1.
1971 German Grand Prix
–
The 1971 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring on 1 August 1971. The race returned to the Nürburgring after a year at the Hockenheimring after the safety was improved on the track, the race distance was shortened to 12 laps. Notable driver changes included Vic Elford, who replaced Pedro Rodríguez, jackie Stewart took pole and dominated the race, leading home a Tyrrell 1-2. Clay Regazzoni finished third with Mario Andretti, Ronnie Peterson and Tim Schenken rounding out the points. Mike Beuttler was disqualified on the lap after entering the pits via the short chute, after suffering a flat tire just after passing the pits. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings, archived from the original on 16 January 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2010
2.
Gordon, New South Wales
–
East Gordon is a locality within Gordon and West Gordon within West Pymble. The name Gordon first appears as the name of the parish covering most of the upper north shore. This is believed to commemorate Sir Willoughby Gordon, with whom he had served during the Peninsular War, the survey parish, and later suburb and municipality of Willoughby also commemorates his name. Settlement of the area commenced about 1820, the early settlement at Gordon was originally known as Lane Cove. The earliest school at Lane Cove, as Gordon was then known, was established at the behest of Governor Macquarie in 1816, the first Lane Cove Post Office opened on 1 February 1860. The name of the village and Post Office was changed to Gordon, after the Gordondale estate of Robert McIntosh, Gordon Railway Station on the North Shore Line was built in 1888. Gordon Public School, now used as a library, was constructed in 1878 on the Pacific Highway, a Gothic Revival style was used in accordance with the tradition that educational buildings, like churches, were designed in a Gothic style. A second block was added in 1912, the school was originally called Lane Cove School, and the name was officially changed to Gordon Public School in November 1885. The school buildings are one of the few remaining buildings date back to the pioneering days of northern Sydney. It is listed on the Register of the National Estate, the Gordon Public School was closed in 1989, however East Gordon Public School and West Gordon Public School remain nearby. Annie Wyatt was the founder of the National Trust in Australia and she lived for a time in a single-storey cottage in Park Avenue. Gordon railway station is on the North Shore, Northern & Western Line of the Sydney Trains network with frequent commuter services. The railway station was built in 1888 and has an important heritage relationship with its landscaped gardens, lifts to the platforms have been a recent addition. A bus stop outside the station is a terminus for various routes including those to St Ives, West Pymble, Mona Vale/Warriewood and these are operated by two different bus companies, Transdev NSW and Forest Coach Lines. At the 2011 census,28. 9% of employed people travelled to work on public transport and 47. 6% by car, churches in Gordon comprise, St Johns Anglican Church, Gordon Uniting Church, Gordon Baptist Church and The Liberal Catholic Church of St. Francis. Gordon is home to two schools, Gordon East Public School Ravenswood School for Girls Gordon West Public School is named for the suburb, Gordon has a commercial area with many shops and restaurants along the Pacific Highway and around Gordon railway station. Gordon Centre, is a shopping centre owned by Charter Hall which includes a Harvey Norman, Woolworths, Gordon Centre was originally built as a Farmers & Co department store, now part of Myer, before reopening as Gordon Centre in 1985. Gordon Village Arcade is a shopping arcade also owned by Charter Hall, the administrative buildings for the local government area of Ku-ring-gai Council are located in Gordon
3.
Sydney
–
Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
4.
Formula One
–
Formula One is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950. The formula, designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, the F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads. The results of each race are evaluated using a system to determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers, one for constructors. The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the races are required to be held on tracks graded 1, the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA. Most events are held in locations on purpose-built tracks, but there are several events in city centres throughout the world. Formula One cars are the fastest road racing cars in the world. Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 RPM, the cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of five g in corners. The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronics – although traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 – and on aerodynamics, suspension, the formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport. F1 had a global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season. Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular internationally in the second half of the twentieth century. The Formula One Group is the holder of the commercial rights. Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment, since 2000 the sports spiraling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favoring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy. On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco, the Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, the first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958, national championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for years, but due to the increasing cost of competition
5.
Australia
–
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
6.
1970 Formula One season
–
The 1970 Formula One season was the 24th season of the FIAs Formula One motor racing. It featured the 21st World Championship of Drivers and the 13th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, thirteen races were held between 7 March 1970 and 25 October 1970, with the Championship won by Jochen Rindt and the constructors title by Lotus. Rindt died four races before the end of the season, but had earned enough World Championship points such that no other driver managed to surpass his total by the end of the season. It is the season to date in which the World Championship title has been awarded posthumously. Jacky Ickx driving for Ferrari finished the season strongly, but a 4th-place finish in the penultimate round ensured that Rindts title lead would stand, in the end, all of Rindts points came from his five wins. The following teams and drivers competed in the 1970 World Championship, for the 1970 Formula One season, following an agreement with Simca, Tyrrell were asked by Matra to use their V12 rather than the Cosworth. Stewart tested the Matra V12 and found it inferior to the DFV, the new wedge-shaped Lotus 72 had very innovative car design, featuring torsion bar suspension, hip-mounted radiators, inboard front brakes and an overhanging rear wing. The 72 originally had suspension problems, but when dive and squat were designed out of the suspension the car showed its superiority. Lotus new leader, the Austrian Jochen Rindt, dominated the championship until he was killed at Monza when he crashed into some poorly installed crash barriers right before the Parabolica corner and he took the 1970 title posthumously for Lotus. Jacky Ickx won the Austrian, Canadian and Mexican Grands Prix to come second in the Drivers Championship, had he won the United States Grand Prix instead of Brazilian newcomer Emerson Fittipaldi, Ickx would have been crowned champion. The 1970 season was one of the most tragic in Formula One history,1970 saw the introduction of slick tyres by Goodyear. After a Formula One career that began at the 1955 British Grand Prix, the first round was the South Africa Grand Prix held at the Kyalami circuit between Johannesburg and Pretoria. Jack Brabham won the race in a Brabham BT33, the Spanish Grand Prix took place on the Jarama circuit. The defending champion Jackie Stewart won in a March 701, the Monaco Grand Prix ended in a close finish. At the last corner of the last lap, Jack Brabham skidded off the track, allowing Austrian Jochen Rindt in a Lotus 49 to pass and win the race. Formula One had recently lost one of its top drivers, Bruce McLaren had been killed testing a Can-Am car at the Goodwood circuit in southern England, a chicane had also been inserted at the incredibly fast Malmedy corner to reduce speeds onto the Masta straight. Stewart took pole, followed by New Zealander Chris Amon and Rindt, Rindt took the lead going into Eau Rouge, and once the cars came back around towards La Source, Amon was leading. Then, Stewart took the lead, but then retired his March-Ford/Cosworth with engine problems.1 seconds, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Beltoise took the final podium spot, followed by home favorite Jacky Ickx in a Ferrari
7.
1974 Formula One season
–
The 1974 Formula One season was the 28th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. The season also included three non-championship races and this was also the first title for McLaren and the first of many titles for a team sponsored by the Marlboro cigarette brand. Fittipaldi, Ronnie Peterson and Carlos Reutemann each won three races, Jody Scheckter and Niki Lauda two each, Regazzoni and Denny Hulme, who retired at the end of the season, chris Amons own car, like the Token and the Trojan, was not a success. Two F1 drivers died over the course of the season, Peter Revson in a practice accident at the South African GP in March. The 1974 season was the first in which drivers had permanent racing numbers from race to race, the following teams and drivers contested the 1974 World Championship. In qualifying for the round in Argentina, Ronnie Peterson took pole in his Lotus ahead of Clay Regazzonis Ferrari. Peterson led at the start, whereas fellow front-row starter Regazzoni spun, Fittipaldi was hit by teammate Mike Hailwood and lost two laps while repairing his car, and James Hunt inhereited second whereas Peter Revson, who started fourth, retired in the chaos. Hunt spun before the first lap was over, and second place went to Carlos Reutemanns Brabham, Reutemann passed Peterson on the third lap, and soon the Swede began to fade badly with brake problems. As a result, Mike Hailwood and Denny Hulme in their McLarens were second and third, ahead of Jacky Ickx and Niki Lauda in the second Lotus, Hulme, Ickx and Lauda all passed Hailwood and then Ickx suffered a puncture mid-race and had to pit. Regazzoni was recovering from his spin, and passed Hailwood soon after, Reutemann continued to lead until his engine began to misfire, with Hulme closing in and taking the lead on the penultimate lap. Hulme went on to win, with Lauda and Regazzoni completing the podium after Reutemann ran out of fuel on the last lap, Fittipaldi took a popular home pole in Brazil, beating Reutemann and Lauda. Reutemann, eager to make up after his bad luck in Argentina, took the lead at the start, Reutemann led early on, but was passed by both Peterson and Fittipaldi on lap 4. Peterson battled with former Lotus teammate Fittipaldi for the next 12 laps, Fittipaldi passed him and took the lead, whereas Peterson dropped backwards. Fittipaldi went on to take a victory, with Regazzoni getting second. The field went to South Africa after a two-month break, Lauda took pole position, with Carlos Paces Surtees also on the front row. Arturo Merzario in the Iso-Marlboro team was a third on the grid. At the start, Lauda took the lead, whereas surprise packages Pace, Reutemann was up to second, and he took the lead from Lauda on the tenth lap, and he would remain ahead for the rest of the afternoon. Regazzoni was third ahead of Fittipaldi and Hailwood, but soon Jean-Pierre Beltoises BRM soon passed the two McLarens, as Fittipaldi began to drop back
8.
