to help write the pilot, giving Kelley a created by credit. Harris was the first actor the shows staff had found that could play a teenage doctor. Bochcos contract required that the network pay a penalty if it canceled the project. The network still opposed Harriss casting and disliked the pilot, but after positive reception during test screenings, Neil Patrick Harris as Dr. Douglas Doogie Howser, the shows protagonist. Max Casella as Vincent Vinnie Salvatore Delpino, Howsers best friend since they were five years old, a typical girl-crazy teenager, Delpino resists his fathers demands to join the family business and instead attends film school to pursue a career as a film director. Sikking as Dr. David Howser, Doogie Howsers father, the Vietnam War MASH veteran has a family practice. Belinda Montgomery as Katherine Howser, Doogie Howsers mother, originally a housewife, she later returns to work as a patient advocate at her sons hospital. Lisa Dean Ryan as Wanda Plenn, Delpinos high-school classmate and Howsers girlfriend, after her mother dies in an automobile accident Plenns relationship with Howser suffers, and after she leaves for the School of the Art Institute of Chicago they end their relationship
28.
Day by Day (TV series)
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Day by Day is an American television sitcom aired on NBC. The series ran from February 29,1988 to June 25,1989 and it stars Douglas Sheehan, Linda Kelsey, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Courtney Thorne-Smith, and Thora Birch in her television debut role. The show centers on Brian and Kate Harper, a couple with two successful careers and a teenage son named Ross. With that thought in mind, they decided to open a center in their home. The episodes mixed stories about the center with those about Ross. At first, Ross wasnt too enthusiastic about the idea of his father and mother being at all the time, because he loved his independence. He was more than a bit put out all the bonding his dad wanted to do now. Louis-Dreyfus played Eileen Swift, their materialistic next-door neighbor who was once a business associate of Brians. She didnt much like the idea of the Harpers running a day care center, Eileen, who was single and childless, was prone to make some very sarcastic quips about the childrens activities, but Brian and Kate didnt let it bother them. Thorne-Smith played the babys nanny Kristin, who worked in the daycare center. Kristin was perhaps the reason that Ross relented about his parents running the day care center, Day by Day was connected to another NBC series, Family Ties. The family patriarch, Brian Harper was a roommate of Steven Keaton. A total of 33 episodes were produced, the episode titled A Very Brady Episode aired on February 5,1989, and reunited six cast members from The Brady Bunch – Ann B. Davis, Florence Henderson, Christopher Knight, Mike Lookinland, Maureen McCormick, in this episode, Ross is lectured by Brian and Kate about his poor study habits. Rosss explanation that he was watching a Brady Bunch marathon only angers his parents more, Ross bemoans his predicament, noting Mike Brady would never yell at him because he had flagging grades. Ross falls asleep, and finds himself in the credits of The Brady Bunch. Ross learns that he is the Bradys long-lost son, Chuck, Chuck wonders whats amiss, and Mike explains what hes seeing is a rerun. Everything becomes chaotic and Ross wakes up, vowing to improve his study habits, Christopher Daniel Barnes would later portray Greg Brady in The Brady Bunch Movie and A Very Brady Sequel
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NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
30.
Parenthood (film)
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The film was directed by Ron Howard, who assisted in developing the story with screenwriters Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel. Much of it is based on the family and parenting experiences of Howard, Ganz, Mandel, and producer Brian Grazer, principal photography was filmed in and around Orlando, Florida with some scenes filmed at the University of Florida. It was nominated for two Academy Awards, Dianne Wiest for Best Supporting Actress and Randy Newman for Best Song for I Love to See You Smile, the film was adapted into a NBC television series on two separate occasions, in 1990 and again in 2010. While the first series was cancelled after one season, the series ran for six seasons. Gil Buckman, a sales executive, is trying to balance his family. When his wife, Karen, becomes pregnant with their fourth child, Gil is also frustrated and fearful that the financial burdens of another child and office politics at work are turning him into the detached workaholic he despised his own father, Frank, for being. Humbled by family and work issues, Gil opens up to Frank about his doubts as a parent, Frank tells him that he worries too much, and the two have a reconciliation of sorts with Frank telling Gil that worry for ones children never ends. When a hired cowboy character fails to show up at his sons party, Gil dresses as a cowboy himself. His sister, Helen, is a bank manager whose ex-husband wants nothing to do with their children, Garry. Garry, who has just entered puberty, is quiet, withdrawn, at first Helen worries that the bag contains drugs or alcohol, but it actually contains pornography. Julie is still in school, but is not interested in her education. She and her boyfriend, Tod, get married, Julie becomes pregnant, when Helen asks Tod to talk with Garry, Tod is able to reassure Garry that his obsession with girls and sex is normal for a boy his age, something that is a relief to Garry. This also increases Helens respect for Tod, eventually she supports Tod and her daughters relationship to the extent that when Julie wants to break up with him, Helen orders her to face her fears and to support him. Gils other sister, Susan, is a school teacher married to a scientist. They have a daughter, Patty. Susan wants more children, but Nathan is more interested in their daughters cognitive development, Susan lashes out by compromising her diaphragm as a plan to get pregnant against Nathans wishes. She eventually gets so frustrated that she leaves him, Nathan eventually comes to one of her classes and serenades her to win her back, promising her he will try to change. Susan agrees to back home
31.
