1.
Denver, Colorado
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Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Colorado. Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich, the reference for the Mountain Time Zone. Denver is ranked as a Beta- world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. With a 2015 estimated population of 682,545, Denver ranks as the 19th-most populous U. S. city, and with a 2. 8% increase in 2015, the city is also the fastest-growing major city in the United States. The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 2,814,330 and ranked as the 19th most populous U. S. metropolitan statistical area. The 12-city Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 3,418,876, which ranks as the 16th most populous U. S. metropolitan area. Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor, Denver is the most populous city within a 500-mile radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix, Arizona. In 2016, Denver was named the best place to live in the USA by U. S. News & World Report and this was the first historical settlement in what was later to become the city of Denver. The site faded quickly, however, and by the summer of 1859 it was abandoned in favor of Auraria, Larimer named the townsite Denver City to curry favor with Kansas Territorial Governor James W. Denver. Larimer hoped the name would help make it the county seat of Arapaho County but, unbeknownst to him. The location was accessible to existing trails and was across the South Platte River from the site of seasonal encampments of the Cheyenne, the site of these first towns is now the site of Confluence Park near downtown Denver. Larimer, along with associates in the St. Charles City Land Company, sold parcels in the town to merchants and miners, Denver City was a frontier town, with an economy based on servicing local miners with gambling, saloons, livestock and goods trading. In the early years, land parcels were often traded for grubstakes or gambled away by miners in Auraria, in May 1859, Denver City residents donated 53 lots to the Leavenworth & Pikes Peak Express in order to secure the regions first overland wagon route. Offering daily service for passengers, mail, freight, and gold, in 1863, Western Union furthered Denvers dominance of the region by choosing the city for its regional terminus. The Colorado Territory was created on February 28,1861, Arapahoe County was formed on November 1,1861, Denver City served as the Arapahoe County Seat from 1861 until consolidation in 1902. In 1867, Denver City became the territorial capital, with its newfound importance, Denver City shortened its name to Denver
2.
Stand-up comedy
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Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. The performer is known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian. In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine, some stand-up comedians use props, music, or magic tricks to enhance their acts. Stand-up comedy is often performed in clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs. Outside of live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD, in stand-up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedians act. Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a stream of laughs. Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy hard, lonely and vicious, a stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a headline or a showcase format. This is followed by one or two middle or featured acts, who perform 15- to 20-minute sets, followed by a headliner who performs for longer, a showcase format may still feature an MC. Bringer shows are another opportunity for amateur performers, the performer must bring a specified number of paying guests in order to get stage time. The guests usually have to pay a charge and there is often a minimum number of drinks that must be ordered. These shows usually have a showcase format and this type of show gives comedians better exposure than open mics because there is usually better audience turnout and industry professionals sometimes go to watch. Different comedy clubs have different requirements for their bringer shows, gotham Comedy Club in New York City, for example, usually has ten-person bringers, while Broadway Comedy Club in New York City usually has six-person bringers. As the name implies, stand-up comedians usually perform their material while standing, stand-up comedy has its origin in classic Parrhesia in 400 BC used for cynics and epicureans in order to tell the reality without censorship. Stand-up comedy in the United Kingdom began in the halls of the 18th and 19th centuries. The heavy censorship regime of the Lord Chamberlains Office required all comedians to submit their acts for censorship, the act would be returned with unacceptable sections underlined in blue pencil. The comedian was then obliged not to deviate from the act in its edited form, the rise of the post-war comedians coincided with the rise of television and radio, and the traditional music hall circuit suffered greatly as a result. By the 1970s, music hall entertainment was virtually dead, alternative circuits had evolved, such as working mens clubs. The alternative comedy scene began to evolve
3.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
4.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
5.
Books
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A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other materials, fastened together to hinge at one side, with text and/or images printed in ink. A single sheet within a book is a leaf, and each side of a leaf is a page, a set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format for reading on a computer screen, smartphone or e-reader device is known as an electronic book, or e-book. The term books may refer the body of works of literature. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals, in novels and sometimes other types of books, a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books. An avid reader or collector of books or a lover is a bibliophile or colloquially. A shop where books are bought and sold is a bookshop or bookstore, Books are also sold in some department stores, drugstores and newspaper vendors. Books can also be borrowed from libraries, google has estimated that as of 2010, approximately 130,000,000 distinct titles had been published. In some wealthier nations, printed books are giving way to the usage of electronic or e-books, the word book comes from Old English bōc, which in turn comes from the Germanic root *bōk-, cognate to beech. Similarly, in Slavic languages буква is cognate with beech, in Russian and in Serbian and Macedonian, the word букварь or буквар refers specifically to a primary school textbook that helps young children master the techniques of reading and writing. It is thus conjectured that the earliest Indo-European writings may have been carved on beech wood, similarly, the Latin word codex, meaning a book in the modern sense, originally meant block of wood. When writing systems were created in ancient civilizations, a variety of objects, such as stone, clay, tree bark, metal sheets, the study of such inscriptions forms a major part of history. The study of inscriptions is known as epigraphy, the Ancient Egyptians would often write on papyrus, a plant grown along the Nile River. At first the words were not separated from other and there was no punctuation. Texts were written right to left, left to right. The technical term for that last type of writing is boustrophedon, a tablet might be defined as a physically robust writing medium, suitable for casual transport and writing. See also stylus, the instrument used to write on a tablet, clay tablets were flattened and mostly dry pieces of clay that could be easily carried, and impressed with a stylus. They were used as a medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age. Tablets were used by traders to record sales of such as bushels of grain
6.
Marriage
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The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures, but it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity, when defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal. Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire. In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, conversely, such practices may be outlawed and penalized in parts of the world out of concerns for womens rights and because of international law. These trends coincide with the human rights movement. Marriage can be recognized by a state, an organization, an authority, a tribal group. It is often viewed as a contract, Marriages can be performed in a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting via a wedding ceremony. The act of marriage usually creates normative or legal obligations between the individuals involved, and any offspring they may produce, some cultures allow the dissolution of marriage through divorce or annulment. In some areas, child marriages and polygamy may occur in spite of laws against the practice. For example, the number of marriages in Europe decreased by 30% from 1975 to 2005 and these changes have occurred primarily in Western countries. The word marriage derives from Middle English mariage, which first appears in 1250–1300 CE and this in turn is derived from Old French, marier, and ultimately Latin, marītāre, meaning to provide with a husband or wife and marītāri meaning to get married. The adjective marīt-us -a, -um meaning matrimonial or nuptial could also be used in the form as a noun for husband. Anthropologists have proposed several competing definitions of marriage in an attempt to encompass the wide variety of marital practices observed across cultures, even within Western culture, definitions of marriage have careened from one extreme to another and everywhere in between. The anthropological handbook Notes and Queries defined marriage as a union between a man and a such that children born to the woman are the recognized legitimate offspring of both partners. In recognition of a practice by the Nuer people of Sudan allowing women to act as a husband in certain circumstances, Kathleen Gough suggested modifying this to a woman, none of these men had legal rights to the womans child. Economic anthropologist Duran Bell has criticized the definition on the basis that some societies do not require marriage for legitimacy. He argued that a definition of marriage is circular in societies where illegitimacy has no other legal or social implications for a child other than the mother being unmarried. In 1955 article in Man, Leach argued that no one definition of marriage applied to all cultures and he offered a list of ten rights associated with marriage, including sexual monopoly and rights with respect to children, with specific rights differing across cultures
7.
Family
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Family is the second album released by May J. and her first under the label Rhythm Zone. No singles were released form the album and it entered the daily Oricon chart at #5 and climbed to #3. DJ Kaori, Diggy-Mo, Clench and Blistah もし君と. with Kimaguren 旅立つ君に Family, Clench and Blistah Unity Crescent Moon, Daishi Dance Remix もし君と… with キマグレン, Music Video Garden feat. DJ Kaori, Diggy-Mo’, クレンチ＆ブリスタ, Music Video 旅立つ君に, Music Video Making of music videos and private movie in Okinawa
8.