Frank Williams Racing Cars
–
After Williams backed Courage in a successful 1968 Formula Two season, he purchased a Brabham Formula One car for Courage in 1969. This allegedly angered Jack Brabham, as the car had been sold to Williams with the expectation that it would be used in the Tasman Series, Courage in fact had a great year, taking second place at both the Monaco and US Grands Prix. Their efforts attracted the interest of Italian sports car manufacturer De Tomaso, however, the car was initially uncompetitive, failing to finish the first four races of the year. In the fifth, the Dutch Grand Prix, the De Tomaso 505/38 flipped and caught fire, the death of his friend seriously upset Williams, the subsequent distance the team principal placed between himself and his drivers has been attributed to this event. The team soldiered on, however, first with Brian Redman, with no results, the partnership with De Tomaso was dissolved. For 1971, Williams purchased a year-old March 701, and ran Frenchman Henri Pescarolo, the team later upgraded to a new March 711, but results were difficult to come by. The old car was entered for Max Jean at the French Grand Prix. After the success of 1969, Williams was now low on funds, Pescarolo did, however, keep the outfit ticking over with fourth place at the British Grand Prix and sixth in Austria. From the Brazilian Grand Prix, Carlos Pace was entered in the previous years March 711, the Len Bailey-designed Politoys FX3 was a conventional Cosworth-engined car with a Hewland FG400 gearbox. It debuted in the hands of Pescarolo at the British Grand Prix, but the steering failed, Pescarolo switched back to his March 721 while the Politoys was rebuilt. The Politoys FX3 was reworked as the Iso-Marlboro FX3B and a car was built. Two new drivers were signed, New Zealands Howden Ganley and Italys Nanni Galli, at the first race in Argentina, Galli qualified 16th with Ganley 19th and last on the grid. Gallis engine failed on the first lap, but Ganley finished the race, the team fared better in Brazil with Ganley finishing seventh and Galli ninth. Galli was then injured testing a car and replaced for the following race in South Africa by local driver Jackie Pretorius. Pretorius retired his FX3B at half-distance with overheating problems, but Ganley managed tenth, the FX3B had become obsolete by this time due to new deformable structure regulations and was replaced by the new Iso-Marlboro IR. However, the FX3B was raced in two races at this time, at the 1973 Race of Champions, Tony Trimmer raced an FX3B to fourth place while Ganley retired his car with handling problems. The New Zealander also retired at the FX3Bs last race, the 1973 BRDC International Trophy, introduced at the 1973 Spanish Grand Prix, the Iso-Marlboro IR was driven by eight different drivers during the rest of the 1973 season. Ganley was the regular driver and he scored a point with the car at the Canadian Grand Prix towards the end of the season
9.
Brabham
–
Motor Racing Developments Ltd. commonly known as Brabham /ˈbræbəm/, was a British racing car manufacturer and Formula One racing team. Founded in 1960 by two Australians, driver Jack Brabham and designer Ron Tauranac, the team won four Drivers, Jack Brabhams 1966 Drivers Championship remains the only such achievement using a car bearing the drivers own name. In the 1960s, Brabham was the worlds largest manufacturer of open wheel racing cars for sale to customer teams, during this period, teams using Brabham cars won championships in Formula Two and Formula Three. Brabham cars also competed in the Indianapolis 500 and in Formula 5000 racing, the team won two more Formula One Drivers Championships in the 1980s with Brazilian Nelson Piquet. He won his first championship in 1981 in the Ground effects BT49-Ford, in 1983 the Brabham BT52, driven by Piquet and Italian Riccardo Patrese, was powered by the BMW M12 Straight-4 engine, and powered Brabham to four of the teams 35 Grand Prix victories. British businessman Bernie Ecclestone owned Brabham during most of the 1970s and 1980s, Ecclestone sold the team in 1988. Its last owner was the Middlebridge Group, a Japanese engineering firm, midway through the 1992 season, the team collapsed financially as Middlebridge was unable to make repayments against loans provided by Landhurst Leasing. The case was investigated by the United Kingdom Serious Fraud Office, in 2009, an unsuccessful attempt was made by a German organisation to enter the 2010 Formula One season using the Brabham name. The Brabham team was founded by Jack Brabham and Ron Tauranac, Brabham was the more successful driver and went to the United Kingdom in 1955 to further his racing career. In 1959 and 1960, Brabham won the Formula One World Drivers Championship in Coopers revolutionary mid-engined cars, despite their innovation of putting the engine behind the driver, the Coopers and their Chief Designer Owen Maddock were generally resistant to developing their cars. Brabham pushed for further advances, and played a significant role in developing Coopers highly successful 1960 T53 lowline car, Brabham describes Tauranac as absolutely the only bloke Id have gone into partnership with. Later, Brabham offered a Coventry-Climax FWE-engined version of the Herald, with 83 hp, to meet that aim, Brabham and Tauranac set up Motor Racing Developments Ltd. deliberately avoiding the use of either mans name. Unveiled in the summer of 1961, the MRD was soon renamed, motoring journalist Jabby Crombac pointed out that way a Frenchman pronounces those initials—written phonetically, em air day—sounded perilously like the French word. Gavin Youl achieved a finish at Goodwood and another at Mallory Park in the MRD-Ford. The cars were known as Brabhams, with type numbers starting with BT for Brabham Tauranac. By the 1961 Formula One season, the Lotus and Ferrari teams had developed the approach further than Cooper. The Brabham Racing Organisation started the year fielding a customer Lotus chassis, Brabham took two points finishes in Lotuses, before the turquoise-liveried Brabham BT3 car made its debut at the 1962 German Grand Prix. It retired with a problem after 9 of the 15 laps
10.
Surtees
–
The Surtees Racing Organisation was a race team that spent nine seasons as a constructor in Formula One, Formula 2, and Formula 5000. The team was formed by John Surtees, a four-time 500cc motorcycle champion, Surtees formed the team in 1966 for the newly formed CanAm series, winning the championship as an owner/driver in its first year. He fielded an entry in another newly formed series in 1969, becoming part of Formula 5000 after taking over the failed Leda F5000 project and his team was successful, winning five races, consecutively, during a twelve race season. This inspired Surtees to expand to Formula One, and after having had a season with BRM in 1969. The team ran the full 1970 season, but Surtees, himself, was forced to run the first four races in an old McLaren because of a delay in the construction of his in-house F1 car. The new BP-sponsored car earned its first points that year in the Canadian Grand Prix, Surtees added a second full-time car in 1971 for German driver Rolf Stommelen, and ran a third car for various drivers in a number of races. Three drivers, Surtees, Stommelen, and Mike Hailwood earned three points each for the marque that year, after the 1971 season, Surtees retired from full-time competition, and the team ended up with three new full-time drivers in 1972. Hailwood returned to Surtees for a year, joining him were Australian Tim Schenken and Italian Andrea de Adamich. Hailwood produced Surtees first podium finish that year in the Italian Grand Prix, all three drivers scored points for the team, and Surtees finished fifth in the constructors championship. Schenken was replaced in 1973 by Brazilian Carlos Pace, and the team ran two full-time cars after de Adamich left following the season opener. Pace finished third in Austria and fourth in Germany, but it was the only points finishes the team had all season, Hailwood departed for McLaren after the year, being replaced by Jochen Mass in 1974. A fourth place by Pace at his track were the only points Surtees managed to get. Low on money for 1975, the team pared back to a car for John Watson. The season was a struggle for Surtees, with no points scored. 1976 was much better, however, as Surtees landed an otherwise controversial sponsorship deal with Durex condoms, Jones finished fifth in Belgium and at Brands Hatch, and fourth in Japan. A second car, with Chesterfield sponsorship, was entered for American Brett Lunger, with seven points, Surtees placed tenth in the Constructors Championship. Joness success resulted in him leaving the team for the emerging Shadow team, and money problems forced Surtees to run one car again in 1977. Brambillas season was effective, also finishing in the three times
11.
Team Lotus
–
Team Lotus was the motorsport sister company of English sports car manufacturer Lotus Cars. The team ran cars in motorsport series, including Formula One, Formula Two, Formula Ford, Formula Junior, IndyCar. The Lotus name returned to Formula One in 2010, as the name of Tony Fernandess Lotus Racing team. In 2011, Team Lotuss iconic black-and-gold livery returned to F1 as the livery of the Lotus Renault GP team, sponsored by Lotus Cars, colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. Lotus achieved rapid success with the 1953 Mk 6 and the 1954 Mk 8 sports cars, Team Lotus was split off from Lotus Engineering in 1954. A new Formula Two regulation was announced for 1957, and in Britain, the following year, the Lotus 12 appeared. Driving one in 1958, Allison won the F2 class in the International Trophy at Silverstone, beating Stuart Lewis-Evanss Cooper. As the Coventry Climax engines were enlarged in 1952 to 2. 2-litres, Chapman decided to enter Grand Prix racing, running a pair of Lotus 12s at Monaco in 1958 for Graham Hill and these were replaced later that year by Lotus 16s. By then, the success had caused it to expand to such an extent that it had to move to new premises at Cheshunt. The first Formula One victory for Team Lotus came when Innes Ireland won the 1961 United States Grand Prix, a year earlier, Stirling Moss had recorded the first victory for a Lotus car at Monaco in his Lotus 18 entered by the independent Rob Walker Racing Team. There were successes in Formula Two and Formula Junior, the road car business was doing well with the Lotus Seven and the Lotus Elite and this was followed by the Lotus Elan in 1962. In 1963 Clark drove the Lotus 25 to a remarkable seven wins in a season and won the World Championship. The 1964 title was still for the taking by the time of the last race in Mexico but problems with Clarks Lotus, however, in 1965, Clark dominated again, six wins in his Lotus 33 gave him the championship. While very innovative, Chapman also came under criticism for the fragility of his designs. In Dave Friedmans book Indianapolis Memories 1961–1969, Dan Gurney is quoted as saying and we had several structural failures in those cars. But at the time, I felt it was the price you paid for getting something significantly better, a switch to the new Ford Cosworth DFV, designed by former Lotus employee Keith Duckworth, in 1967 returned the team to winning form. Although they failed to win the title in 1967, by the end of the season, the Lotus 49, however, for 1968 Lotus had lost its exclusive right to use the DFV. The season-opening 1968 South African Grand Prix confirmed Lotuss superiority, with Jim Clark and it would be Clarks last win
12.
1970 Austrian Grand Prix
–
The 1970 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Österreichring on 16 August 1970. This was the second Austrian Grand Prix and the first Formula One race at the scenic Österreichring, built to replace the bumpy, the 60-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Jacky Ickx after he started from third position. His teammate Clay Regazzoni finished second and Brabham driver Rolf Stommelen came in third and it was the only podium finish for the German driver Rolf Stommelen. Last start, Jochen Rindt Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
13.