Paradise (1991 film)
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Paradise is a 1991 drama film written and directed by Mary Agnes Donoghue. The original music score is composed by David Newman, melanie Griffith and Don Johnson play Lily and Ben Reed, a young couple torn apart by a family tragedy. It would take a miracle to rekindle their love and a miracle arrives in the form of a summer guest - Willard Young and it is a remake of the French film Le Grand Chemin by Jean-Loup Hubert. Willard Young is a 10-year-old boy who is sent by his mother to stay with her best friend Lily Reed, Lily and her husband Ben have been living in an unmentioned emotional vacuum since the death of their own three-year-old boy. Willie makes friends with the local 9-year-old tomboy Billie Pike, who teaches him to be comfortable with himself, when Willard gains a handle on his own emotions, he can now help Lily and Ben to connect, overcome grief and rediscover themselves. Paradise at the Internet Movie Database Paradise at AllMovie Paradise at Box Office Mojo Paradise at Rotten Tomatoes
32.
Don Johnson
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Donnie Wayne Don Johnson is an American actor, producer, director, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for his role as James Sonny Crockett in the 1980s television series Miami Vice, Johnson was born December 15,1949, in Flat Creek, Missouri. His mother, Nell, was a beautician, and his father, at the time of his birth, they were 19 and 17, respectively. At age 6, he moved from Missouri to Wichita, Kansas, a 1967 graduate of South High School, he was involved in the high schools theatre program. As a senior, he played the role of Tony in West Side Story. His biography noted that he had appeared in Burnt Cork and Melody. He also attended the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, Johnson has spoken about his draft-exempt status and his dislike for war. Johnson studied drama at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco and his first major role was in the 1969 Los Angeles stage production of Fortune and Mens Eyes, in which he played Smitty, the lead role. This exposure led to the quickly forgotten film The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart and he continued to work on stage, film and television without breaking out into stardom. His notable films from this period were Zachariah, The Harrad Experiment, Lollipop and Roses, in 1976, Johnson was roommates with actor Sal Mineo when Mineo was murdered outside their West Hollywood, California apartment. Miami Vice was noted for its use of music cinematography and imagery. In the show, his partner was Ricardo Tubbs, played by Philip Michael Thomas, between seasons, Johnson gained further renown through several TV miniseries, such as the 1985 TV remake of The Long, Hot Summer. Johnson later starred in the 1996–2001 drama Nash Bridges with Cheech Marin, Jeff Perry, Jaime P. Gomez, Johnson played the title role of Nash Bridges, an inspector for the San Francisco Police Department. In Nash Bridges Johnson was again paired with a convertible car. In January 2007, Johnson began a run in the West End of London production of Guys, Johnson also has a role in the Norwegian comedy Lange Flate Ballær 2, directed by Johnsons friend Harald Zwart. Johnson did the movie as a favour to Zwart, the movie was launched March 14,2008 in Norway, with Johnson making an appearance at the premiere. He next appeared in When in Rome with Danny DeVito, Anjelica Huston, Johnson and Jon Heder co-hosted WWEs Raw on January 18,2010. Johnson had a role in Robert Rodriguezs film Machete
33.