Tools
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A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process. Tool use by humans dates back millions of years, and other animals are known to employ simple tools. Tools that are used in fields or activities may have different designations such as instrument, utensil, implement, machine, device. The set of tools needed to achieve a goal is equipment, the knowledge of constructing, obtaining and using tools is technology. Anthropologists believe that the use of tools was an important step in the evolution of mankind, because tools are used extensively by both humans and wild chimpanzees, it is widely assumed that the first routine use of tools took place prior to the divergence between the two species. These early tools, however, were made of perishable materials such as sticks. Stone artifacts only date back to about 2.5 million years ago, however, a 2010 study suggests the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis ate meat by carving animal carcasses with stone implements. This finding pushes back the earliest known use of tools among hominins to about 3.4 million years ago. Finds of actual tools date back at least 2.6 million years in Ethiopia, one of the earliest distinguishable stone tool forms is the hand axe. Up until recently, weapons found in digs were the tools of “early man” that were studied. Now, more tools are recognized as culturally and historically relevant, as well as hunting, other activities required tools such as preparing food, “…nutting, leatherworking, grain harvesting and woodworking…” Included in this group are “flake stone tools. “Man the hunter” as the catalyst for Hominin change has been questioned, based on marks on the bones at archaeological sites, it is now more evident that pre-humans were scavenging off of other predators carcasses rather than killing their own food. Mechanical devices experienced an expansion in their use in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome with the systematic employment of new energy sources. Their use expanded through the Dark Ages with the addition of windmills, machine tools occasioned a surge in producing new tools in the industrial revolution. Advocates of nanotechnology expect a similar surge as tools become microscopic in size, one can classify tools according to their basic functions, Cutting and edge tools, such as the knife, scythe or sickle, are wedge-shaped implements that produce a shearing force along a narrow face. Ideally, the edge of the needs to be harder than the material being cut or else the blade will become dulled with repeated use. But even resilient tools will require periodic sharpening, which is the process of removing deformation wear from the edge, other examples of cutting tools include gouges and drill bits. Moving tools move large and tiny items, many are levers which give the user a mechanical advantage
9.
Home Improvement (TV series)
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Home Improvement is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen that aired on ABC from September 17,1991, to May 25,1999, with a total of 204 half-hour episodes spanning over eight seasons. The series was created by Matt Williams, Carmen Finestra and David McFadzean, in the 1990s it was one of the most watched sitcoms in the American market, winning many awards. The series launched Tim Allens acting career and was the start of the career of Pamela Anderson. Based on the comedy of Tim Allen, Home Improvement made its debut on ABC on September 17,1991. It went to No.1 in the ratings during the 1993–1994 season, beginning in Season 2, Home Improvement began each episode with a cold open, which features the shows logo during the teaser. From Season 4 until the end of the series in 1999, the series centers on the Taylor family, which consists of Tim, his wife Jill and their three children, the oldest child, Brad, the middle child, Randy and youngest child, Mark. The Taylors live in suburban Detroit, and have a neighbor named Wilson who is often the go-to guy for solving the Taylors problems, Tim is a stereotypical American male, who loves power tools, cars and sports. In particular, he is a fan of local Detroit teams. In numerous instances Tim wears Lions, Pistons, Red Wings, and Tigers clothing and he is a former salesman for the fictional Binford Tool company, and is very much a cocky, overambitious, accident-prone know-it-all. Witty but flippant, Tim jokes around a lot, even at inappropriate times, however, Tim can sometimes be serious when necessary. Jill, Tims wife, is loving and sophisticated, but not exempt from dumb moves herself, in later seasons she returns to college to study psychology. Family life is boisterous for the Taylors with the two oldest children, Brad and Randy, tormenting the much younger Mark, all while continually testing and pestering each other. Such play happened especially throughout the first three seasons, and was revisited only occasionally until Jonathan Taylor Thomas left at the beginning of the eighth season, during the shows final season, Brad and Mark became much closer due to Randys absence. Brad, popular and athletic, was often the moving factor, who engaged before thinking, Randy, a year younger, was the comedian of the pack, known for his quick-thinking, wisecracks, and smart mouth. He had more sense than Brad but was not immune to trouble. Mark was somewhat of a boy, though later in the series he grew into a teenage outcast who dressed in black clothing. Meanwhile, Brad became interested in cars like his father and took up soccer, Randy joined the school drama club, and later the school newspaper, in the eighth season, he left for Costa Rica. In later seasons, a running joke developed in more and more creative means were used to prevent Wilsons face below the eyes from ever being seen by the audience
10.
Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)
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Last Man Standing is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen that currently airs on ABC. The series premiered on October 11,2011 and its sixth and most recent season premiered on September 23,2016 and concluded on March 31,2017. Tim Allen as Michael Mike Baxter Mike is a father of three daughters and the director of marketing for the Outdoor Man chain of sporting goods stores and he fervently supports traditional American values, is a Christian and is politically conservative. Mike loves his daughters but his says his favorite is Eve, the youngest and most athletic daughter and he is proud of her ability to excel at anything she tries, including school work, hunting, and playing sports. Mike often finds himself annoyed with Outdoor Mans young slow-witted employee Kyle, and with Ryan, his politically liberal son-in-law, the video blog or vlog that Mike does for Outdoor Man is frequently used as a vehicle to rant about his political views. Mike is a graduate of the University of Michigan, and a radio operator using the call sign KA0XTT. Nancy Travis as Vanessa Baxter, Mikes wife Vanessa is a geologist working in the industry for a company that does hydraulic fracturing. In season four, Vanessa becomes frustrated with her job and decides to become a school science teacher. Vanessa was ambiguous in her political views until season five, when she announces she is supporting Hillary Clinton for president and she also shown drinking wine frequently. She is a graduate of The Ohio State University, Vanessa has a tendency to put her foot in her mouth when around people of other races. Despite this, she and her African-American neighbor Carol Larabee seem to get along, Vanessas humor tends to include puns. Amanda Fuller and Alexandra Krosney as Kristin Beth Baxter, the oldest daughter, Kristin, unlike her father, espouses more liberal beliefs. During her senior year of school, Kristin became pregnant with her son. She was a single mom living in the Baxter home until moving out in the season two finale and she began to reconcile with Boyds father, Ryan, in season three, and the two get married between seasons four and five. Kristin worked at a diner until landing a job at a restaurant run by a former co-worker at the end of season two. In season four, she becomes the manager of the new restaurant opened by Outdoor Man, Kristin tends to work extra hard in this new job to prove she did not get the position through nepotism, despite Mike and Ed frequently telling her she was qualified. Alexandra Krosney portrayed Kristin in the shows first season, but she was replaced by Amanda Fuller prior to two for unspecified creative reasons. Molly Ephraim as Amanda Elaine Mandy Baxter, the middle daughter, Mandy is nowhere near as scholarly as her sisters, but excels in social situations
11.
Buzz Lightyear
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Buzz Lightyear is a fictional character in the Toy Story franchise. He is a toy space ranger hero according to the movies, along with Woody, he is one of the two lead characters in all three Toy Story movies. He also appeared in the movie Buzz Lightyear of Star Command, The Adventure Begins, Buzz Lightyears name was inspired by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, the second person to walk on the Moon. Aldrin acknowledged the tribute when he pulled a Buzz Lightyear doll out during a speech at NASA, a clip of this can be found on the Toy Story 10th Anniversary DVD. Aldrin did not, however, receive any endorsement fees for the use of his first name, regarding the design of Lightyear, his creator, John Lasseter, is on record as saying he wanted to create an action figure in the line of G. I. Joe for Toy Story and decided upon a spaceman figure and he attributes his design to the influence of Apollo astronauts, in particular their clear helmets, skullcaps, communication devices and white suits. The purple and lime green color scheme were his and his wifes own favorite colors respectively, the looks of television actor Ed Kemmer are also believed to be a prototype for Lightyear. Kemmer played Commander Buzz Corry in Space Patrol, one of the first science-fiction series on US TV, in Toy Story, Buzz Lightyear is first seen when given as a gift to Andy from his mother at his birthday party. He also believes that he is a space ranger, rather than a toy. Previously, the distinction of being Andys favorite toy was held by Woody, the effects of Woodys jealousy eventually leads them to be captured by Sid, a child who enjoys torturing toys and lives next door to Andys house. While imprisoned in Sids house, Buzz sees his own television ad and finds out he is made in Taiwan, thus convincing him that he is a toy, upon understanding this, Buzz becomes depressed, but Woody eventually convinces him that it is a good thing. Buzz regains hope, and the two together to escape, return to Andy, and become friends. In Toy Story 2, Buzz assumes the leadership of the toy gang in order to rescue Woody, who has been captured by a toy collector named Al. On the journey, Buzz accidentally comes across a newer Buzz Lightyear toy with a utility belt, when he tries to take the belt, the newer Buzz attacks him, believing that he is a disobedient space ranger. The two Buzzes fight and Utility Belt Buzz traps Andys Buzz in a rocket ship similar to the one he originally came in. Soon the other toys find Utility Belt Buzz and mistake him for Andys Buzz, despite Buzzs cries of Youve got the wrong Buzz, YOUVE GOT THE WRONG BUZZ. After arguing with Utility Belt Buzz over who the real Buzz is, he convinces them that he is the real Buzz by showing them the bottom of his boot. Soon after Buzz and the gang manages to rescue Woody along with Jessie, at the end of the film, we see that Buzz has developed a crush on Jessie
12.