1974 United States Grand Prix
–
The 1974 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on October 6,1974, at the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race Course in Watkins Glen, New York. This was the last race for the 1967 world champion Denny Hulme, Carlos Reutemann won from the pole, ahead of Brabham teammate Carlos Pace, while Emerson Fittipaldis fourth place clinched his second World Championship in three years and the first for Team McLaren. American Mario Andretti, after qualifying in an excellent third position, was disqualified when the engine in his Parnelli stalled on the grid and his crew push started him. Knowing that tactics could play an important role in the race, Andretti gave the home crowd a charge when he was fastest on Friday in the British-designed, California-built Vels Parnelli Jones car, just two weeks after its Canadian debut. His time of 1,39.209 still had him on the provisional pole halfway through Saturdays session, by the time Andretti returned to the track, with ten minutes left in the session, Reutemann and Hunt had pipped him and he would start third. Donahue, in the race for the Penske First National City Travelers Checks Special, made less of a splash. He and Penske were both pleased, however, with his 14th position in final qualifying, Scheckter was the top qualifying championship contender, in sixth, with Fittipaldi directly behind him in eighth and Regazzoni in ninth. Sunday was a day, clear and warm. On the parade lap, Andretti developed a fault. Finally, Mario took his place on the grid, but when starter Tex Hopkins dropped the flag, the Parnelli car sat still. His crew eventually got the car push started two laps late, but Andretti was black-flagged for getting assistance on the course, from the start, Reutemann led James Hunt, Pace, Niki Lauda, Scheckter, Fittipaldi and Regazzoni. Gradually, the gap between Reutemann and Hunt widened, and by the end of the lap, it was clear that all was not right with Regazzoni. On lap 15, Regazzoni pitted in desperation, but a tire change didnt improve his car, the Ferrari pit now told Lauda to go on, and he quickly pulled 2.5 seconds clear of Scheckter. Fittipaldi made half-hearted attempts to outbrake the Tyrrell, but, with Regazzoni out of the picture, he knew if he could stay close. Beginning on lap 24, a faulty shock absorber slowed Lauda, Regazzoni pitted again, as the crew adjusted the rear anti-roll bar, but the Ferrari challenge was crumbling. When Lauda came in on lap 38, the crew discovered the offending shock absorber, insistent on fighting to the end, Scheckter continued to hold fourth, ahead of Fittipaldi, throwing the Tyrrell around in opposite lock slides, as the McLaren clung to his gearbox. On the 44th lap, Scheckters engine suddenly lost fuel pressure when a pipe broke. He coasted to a stop as Fittipaldi slashed by, knowing that a second World Championship in three years was his, after the race, Scheckter admitted that he knew he was holding Fittipaldi up
14.
Auto racing
–
Auto racing is a sport involving the racing of automobiles for competition. Almost as soon as automobiles had been invented, races of various sorts were organised, by the 1930s specialist racing cars had developed. There are now numerous different categories, each with different rules and it was won by the carriage of Isaac Watt Boulton. Internal combustion auto racing events began soon after the construction of the first successful gasoline-fueled automobiles, the first organized contest was on April 28,1887, by the chief editor of Paris publication Le Vélocipède, Monsieur Fossier. It ran 2 kilometres from Neuilly Bridge to the Bois de Boulogne, on July 22,1894, the Parisian magazine Le Petit Journal organized what is considered to be the worlds first motoring competition, from Paris to Rouen. One hundred and two competitors paid a 10-franc entrance fee, the first American automobile race is generally held to be the Thanksgiving Day Chicago Times-Herald race of November 28,1895. Press coverage of the event first aroused significant American interest in the automobile, brooklands, in Surrey, was the first purpose-built motor racing venue, opening in June 1907. It featured a 4.43 km concrete track with high-speed banked corners, One of the oldest existing purpose-built automobile racing circuits in the United States, still in use, is the 2. 5-mile -long Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. It is the largest capacity venue of any variety worldwide, with a top capacity of some 257. NASCAR was founded by Bill France, Sr. on February 21,1948, the first NASCAR Strictly Stock race ever was held on June 19,1949, at Daytona Beach, Florida. From 1962, sports cars temporarily took a seat to GT cars. From 1972 through 2003, NASCARs premier series was called the Winston Cup Series, the changes that resulted from RJRs involvement, as well as the reduction of the schedule from 48 to 31 races a year, established 1972 as the beginning of NASCARs modern era. The IMSA GT Series evolved into the American Le Mans Series, the European races eventually became the closely related Le Mans Series, both of which mix prototypes and GTs. The best-known variety of racing, Formula One, which hosts the famous Monaco Grand Prix. In single-seater, the wheels are not covered, and the cars often have aerofoil wings front, in Europe and Asia, open-wheeled racing is commonly referred to as Formula, with appropriate hierarchical suffixes. In North America, the Formula terminology is not followed, the sport is usually arranged to follow an international format, a regional format, and/or a domestic, or country-specific, format. In North America, the used in the National Championship have traditionally been similar though less sophisticated than F1 cars. The series most famous race is the Indianapolis 500, the other major international single-seater racing series is GP2
15.
1971 Austrian Grand Prix
–
The 1971 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Österreichring on 15 August 1971. It was the round of the 1971 Formula One season. The 54-lap race was won by BRM driver Jo Siffert after he started from pole position, Emerson Fittipaldi finished second for the Lotus team and Brabham driver Tim Schenken came in third. This was the race of the future world champion Niki Lauda. Jo Siffert took a pole position from Jackie Stewart and led away at the start from Clay Regazzoni. The front two drew away from the pack, where Regazzoni was duelling with François Cevert and Ickx was dropping back with mechanical problems, on lap 21, Stewart-with a poorly handling car-allowed Cevert through so he could chase Siffert. Further down the field, there were two Brabham-Lotus battles, with Tim Schenken duelling with Emerson Fittipaldi and Reine Wisell trading places with Graham Hill. By lap 32, Ickx had retired with a spark plug problem, Regazzoni had an engine blow up and Fittipaldi had passed Schenken, on lap 36, Stewarts race ended with a violent accident - his left rear driveshaft broke and the wheel was torn off. He emerged unhurt to be greeted as World Champion following Ickxs retirement, Cevert was chasing down Siffert, but with 12 laps to go his gearbox exploded. Fittipaldi was now carving out the BRMs lead, due to a left-rear puncture for the Swiss. However he managed to nurse the car home for a popular victory by 4 seconds. Schenken was 3rd, with Wisell pipping Hill for 4th place - the Englishman was another to suffer a puncture in the dying stages, Jackie Stewart won the Drivers Championship with 3 races left to go. This was the first Grand Prix for future world champion. The only podium for Tim Schenken, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
16.
1971 BRDC International Trophy
–
The 23rd BRDC International Trophy meeting - formally the GEN/Daily Express BRDC International Trophy - was held on 8 May 1971 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run to Formula One and Formula 5000 regulations, graham Hill emerged the winner in the unique Brabham BT34 lobster-claw car, designed by Ron Tauranac. It would be the two-time World Champions last victory in a Formula One race, the 1971 event was also notable as one of the few competitive outings for the Lotus 56 gas turbine car. The race incorporated Round 5 of the 1971 Rothmans European Formula 5000 Championship
17.
1972 International Gold Cup
–
The 19th International Gold Cup was a non-championship Formula One race, which was held on the Oulton Park circuit, located near Tarporley, Cheshire, England on 29 May 1972. The race had been brought forward to the Bank Holiday weekend in the hope of attracting more entries, however, a competing Formula Two race at Crystal Palace took away some potential entrants. As a result, ten of the cars that had competed in the European Formula 5000 round earlier in the day joined the eight Formula One cars on the grid. Peter Gethin took pole position for the Marlboro BRM, in their BRM P160B, denny Hulme in a McLaren M19A was second fastest, just 0.2 of a second behind. The fastest of the F5000 cars was Alan Rollinson in fifth, the race was held over 40 laps of the Oulton Park circuit. Denny Hulme took the spoils for Yardley Team McLaren, driving their McLaren-Cosworth M19A. Hulme won in a time of 1hr 24. 400mins, averaging a speed of 115.408 mph. The second car home was that of Emerson Fittipaldi, for the John Player Team Lotus in their Cosworth powered Lotus 72D, the podium was completed by Tim Schenken, in a Surtees-Cosworth TS9B for Team Surtees outfit albeit one lap adrift. The first F5000 car home was that of Brian Redman in a Sid Taylor Racing entered, Chevron-Chevrolet B24 in fourth
18.
Rondel Racing
–
Rondel Racing was a British racing team that competed in the Formula Two series between 1971 and 1973. The team was founded by two ex-Brabham mechanics Ron Dennis and Neil Trundle, at the end of the 1970 Formula One season, driver and team owner Jack Brabham retired from the sport and sold his shares in the Brabham team to Ron Tauranac. Jack Brabhams chief mechanic, Ron Dennis and his friend and colleague, Neil Trundle, the Brabham BT36 cars initially used by the team were bought on hire purchase from Tauranac. However, Dennis was trying to find sponsorship, Vlassopulos asked his friend Ken Grob, chairman of Alexander Howden, insurance brokers in London if he was interested in joining in. Grob said yes on the proviso that his young son Ian Grob could be part of the team, from that moment forward, Tony Vlassopulos became Dennis first sponsor. The name Rondel, came from the first name of Ron Dennis, Rondel were based in Old Windsor, Berkshire. For their first season the team attracted two-time Formula One World Champion Graham Hill and he was joined by his Brabham Formula One team-mate Tim Schenken. Trundle was responsible for preparing Schenkens car whilst Dennis prepared Hills car, at the teams first race at Hockenheim, Hill won his heat and came second to François Cevert overall. Hill secured Rondel their first outright victory only a later in the second round of that years European Formula Two Championship at the BARC200 event. Schenken achieved three second places finishes during the season, mid-season the team entered a third car, driven by Bob Wollek. Wollek qualified for two races, achieving a best finish of sixth position, due to his Formula One success, Hill had an A grading, and was unable to score championship points in the races. Schenken and Wollek however were, with Schenken finishing in place in the championship. French oil company Motul agreed to sponsor the team from the 1972 season onward, Bob Wollek also remained with the team and Carlos Reutemann joined from Automóvil Club Argentina. Initially, it was intended Reutemann would compete full-time in the F2 series with Rondel, however, from the middle of the season Brabham fielded a third car allowing Reutemann to contest all the remaining F1 races causing him to miss the F2 race at Albi, France. Even so, he finished the championship in fourth position, equaling Tim Schenkens achievement for the team the previous season, Schenken gave the team their other victory in the championship finale in Hockenheim. For the 1973 season, Rondel aspired to be more than a customer car team, the result was the Motul M1 which was named for the teams sponsor. Up to five Motul M1s were fielded by the team in a race, Pescarolo won the race, with Wollek in second giving Rondel their first one-two finish. Partway through the 1973, the moved to a new factory in Feltham
19.