Melanie Griffith
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Melanie Richards Griffith is an American actress. Griffith began her career as an adolescent in nonspeaking film roles before making her debut opposite Gene Hackman in Arthur Penns Night Moves. She rose to prominence for her role in Brian De Palmas Body Double, other roles include in John Schlesingers Pacific Heights, Milk Money, the neo-noir film Mulholland Falls, as Charlotte Haze in Adrian Lynes Lolita, and Another Day in Paradise. She later starred as Barbara Marx in The Night We Called It a Day, and has appeared on the television series Nip/Tuck, Raising Hope, and Hawaii Five-0. After acting on stage in London, in 2003 she made her Broadway debut in a revival of the musical Chicago, Griffith was born in New York City to actress Tippi Hedren and Peter Griffith, a former child stage actor and advertising executive. She is of Swedish, Norwegian, German, and English descent and her mother married agent and producer Noel Marshall. During her childhood and adolescent years, she lived part of the time in New York with her father and part-time in Antelope Valley, California, Griffith appeared in advertisements and briefly worked as a child model before abandoning the career, citing extreme shyness as the reason. While attending the Hollywood Professional School, Griffith was advanced in her studies, Griffith began acting at nine months of age in a commercial and later appeared as an extra in Smith. Her first major role was in Arthur Penns Night Moves, in which she did several racy nude scenes at the age of 17 and this drew attention to her and typecast her as a nymphet in films such as Smile, The Drowning Pool, and One on One. She was cast as Melanie, the daughter of her real mother, Tippi Hedren, in the film Roar. During the filming she was attacked by a lion and had 50 stitches to her face, it was feared she would lose an eye but in the end the wound was not disfiguring. She then appeared in the made-for-television movie Shes in the Army Now with Jamie Lee Curtis and Steven Bauer, whom she married shortly after the film premiered. Griffiths well-known drug and alcohol addictions stalled her career, but she made a comeback at age 26 with her role as an actress in the Brian De Palma thriller Body Double. The film, although a failure, earned her the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress. It led to her first starring role in Jonathan Demmes Something Wild, Griffith also starred in the science fiction film Cherry 2000, which went straight to video in 1988 but has also become a cult favorite. Griffiths performance was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, Griffiths next major role was opposite Matthew Modine in the urban thriller Pacific Heights. Griffith received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the successful TV movie Buffalo Girls, in 1998 she appeared in Woody Allens Celebrity which featured an all-star cast. Later that year, she starred as a heroin user in the independent film Another Day in Paradise
34.
Elijah Wood
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Elijah Jordan Wood is an American actor, voice actor, DJ, and producer. He made his debut with a minor part in Back to the Future Part II. Landing a succession of roles, he was critically acclaimed as a child actor by age nine. As a child, he starred in the films Radio Flyer, The Good Son, North and he began to take on teenage roles in the films The Ice Storm, Deep Impact and The Faculty. He is best known for his leading role as Frodo Baggins in Peter Jacksons epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings. Since then, he has chosen varied roles in such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Sin City, Green Street, Everything Is Illuminated. Wood provided the voice of Mumble in the animated musical films Happy Feet and Happy Feet Two. In 2005, he started his own label, Simian Records. He did the voice acting for Spyro in the Legend of Spyro trilogy, from 2011-14, Wood played the role of Ryan Newman in FXs dark comedy, Wilfred. As of late autumn 2016, he co-stars in the BBC America series Dirk Gentlys Holistic Detective Agency, Wood was born on January 28,1981 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, the second of three children. His parents, Debbie and Warren Wood, operated a delicatessen, Wood is of Austrian, Danish, English, German, and Polish descent. He has a brother, Zachariah, who is a video game producer at Sony, and a younger sister, Hannah. At age seven, Wood began modeling in his hometown and took piano lessons, in elementary school, he appeared in The Sound of Music, followed by the title character in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. He also served as boy in a Marion Creative Council production of See How They Run. In 1989, his parents sold their delicatessen and the family–without his father–moved to Los Angeles for Wood to pursue an acting career and his parents divorced when he was 15. Wood modeled and did local commercials and he got his first break in the video for Paula Abduls Forever Your Girl, directed by David Fincher. This was followed by a role in the TV film, Child in the Night. Playing Aidan Quinns son in Avalon and Tin Men garnered professional attention for Wood, a small part in Richard Geres Internal Affairs, was followed by the role of a boy who brings estranged couple Melanie Griffith and Don Johnson back together in Paradise
35.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
36.
Child actor
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Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor, an actor who reached popularity as a teenager. Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, in the United States, the activities of child actors are regulated by the governing labor union, if any, and state and federal laws. Some projects film in remote locations specifically to evade regulations intended to protect the child, longer work hours or risky stunts prohibited in California, for example, might be permitted to a project filming in British Columbia. US federal law specifically exempted minors working the Entertainment Business from all provisions of the Child Labor Laws, any regulation of child actors is governed by disparate state law. Due to the presence of the entertainment industry in California. Being a minor, an actor must secure an entertainment work permit before accepting any paid performing work. The child does his/her schoolwork under the supervision of a teacher while on the set. Many child actors never got to see the money they earned because they were not in charge of this money, jackie Coogan earned millions of dollars from working as a child actor only to see most of it squandered by his parents. In 1939, California weighed in on this controversy and enacted the Coogan Law which requires a portion of the earnings of a child to be preserved in a savings account called a blocked trust. Some people also criticize the parents of actors for allowing their children to work. The child actor may experience unique and negative pressures when working under tight production schedules, large projects which depend for their success on the ability of the child to deliver an effective performance add to the pressure. Many actors careers are short-lived and this is true of child actors. Peter Ostrum, for example, is now a successful large-animal veterinarian after a starring role in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, shirley Temple became a public figure and diplomat. Jenny Lewis, formerly of Troop Beverly Hills, is a indie rock musician. In Poland, child actor identical twin brothers Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński became very successful politicians, at one time Lech being President, there are child actors who have achieved successful thespian careers into adulthood. V. In many cases, the failure to retain stardom and success and exposure at a young age has caused many child actors to lead adult lives plagued by troubles, bankruptcy. Examples include the cast members of the American sitcom Diffrent Strokes, which starred child actors Todd Bridges, Gary Coleman, Plato went on to pose for Playboy magazine and was featured in several softcore pornography films. She was arrested twice for armed robbery and forging prescriptions, and died in May 1999 from an overdose of prescription medication, Coleman famously sued his parents for misuse of his trust fund and, although awarded over $1,000,000, filed for bankruptcy in 1999
37.