Toy Story franchise
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Toy Story is a CGI animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film, Toy Story, produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them, the first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter, and the third by Lee Unkrich, who acted as the co-director of the second film. Lasseter will return to direct the fourth film. All three films, produced on a budget of $320 million, have grossed more than $1.9 billion worldwide. Each film set box office records, with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films, critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews. Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23,2010 and they were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D double feature for at least two weeks in October 2009. The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide, the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise, on November 1,2011, all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films. The Toy Story series consists of three CGI animated films, Toy Story, Toy Story 2, and Toy Story 3, a fourth film, Toy Story 4, is in production and set for release in 2019. Toy Story was the first feature-length film to be made entirely using computer-generated imagery, the films were produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. All three films were acclaimed, with the first and second films getting a perfect 100%. The third film in the series is the second third highest-grossing animated film and it also became the third animated film in history to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, following Beauty and the Beast and Up. Toy Story, the first film in the franchise, was released on November 22,1995 and it was the first feature-length film created entirely by CGI and was directed by John Lasseter. The plot involves Andy, a young suburban boy, getting a new Buzz Lightyear toy, causing Sheriff Woody. Jealous, Woody tries to knock Buzz behind a table, but accidentally sends him out the window, causing the other toys to assume that he tried to murder Buzz. Determined to set right, Woody attempts to save Buzz. The film was critically and financially successful, grossing over $361 million worldwide, the film was later re-released in Disney Digital 3-D as part of a double feature, along with Toy Story 2, for a 2-week run, which was later extended due to its financial success. Toy Story 2, the film in the franchise, was released on November 24,1999. John Lasseter reprises his role as director, the plot involves Woody getting stolen by a greedy toy collector named Al
13.
Santa Claus
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Some maintain Santa Claus also absorbed elements of the Germanic god Wodan, who was associated with the pagan midwinter event of Yule and led the Wild Hunt, a ghostly procession through the sky. This image has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio, television, childrens books, films and he accomplishes this feat with the aid of his elves, who make the toys in his workshop at the North Pole, and his flying reindeer, who pull his sleigh. He is commonly portrayed as living at the North Pole and saying ho ho ho often, Saint Nicholas of Myra was a 4th-century Greek Christian bishop of Myra in Lycia, a province of the Byzantine Empire, now in Turkey. Nicholas was famous for his generous gifts to the poor, in presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with dowries so that they would not have to become prostitutes. He was very religious from an age and devoted his life entirely to Christianity. In continental Europe he is portrayed as a bearded bishop in canonical robes. The remains of Saint Nicholas are in Italy, in 1087, the Italian city of Bari mounted an expedition to locate the tomb of the Saint. The reliquary of St. Nicholas was conquered by Italian sailors, a basilica was constructed the same year to store the loot and the area became a pilgrimage site for the devout. Sailors from Bari collected just half of Nicholas skeleton, leaving all the fragments in the grave. These were collected by Venetian sailors during the First Crusade and taken to Venice, where a church to St. Nicholas, the patron of sailors, was built on the San Nicolò al Lido. This tradition was confirmed in two important scientific investigations of the relics in Bari and Venice, which revealed that the relics in the two Italian cities belong to the same skeleton. Saint Nicholas was later claimed as a saint of many diverse groups, from archers, sailors. He is also the saint of both Amsterdam and Moscow. During the Middle Ages, often on the evening before his day of 6 December. So Saint Nicholas changed to Santa Claus, martin Luther first suggested the Christkind as the bringer of gifts. But Nicholas remained popular as gifts bearer for the people, Father Christmas dates back as far as 16th century in England during the reign of Henry VIII, when he was pictured as a large man in green or scarlet robes lined with fur. He typified the spirit of good cheer at Christmas, bringing peace, joy, good food and wine, as England no longer kept the feast day of Saint Nicholas on 6 December, the Father Christmas celebration was moved to 25 December to coincide with Christmas Day. The Victorian revival of Christmas included Father Christmas as the emblem of good cheer, in the Netherlands and Belgium the character of Santa Claus has to compete with that of Sinterklaas, Santas presumed progenitor
14.
The Santa Clause
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The Santa Clause is a 1994 American Christmas fantasy family comedy film directed by John Pasquin. It is the first installment in The Santa Clause trilogy and it stars Tim Allen as Scott Calvin and this was Pasquin and Allens first movie collaboration after they both worked together on the TV series Home Improvement. Pasquin and Allen would later again on the films Jungle 2 Jungle and Joe Somebody. The film was followed by two sequels, The Santa Clause 2 and The Santa Clause 3, The Escape Clause, in comparison to the original, the former received mixed critical response while the latter was panned by most critics. Scott Calvin is an advertising executive, who is also a father to his son Charlie. Charlies mother, Laura, is now married to psychiatrist Neil Miller, Charlie spends Christmas Eve with his father, who burns the Christmas turkey, forcing them to eat at Dennys. After Scott reads Twas the Night Before Christmas to Charlie on Christmas Eve, he and he tells a skeptical Scott that he has eleven months to get his affairs in order before reporting to the workshop at Thanksgiving permanently. Scott awakens in his own bed on Christmas morning and believes the night before having been a dream, but the enthusiastic Charlie recounts several events he had not told him and leaves him in doubt. After Charlie proudly tells his class that Scott is Santa Claus, Laura and Neil confide their concerns, not wanting to break Charlies heart, Scott tells him to keep the North Pole and everything they saw a secret. However, over the course of the year, strange things begin to happen to Scott, the first thing to appear is a beard, which always re-grows, even immediately after shaving. He also develops a fondness for dessert items, primarily cookies, the taste for these newfound treats cause Scott to gain an inordinate amount of weight seemingly overnight and he balloons to 192lbs, which at first he thinks he is just bloated. He also begins losing the coloring of his hair, turning it stark white, Scotts doctor says his weight gain is just fluctuation, even when Scott insists that gaining 45lbs in a week is not right and the changing of his hair color is because he is middle aged. During a meeting with his company, Scott disrupts the meeting to call out their idea of promoting a television advertisement of Santa riding a toy tank, Scotts boss Mr. Whittle takes him aside and asks him to get some help. He also begins to recount naughty and nice children by name after getting his list of children in the mail and these changes prompt further concern from Laura and Neil, who subsequently call to have Scotts visitation rights removed. On Thanksgiving night, Scott arrives to say goodbye to Charlie, as Neil insists to Charlie that Scott is not Santa, Charlie hands Scott a magical snowglobe he received from Bernard, which finally convinces Scott that he is Santa. As Laura and Neil steps out of the room for a moment, Bernard comes and takes Scott and Charlie away to the North Pole, leading Laura to believe Scott had kidnapped him. On Christmas Eve night, Scott begins delivering presents, and is arrested when entering Laura and Neil Millers house, the E. L. F. S. is called and rescues Charlie and frees Scott from custody. Scott returns to take Charlie home, and manages to convince Laura, Bernard shows up to thank Laura for the cookies and disappears into thin air
15.