1971 European Formula Two Championship
–
The 1971 European Formula Two season was contested over 11 rounds. Note, Race 1,7,8 and 10 were held in two heats, with results shown in aggregate, Race 2,5 and 6 were held with two semi-final heats and the final run, with time only shown for the final. Race 2,4,5 and 9 was won by a graded driver, for every race points were awarded,9 points to the winner,6 for runner-up,4 for third place,3 for fourth place,2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. No driver had a point deduction, note, Only drivers which were not graded were able to score points
20.
Tiga Race Cars
–
Tiga Race Cars Ltd. was a British auto racing constructor and team. The company was founded in 1974 by two former Formula 1 drivers, Australian Tim Schenken and New Zealander Howden Ganley, the companys name was formed by the first two letters of Tim and Ganley. Tiga constructed racing cars for various forms of open wheel racing, nearly 400 chassis were sold by Tiga before the company folded in 1989. The rights to use the name of Tiga Race Cars were purchased by racing driver, the newly relaunched racing car manufacturer developed a Speed Euroseries CN car, the Tiga CN012 for the 2012 season. The cars engine was changed over from its original Zytek V8 to the Judd Power HK, Tiga planned to offer the car for sale to potential customers in time for the 2014 season but the car never raced
21.
Howden Ganley
–
James Howden Ganley is a former racing driver from New Zealand. From 1971 to 1974 he participated in 41 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix and he placed 4th twice and scored points 5 times for a total of 10 championship points. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races, when he was thirteen years old, he attended the 1955 New Zealand Grand Prix at Ardmore which inspired him and provided him with an impetus to follow a career in racing. Immediately after leaving school, Ganley became a reporter for the Waikato Times and he moved to the United Kingdom in 1961 and pursued a career as a mechanic. Between 1960 and 1962, Ganley competed in events throughout New Zealand driving a Lotus Eleven. Throughout this period, he was earning a living by working as a foreman for a concreting company, in 1970, Ganley finished second to Peter Gethin in the European Formula 5000 championship. This caught the attention of the BRM Formula One team, who signed him to a contract for 1971, in 1970, Ganley finished the European Formula 5000 Championship in 2nd place with help from his friend and mechanic Barry Ultahan. In 1971, Ganley started off the season promisingly with fifth place at the non-championship Race of Champions. At the end of 1971, having scored two points finishes during the year, Ganley was awarded the Wolfgang von Trips Memorial Trophy for the best performance by a newcomer to Grand Prix racing. In 1972 Ganley raced for the Marlboro BRM team and finished 13th in the Championship with 4 points and his highest finish for the season was 4th at the Nürburgring. For the 1973 season Ganley signed up to drive an Iso-Marlboro car for Frank Williams Racing, at the 1973 Canadian Grand Prix he was almost declared the winner because of a timing mix up with the pace car, when the results were corrected, Ganley was classified sixth. A suspension failure in practice for the 1974 German Grand Prix left Ganley with serious foot, in 1975 a Ganley F1 project was initiated. The Ganley-Cosworth 001 car was hand-built by Howden Ganley on his premises at Windsor and it was almost readied, and Ganley had two DFV engines at hand, but it never ran in anger. Ganley eventually used the equipment to start Tiga Race Cars with fellow driver Tim Schenken the following year, Ganley and François Cevert drove a Matra-Simca MS670 to second place in the 197224 Hours of Le Mans. In 1976 Ganley and former Formula One driver Australian Tim Schenken founded Tiga Race Cars as a British-based race car constructor, the team had plans to compete in Formula One in 1978, but the project did not proceed due to sponsorship withdrawal
22.
Sports 2000
–
Sports 2000 is a restricted-rules class of two-seat, rear-engined, open-cockpit, full-bodied sports-prototype racecar used largely in amateur road racing. S2000 aerodynamics continued to evolve beyond their 1970s Group 6 roots, in the UK S2000 was largely seen as an alternative to front-engined Clubmans racing, a class for amateurs who were often deeply involved in developing their own cars over periods of years. One such series was the American Cities Racing League where the teams represented cities much as in stick-and-ball sports and this series used the uprated Cosworth/Ford YAC engine. Another series was the North American Pro Series or NAPS which visited many of the classic roadrace circuits in the U. S. and was often a race for IMSA weekends. Later this series became the Oldsmobile Pro Series running the Oldsmobile Quad 4 engine, in Sports 2000 racing in the UK, the Pinto engine has recently been replaced with the Mazda-based Ford Duratec engine, although Pintos continue to compete as a separate class. In South Africa, an innovative transverse engined version of the Sports 2000 participated in a successful national series throughout the 1990s. Early Sports 2000 cars are now of a sufficient age that they are being welcomed by several vintage racing sanctioning bodies in the US. Companies that manufactured Sports 2000 chassis include, Carbir, Chevron, Crossle, Lola, March, MCR, Reynard, Rotor, Royale, Shannon, Swift, Tiga Race Cars and Van Diemen
23.
Supercars Championship
–
The Supercars Championship is a touring car racing category based in Australia and run as an International Series under Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile regulations. Supercars events take place in all Australian states and the Northern Territory, an international round is held in New Zealand, while events have previously been held in China, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and the United States. A non-championship event is held in support of the Australian Grand Prix. The series is broadcast in 137 countries and has an average event attendance of over 100,000, the vehicles used in the series are loosely based on road-going, four-door saloon cars. Cars are custom made using a chassis, with only certain body panels being common between the road cars and race cars. To ensure parity between each make of car, many components are utilised. All cars must use a 5. 0-litre, naturally aspirated V8 engine, originally only for Ford Falcons and Holden Commodores, the New Generation V8 Supercar regulations, introduced in 2013, opened up the series to more manufacturers. Nissan were the first new manufacturer to commit to the series with four Nissan Altimas, Volvo entered the series in 2014 with Garry Rogers Motorsport racing the Volvo S60. The concept of a formula centred around V8-engined Fords and Holdens for the Australian Touring Car Championship had been established as early as mid-1991, however, CAMS was waiting to see what the FIA did with its proposed international formula for 2.5 and 2. 0-litre touring cars. The new rules for the ATCC were announced in November 1991, during 1992, CAMS looked at closing the performance gap between the classes, only to have protests from Ford and Holden, who didnt want to see their cars beaten by the smaller cars. In June 1992, the structure was confirmed, Class A, Australian-produced 5. 0-litre V8-engined Fords. Class B,2. 0-litre cars complying with FIA Class II Touring Car regulations, Class C, normally aspirated two-wheel drive cars complying with 1992 CAMS Group 3A Touring Car regulations. This class would only be eligible in 1993, both the Ford EB Falcon and Holden VP Commodore ran American-based engines which were restricted to 7,500 rpm and a compression ratio of 10,1. The V8s were first eligible to compete in the races of 1992. Cars from all three classes would contest the 1993 Australian Touring Car Championship as well as non-championship Australian touring car events such as the Bathurst 1000, however, for the purposes of race classification and points allocation, cars competed in two classes, Over 2, 000cc. Originally the 2. 0-litre class cars competed in a race to the V8s. This was changed for the round of 1993, after there were only nine entrants in the 2. 0-litre class for the first round at Amaroo Park. After round five at Winton, Holden was granted a new front, the BMWs were also allowed a new splitter and a full DTM-specification rear wing
24.
Australian Grand Prix
–
The Australian Grand Prix is a motor race held annually in Australia currently under contract to host Formula One until 2023. The Grand Prix is the oldest surviving motor racing held in Australia having been held 79 times since it was first run at Phillip Island in 1928. Since 1985, the race has been a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship and is held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit at Albert Park in Melbourne. Prior to its inclusion in the World Championship, it was held at a multitude of venues in state of Australia. It was a centrepiece of the Tasman Series in most years between 1964 and 1972 and was a round of the Australian Drivers Championship on many occasions between 1957 and 1983. It became part of the Formula One World Championship in 1985 and was held at the Adelaide Street Circuit in Adelaide, South Australia, from year to 1995. The Australian Grand Prix is the first round of the Championship, having been the first race of each year, excluding 2006 and 2010, since the event moved to Melbourne. During its years in Adelaide, the Australian Grand Prix was the round of the Championship. As the final round of the season, the Grand Prix hosted a handful of memorable races, most notably the 1986 and 1994 races which saw the 1986 and 1994 World Drivers Championships decided. Frenchman Alain Prost is the driver to win the Australian Grand Prix in both non-championship and World Championship formats, having won the race in 1982,1986. The current naming rights sponsor of the event is Swiss watchmaker Rolex, the most recent race, the 2017 Australian Grand Prix, was won by Sebastian Vettel driving for Ferrari. The Australian Grand Prix is contracted to remain at its current Melbourne location until at least 2023, the inaugural race was won by Arthur Waite in what was effectively an entry supported by the Austin Motor Company, a modified Austin 7. For eight years, races, first called the Australian Grand Prix in 1929 and this was the era of the Australian special, mechanical concoctions of disparate chassis and engine that were every bit as capable as the Grand Prix machines imported from Europe. For all the ingenuity of the early Australian mechanic-racers, Bugattis dominated the results, the last Phillip Island race was in 1935 and the title lapsed for three years. One more race was held, at the Lobethal Circuit near theSouth Australian town of Lobethal in 1939, in the immediate post-war era, racing was sparse with competitors using pre-war cars with supplies cobbled together around the rationing of fuel and tyres. Mount Panorama held the first post-war Grand Prix in 1947, beginning a system between the Australian States, as fostered by the Australian Automobile Association. Grand Prix machinery had already been filtering through in the shape of older Maserati and OSCAs, the end of the Australian specials was coming, but the magnificent Maybach-based series of specials driven exuberantly by Stan Jones would give many hope for the next few years. Jack Brabham took his first of three AGP wins in 1955 at the short Port Wakefield Circuit in South Australia, the race is significant in that Brabham was driving a Bristol powered Cooper T40, the first ever rear-engine car to win the Grand Prix
25.