Romantic comedy film
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Romantic comedy films are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as that true love is able to surmount most obstacles. One dictionary definition is a movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily. Another definition states that its primary distinguishing feature is a plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled. Romantic comedy films are a genre of comedy films as well as of romance films. However a romantic comedy is classified as a film with two genres not a new genre. Some television series can also be classified as romantic comedies, a wedding-bells, fairy-tale-style happy ending is practically mandatory. The basic plot of a comedy is that two characters meet, part ways due to an argument or other obstacle, then ultimately reunite. Sometimes the two meet and become involved initially, then must confront challenges to their union. Sometimes they are hesitant to become involved because they believe that they do not like each other, because one of them already has a partner. However, the screenwriters leave clues that suggest that the characters are, in fact, attracted to each other, the protagonists often separate or seek time apart to sort out their feelings or deal with the external obstacles to their being together. While the two protagonists are separated, one or both of them realizes that they are ideal for each other, or that they are in love with each other. Then, after one of the two makes some effort to find the other person and declare their love, or through an astonishing coincidental encounter. Then, perhaps with some comic friction or awkwardness, they declare their love for each other, the couple does not, however, have to marry, or live together happily ever after. The ending of a comedy is meant to affirm the primary importance of the love relationship in its protagonists lives. There are many variations on this basic plotline, sometimes, instead of the two lead characters ending up in each others arms, another love match will be made between one of the principal characters and a secondary character. Alternatively, the film may be a rumination on the impossibility of love, the basic format of a romantic comedy film can be found in much earlier sources, such as Shakespeare plays like Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Nights Dream. Some comedy films, such as Knocked Up, combine themes of romantic comedies and stoner comedies, often known as bromance, such films usually use sexual elements which bring the two characters together. Films in this genre include American Pie 2 and even Wedding Crashers, romantic comedies have begun to spread out of their conventional and traditional structure into other territory
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Home video
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Home video is pre-recorded media that is either sold, rented or streamed for home entertainment. The home video business distributes films, telemovies and television series in the form of videos in various formats to the public and these are either bought or rented and then watched privately from the comfort of consumers homes. Most theatrically released films are now released on media, both optical and download-based, replacing the largely obsolete VHS medium. The VCD format remains popular in Asia, though DVDs are gradually gaining popularity, prior to the arrival of home video as a popular medium, most feature films were essentially inaccessible to the public after their original theatrical runs were over. During this era, it was also the norm that television programs could only be viewed at the time of broadcast, viewers were accustomed to the fact that there was no normal way to record TV shows at home and watch them whenever desired. It was possible to purchase a 16 mm or 8 mm film projector and rent or buy home-use prints of some cartoons, short comedies and brief highlights reels edited from feature films. In the case of the 16 mm format, most of these were available with an optical soundtrack,8 mm films almost never ran longer than ten minutes and only a few were available with a magnetic soundtrack late in the life of the format. The Super 8 film format, introduced in 1965, was marketed for making home movies, eventually, longer, edited-down versions of feature films were issued, increasingly with a magnetic soundtrack and in color. But, these were expensive and served only a small niche market of very dedicated or affluent film lovers. The Betamax and VHS home videocassette formats were introduced in 1975 and 1976 respectively, taking several years, film studios and video distributors assumed that consumers would not want to buy prerecorded videocassettes, just rent them. They also felt that all of the sales would be to video rental stores. The first company to duplicate and distribute home video was Magnetic Video in 1977, at that time, not many consumers owned a VCR, and those who did tended to rent rather than buy videos. Home video is a new area of opportunity for adventuresome publishers willing to produce new programs. Todays limitations within the marketplace may be gone tomorrow. More people are finding ways to create visually stimulating entertainment. It is a new form of publishing, a specialty line of products for vertical readership, six years ago, dog handling videos, back pain videos and cooking videos were suppositions on a drawing board. Three years ago these took life, now, along with golf and skiing tapes these S. I. videos are beginning to claim a marketshare. The wild part of new video publishing adventure is the wide diversity of support with which each product comes to the market
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