For Richer or Poorer
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For Richer or Poorer is a 1997 American comedy film starring Tim Allen and Kirstie Alley. After ten years of marriage, New York City millionaire socialite couple Brad, the pitch turns disastrous when one of the displays special effects catches a guests dress on fire. At the same time, Brads accountant, Bob Lachman, is stealing the Sextons millions through mismanagement, Bob arrives at the office early the following morning with a file box, but leaves before Brad arrives. Though he doesnt get out in time, he manages to finally evade Brad and Hall, hearing a hint from Bob that the Sextons could be fleeing, Hall orders the freezing of all their assets. Brad is unable to access his money through an ATM and Caroline has her credit card destroyed at her table as shes having lunch with some friends, Brad is then informed that his accounts have been frozen, but the bank teller refuses to tell him why. At first he thinks Caroline is responsible, until he gets Bob on the phone, gung-ho IRS Inspector Derek Lester joins Hall to serve the warrant and bring in the Sextons. As Brad exits the bank, Hall and Lester surround him at a statue on Wall Street. Brad takes out his new satellite phone to answer a call, Brad flees on foot, steals a cab and happens to pick up Caroline. The Sextons get away from Hall and Lester and the NYPD and they crash the cab into a muddy swamp and are forced to spend that night sleeping rough, covered in mud. Next day they find themselves in Intercourse, Pennsylvania, a small Lancaster County-area community of Old Order Amish, Brad drops in on a conversation and after stealing some clothes, they masquerade as Jacob and Emma Yoder, a familys expected cousins from Missouri. Samuel and Levinia, along with their sons and daughters, make the pair at home and this gets noticed by Levinia and Samuel, who chalk it up to the pair having marital difficulties. Brad decides to try and relate better to Caroline after a talk from Samuel about how each day, gradually, both learn to fit in through their own abilities. The Sextons then rediscover why they fell in love in the first place, as Samuel and Levinias daughter Rebecca is exchanging vows with Henner, the ceremony is interrupted by police and a drenched Hall and Lester, who crashed into the stolen cab. The Sextons are exposed and hauled back to New York to face trial, Brads attorney Phil Kleinmann informs them that he found Bob in Zurich and had him extradited back to America. A resisting Bob is then hauled into the courtroom by uniformed officers to face the Sextons, Bob confesses and Brad thanks the accountant for saving his and Carolines marriage. Charges against the Sextons are dropped, Brad and Caroline return to the Yoders to make things right, but their pleas for forgiveness seem to fall on deaf ears. As they turn to leave, Samuel informs them that he and they said they put up with it because it was planting season and they needed the extra help. Brad offers to give his watch as a present only to be told that their Amish cannot accept gifts only trades and he then proceeds to trade the watch for Big John, a gargantuan Belgian horse that Brad tamed largely by dumb luck, and some corn
16.
Jungle 2 Jungle
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Jungle 2 Jungle is a 1997 American comedy film starring Tim Allen, Martin Short and Sam Huntington. It is an American remake of the 1994 French film Un indien dans la ville, Jungle 2 Jungles plot follows the original film fairly closely, with the biggest difference being the change in location from Paris to New York. The film was directed by John Pasquin, and produced by Walt Disney Pictures, Michael Cromwell is a self-absorbed, successful commodities broker living in New York City. Wanting to marry his new fiancée Charlotte, he needs to obtain a divorce from his first wife, Patricia. Patricia now lives with a tribe in Canaima National Park. Michael travels there to get her signature on papers, but upon arriving. Michael attempts to bond with Mimi-Siku in his stay with the tribe. Michael is also given a new name, Baboon, as is a custom in the tribe and that night, Mimi-Siku undergoes the traditional rite of passage of his tribe, who then considers him to be a man. The tribal elder gives Mimi a special task, to become a tribal leader one day, Mimi must bring fire from the Statue of Liberty, against his own protests, Michael brings Mimi-Siku to New York with him. Michael works as a trader at the World Trade Center in building 7, Mimi-Siku wears traditional dress during much of his stay in New York. As Michael attempts to adapt Mimi-Siku to city life, cross-cultural misunderstandings occur when Mimi-Siku reverts to customs considered acceptable by his tribe, on climbing the Statue of Liberty to reach the flame, Mimi-Siku is disappointed when he sees that the fire is not real. While staying at the home of Michaels partner, Richard Kempster, Mimi-Siku falls in love with Richards daughter and he paints her face and gives her a new name, Ukume, as is the custom in his tribe. Richard resents Mimis presence in his due to his influence over Karen and because he cooked and ate his valuable. Richard then freaks out when he sees his daughter and Mimi together in a hammock, the Kempsters and Michael are later targeted by Alex Jovanovic, a Russian mobster and caviar dealer, who believes that they have cheated him in a business deal. Jovanovic arrives at the Kempsters, and tortures Richard for info, since he refuses, he tries to amputate Richards fingers in revenge. By fighting together and utilizing Mimi-Sikus hunting skills, the two defeat the mobsters. Mimi-Siku returns to the Amazon jungle, but before he leaves, Michael also presents Mimi with a Statue of Liberty cigarette lighter, which produces fire from the torch and will fulfill Mimis quest. In return, Mimi gives his father a blowpipe and poisoned darts, telling Michael to practice, shortly afterwards, Michael finds himself disheartened by the rat-race and realizes that his relationship with Charlotte is not working for him anymore
17.
Galaxy Quest
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Galaxy Quest is a 1999 American comedy science fiction film directed by Dean Parisot and written by David Howard and Robert Gordon. Mark Johnson and Charles Newirth produced the film for DreamWorks Pictures, enrico Colantoni stars as the leader of an alien race who ask the actors for help, believing the shows adventures were real. The films supporting cast features Robin Sachs as the warlord Sarris, justin Long makes his feature film debut as an obsessed fan of the television show. The film received praise and reached cult status through the years, becoming popular with Star Trek fans, staff. The film was included in Readers Digests list of The Top 100+ Funniest Movies of All Time, the former cast of the once-popular television space-adventure series Galaxy Quest spend most of their days attending fan conventions and promotional stunts. During one event, Nesmith is approached by Mathesar and others calling themselves Thermians and request his assistance, after Nesmith spends the night drinking heavily, the Thermians arrive to pick up a hungover Nesmith in the limo he had requested. Unaware that they are truly octopoidal aliens, using technology to appear human, aboard their ship in deep space, Nesmith goes through the motions of commanding the ship and asks to be returned home. When they send him back to Earth via a transporter, Nesmith realizes that it is all real and he races to meet his cast, accidentally bumping into Brandon and misplacing a Thermian communicator Mathasar gave him with Brandons fan-made replica. Nesmith eagerly relates his experience to the crew, who think he is drunk again and they are all transported to a perfect reproduction of the NSEA Protector in deep space, and are shocked by the reality of the situation. Mathesar begs the crew to command the Protector, as Nesmiths previous actions have enraged Sarris, while they were able to recreate the ship from the broadcast episodes, the Thermians have no idea how to pilot it. The crew hesitantly take the controls, and despite their ineptitude, after the second encounter with Sarris ship, they barely evade his attack by flying through a minefield, severely damaging the ship. The humans take a shuttle to a planet to find a replacement beryllium sphere as a new power source. They manage to secure the sphere after a run-in with the alien species on the planet. Once back aboard the Protector, they find that Sarris and his soldiers have captured the ship, Sarris interrogates the humans, discovering they are only actors, and recognizes that the Thermians have no concept of fiction, believing the show to have been real. Sarris sets the Protector to self-destruct and departs, leaving a few soldiers to guard the humans. Nesmith and DeMarco then set off into the bowels of the ship to stop the sequence, using help from Brandon. Having finally accepted their roles on the ship and gained confidence in themselves, Nesmith and his crew use the minefield as a weapon against Sarris ship and they prepare to head to Earth when Sarris, who has transported over at the last moment, starts killing the crew. A desperate Nesmith activates the Omega 13, which reverses time far enough for him to knock out Sarris and they near a wormhole to return the humans home via the command module, and Nesmith assures Mathesar he has the ability to command the Protector along with the other Thermians
18.
Big Trouble (2002 film)
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Big Trouble is a 2002 American comedy film based on the novel Big Trouble by Dave Barry. It was directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and featured a large cast including Tim Allen, Rene Russo, Dennis Farina, Zooey Deschanel, Sofia Vergara and Jason Lee. Like much of Dave Barrys fiction, it follows a group of people through a series of extremely strange. In a high-school game of Killer, Matt Arnold has to kill classmate Jenny Herk, by coincidence, hitmen are also there to assassinate Arthur Herk, who has secretly embezzled money from his company, Penultra Corp. When the fake assassination attempt crosses paths with the one, police officers Monica Romero. During the chaos of the attempts, Matts friend, Andrew, called Eliot Arnold. Upon arriving to pick up Matt from the Herks, Eliot immediately feels an attraction to Anne Herk, Jennys mother, as Matt. The Herks housemaid, Nina, meanwhile, falls in love with a homeless man named Puggy. Escaped convicts Snake and Eddie, who were kicked out of the bar for disorderly conduct, hold up the bar and kidnap Arthur and Puggy and take the suitcase. Meanwhile, Matt tries to kill Jenny in a parking lot. Matt and Jenny run away and eventually return to the Herk house, followed by officers Monica and Walter, Eliot is called over once again. The convicts force Arthur to return to his home, where they capture everyone, taking Puggy and kidnapping Jenny, they leave for the Airport. Nina, who was hiding in her room, frees everyone except for Monica, shortly after, the house is visited by two FBI agents who are tracking the bomb. They free Monica and have her lead them to the airport, the criminals pass through security with Puggy and Jenny, where the bomb is inadvertently triggered and its 45-minute timer begins, Puggy manages to escape in the confusion of boarding the plane. The FBI agents tell everyone that unless the bomb is retrieved soon, Puggy leads the group to the criminals plane, which Eliot sneaks onto. Meanwhile, the two hitmen get out of the jam and reach the airport. They bump into Officer Romero, and Special Agents Greer and Seitz, Romero grabs the rifle, removes its bolt, and returns it. Eliot, having sneaked onto the plane, attacks the criminals by knocking Eddie out with a fire extinguisher, on hearing the case is a bomb, Eliot hurls it out of the still open rear door, only for Snake to leap after it
19.