2008 Singapore Grand Prix
–
It was the fifteenth race of the 2008 Formula One season, the 800th Formula One World Championship race overall, the first ever Formula One race held at night and the ninth Singapore Grand Prix. This was also the first time Singapore hosted a Formula One race, the 61-lap race was won by Fernando Alonso for the Renault team from 15th on the grid. Nico Rosberg claimed second in his Williams followed by McLarens Lewis Hamilton, Felipe Massa of Ferrari started from pole position. Drivers Championship leader Hamilton was second while reigning world champion Kimi Räikkönen qualified third and they continued in this order until Renaults Nelson Piquet, Jr. spun out and crashed on lap 14, bringing out the safety car. The leading drivers all pitted when the pit lane was opened, Massa prematurely left the pit box with his fuel hose still attached and dropped to last place. Alonso, who had pitted before the safety car was deployed, subsequently took the lead, Nico Rosberg managed to finish second despite incurring a stop-go penalty and Hamilton completed the podium in third. Red Bull Racings David Coulthard finished 7th, scoring the points of his career. Kazuki Nakajima also scored his final points, the result saw Hamilton extend his lead in the Drivers standings to 7 points over Massa, who failed to score. McLaren also took over the lead in the Constructors Championship by one point from Ferrari, the Renault team were handed a disqualification from F1, which was suspended for two years pending any further rule infringements. Briatore was banned from all FIA-sanctioned events for life, while Symonds was banned for five years. However, Briatore and Symonds sued the FIA in French courts, and on January 5,2010, the Tribunal de Grande Instance overturned the ban which had been put in place on both men. In early 2007, talks of staging a Formula One Grand Prix in Singapore began, the race was approved in May and construction for the grand prix complex began in August 2007. The lighting system consisted of nearly 1600 light projectors, separated by four meters, the system generated a total of 3000 lux intensity, approximately four times intensity used in standard football stadium. The whole system required total of 108,423 meter cables and was connected to twelve twin-powered generators, at the previous race in Italy, Sebastian Vettel took his and Toro Rossos maiden win in the wet race. Vettel became the youngest driver to win a Formula One race, Ferraris Felipe Massa finished in sixth place, narrowing Lewis Hamiltons lead in the Drivers Championship to a single point. They were followed by BMW Saubers Robert Kubica and Massas teammate Kimi Räikkönen, in the Constructors Championship, Ferrari were in the lead with 134 points, followed by McLaren-Mercedes and BMW Sauber. Due to the time of the race, teams and drivers had to adapt their working hours by waking up at around midday local time, starting work around late afternoon. Most drivers and teams praised the track after carrying out track inspections as well as arrangements undertaken by the track authorities, however, concerns were raised about high bumps on kerbs of the Turn 10 chicane
26.
Mark Webber
–
After some racing success in Australia driving Formula Ford and Formula Holden, Webber moved to the United Kingdom in 1995 to further his motorsport career. He also beat future F1 World Champion Fernando Alonso, then 19, Webber made his Formula One debut in 2002, scoring Minardis first points in three years at his and Stoddarts home race. After his first season, Jaguar took him on as lead driver, during two years with the generally uncompetitive team, Webber qualified on the front two rows of the grid several times and outperformed his teammates. His first F1 win was with Red Bull at the 2009 German Grand Prix, by the end of 2009, Webber had scored eight podiums, including another victory in Brazil. His eight podiums in 2009 compares to only two podiums in the first seven years of his career and he added ten more podiums in 2010, including victories in Spain, Monaco, Britain and Hungary. Webber finished the 2010 season in place having led for a long period. Webber added another victory in the 2011 Brazilian Grand Prix, as he once again finished third behind champion Vettel. He finished the season in sixth position, Webber was also a long-term director of the Grand Prix Drivers Association, the Formula One drivers union. On 27 June 2013, Webber announced he would be retiring from Formula One at the end of the season and he began to race for Porsche in 2014, on a long-term deal, racing LMP1 Sportscars in the FIA World Endurance Championship. Webber is one of six drivers of the Porsche 919 Hybrid, the trio race with the #1 on their car in 2016. Webber was born in Queanbeyan, New South Wales, son of Alan Webber, a motorcycle dealer. Webber has one sister, Leanne, and two nieces. He attended Karabar High School in Queanbeyan for his secondary education and he began his relationship with sport at a young age, working as a ball boy for premiership winning rugby league team, the Canberra Raiders, during the late 1980s. However, motorsport was where his interest lay, listing Formula One World Champion Alain Prost, starting out racing motorcycles, Webber moved to four wheels in 1991, taking up karting at age 14. He won the New South Wales state championship in 1993, working as a driving instructor at Sydneys Oran Park Raceway between races, Webber finished 14th overall in his debut season. Continuing in the series in 1995, Webber scored several victories, Webber was given a test at Snetterton with the Van Diemen team, and subsequently earned a works drive for the team at the 1995 Formula Ford Festival, at Brands Hatch, where he finished third. That was good enough to prompt the team to signing him for the 1996 championship, before moving to Europe permanently, Webber won the Formula Holden race at the 1996 Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne. During the 1996 British Formula Ford Championship, he took four victories on his way to second place overall and he also won the Spa-Francorchamps race of the Formula Ford Euro Cup, taking third in the series despite competing in only two of the three rounds
27.
Daniel Ricciardo
–
Daniel Ricciardo is an Australian racing driver who is currently competing in Formula One for Red Bull Racing. He won the British Formula 3 Championship in 2009, after Mark Webber announced his retirement from Formula One, Ricciardo was confirmed as his replacement at Red Bull Racing for 2014. In his first season with Red Bull, Ricciardo finished third in the championship with his first three Formula One wins, in Canada, Hungary, and Belgium and his father was born in Ficarra, Sicily, but moved to Australia when he was seven. His mother was born in Australia, to Italian parents from Calabria, growing up in Duncraig in Perths northern suburbs, his earliest memories of motorsport are of being held by his mother to watch his father race at the nearby Barbagallo Raceway in Wanneroo. Ricciardo pronounces his name Ricardo instead of the Italian pronunciation Rit-char-do and he is also referred to as The Honey Badger. When asked why, he said Its supposed to be the most fearless animal in the animal kingdom and he wears an image of a honey badger on the back of his helmet. Ricciardo supports the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League, born in Perth, Western Australia, Ricciardo started karting at the age of nine, as a member of the Tiger Kart Club and entered numerous karting events. In 2005, he entered the Western Australian Formula Ford championship driving a 15-year-old Van Diemen, the following year, however, he won a scholarship into the Formula BMW Asian championship with Eurasia Motorsport. During his début season, Ricciardo took two victories and also achieved a position at Zhuhai. He finished third in the Drivers Championship with 231 points,59 points behind the champion Earl Bamber, in August that year, he was given an outing with Motaworld Racing to race one of their Formula BMW cars at the eighth meeting of the British championship. Despite retiring from the first race, Ricciardo recovered to eighth in the second race. At the end of the year, he entered the Formula BMW World Final with Fortec Motorsport where he finished in fifth position, fourteen seconds off winner Christian Vietoris. He finished the seventh in the Italian series with 196 points and scoring a single podium at Valencia. Ricciardo stayed in Formula Renault for a year in 2008, entering the European. By the end of the year, the driver took his first European title in the Western European Cup. During the mid-part of the 2008 season, Ricciardo made his Formula Three début at the Nürburgring, entering SG Formulas Formula 3 Euro Series team, Ricciardo moved to the British Formula 3 Championship for the 2009 season driving for Carlin Motorsport. He also made his debut in the 3. 5-litre World Series by Renault championship and he retired from the first race, before finishing fifteenth in the second. When he returned to Formula Three, he extended his lead to 45 points before returning to the Portuguese circuit
28.
Jack Brabham
–
Sir John Arthur Jack Brabham, AO, OBE was an Australian racing driver who was Formula One champion in 1959,1960, and 1966. He was a founder of the Brabham racing team and race car constructor that bore his name, Brabham was a Royal Australian Air Force flight mechanic and ran a small engineering workshop before he started racing midget cars in 1948. His successes with midgets in Australian and New Zealand road racing led to his going to Britain to further his racing career. There he became part of the Cooper Car Companys racing team and he contributed to the design of the mid-engined cars that Cooper introduced to Formula One and the Indianapolis 500, and won the Formula One world championship in 1959 and 1960. In 1962 he established his own Brabham marque with fellow Australian Ron Tauranac, in the 1966 Formula One season Brabham became the first – and still the only – man to win the Formula One world championship driving one of his own cars. He was the last surviving World Champion of the 1950s, John Arthur Jack Brabham was born on 2 April 1926 in Hurstville, New South Wales, then a commuter town outside Sydney. Brabham was involved with cars and mechanics from an early age, at the age of 12, he learned to drive the family car and the trucks of his fathers grocery business. Brabham attended technical college, studying metalwork, carpentry, and technical drawing, Brabhams early career continued the engineering theme. At the age of 15 he left school to work, combining a job at a garage with an evening course in mechanical engineering. Brabham soon branched out into his own business selling motorbikes, which he bought and repaired for sale, One month after his 18th birthday on 19 May 1944 Brabham enlisted into the Royal Australian Air Force. He was based at RAAF Station Williamtown, where he maintained Bristol Beaufighters at No.5 Operational Training Unit, on his 20th birthday,2 April 1946, Brabham was discharged from the RAAF with the rank of leading aircraftman. He then started a service, repair, and machining business in a workshop built by his uncle on a plot of land behind his grandfathers house. Brabham started racing after an American friend, Johnny Schonberg, persuaded him to watch a car race. Midget racing was a category for small open-wheel cars racing on dirt ovals and it was popular in Australia, attracting crowds of up to 40,000. Brabham records that he was not taken with the idea of driving, being convinced that the drivers were all lunatics, at first Schonberg drove the homemade device, powered by a modified JAP motorcycle engine built by Brabham in his workshop. In 1948, Schonbergs wife persuaded him to racing and on his suggestion Brabham took over. He almost immediately found that he had a knack for the sport, Brabham has since said that it was terrific driver training. You had to have quick reflexes, in effect you lived—or possibly died—on them, due to the time required to prepare the car, the sport also became his living
29.
