Secondary school
A secondary school is both an organization that provides secondary education and the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools can provide both lower secondary education and upper secondary education, but these can be provided in separate schools, as in the American middle and high school system. Secondary schools follow on from primary schools and lead into vocational and tertiary education. Attendance is compulsory in most countries for students between the ages of 11 and 16; the organisations and terminology are more or less unique in each country. Within the English speaking world, there are three used systems to describe the age of the child; the first is the'equivalent ages' countries that base their education systems on the'English model' use one of two methods to identify the year group, while countries that base their systems on the'American K-12 model' refer to their year groups as'grades'. This terminology extends into research literature. Below is a convenient comparison.
The building needs to accommodate: Curriculum content Teaching methods Costs Education within the political framework Use of school building Constraints imposed by the site Design philosophyEach country will have a different education system and priorities. Schools need to accommodate students, storage and electrical systems, support staff, ancillary staff and administration; the number of rooms required can be determined from the predicted roll of the school and the area needed. According to standards used in the United Kingdom, a general classroom for 30 students needs to be 55 m², or more generously 62 m². A general art room for 30 students needs to be 83 m ². A drama studio or a specialist science laboratory for 30 needs to be 90 m². Examples are given on, and 1,850 place secondary school. The building providing the education has to fulfil the needs of: The students, the teachers, the non-teaching support staff, the administrators and the community, it has to meet general government building guidelines, health requirements, minimal functional requirements for classrooms and showers, electricity and services and storage of textbooks and basic teaching aids.
An optimum secondary school will meet the minimum conditions and will have: adequately sized classrooms. Government accountants having read the advice publish minimum guidelines on schools; these enable environmental establishing building costs. Future design plans are audited to ensure. Government ministries continue to press for cost standards to be reduced; the UK government published this downwardly revised space formula in 2014. It said the floor area should be 1050m² + 6.3m²/pupil place for 11- to 16-year-olds + 7m²/pupil place for post-16s. The external finishes were to be downgraded to meet a build cost of £1113/m². A secondary school locally may be called high senior high school. In some countries there are two phases to secondary education and, here the junior high school, intermediate school, lower secondary school, or middle school occurs between the primary school and high school. Names for secondary schools by countryArgentina: secundaria or polimodal, escuela secundaria Australia: high school, secondary college Austria: Gymnasium, Hauptschule, Höhere Bundeslehranstalt, Höhere Technische Lehranstalt Azerbaijan: orta məktəb Bahamas, The: junior high, senior high Belgium: lagere school/école primaire, secundair onderwijs/école secondaire, humaniora/humanités Bolivia: educación primaria superior and educación secundaria and Herzegovina: srednja škola, gimnazija Brazil: ensino médio, segundo grau Brunei: sekolah menengah, a few maktab Bulgaria: cредно образование Canada: High school, junior high or middle school, secondary school, école secondaire, collegiate institute, polyvalente Chile: enseñanza media China: zhong xue, consisting of chu zhong from grades 7 to 9 and gao zhong from grades 10 to 12 Colombia: bachillerato, segunda enseñanza Croatia: srednja škola, gimnazija Cyprus: Γυμνάσιο, Ενιαίο Λύκειο Czech Republic: střední škola, gymnázium, střední odborné učiliště Denmark: gymnasium Dominican Republic: nivel medio, bachillerato Egypt: Thanawya Amma, Estonia: upper secondary school, Lyceum Finland: lukio gymnasium France: collège, lycée Germany: Gymnasium, Realschule, Fachoberschule Greece: Γυμνάσιο, Γενικό Λύκειο, Ενιαίο Λύκειο, Hong Kong: Secondary school Hungary: gimnázium, k
Kirk Carlsen
Kirk R. Carlsen is an American former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2010 and 2014, he rode for Garmin–Transitions. He grew up in New Hampshire, among his best results include several European victories with the U. S. National Team, U. S. U23 National Champion in 2008, best climber at the Redlands Classic in 2009. Before Garmin, Carlsen rode for Garmin's development program, the U. S. National Team and Peerless Insurance Junior Cycling Team. Carlsen joined the Jelly Belly–Maxxis squad for the 2014 season, after his previous team – Bissell – folded at the end of the 2013 season, he retired after the 2014 season
Haverhill High School
Haverhill High School is an American High School in Haverhill, Massachusetts. It enrolls about 2,200 students in grades 9 through 12; the school offers a variety of Advanced Placement classes, a wide range of clubs, a number of varsity and junior varsity sports, as well as a program entitled the "Classical Academy". The Classical Academy has a prescribed curriculum, it offers a rigorous curriculum consisting of honors and AP classes. The Classical Academy is underway in its fifth year, will be offered to future students via a test; the school offers other services. The campus includes the Charles C. White Swimming Pool, the Manuel Epstein Library Media Center HHS/LMC and the Veterans' Memorial Skating Rink. At the school's entrance is a replica of one of the famous statues by Michelangelo in Tomb of Leorenzo De' Medici, affectionately nicknamed "The Thinker". Haverhill High Mission Statement "The Mission of Haverhill High School is to produce self-directed learners who read and speak in Standard English and who apply analytical and technological skills to interpret information and problem solve."