Christmas with the Kranks
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Christmas with the Kranks is a 2004 American Christmas comedy film based on the 2001 novel Skipping Christmas by John Grisham. It was directed by Joe Roth and written and produced by Chris Columbus and it stars Tim Allen and Jamie Lee Curtis as a couple who decide to skip Christmas one year since their daughter is away, much to the chagrin of their neighbors. This is Tom Postons final film before his death in 2007, after Riverside, Illinois couple Luther and Nora Krank see their daughter, Blair, depart for a Peace Corps assignment in Peru on the Sunday following Thanksgiving, empty nest syndrome sets in. Skeptical at first, Nora finally agrees under the condition that they give a donation to the church. Luther tries to refuse but finally agrees and they begin planning the trip, the Kranks are amazed to discover they are considered pariahs as a result of their decision. Most vocal in their objections are neighbors Vic Frohmeyer and Walt Scheel, Vic, whos the unelected leader of the street, organizes a campaign to force the Kranks to decorate their home so Hemlock Street wont lose the coveted award for best decorations. Vic has political and bureaucratic connections in Chicago, Walt doesnt seem to like Luther, so his efforts are primarily personal. However, it is revealed that Walts wife Bev is suffering from cancer, still, Luther and Nora continue to stand their ground. Shes anxious to introduce Enrique to her familys traditions, and when she asks if theyre having their usual party that night. Comic chaos ensues as the couple finds themselves trying to decorate the house and coordinate a party with only hours to spare before their daughter. Luther decides to give a donation by giving them money but taking the tree in the process, spike comes to Luthers rescue by showing the neighbors and officers that Luther has Trogdons keys and thus was given permission to borrow the tree. Nora comes home enraged at Luther for making the borrowed Christmas tree a Disaster, once it is established why Luther is trying frantically to decorate his home, the neighbors, led by Vic, come out full force to help him and Nora ready it for Blair. Blair calls to say she landed from Miami, despite this, having a change of heart, Luther sadly slips out of the house and goes across the street to the Scheel home. Julie Gonzalo as Blair Krank, the Kranks daughter M and he was asked by Grisham to read the book in galley form, assuming he could direct a movie based on it. Roth recalls, It turns out he was right, even while I was reading it, all I could think was that this would make a great Christmas movie. It had humor, it had characters and it had heart. It was a change for him as he, who previously directed thrillers, would now do work for a film lighter in tone. With the rights of the received and the May 2000 founding of Revolution Studios, he stated that as a start-up company, there was a great deal of work to do in order to get up
20.
The Shaggy Dog (2006 film)
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The Shaggy Dog is a 2006 American family comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and written by Geoff Rodkey, Jack Amiel, Michael Begler, Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley. It is the remake of the 1959 film of the same name. It stars Tim Allen, Robert Downey, Jr. Kristin Davis, Danny Glover, Spencer Breslin, Jane Curtin, Zena Grey and Philip Baker Hall. The Shaggy Dog released on March 10,2006 by Walt Disney Pictures, received mixed reviews from critics, Forrester denies this, but claims that Grant and Strictland has been engaging in illegal animal experimentation. This distances Douglas from his daughter Carly, one of Forresters students, the greedy geneticists working for Mr. Lance Strictland, led by Dr. Kozak, have stolen a 300-year-old sacred dog named Khyi Yang Po from a Tibetan monastery. The scientists determine that Khyi Yang Pos genetic sequence, when isolated and put into a vaccination, invades and alters the cells, when Dave returns from work, he takes Khyi Yang Po out in the garage, then the dog runs to get the newspaper. Khyi Yang Po gives him his newspaper, and Dave reaches for it, Khyi Yang Pos saliva goes into Daves blood and DNA, infecting him. In the ongoing trial, Forrester testifies seeing the animals behaving like dogs, when his dog-like behavior annoys the judge, Dave is removed from the case. After viewing security cameras, Kozak and his minions realize that somehow Dave became a copy of Khyi Yang Po. When Dave comes home, still in his form, he overhears a conversation between Carly and Josh that he and Rebecca may be splitting up. After hearing this, Dave then knocks over a Scrabble game and uses the letters to reveal, but when Dave gets out of the house, he is captured by Kozaks minions. Dave is taken to the lab to be euthanized, but Kozak has a court summons, right before he exits, Kozak mocks Dave in canine form and is bitten in the process. He then begins to exhibit the same issues Dave had at the beginning of his adventure, in the courtroom, Dave calls Kozak back to the stand and tries to get him to admit what he has done, but Kozak manages to hide his secret. Thinking quickly, he mocks Kozak by implying he was working under Strictlands shadow, the two begin growling at each another, and the judge, exasperated by Daves canine behavior, orders the bailiff to remove him. But Dave manages to spur on Kozaks canine instincts, triggering a mutation in him, the pharmaceutical company is returned to Strictland, the mutant animals are protected, and Dave is able to spend more time with his family. The movie ends with the family vacationing in Hawaii, where Khyi Yang Po appears surfing, Daves canine habits slightly remain as he catches a frisbee with his teeth in the closing scene. The film was released in the United States on March 10,2006, the colorized version however is not restored and suffers from age. In the UK, however, the 1959 movie has ever been made available on DVD in black
21.
Redbelt
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Redbelt is a 2008 American martial arts film written and directed by David Mamet and starring Chiwetel Ejiofor. The cast also includes Tim Allen, Joe Mantegna, Ricky Jay, Emily Mortimer, Alice Braga and Rebecca Pidgeon, the film opened in wide release in the United States and Canada on May 9,2008. While closing his Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu studio one evening, martial arts teacher Mike Terry is approached by attorney Laura Black, off-duty police officer Joe Collins, who was receiving a private lesson from Mike, sees that Laura is distressed and tries to take her coat. Startled, Laura grabs Joes gun and fires it, shattering the studios front window, to avoid having Laura charged with attempted murder, Mike and Joe agree to conceal the event. Mikes insurance, however, will not cover his act of God claim that the window was broken by a strong wind. Mikes wife Sondra, whose fashion business profits are the only thing keeping the studio afloat, requests that Mike ask for a loan from her brother Ricardo. At Ricardos nightclub, Mike meets with Sondras other brother, Bruno, Mike confronts Bruno about the situation but is rebuffed. Mike then declines Brunos offer to fight on the undercard of a match between Ricardo and Japanese legend Morisaki, which could potentially pay out $50,000. Mike believes competitions with money as the incentive are not honorable, meanwhile, aging Hollywood action star Chet Frank enters the nightclub without security and is accosted by a man with a broken bottle. Mike intervenes and subdues three men in the process, the following day, Mike receives an expensive watch and an invitation to dinner from Chet. Mike gives the watch to Joe to pawn in lieu of his salary at the nightclub. At the dinner party, Chets wife Zena arranges an informal business deal to buy an amount of dresses from Sondras company. Chet, impressed by Mike, invites him to the set of his current film, as Mike and Sondra leave the dinner, Mike explains his unique training method to Chets business associate Jerry Weiss. Before a sparring match, each fighter must draw one of three marbles, two white and one black, whoever draws a black marble has to fight with a handicap. Mike uses his experience to answer a few technical questions for Chet on the film set and is offered the role of co-producer. That evening, Mike faxes the details of his methods to Jerry so they can be used in the film. Joe arrives at the studio and informs Mike that he was suspended from duty for pawning the watch, during their dinner that evening, Mike relays the information to Jerry who excuses himself to handle the matter, but never returns. At home, Mike learns that the numbers that Zena gave Sondra have been disconnected
22.