Alan Jones (racing driver)
–
Alan Stanley Jones MBE is an Australian former Formula One driver. He competed in a total of 117 Grands Prix, winning 12, in 1978 Jones won the Can-Am championship driving a Lola. Jones attended Xavier College and is the son of Stan Jones, an Australian racing driver and winner of the 1959 Australian Grand Prix, Jones initially worked in his fathers Holden dealership while racing a Mini and a Cooper. The younger Jones left for Europe in 1967 to make a name for himself and he therefore returned home but was back in 1970 and set about building his career in company with compatriot Brian McGuire. However the machine was written off in an accident at Brands Hatch in which Jones suffered a broken leg. In late 1970, Jones signed with a firm for whom McGuire was working, however, in his first two races the engine failed and in the third the gearbox broke, which meant the opportunity ended. For 1971, Jones campaigned a Brabham BT28 converted to BT35 specification, however, despite the success of the test, Jones was not offered a drive by March and for 1972, drove a GRD in Formula Three. Jones did enough that season to be kept on by GRD for the year with a new sponsor. After four races in Formula One the team ceased racing after Stiller moved abroad, however, Jones was named as a replacement for the injured Stommelen in Graham Hills team. His best finish with Hill, in four races for the team, was fifth at the Nürburgring and he earned his first full-time Formula One drive in 1976, in John Surtees team. Jones car was known for its infamous Durex sponsorship, but he managed several finishes in it. Surtees dropped him after that year as he did not get well with the Australian. Jones was racing in America when he was signed by the Shadow team as a replacement for Tom Pryce and he made the most of the opportunity and won at the Österreichring for his maiden victory, finishing seventh in the championship, with 22 points. By late 1977, he had caught the attention of Frank Williams, Williams Grand Prix had struggled for success in its first years and Jones was entrusted to give them their first taste of it. As well as Williams, he signed with Haas-Hall for 1978. Jones took nine poles in ten races but missed the Laguna Seca race due to a Formula One scheduling conflict, stand-in Brian Redman finished twelfth in that race after the kill wire was crimped under a valve cover, resulting in intermittent ignition. He finished third at Trois-Rivières after losing a shift fork and being stuck with only second, at that race, water-injected brakes were first used in Can-Am, developed by the Haas team and copied with varying degrees of success by others. Jones ran one Can-Am race in 1979, where he and Keke Rosberg finished 1–2, for Williams, his best result that season was a second-place finish at Watkins Glen
30.
Order of Australia
–
Before the establishment of the order, Australian citizens received British honours. The Queen of Australia is Sovereign Head of the Order, while the Governor-General is Principal Companion/Dame/Knight, the Governor-Generals Official Secretary is Secretary of the Order. The order is divided into a general and a military division, honorary awards at all levels may be made to deserving non-citizens – these awards are made additional to the quotas. The badge of the Order of Australia is a convex disc representing the Golden Wattle flower, at the centre is a ring, representing the sea, with the word Australia below two branches of golden wattle. The whole disc is topped by the Crown of St Edward, the AC badge is decorated with citrines, blue enamelled ring and enamelled crown. The AO badge is similar, without the citrines, for the AM badge only the crown is enamelled, and the OAM badge is plain. The AK/AD badge is similar to that of the AC badge, the star for knights and dames is a convex golden disc decorated with citrines, with a blue royally crowned inner disc bearing an image of the coat of arms of Australia. The ribbon of the order is blue with a stripe of golden wattle flower designs. AKs, male ACs and AOs wear their badges on a necklet, women usually wear their badges on a bow on the left shoulder, although they may wear the same insignia as males, if so desired. The orders insignia were designed by Stuart Devlin, the Order currently consists of four levels and the medal, in both general and military divisions. Since 2015, the level has been discontinued. Awards of Knight and Dame of the Order have been made in the division only. Military Division – Not awarded in the military division. There was a quota of four per year, excluding honorary appointments, the Knight- and Damehoods were conferred between 1976 and 1983, and again from 2014 till 2015. Although this level is not awarded anymore, several knight and dames of the Order are still alive, Companion General Division – Eminent achievement and merit of the highest degree in service to Australia or to humanity at large. Military Division – Eminent service in duties of great responsibility. Excluding honorary appointments, until 2003, no more than 25 Companions were appointed in any calendar year, in 2003 this was increased to 30. This was increased in 2016 to 35, Officer General Division – Distinguished service of a high degree to Australia or to humanity at large. Military Division – Distinguished service in responsible positions. Prior to 2003, the quota was 100 Officers appointed in any calendar year, in 2003 this was increased to 125. This was increased in 2016 to 140, Member General Division – Service in a particular locality or field of activity or to a particular group. Military Division – Exceptional service or performance of duty
31.
Ford Motor Company
–
The Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16,1903, the company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV, in the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components. Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and it also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China, one in Taiwan, one in Thailand, one in Turkey, and one in Russia. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, Fords former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover, acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively, were sold to Tata Motors in March 2008. Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010, in 2011, Ford discontinued the Mercury brand, under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East since 1938. During the financial crisis at the beginning of the 21st century, it was close to bankruptcy, Ford is the second-largest U. S. -based automaker and the fifth-largest in the world based on 2015 vehicle production. At the end of 2010, Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe, Ford is the eighth-ranked overall American-based company in the 2010 Fortune 500 list, based on global revenues in 2009 of $118.3 billion. In 2008, Ford produced 5.532 million automobiles and employed about 213,000 employees at around 90 plants, the company went public in 1956 but the Ford family, through special Class B shares, still retain 40 percent voting rights. The Ford Motor Company was launched in a factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors, most notably John. During its early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue and later its factory on Piquette Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three men worked on car, assembling it from parts made mostly by supplier companies contracting for Ford. Henry Ford was 39 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company and it has been in continuous family control for over 100 years and is one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world. The first gasoline powered automobile had been created in 1885 by the German inventor Carl Benz, between 1903 and 1908, Ford produced the Models A, B, C, F, K, N, R, and S. Hundreds or a few thousand of most of these were sold per year, in 1908, Ford introduced the mass-produced Model T, which totalled millions sold over nearly 20 years. In 1927, Ford replaced the T with the Model A, Ford launched the first low-priced car with a V8 engine in 1932. In an attempt to compete with General Motors mid-priced Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Henry Ford purchased the Lincoln Motor Company in 1922, in order to compete with such brands as Cadillac and Packard for the luxury segment of the automobile market. The creation of a laboratory in Dearborn, Michigan in 1951, doing unfettered basic research
32.
Chevron Cars Ltd
–
This article is about the manufacturer of racing cars, for the Chevron promotional cartoon see Chevron Cars. Chevron Cars Ltd. is an English manufacturer of racing cars, following Bennetts death in 1978, the firm has remained active in various guises. The original companys designs and name continue to be used to build replacement parts, in 2000, Chevron Racing Cars Ltd. Derek Bennett was born in 1933 in Manchester, he was brought up in Prestwich and he was a largely self-taught, intuitive engineer and a talented amateur racing driver. In his early years Bennett took a keen interest in model aircraft, aided by a small staff of like-minded enthusiasts, for a decade and a half Chevron produced successful, beautiful racing cars. Bennett never proceeded beyond Formula Three in his own driving but remained quick enough to test and develop many of his cars, especially at the nearby Oulton Park and he was working on a Formula One Chevron when he was killed in a hang-gliding accident in 1978. Chevron was particularly noted for its small-capacity sports cars and its Formula Two, Formula Three, Bennett was notable in his design genius for the first car with a Diffuser - Chevron GT, first car with a Crash Box Chevron B16. The B16 Spyder was introduced, with an inspired by Porsche 908 Spyder. Chevron was active and very successful in single seater formulae during this period, concentrating mostly upon Formula 3 Formula Two, nearly every Formula 1 driver of the 1970s drove a Chevron in their earlier careers including Niki Lauda. Many of Chevrons notable customers were also from the North of England including John Bridges, Digby Martland, and John Lepp. Several key Chevron employees, including designer Paul Brown and co founder and Director Owens, also worked on the short-lived Maurer Formula Two cars, and later a Director at Reynard Racing Cars. This company produced spare parts for the range of Chevron cars as well as designing and building a few new Sports 2000 and Formula Atlantic models up until 1983 when this company also liquidated. Produced over 50 cars for Formula Ford, Formula Ford 2000, Sports 2000 and they continued their existing business as Chevron restorers and Race preparers. In 2006 Chris Smith purchased a majority holding in the newly started company called Chevron Cars Ltd. from the owners Roger Andreason. Both Roger and Tim remained minority shareholders, with Tim remaining as a Director, the following five years saw Chris Smith invest substantially in Chevron. During this time he oversaw the construction of around 10 Continuation B8 and B16 models, helen and Vin will remain as consultants. Chevrons are popular cars in racing and various businesses still refettle. Continuation models of the 1970s Chevron B16 are built by both Chevron Cars and Chevron Racing, and are eligible for racing with FIA approval
33.
British Formula Ford Championship
–
The British Formula Ford Championship was an entry level single seater motor sport category, designed to give racing drivers their first step into car racing after karting. The championship was run to various Formula Ford regulations over the years and these engine based regulations/specifications include the Ford Kent engine, Ford Zetec engine, Ford Duratec engine and in the final years the Ford EcoBoost engine. From the 2015 season onwards, the championship will be replaced by MSA Formula, many of the teams and drivers which competed in the final season of British Formula Ford will move to the new series. Although the first British Formula Ford Championship was not held until 1976, the first Formula Ford race was held at Brands Hatch in 1967 and was the precursor to the birth of the domestic championship. The championship started out with the 1600cc Ford Kent engine and continued to use it until Ford introduced its newer, the biggest changes to the championship came in 2012 when the latest Ford EcoBoost engine and specification was adopted as the main championship. The EcoBoost car marks a change in the direction of Formula Ford racing as it introduces both smaller capacity Turbocharged petrol engines and for the first time a sequential gearbox. The championship currently allows two specification of Formula Ford car to race, the current generation EcoBoost car and the previous generation Duratec car, the championship is multi-chassis, featuring manufacturers such as Van Diemen and Mygale. To help keep costs low, cars are made from steel, beginning in 2012, the EcoBoost class was introduced to run as the premier class alongside a secondary class for the aging Duratec cars. The EcoBoost class utilises Fords latest EcoBoost engine which provides greater power thanks to the introduction of a Turbo Charger, the chassis however remains a steel space frame rather than the carbon fibre Monocoque found in other formulae. From 2015 onwards, the MSA Formula will use Formula 4 regulations, Mygale will continue to provide the carbon-fibre monocoque chassis (As opposed to the Tatuus supplied chassis used in BRDC F4. The engine will be a Ford 1. 6L EcoBoost engine as used in the more modern Formula Ford cars, all engines will be tuned by the same race engine preparer, in an attempt to reduce costs. Similarly, all tyres will be provided by Hankook, sadev will provide the sequential paddle shift transmission and data logging system. From 2013, the championship is composed of 30 rounds held at ten events in support of the British Touring Car Championship, both EcoBoost and Duratec classes compete in the same races as each other. Drivers who have competed in less than 4 junior formula races in the past are eligible to compete for the Rookie Cup, the Nations Cup is awarded to the highest placed registered driver from each country excluding UK. In 2015, the series will again run 30 rounds at ten events in support of the BTCC, a 20-minute qualifying session is used to decide the grid for the all the weekends races. The drivers fastest lap decides the grid for one, their second fastest time decides the grid for race two and their third fastest time, the grid for race three. All three races will be run over 15 miles and this has led to the formation of several other national and club level championships within the UK catering for legacy chassis, engines and cars. Formula Ford 1600 Championships - Operated by the BRSCC, this caters for cars built to the Kent specification
34.
