Tilt–shift photography
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Tilt–shift photography is the use of camera movements that change the orientation or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.
Tilt-lens photo of a model train. The focal plane keeps the entire train in focus, while the blurring of the background proceeds from left to right.
The 1961 35 mm f/3.5 PC-Nikkor lens—the first perspective-control lens for a 35 mm camera
Nikon 24 mm lens, which tilts (as seen here) and also shifts
1980 Nikkor 35 mm lens that shifts
Scheimpflug principle
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The Scheimpflug principle is a description of the geometric relationship between the orientation of the plane of focus, the lens plane, and the image plane of an optical system when the lens plane is
Tilt–shift photography
…shift. Tilt is used to control the orientation of the plane of focus (PoF), and hence the part of an image that appears sharp; it makes use of the Scheimpflug principle. Shift is used to adjust the position of the subject in the image area without moving the camera back; this is often helpful in avoiding the convergence…
Figure 1. With a normal camera, when the subject is not parallel to the image plane, only a small region is in focus.
Medium format camera with built in tilt
James McArdle (1991) Accomplices