Crazy on the Outside
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Crazy on the Outside is a 2010 American comedy film starring and directed by Tim Allen. The film marks Allens feature film debut, and is notable for reuniting Allen with co-stars from many of his previous films. Thomas Zelda has been paroled from prison for being involved in movie piracy and he is picked up by his eccentric sister Viki who is revealed to be a habitual liar. He arrives at Vikis home where he plans to some time putting his life back together when its revealed that his grandmother was told that he went to France instead of prison. Due to her condition, Tommy keeps up the story leading to a euphemism where France means prison. During dinner, Gray, Tommys old partner from the piracy business, shows up. The next day, Tommy meets with his officer, Angela Popadopolous. He informs Angela that he wants to start up his fathers painting business instead, while on the job, he sees Christy, his dead ex-girlfriend come up to the drive-through window. Realizing Viki lied to him, he takes the car to see Christy leading them to spend the night together. The next morning, it is revealed that Christy is engaged to Frank, since he took the delivery car without permission, he is fired from Pirate Burger and risks going back to jail for breaking the terms of his parole. He is given another chance and goes back to work and that night, he is kidnapped by Gray and Gray tries to persuade him to get back into the piracy business. Tommy refuses stating that he wants to go straight, Tommy is called to make a delivery. He arrives at the apartment of Angela and her son is trying to play matchmaker to get her to start dating again. While there, he notices that the apartment is in need of a paint job, Tommy decides to show Angela the kind of work he can do. With the help of two ex-con coworkers Rick and Edgar from Pirate Burger, he breaks into Angelas apartment while shes away, Angela is furious at Tommy for breaking and entering but understands what he was trying to do and doesnt press charges. She sets him up to paint a judges home, while doing the job, Angela shows up to check on Tommys work and invites him to observe her sons little league team. Later, the wife who is impressed by the work invites Tommy to paint the upstairs as well. While getting tools together, Edgar and Rick prepare the upstairs for painting, wanting to do something nice for Tommy, Edgar steals the ring and gives it to Christy as a gift from Tommy
23.
Denver
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Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Colorado. Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich, the reference for the Mountain Time Zone. Denver is ranked as a Beta- world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. With a 2015 estimated population of 682,545, Denver ranks as the 19th-most populous U. S. city, and with a 2. 8% increase in 2015, the city is also the fastest-growing major city in the United States. The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 2,814,330 and ranked as the 19th most populous U. S. metropolitan statistical area. The 12-city Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 3,418,876, which ranks as the 16th most populous U. S. metropolitan area. Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor, Denver is the most populous city within a 500-mile radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix, Arizona. In 2016, Denver was named the best place to live in the USA by U. S. News & World Report and this was the first historical settlement in what was later to become the city of Denver. The site faded quickly, however, and by the summer of 1859 it was abandoned in favor of Auraria, Larimer named the townsite Denver City to curry favor with Kansas Territorial Governor James W. Denver. Larimer hoped the name would help make it the county seat of Arapaho County but, unbeknownst to him. The location was accessible to existing trails and was across the South Platte River from the site of seasonal encampments of the Cheyenne, the site of these first towns is now the site of Confluence Park near downtown Denver. Larimer, along with associates in the St. Charles City Land Company, sold parcels in the town to merchants and miners, Denver City was a frontier town, with an economy based on servicing local miners with gambling, saloons, livestock and goods trading. In the early years, land parcels were often traded for grubstakes or gambled away by miners in Auraria, in May 1859, Denver City residents donated 53 lots to the Leavenworth & Pikes Peak Express in order to secure the regions first overland wagon route. Offering daily service for passengers, mail, freight, and gold, in 1863, Western Union furthered Denvers dominance of the region by choosing the city for its regional terminus. The Colorado Territory was created on February 28,1861, Arapahoe County was formed on November 1,1861, Denver City served as the Arapahoe County Seat from 1861 until consolidation in 1902. In 1867, Denver City became the territorial capital, with its newfound importance, Denver City shortened its name to Denver
24.
Real estate
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Also, the business of real estate, the profession of buying, selling, or renting land, buildings or housing. It is a term used in jurisdictions whose legal system is derived from English common law, such as India, the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Pakistan, Australia. Residential real estate may contain either a family or multifamily structure. Residences can be classified by, if, and how they are connected to neighbouring residences, different types of housing tenure can be used for the same physical type. For example, connected residents might be owned by an entity and leased out. Major categories in North America and Europe Attached / multi-unit dwellings Apartment or Flat – An individual unit in a multi-unit building, the boundaries of the apartment are generally defined by a perimeter of locked or lockable doors. Often seen in apartment buildings. Multi-family house – Often seen in multi-story detached buildings, where each floor is an apartment or unit. Terraced house – A number of single or multi-unit buildings in a row with shared walls. Condominium – Building or complex, similar to apartments, owned by individuals, common grounds and common areas within the complex are owned and shared jointly. There are townhouse or rowhouse style condominiums as well, semi-detached dwellings Duplex – Two units with one shared wall. Single-family detached house Portable dwellings Mobile homes – Potentially a full-time residence which can be movable on wheels, houseboats – A floating home Tents – Usually very temporary, with roof and walls consisting only of fabric-like material. The size of an apartment or house can be described in square feet or meters, in the United States, this includes the area of living space, excluding the garage and other non-living spaces. It can be described roughly by the number of rooms. A studio apartment has a bedroom with no living room. A one-bedroom apartment has a living or dining room separate from the bedroom, Two bedroom, three bedroom, and larger units are common. Major categories in India and the Asian Subcontinent Co-operative Housing Societies Condominiums Chawls Villas Havelis The size is measured in Gaz, Quila, Marla, Beegha, and acre. See List of house types for a listing of housing types and layouts, real estate trends for shifts in the market
25.
Birmingham, Michigan
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Birmingham is a city in Oakland County of the U. S. state of Michigan and a suburb of Detroit. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,103, the area comprising what is now the city of Birmingham was part of land ceded by Native American tribes to the United States government by the 1807 Treaty of Detroit. Tiffins report claimed that There would not be an out of a hundred, if there would be one out of a thousand that would, in any case. In 1818, Territorial Governor Lewis Cass led a group of men along the Indian Trail, the governors party discovered that the swamp was not as extensive as Tiffin had supposed. Not long after Cass issued a more encouraging report about the land, the earliest land entry was made on January 28,1819, by Colonel Benjamin Kendrick Pierce for the northwest quarter of section 36. Colonel Pierce visited his land several times, but never settled on it, in March 1818, John W. Hunter and his brother Daniel left Auburn, New York, by sleigh and traveled to Michigan by way of Upper Canada. They waited in Detroit for their father and other members who arrived by schooner over Lake Erie in July. The family remained in Detroit until spring 1819 when John W. made an entry for the northeast quarter of section 36, lacking a proper land survey, John W. mistakenly built his log house on a tract later purchased by Elijah Willets. That house was occupied by William Hall, a son-in-law of Elisha Hunter. On September 25,1821, Elijah Willets made an entry for the southwest quarter of section 25. Two days later, Major John Hamilton made an entry for the southeast quarter of section 25, each of these initial land entries met at what is now the intersection of Maple Road and Pierce Street. For a time, all three men, John W. Hunter, Major Hamilton, and Elijah Willets, operated hotels, the growing settlement was known variously as Hamiltons, Hunters, or Willets, it was later known as Piety Hill. The settlements original plat was surveyed and recorded on August 25,1836, Merrill who also ran the town foundry and the thrashing machine factory. Merrill named his plat Birmingham after Birmingham, England, in the hope that the new settlement would become a great industrial center. Elijah Willets recorded a plat on his property on December 20,1837, John W. Hunter followed suit with two plats on his property on January 31,1840, and June 21,1842, while Major Hamilton laid out a plat on October 7,1846. Several other properties were subsequently platted as additions, the plats made in 1836 and 1837 were in anticipation of completion of the Detroit and Pontiac Railroad. Now known as Birmingham, the village first received mail through the Bloomfield post office, Birmingham established its own post office on April 5,1838. The settlement incorporated as a village in 1864, comprising the northern half of section 36, the first village elections were held March 1,1864, and it was soon governed by a seven-man board of trustees who appointed a marshal and a treasurer
26.
Detroit, Michigan
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Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
27.