Ford Kent engine
–
The Ford Kent is an internal combustion engine from Ford of Europe. Originally developed in 1959 for the Ford Anglia, it is an in-line four-cylinder overhead-valve–type pushrod engine with a cylinder head. The Kent family can be divided into three basic sub-families, the original pre-Crossflow Kent, the Crossflow, and the transverse mounted Valencia variants. This series of engines became known as the Kent engine because Alan Worters, however, the name caught on to be used outside the company to include pre-711M engines as well. The original OHV three main bearing Kent engine appeared in the 1959 Anglia with a capacity of 996.70 cc developing 39 bhp at 5,000 rpm - unusually high for the time. With a 3-3/16 in bore and 48.40 mm stroke, combined with independent four intake and four exhaust ports, it was a departure from traditional undersquare English engine design. The engine is now referred to as the pre-crossflow Kent, in reverse-flow cylinder head configuration with both the inlet and exhaust being on the side of the head. Applications, Ford Anglia Ford Cortina Ford Consul Classic and Consul Capri, Ford Corsair 107E Ford Prefect Marcos 1500 GT Otosan Anadol 1.2 L –1.3 L TVR Grantura The Pre-Crossflow Kent engine was also used by Lotus on Lotus Mk. VII. A1967 redesign gave it a type cylinder head, hence the Kents alternative name Ford Crossflow. It would go on to power the smaller-engined versions of the Ford Cortina and Ford Capri, in South Africa it also powered the 1.6 L Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV, & Mk V Ford Cortina and 1.6 L Ford Sierra. The Crossflow featured a change in combustion chamber design, using a Heron type combustion chamber in the top of the rather than in the head. The head itself was flat with each engine capacity featuring different pistons with different sized bowls in 681F, the 1599cc 691M block had the stronger square bearing caps later used in the 711M, and small combustion chambers in the near-flat head. These changes represented a significant improvement in the reliability of the engines, the Ford Crossflow engine also powered the Reliant Anadol. Other makes such as Morgan used the Crossflow on Morgan 4/4, Caterham on Caterham 7, and TVR used the engine in the Grantura, Vixen and it has been fitted in countless other applications as well, being a favourite of kit-car builders not only in Great Britain. This version was used in the short-lived USA-market Mk1 Fiesta and this engine would be later used in the XR2 version of the Mk.1 Fiesta, using the US1600 bottom end and GT spec head and cam. 1. 3L versions of the Mk I Fiesta also used the Crossflow, a redesigned version of the Kent engine was conceived to suit transverse installation in 1976, primarily for the Mk1 Ford Fiesta, although entry level versions of the Escort Mk3 also used the engine. This derivative would go through two major revamps in 1988 and 1995 and would be a mainstay of Fords entry level range for nearly 25 years. The Valencia was initially available in 957cc and a high compression 1117cc version, for adapting the Kent Crossflow for front wheel drive the ancillaries were repositioned, and the cylinder block shortened by 30mm
35.
1971 Formula One season
–
The 1971 Formula One season was the 25th season of the FIAs Formula One motor racing. It featured the 22nd World Championship of Drivers and the 13th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, which commenced on 6 March 1971, and ended on 3 October after eleven races. After the death of Jochen Rindt the previous year, Lotus had a season, with young. The team spent a lot of experimenting with a gas turbine powered car. Using their own chassis heavily inspired by the Matra MS80 but with conventional tanks, Tyrrell, of the 11 races in the season, Mario Andretti, Jacky Ickx, Jo Siffert, Peter Gethin and François Cevert won one race each, while Stewart won the other 6 races. Jo Siffert and Pedro Rodríguez, who had an intense rivalry driving for John Wyers Gulf-sponsored works Porsche endurance sportscar team both lost their lives racing in 1971, the following teams and drivers competed in the 1971 FIA World Championship. Austrian Jochen Rindt won the championship pothumously in 1970 for Lotus-Ford and his enormous points lead after 4 consecutive championship Grand Prix victories in 1970 effectively consolidated his championship status that year. Tyrrell was designing his own car in secret in England, the new Tyrrell 001 car was first raced by the Scottish Stewart at the Mont-Tremblant circuit in Quebec, Canada- and was immediately competitive, but he retired due to mechanical failure. The cars competitiveness enabled designer Derek Gardner to produce a more competitive car for the 1971 season- the Tyrrell 002 and 003. 002 had a wheelbase and was exclusively for Stewarts tall French teammate Francois Cevert. These 2 cars were mechanically almost identical, the difference being the longer wheelbase for Ceverts height. Over the winter months Ferrari technical director Mauro Forghieri and his engineers at Ferrari developed the car into 312B/2 form, Jacky Ickx and Clay Regazzoni were retained but the teams third driver, Italian Ignazio Giunti was killed in January during the Buenos Aires 1000 kilometer long-distance sportscar race. He was pushing his Ferrari 312P sportscar back to the pits when he was hit by the Matra of Jean-Pierre Beltoise. As a result, Mario Andretti was hired on a basis to be the teams third driver. Tyrrell retained Jackie Stewart and Francois Cevert, while Team Lotus also developed its 1970 car for Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi and Swede Reine Wisell. March lost both of its 1970 drivers, Chris Amon, moving to Matra to join Beltoise and Jo Siffert replacing Jack Oliver at BRM as team mate to Pedro Rodriguez and new driver Howden Ganley. Rob Walker decided that he could no longer afford to continue his private team and transferred his Brooke Bond Oxo sponsorship to Surtees, the battle of the 12 cylinder cars vs. the Ford-Cosworth DFV powered cars proved to be the main theme throughout this season. Dunlop, one of the tire manufacturers supplying rubber to F1 teams pulled out of F1 and this round, held at the slightly modified Buenos Aires Autodrome
36.
Cosworth DFV
–
The DFV is an internal combustion engine that was originally produced by Cosworth for Formula One motor racing. Named Four Valve because of the four valves per cylinder, and Double as it was a V8 development of the earlier, four-cylinder FVA and its development in 1967 for Colin Chapmans Team Lotus was sponsored by Ford. For many years it was the dominant engine in Formula One, and it was also used in other categories, including CART, Formula 3000 and Sportscar racing. The engine was a 90°,2,993 cc V8, with bore & stroke of 85.67 x 64.897 mm producing over 400 bhp from the start, reaching over 500 bhp by the end of its Formula 1 career. The 1983 DFY variant had a bore and stroke of 90 x 59 mm giving 2,993 cc. In 1965, the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile, that administered Formula One racing, Chapman approached the Ford Motor Company and David Brown of Aston Martin for funding, each without initial success. Chapman then approached Ford of Britains public relations chief, former journalist Walter Hayes, since Hayes had joined Ford in 1962 the pair had previously collaborated in the production of the successful Lotus Cortina, introduced in 1963. Hayes arranged dinner for Chapman with Ford employee Harley Copp, a British-based American engineer who had backed and engineered Fords successful entry into NASCAR in the 1950s, stage two would produce a V8 engine for Formula One, by May 1967. Team-mate Jim Clark moved up through the field in his identical car, however, this dominant performance belied a serious fault in the timing gear. Clark took three wins that season, but reliability problems left him third in the Drivers Championship,10 points behind Champion Denny Hulme. The progress of the engine was documented in a film produced by the Ford Motor Companys film section, entitled 9 Days in Summer. Initially, the agreement between Ford, Cosworth and Lotus was binding on all parties, and Ford as the funder had no plans to sell or hire the DFV to any other teams. Only Brabhams Repco V8 engine provided a combination of power and reliability. Hayes released the DFV initially to French team Matra, headed by Ken Tyrrell with Jackie Stewart as a driver. What followed was an age, where teams big or small could buy an engine which was competitive, light, compact, easy to work with. The DFV effectively replaced the Coventry Climax as the standard F1 powerplant for the private teams. Lotus, McLaren, Matra, Brabham, March, Surtees, Tyrrell, Hesketh, Lola, Williams, Penske, Wolf and Ligier are just some of the teams to have used the DFV. In 1969 and 1973 every World Championship race was won by DFV-powered cars, the advent of ground effect aerodynamics on the F1 scene in 1977 provided a new lease of life for the now decade-old engine
37.
