Throckmorton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,440. Its county seat is Throckmorton. The county was created in 1858 and later organized in 1879. It is named for William Throckmorton, an early Collin County settler. Throckmorton County is one of four remaining prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in Texas.

Throckmorton is a town in Throckmorton County, Texas, United States. Its population was 828 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Throckmorton County.