Central Michigan University
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Central Michigan University is a public research university located in Mount Pleasant in the U. S. state of Michigan. Established in 1892, Central Michigan University is one of the largest universities in the state of Michigan and it has more than 20,000 students on its Mount Pleasant campus and 7,000 students enrolled online at more than 60 locations worldwide. The universitys neuroscience program was ranked first in the nation by the Society for Neuroscience and CMU has also established a College of Medicine, CMU competes in the NCAA Division I Mid-American Conference in six mens and ten womens sports. Central Michigan University is governed by a Board of Trustees, whose eight members are appointed by the Governor of Michigan, the Board of Trustees appoints and reviews the President of Central Michigan University, currently George E. Ross. The president administers the policies set by the board and serves ex officio on the board as a non-voting member and it names facilities and groups and accepts gifts from large donors, among several other duties and powers it possesses. Members of the Board of Trustees serve without compensation, but are reimbursed by the university for expenses related to their official capacity, such as travel. CMU has eight divisions, The College of Business Administration The College of Communication and Fine Arts The College of Education and Human Services The Herbert H. Park Library which holds one million books and can seat up to 2,655 patrons at a time, the school owns and operates the Brooks Astronomical Observatory. The Central Michigan University College of Graduate Studies provides over 70 graduate degree programs at the Masters, Specialist, Harold Abel Endowed Lecture Series in the Study of Dictatorship, Democracy and Genocide. Focuses on the impact of events such as the Holocaust and mass murders in Africa, Southeast Asia. Named in honor of former CMU President Harold Abel, Philip A. Hart and William G. Milliken Endowed Speaker Series for Integrity in Politics. Senator Philip Hart and Michigan Governor William Milliken, focuses on intellectual discussions for future leaders both in the military and across the campus and community. Named in honor of Army Colonel William Nolde, the last official casualty of the Vietnam War. Focuses on bringing world-class mathematicians to campus, speakers include Fields Medal winners Terrence Tao, Sir Timothy Gowers, and Cédric Villani and Abel Prize winners S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan and Louis Nirenberg. Named in honor of mathematics professor Richard Fleming, the schools athletics programs are affiliated with NCAA Division I. For football, the school is in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, almost all Central Michigan teams compete in the Mid-American Conference, the one exception is the womens lacrosse team, newly elevated from club to full varsity status for the 2016 season. CMUs football team won the second NCAA Division II national championship in 1974 by defeating the University of Delaware 54 to 14, the team was voted national champion in the Associated Press College Division poll. The Chips have also been national runner-up twice, in 1958 the mens swimming and diving team was runner-up to North Central College at the second annual NAIA national meet, which was held in Muncie, Ind
28.
Western Michigan University
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Western Michigan University is a public research university in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. The university was established in 1903 by Dwight B, waldo, and as of the Fall 2014 semester, its enrollment was 23,914. WMU has one of the largest aviation programs in the United States, the universitys athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and are known as the Western Michigan Broncos. They compete in the Mid-American Conference for most sports, on May 27,1903, Michigan Governor Aaron T. Bliss signed a bill authorizing the creation of the States fourth teacher-training facility, the three other normal schools were in Ypsilanti, Mount Pleasant, and Marquette. Kalamazoo was chosen as the new location on August 28,1903. Other locations considered included Allegan, Muskegon, Grand Rapids, Decatur, Three Oaks, the first building, then known as the Administration Building, and now known as East Hall, was constructed in 1904. The University was first officially known as Western State Normal School, the first principal and president was Dwight B. Waldo, who served from 1904 until 1936, the school was renamed several times throughout its early history, beginning with Western State Teachers College in 1927, Michigan College of Education in 1941, and Western Michigan College in 1955. Most of the oldest and original WMU buildings and classrooms are known as East Campus. Access to the East Campus site was an issue because of the steep grade elevating it above the city, the Western State Normal Railroad was established in 1907 to carry students and staff up and down the hill via a funicular. WMUs campuses encompass more than 1,200 acres and roughly 150 buildings, many of the residence halls are found scattered throughout West Campus, while other dormitories are adjacent to West Campus in Goldsworth Valley. The Bernhard Center is a centrally-located multi-purpose student union that provides student, waldo Library and the attached University Computing Center are on West Campus, as is the Dalton Musical Center. Recently constructed buildings on West Campus include the Western Heights dormitory and the Chemistry Building, West Campus is also the site of Miller Auditorium. A large entertainment venue seating nearly 3500 people, it is Michigans fourth largest auditorium, Miller Auditorium hosts events ranging from popular musicals and concerts to graduation commencements and film screenings. The Gilmore Theater Complex is directly next to Miller Auditorium, the Richmond Center for Visual Arts was added to the Fine Arts Complex in 2007, followed by South Kohrman Hall being renovated into the Kohrman Hall Studios in 2008. Both buildings house the Gwen Frostic School of Art, East Campus is the original development dating from the universitys founding in 1903. It contains many of the historical buildings including, East Hall, West Hall, North Hall, Walwood Hall, Spindler Hall, Vandercook Hall
29.
WIDR
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WIDR is a freeform FM radio station that broadcasts from the Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. WIDR, a radio station licensed to Western Michigan University. The station is entirely student-run, employing six part-time staff members, staff members must be students at Western Michigan University, enrolled at least part-time. Even though the station is student-run, a number of community volunteers hold on-air positions as well, the station originally began broadcasting in 1952, as a carrier current station. The station was started by a group of students including Jack Clifford. The station broadcast through the pipes of Western Michigan University, specifically throughout the dormitories, thus, they picked as their call letters W. I. D. R. or Western Inter-Dormitory Radio. For the first 23 years, WIDR broadcast as an AM station at 750 kHz, in 1975, the student-staff filed paperwork with the Federal Communications Commission to become an FM station. They were given a frequency of 89.1 MHz, WIDR is classified by the FCC as a non-commercial, educational station. Today, the station goes by the moniker WIDR and continues to serve both Western Michigan University and the Kalamazoo community, WIDRs programming consists of a combination of variety music shows, specialty music shows and public affairs shows. Variety music shows draw music from within the WIDRs own music library, experienced DJs are allowed to develop programming focusing on specific genres of music. Programs such as The Outhouse Radio Program, Birdland and WIDR World are some examples of these programs, some DJs choose, instead of a specialty music program, to develop a public affairs program. These are generally talk or interview-based programs focusing on subjects from current events to local culture, WIDR gets its funding primarily through Western Michigan University, though significant contributions are made by community members and WIDR alumni. Western Michigan University holds the license to WIDR, and as such provides WIDR with mostly in-kind services and these include the use of on-campus office space, electricity, internet access and the like. WIDR runs an event every year called WIDR Week, during this event, the station solicits donations from its listeners and runs a number of local events. WIDR hosts a number of events every year on Western Michigan Universitys campus. The main event each year is the WIDR Block Party and this event takes place in the community, and has been going on since 2012. Past WIDR festivals included Barking Tuna Festival and Kite Flight, michiguide. com - WIDR History WIDR Alumni Society WIDR website Query the FCCs FM station database for WIDR Radio-Locator information on WIDR Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WIDR
30.
Bachelor of Science
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A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years. Whether a student of a subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities. For one example, a degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts by one university but as a B. Sc. by another. Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA, even in the natural sciences, in both instances, there are historical and traditional reasons. Northwestern Universitys School of Communication grants B. Sc. degrees in all of its programs of study, including theater, dance, the first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860. Prior to this, science subjects were included in the B. A. bracket, notably in the cases of mathematics, physics, physiology, in Argentina and Chile, most university degrees are given as a license in a field or discipline. For instance, besides the courses, biochemistry and biology require 1–2 years hands-on training either in a clinical laboratory plus a final exam or in a research laboratory plus a thesis defense. The degrees are term licenses in the field of study or profession i. e. biology, nutrition, physical therapy or kinesiology, etc. However, a masters degree requires 2-3 more years of specific training, engineering and medical degrees are also different and are six-year programs of specific classes and training starting immediately after high school. No intermediate degrees count towards the admission examination or even exist, medical degrees are complemented with a 3–4 years of hospital residence plus 1–2 years of specialization training. In Australia, the B. Sc. is generally a three-four year degree, an honours year or a Master of Science is required to progress on to the Doctor of Philosophy. In New Zealand, in cases, the honours degree comprises an additional postgraduate qualification. In South Africa, the B. Sc. is taken three years, while the postgraduate B. Sc. Entails an additional year of study, admission to the honours degree is on the basis of a sufficiently high average in the B. Sc. major, an honours degree is required for M. Sc. Level study, and admission to a doctorate is via the M. Sc, commonly in British Commonwealth countries and Ireland graduands are admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Science after having completed a programme in one or more of the sciences. These programmes may take different lengths of time to complete, note that in British English, no full stops are used in the title, hence BSc, not B. Sc. A Bachelor of Science receives the designation BSc or BS for a major/pass degree, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland an honours degree is typically completed over a three-year period, though there are a few intensified two-year courses. Bachelors degrees were typically completed in two years for most of the twentieth century, in Scotland, where access to university is possible after one less year of secondary education, degree courses have a foundation year making the total course length four years
31.