Bob Montana, the creator of Archie Comics, who attended Haverhill High, based the high school featured in his popular comics, Riverdale High School, on Haverhill High. The comic's school newspaper, The Blue and Gold, indirectly references Haverhill High's student paper, The Brown and Gold; the high school in the comics is based on Haverhill High's old building, which has since become Haverhill City Hall. Haverhill High School relocated to 137 Monument Street; the school's mascot is Michelangelo's "The Thinker" but is mistaken for Auguste Rodin's "The Thinker." The athletic teams are called the "Hillies,", short for "Hilltoppers" - the cannons on the top of hills to defend against infidels during war periods. The school colors are brown and gold. There are 19 varsity level sports at the school: field hockey, cross country, swimming, basketball, volleyball and basketball cheerleading, indoor track, outdoor track, wrestling, ice hockey, softball and lacrosse. Haverhill High School engages in a biannual dodgeball tournament.
A previous year's autumn tournament victor was The Kings whose name had to be shortened due to obscenities. Haverhill High competes in the Merrimack Valley Conference and is a member of the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association. There are about 35 teams and activities in which students can participate. Of, included, Haverhill Robotics, which in 2013, along with their alliance round partners, was awarded first place in simulation rounds in the USA for the Zero Robotics Competition run by NASA and MIT; the club features both high school students. Haverhill High School's Model UN team is run by Mr. Zachary Simmons who has received tremendous praise for his dedication to the students. Having earned the praise and respect of many after their victory in the first annual Boston College Model UN tournament, Haverhill's Model UN team now annually competes in the National High School Model United Nations held in New York City. Deemed by the students on the team as Haverhill High School's most successful athletic team, Haverhill's Model UN program has led to numerous students choosing to enter academic fields within the realm of International Relations and Global Studies.
Official website Haverhill High Library Media Center Blog
Strike action
Strike action called labor strike, labour strike, or strike, is a work stoppage, caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines. In most countries, strike actions were made illegal, as factory owners had far more power than workers. Most Western countries legalized striking in the late 19th or early 20th centuries. Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Strikes destabilize the rule of a particular political party or ruler. Notable examples are the 1980 Gdańsk Shipyard, the 1981 Warning Strike, led by Lech Wałęsa; these strikes were significant in the long campaign of civil resistance for political change in Poland, were an important mobilizing effort that contributed to the fall of the Iron Curtain and the end of communist party rule in eastern Europe. The use of the English word "strike" was first seen in 1768, when sailors, in support of demonstrations in London, "struck" or removed the topgallant sails of merchant ships at port, thus crippling the ships.
Official publications have used the more neutral words "work stoppage" or "industrial dispute". The first certain account of strike action was towards the end of the 20th dynasty, under Pharaoh Ramses III in ancient Egypt on 14 November 1152 BC; the artisans of the Royal Necropolis at Deir el-Medina walked off their jobs because they had not been paid. The Egyptian authorities raised the wages. An early predecessor of the general strike may have been the secessio plebis in ancient Rome. In The Outline of History, H. G. Wells characterized this event as "the general strike of the plebeians, their first strike occurred because they "saw with indignation their friends, who had served the state bravely in the legions, thrown into chains and reduced to slavery at the demand of patrician creditors." The strike action only became a feature of the political landscape with the onset of the Industrial Revolution. For the first time in history, large numbers of people were members of the industrial working class.
By the 1830s, when the Chartist movement was at its peak in Britain, a true and widespread'workers consciousness' was awakening. In 1842 the demands for fairer wages and conditions across many different industries exploded into the first modern general strike. After the second Chartist Petition was presented to Parliament in April 1842 and rejected, the strike began in the coal mines of Staffordshire and soon spread through Britain affecting factories, mills in Lancashire and coal mines from Dundee to South Wales and Cornwall. Instead of being a spontaneous uprising of the mutinous masses, the strike was politically motivated and was driven by an agenda to win concessions; as much as half of the industrial work force were on strike at its peak – over 500,000 men. The local leadership marshalled a growing working class tradition to politically organize their followers to mount an articulate challenge to the capitalist, political establishment. Friedrich Engels, an observer in London at the time, wrote: by its numbers, this class has become the most powerful in England, woe betide the wealthy Englishmen when it becomes conscious of this fact...