1972 Formula One season
–
The 1972 Formula One season was the 26th season of the FIAs Formula One motor racing. It featured the 23rd World Championship of Drivers, the 15th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, the World Championship season commenced on 23 January and ended on 8 October after twelve races. For 1972 Team Lotus focused again on the type 72 chassis, imperial Tobacco continued its sponsorship of the team under its new John Player Special brand. The cars, now referred to as JPS, were fielded in a new black. Lotus took the championship by surprise in 1972 with 25-year-old Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi who became the youngest world champion at that point, Stewart came second in the championship. The British Racing Motors team took its last victory when Jean-Pierre Beltoise won the rain-affected 1972 Monaco Grand Prix in a BRM P160, the Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled this year because of safety arrangements that were not completed for the race. It was supposed to be held between the Belgian and French Grand Prixs at the location, Zandvoort. Also, a second American motor race called the United States Grand Prix West, the Mexican Grand Prix was scheduled to be the last race of the season, but it was cancelled after local interest dissipated after the death of Pedro Rodríguez. The Formula One circus returned to Argentina in January for the first time since 1960, the short No.9 arena configuration of the Buenos Aires city autodrome was used, and Argentine Carlos Reutemann, in his first ever F1 race took pole position in a Brabham-Ford/Cosworth. Reutemann unfortunately did not win – defending champion Jackie Stewart of the UK won in a Tyrrell-Ford/Cosworth, the southern hemisphere tour continued in South Africa at the Kyalami circuit near Johannesburg in March. Denny Hulme won the race in a McLaren-Ford/Cosworth, which was McLarens first F1 victory since 1969, Formula One started its 4-month European tour in Spain at the Jarama circuit near Madrid. The Lotus 72, improved after suspension revisions to the chassis to make the car better suited to slick tires won in the hands of Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi – winning his 2nd ever F1 race. The Monaco Grand Prix in 1972 was run in atrocious conditions – it poured down all throughout race day, the circuit had been changed to move the pits away from the start-finish line, which proved to be too narrow to fit a wide-enough start-finish line and wide-enough pits. The pits for the first and only time were moved next to the straight after where the chicane is. Frenchman Jean-Pierre Beltoise won his only championship F1 race after producing a stirring drive in his BRM, there was some controversy when the F1 troupe arrived at the Nivelles circuit just outside Brussels. A lot of people were unhappy with the replacement of the Spa-Francorchamps circuit, but the racing continued, and Fittipaldi won again in his John Player Lotus 72D. There was a 4-week break between Grand Prixs as the Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled due to safety issues with the Zandvoort circuit, the circuits twisty, undulating and sometimes fast nature provided a considerable challenge. New Zealander Chris Amon took pole with his new Matra MS120D, eight-tenths faster than the next fastest driver, Amon, Hulme, Jackie Stewart and Belgian Jacky Ickx in a Ferrari went away from the field
38.
Porsche 917
–
The Porsche 917 is a race car that gave Porsche its first overall wins at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1970 and 1971. The highest official speed ever clocked for a 917 at Le Mans is 362 km/h or 224.4 mph, there are at least eleven variants of the 917. The original version had a removable long tail/medium tail with rear wing flaps. The changes were adopted into a new version of the 917, called the Kurzheck, or short-tail. The 917K, and the special Le Mans long-tail version, dominated the 1970 and 1971 World Sportscar Championships. In 1971, a variant of the 917K appeared with an upswept tail and vertical fins. The fins kept the clean downforce inducing air on the top of the tail and allowed the angle of the deck to be reduced, the result was a more attractive looking car that maintained down force for less drag and higher top speed. By this time the original 4. 5-litre engine, which had produced around 520 bhp in 1969, had been enlarged through 4. 9-litres to 5-litres, the 917K models were generally used for the shorter road courses such as Sebring, Brands Hatch, Monza and Spa-Francorchamps. The big prize for Porsche however, was Le Mans, for the French circuits long, high speed straights, the factory developed special long tail bodywork that was designed for minimum drag and thus highest maximum speed. On the cars debut in 1969, these models proved to be nearly uncontrollable as there was so little down force. In fact, they generated aerodynamic lift at the highest speeds, for 1970, an improved version was raced by the factory and for 1971, after very significant development in the wind tunnel, the definitive 917L was raced by both factory and JW. These cars were so stable that the drivers could take their hands off the wheel at speeds which reached 246 mph. In 1971 Jo Siffert raced an open-top 917PA Spyder in the 1971 CanAm series, there is also the Pink Pig aerodynamic research version, and the turbocharged 917/10 and 917/30 CanAm Spyders. Porsche 917s also raced in the European Interseries in various configurations, in the 1973 Can-Am series, the turbocharged version Porsche 917/30 developed 1,100 bhp. The 917 is one of the most iconic racing cars of all time, largely for its high speeds and high power outputs. 2009 marked the 40th anniversary of the 917, and Porsche held a celebration at the Goodwood Festival of Speed. This capacity reduction would also serve to entice manufacturers who were already building three-litre Formula One engines into endurance racing and this targeted existing cars like the aging Ford GT40 Mk. I and the newer Lola T70 coupe. With Ferrari absent in 1968, mainly Porsche 908s and Ford P68s were entered there, as a result, old 2. 2-litre Porsche 907s often won that category, with John Wyers 4. 7-litre Ford GT40 Mk. I taking wins at faster tracks
39.
Mirage (race car)
–
For the 1967 season, JWAE built and raced the M1, a Sports prototype based on the Ford GT40. The M1 used the standard Ford GT40 V8 engine in various capacities up to 5.7 litres, the highlight of the M1s short racing career was without doubt the victory by Jacky Ickx and Dick Thompson in chassis M.1003 in the 1967 Spa-Francorchamps 1000 km. The sole surviving Mirage M1 is on display at the Blackhawk Museum in Danville. The M2 was built in 1968 for the new 3 Litre Group 6 Prototype class, many fans got confused about M4-M5 denomination due to John Horsmann calling M5 the roadster and M4 the single seater. While heavier, the Weslake V12 was expected to be smoother and more powerful than the Cosworth, again the only victory was at Spa, in the 1973 Spa-Francorchamps 1000 km. Apart from this win, the 1973 season was less than successful, m6 Coupé was the closed version with low-drag bodywork and powered by the 2995 cc Ford-Weslake V12 engine planned to be used at 197324 Hours of Le Mans, poor performances ended the project. The GR7 model was renamed to Gulf GR7 for 1974, reflecting the involvement of Gulf Oil which dated from 1967. Gulf Ford placed second in the 1974 World Championship for Makes, in 1975 the team obtained its last victory in the 24 Hours of Le Mans with the GR8 driven by Jacky Ickx and Derek Bell. The other car finished third with Vern Schuppan and Jean-Pierre Jaussaud, the race was excluded from the World Championship for Makes by the CSI because of new fuel consumption rules introduced for the race in the wake of the oil crisis. As a Group 6 Prototype entrant, Cluxton continued successfully contesting the Mirages at Le Mans as a two car team, the M9 of 1978 featured a new open long-tail body and was powered by a turbocharged 2.1 liter 6 cylinder Renault engine. Two examples started in the 197824 Hours of Le Mans with one gaining tenth place, the M10 of 1979 used an updated M8 chassis with revised open long-tail body and a 3-liter Ford Cosworth DFV engine. Two M10s were entered in the 197924 Hours of Le Mans by Grand Touring Cars Inc / Ford Concessionaires France, the last Mirage to be constructed was the M12, a Group C prototype featuring an aluminum honeycomb monocoque and Cosworth 3.9 liter DFL engine. Much controversy surrounded the ACOs decision, with many citing organizational politics as the cause, though the M12 showed great potential as both a Group C and IMSA GTP competitor, the program was aborted after Le Mans. In all, from 1974 to 1978, the Mirages never finished outside of the positions at Le Mans, posting a first. As well Mirage is one of two independently constructed racing car marques to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans overall since the post-World War II return of the Grand Prix d’Endurance in 1949. Racing in the Rain, My Years with Brilliant Drivers, Legendary Sports Cars, time and Two Seats http, //www. gtc-mirage. com Official Website photos Ford Mirage M1
40.
Porsche 911
–
The Porsche 911 is a two-door, 2+2 high performance and one of the most powerful sports cars made since 1963 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. It has a six cylinder boxer engine and all round independent suspension. It has undergone development, though the basic concept has remained little changed. The engines were air-cooled until the introduction of the Type 996 in 1998, with Porsches 993 series, produced in model years 1994–1998, the 911 has been modified by private teams and by the factory itself for racing, rallying, and other forms of automotive competition. It is among the most successful competition cars, in the mid-1970s, naturally aspirated 911 Carrera RSRs won major world championship sports car races, such as Targa Florio and 24 Hours of Daytona, even against prototypes. The 911-derived 935 turbo also won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1979, in the 1999 international poll for the award of Car of the Century, the 911 came fifth. It is one of the oldest sports coupé nameplates still in production, around 150,000911 cars from the model years 1964 to 1989 are still on the road today. Dilip Chhabria of DC Design said that the most difficult car to customise has to be the Porsche 911 and it hasn’t dated since it was designed. It is a desirable car. I have attempted to redraw, reskin, redesign it but could not do anything with it, I realised that it is difficult to alter the perfect design. Although Porsche changes the internal codes for its models, all 911 models were and are sold as a 911.2 The series letter is used by Porsche to indicate the revision for production cars. It often changes annually to reflect changes for the new model year, the first 911 models are the A series, the first 993 cars are the R series. Not all of the Porsche 911 models ever produced are mentioned here, the listed models are notable for their role in the advancements in technology and their influence on other vehicles from Porsche. Carrera, Also offered in upgrades of S and GTS, Carrera 4, 4S, Also offered in upgrades of S and GTS. Targa 4, 4S, Also offered in upgrades of S, Turbo, turbo S, Also offered in upgrades of S. GT3/GT3-RS, Track dedicated version of the 911, no cabriolet available with this variant. The 911 traces its roots to sketches drawn by Ferdinand Butzi Porsche in 1959, the Porsche 911 was developed as a more powerful, larger, more comfortable replacement for the Porsche 356, the companys first model. The new car made its debut at the 1963 Frankfurt Motor Show
41.
Porsche 934
–
The Porsche 934 was a racing version of the Porsche 911 Turbo, prepared to FIA Group 4 rules, similar to the Porsche 935 which was prepared to FIA Group 5 rules. The Porsche 934 was introduced for the 1976 racing season and it was manufactured for two years,1976 and 1977, with at least 400 being manufactured. Toine Hezemans drove this car to victory at the European GT Championship, while in the U. S. with George Follmer at the wheel and it continued to win races throughout the late 1970s. The 934 as well as the 935 were raced in the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft in a distinctive orange Jägermeister livery.9 seconds, the car came in a regular trim, or a racing trim. Regular trim,1,090 kg Electric windows and door trim 32 gallon gas tank
Australian
Equipe Matra-Simca
SpA Ferrari SEFAC
Carlos Reutemann
Gelo Racing Team
Howden Ganley
Toine Hezemans