Mark Ridley's Comedy Castle
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Mark Ridley’s Comedy Castle is a comedy club located in Metro Detroit, at 310 S. Troy St. Royal Oak, Michigan 48067. Mark Ridley first opened the Comedy Castle on January 4,1979, in the basement of a Bloomfield Hills, during the first 11 years of the club’s existence, it changed locations six times. In 1990, The Comedy Castle established its permanent, 400-seat location and it is the oldest operating comedy club in Michigan. Mark Ridley’s Comedy Castle hosts several events for a small fee. All proceeds go to the charities, the Comedy Castle has hosted several television specials, including Showtime Comedy Club Network, HBOs Comic Relief, A&Es Comedy on the Road with John Byner, and the Comcast Comedy Spotlight. In 1991, Mark Ridley’s Comedy Castle produced and hosted the Emmy Award winning “Funny Side of the Street”, Mark Ridley’s Comedy Castle promoted the taping of Kathleen Madigan’s 2013 comedy special “Madigan Again”, filmed at the Royal Oak Music Theater. Mark Ridley’s Comedy Castle hosted the first Detroit International Comedy Festival in 2008, the following year, Mark Ridley produced and filmed the Detroit International Comedy Festival for theatrical and home video release. In 2010, Lewis Black emceed and headlined the festival, the Comedy Castle also produced Laugh-a-Palooza each year, featuring many up and coming comedians from around the United States and Canada. Local comedian Bill Bushart, who the Metro Times named “Detroit’s Best Comedian 2010, a month after opening its doors, Tim Allen walked on stage for the first time. For years, the Comedy Castle was Allen’s home club, in 2015, Allen admitted to stealing a tile from the floor of the original Comedy Castle on Jimmy Kimmel Live. Mark Ridley’s Comedy Castle’s first headliner was Mike Binder, then trying to break out as a stand-up comedian and he was living in Los Angeles at the time and called Mark Ridley to ask if he could be the Comedy Castle’s first headliner. Other notable comedians and performers that got their start at the Comedy Castle are Paul Feig, J. Chris Newberg, and Dax Shepard. Comedian and actor Bob Saget was a headliner at the Comedy Castle, where he met future Full House co-star Dave Coulier. In 1996, Bill Engvall recorded his comedy album “Here’s Your Sign” at the Comedy Castle. Both albums were certified gold and platinum, the only club that comedian Kathleen Madigan will work outside of her normal theater tour is Mark Ridley’s Comedy Castle. Comedians who have performed in the include, Comedy Castle Official Website
32.
Royal Oak, Michigan
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Royal Oak is a city in Oakland County of the U. S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 57,236. It is the 8th-largest municipality in Oakland County and the 27th largest municipality in Michigan by population, Royal Oak was incorporated as a village, in 1891, and as a city in 1921. The name originated in 1819, during one of Territorial Governor Lewis Cass surveying expeditions, in the 1920s, Father Charles Coughlin became the founding pastor of the Shrine of the Little Flower, a prominent landmark in the city. Through his ministry, he raised funds to build the present limestone Church complex, throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, Royal Oaks downtown grew into an entertainment and nightlife destination. A number of condominiums and lofts have been built in the area. The city also has a Farmers Market located at the corner of 11 Mile Road and Troy Street, the present structure was erected in the spring of 1927 and dedicated July 1 of that year. Downtown Royal Oak features an assortment of nightlife venues, including the Royal Oak Music Theatre. Royal Oak is home to the Detroit Zoo, one of the leading tourist attractions. Mark Ridleys Comedy Castle, a club, was an early venue for performers such as Tim Allen. The many restaurants range in fare from take-out sandwiches to high-end establishments specializing in cuisines like Italian, Belgian, Nepali, pubs include biker bars, dance clubs, upscale breweries, sports bars, and rooftop bars. During the summer, downtown Royal Oak becomes host to hordes of motorcycle enthusiasts from around Metro Detroit, on Wednesday nights Main Street is often lined with Harley-Davidsons, whereas on Thursday night the streets fill up with sport bikes. Royal Oak encompasses a major span of the Woodward Dream Cruise, the city sponsors ancillary events around the Cruise. The popular 1990s sitcom Home Improvement was set in Royal Oak, in 2008, three movies were filmed in Royal Oak. Scenes from Prayers for Bobby, Youth in Revolt and Gran Torino were filmed in the downtown area, in 2009, the remake of Red Dawn had several scenes filmed in Royal Oak neighborhoods. In December 2009 it was announced that the Arts, Beats and Eats festival would be moved from Pontiac to Royal Oak, Royal Oak is also the setting for the popular Nickelodeon show, The Loud House. However, the town goes by the name of Royal Woods. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.79 square miles
33.
The Comedy Store
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The Comedy Store is a comedy club located in West Hollywood, California, at 8433 Sunset Boulevard on the Sunset Strip. It has a comedy club in La Jolla, San Diego. The Comedy Store was opened in April 1972 by comedians Sammy Shore, the building was formerly the home of Ciros, a popular Hollywood nightclub owned by William Wilkerson, and later a rock and roll venue, where The Byrds were discovered in 1964. When the venue reopened as The Comedy Store in 1972, it included a 99-seat theatre, as a result of a divorce settlement, Sammy Shores ex-wife Mitzi Shore began operating the club in 1973, and she was able to buy the building in 1976. She immediately renovated and expanded the club to include a 450-seat main room, in 1974, The Comedy Store hosted the wedding reception of newlyweds Liza Minnelli and Jack Haley, Jr. The Comedy Club signage was covered, for the evening, by signs reading Ciros, the event was attended by many dozens of Hollywood glitterati, including Elizabeth Taylor, Johnny Carson, Ceasar Romero and other stars, past and present. The soiree was so grand that Sunset Boulevard was temporarily blocked by police to allow Hollywood royalty to arrive in their limos unmolested by photographers and reporters, beginning in 1979, The Comedy Store served for many years as the host location for the annual HBO Young Comedians specials. Also in 1979, stand-up comedians formed a short-lived labor union, for six weeks, several famous comedians staged a protest in front of the club, while others crossed the picket line. The comedians involved formed a union called Comedians for Compensation and fought for pay where they had received none before and they eventually picketed in front of the club when their demands were not met. Jay Leno and David Letterman were among those on the line while Garry Shandling. The job action was not legally a strike as the comedians were classified as independent contractors and were not under contract with the club, Mitzi Shore argued that the club was and had always been a showcase and training ground for young comedians and was not about profits. She alleged that comedians came to the club and could work on their material in front of casting agents, the comedians at the club became unhappy when the club was expanded several times and it was perceived that Shores profits were quite substantial. Shore also paid the rest of her staff, including waitresses, after the strike some comedians were no longer allowed to perform at the club, including Steve Lubetkin, who committed suicide by jumping off the roof of the Continental Hyatt House next door. His suicide note included the line, My name is Steve Lubetkin, I used to work at The Comedy Store. Lubetkin hoped that his suicide would resolve the labor dispute and he also cited Shore as the reason he no longer had a job. The union ceased to exist in 1980, although from the time of the job action onward and this included The Comedy Store and The Improv. The history of the young comedians coming to Los Angeles in the 1970s, the Comedy Store was featured in an episode of the supernatural documentary, Unsolved Mysteries, which told reports of The Comedy Store being haunted. Comedians Blake Clark and Joey Gaynor told their stories of their encounters with the paranormal, an Interview with Sammy Shore, Comedy Store Founder, June 2011 The Comedy Store
34.
American Broadcasting Corporation
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
35.
Sitcom
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A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries, a situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programs production format. The effect of a studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. The terms situational comedy or sitcom werent commonly used until the 1950s, there were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be Pinwrights Progress, ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many U. S. UK sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation, in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies Bless This House and Are You Being Served, had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time. In 1981, Daily at Dawn was the first Australian comedy series to feature a gay character. In 1987, Mother and Son was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission, in 2013, Please Like Me was praised by the critics, receiving an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris. And has garnered three awards and numerous nominations, nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series. Conversely, however, Canadian television has had greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series. The popular show King of Kensington, aired from 1975 to 1980, corner Gas, which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards, other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included Call Me Fitz and Schitts Creek, Letterkenny and Kims Convenience. Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa. Gliding On, a popular sit-com in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama. The first Russian sitcom series was Strawberry, which was aired in 1996-1997 on the RTR channel, however, the boom of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s - when in 2004 the STS started very successful sitcom My Fair Nanny. Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country - STS and TNT, in 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom - Daddys Daughters, and in 2010 TNT released Interns - the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy. Most American sitcoms generally include episodes of 20 to 30 minutes in length, some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the U. S
36.
Disney
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
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