The English proletarian is only just becoming aware of his power, the fruits of this awareness were the disturbances of last summer. As the 19th century progressed, strikes became a fixture of industrial relations across the industrialized world, as workers organized themselves to collectively bargain for better wages and standards with their employers. Karl Marx has condemned the theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon criminalizing strike action in his work The Poverty of Philosophy. In 1937 there were 4,740 strikes in the United States; this was the greatest strike wave in American labor history. The number of major strikes and lockouts in the U. S. fell by 97% from 381 in 1970 to 187 in 1980 to only 11 in 2010. Companies countered the threat of a strike by threatening to move a plant. International Covenant on Economic and Cultural Rights adopted in 1967 ensure the right to strike in Article 8 and European Social Charter adopted in 1961 ensure the right to strike in Article 6; the Farah Strike, 1972–1974, labeled the "strike of the century," and it was organized and led by Mexican American women predominantly in El Paso, Texas.
Most strikes are undertaken by labor unions during collective bargaining as a last resort. The object of collective bargaining is for the employer and the union to come to an agreement over wages and working conditions. A collective bargaining agreement may include a clause which prohibits the union from striking during the term of the agreement, known as a "no-strike clause." No-strike clauses arose in the United States following World War II. Some in the labor movement consider no-strike clauses to be an unnecessary detriment to unions in the collective bargaining process. Strikes are rare: according to the News Media Guild, 98% of union contracts in the United States are settled each of the 67 years without a strike. Workers decide to strike without the sanction of a labor union, either because the union refuses to endorse such a tactic, or because the workers concerned are non-unionized; such strikes are described as unofficial. Strikes without formal union authorization are known as wildcat strikes
Pinkerton Academy
Pinkerton Academy is a secondary school in Derry, New Hampshire, United States. It serves 3,100 students, making it by far the largest high school in New Hampshire, more than 800 students greater than the next largest high school. Pinkerton's situation is unusual, as it is a private school which serves as the "public" high school for the communities of Derry, Chester, Auburn and Hooksett. Through arrangements with the towns, each town pays the tuition for their students to attend Pinkerton. Pinkerton Academy is a private, non-profit corporation administered by a headmaster, who in turn acts under the direction of a self-perpetuating board of trustees; the academy is set on a 120-acre New England campus. Since the original four-room Old Academy Building opened in 1815, over one dozen major buildings have been constructed, for academics and administration. In 1793, a classical high school was established in the eastern part of Londonderry and was maintained for twenty years by direct tax and voluntary contributions.
In 1814, Reverend Edward Parker asked Major John Pinkerton and Elder James Pinkerton, who had made significant contributions to the classical high school, to make the school permanent. That year, they obtained an act incorporating the school under the name Pinkerton Academy from the state legislature; the academy opened on December 4, 1815, as an all-male institution with an endowment of $16,000 by John Pinkerton "for the purpose of promoting piety and virtue and the education of youth in science and the liberal arts." By 1817, the Pinkerton Academy accepted young women as well. An advertisement placed on May 17, 1817, in the Farmer's Cabinet, the only newspaper of the era serving that part of New Hampshire, stated, "The female apartment in this academy will be opened on Monday the 26th of May, instant. At the same time an additional instructor will be placed in the male apartment; the tuition is two dollars a quarter. Board may be had in respectable families, within a convenient distance of the Academy, on reasonable terms."
According to the New Hampshire Historical Society, preceptresses of the academy were Sarah Fitz, 1816, Mary Knight, 1817–18, Mary Adams, 1819. In 1821, Pinkerton stopped accepting young women, the Adams Female Academy opened in Derry to educate young women. For the following years, the Scottish immigrants of Londonderry helped maintain the academy and contributed funds for it. In 1853 the academy became coeducational with the erection of a ladies' boarding hall. In 1881, upon the death of John Morrison Pinkerton, son of Elder James, the academy received a second bequest; the Trustees used these funds to increase the number of instructors and to provide for an enlarged and advanced program of studies. Changes in the curriculum and the completion of the Pinkerton Building in 1887 allowed Pinkerton students to choose from a variety of college and non-college bound programs of studies; the funds were used to buy a library and to erect a new school building. This was a large erection, but was completed and the scenic landscape accented the beautiful new buildings.
Pinkerton continued to function as an independent day and boarding school until 1948. In 1949, the academy entered into an agreement with the town of Derry that marked a significant turning point in the school's history; as a result of the service agreement, Pinkerton educated all high school aged students who lived in Derry. The town of Derry paid for the school's services on a per pupil tuition basis. Although Pinkerton maintained its private school status, the academy began to function as a comprehensive independent academy. In 1962, the town of Derry negotiated a long-term contractual agreement with Pinkerton Academy; the contract specified the conditions under which Pinkerton's services were purchased. Over the next thirty years, additional communities signed service contracts with the academy. In response to the increased number of public school students attending Pinkerton, new facilities were built. Due to the changing needs and interests of this larger student population, Pinkerton once again developed new courses and fields of study while maintaining its existing college preparatory programs.
In 1978, the citizens of Londonderry voted to end their tuition agreements with the academy and established Londonderry High School. Students from Windham no longer attend Pinkerton Academy and now attend Windham High School which opened in 2009. In recent years several new buildings have been constructed, including two new buildings in 2013–14 funded by a state grant for Career and Technical Education: CTE Annex and CTE South; these two buildings house Architecture and Design, Environmental Science, Electrical Engineering, Manufacturing and Animal Science. In 2011, the Academy Building opened as the base for the Freshmen Academy model of transitioning 9th graders from middle school to high school, the Arts and Humanities Center was dedicated in 2002. Pinkerton Academy's property spans over 170 acres; the center of the academy's campus holds buildings where classes are taught, the surrounding area is used for specific non-academic purposes. The main campus is 8 acres. There are 13 academic buildings which are located in the main campus: the Pinkerton Building, the South Building, the Career and Technical Education Annex, the Shepard Building, the Rob
Sandown, New Hampshire
Sandown is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,986 at the 2010 census. Once part of Kingston, Sandown was incorporated as a separate town in 1756 by colonial governor Benning Wentworth, it was named for picturesque Sandown on the Isle of Wight. The first minister of Sandown, the Reverend Josiah Cotton, built the Sandown Meeting House in 1774, it had an 11-foot-high pulpit and marble columns supporting the gallery, is still an excellent example of early New England church architecture. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 14.4 square miles, of which 13.9 square miles are land and 0.50 square miles are water, comprising 3.37% of the town. Sandown is drained by the Exeter River. Showell Pond, a smaller water body, drains northwest to Phillips Pond. Angle Pond, in the southeast corner of the town, Cub Pond, along Sandown's eastern border, drain east towards the Powwow River; the highest point in Sandown is the summit of Hoyt Hill, at 505 feet above sea level, near the town's southwest corner.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,143 people, 1,694 households, 1,382 families residing in the town. The population density was 369.8 people per square mile. There were 1,777 housing units at an average density of 127.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 98.43% White, 0.21% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population. There were 1,694 households out of which 48.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.0% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 18.4% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.1% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.32. In the town, the population was spread out with 31.4% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older.
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $67,581, the median income for a family was $73,083. Males had a median income of $49,012 versus $29,773 for females; the per capita income for the town was $25,978. About 3.3% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. Timberlane Regional High School, Grades 9-12, located in Plaistow Timberlane Regional Middle School, Grades 6-8, located in Plaistow Sandown North Elementary School, Grades 1-5, located in Sandown Sandown Central School, Grades Pre-K, located in Sandown Sandown Historical Society & Depot Museum Town of Sandown official website Tri-Town Times, community news Sandown Public Library New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile Sandownweather.com
Atkinson, New Hampshire
Atkinson is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 6,751 at the 2010 census. Atkinson has a rich history, dating back to the American Revolution; the community was incorporated 3 September 1767, was named after Colonel Theodore Atkinson, a local landowner. Atkinson Academy, the second-oldest co-educational school in the country, was founded as a boys' school in 1787 by Reverend Stephen Peabody, General Nathaniel Peabody and Doctor William Cogswell; the school building burnt to the ground in 1802, was rebuilt in 1803 at a cost of $2,500. That building remains a part of the Academy, which has since been expanded, with only four classrooms. Other historic buildings, such the Atkinson Historical Society, the Kimball Public Library, Rockwell School, many more, grace this southern New Hampshire town with their rich historical value and education of the history of the area. Relatives of former President John Quincy Adams live in Atkinson, along with famous politicians and businessmen.
Atkinson's history can be read about in depth in the book Atkinson Then and Now, which can be purchased at the Atkinson Public Library on Academy Avenue. Atkinson celebrated its 250-year anniversary Labor Day weekend 2017. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 11.3 square miles, of which 11.2 square miles are land and 0.2 square miles are water, comprising 1.42% of the town. The highest point in Atkinson is Hog Hill, at 430 feet above sea level. Atkinson lies within the Merrimack River watershed. In 2011 the New Hampshire Scenic and Cultural Byways program named 3.74 miles of Main Street the "Stage Coach Byway". As of the census of 2000, there were 6,178 people, 2,317 households, 1,777 families residing in the town; the population density was 555.2 people per square mile. There were 2,431 housing units at an average density of 218.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 97.62% White, 0.26% African American, 0.06% Native American, 1.18% Asian, 0.21% from other races, 0.66% from two or more races.
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population. There were 2,317 households out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 23.3% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.08. In the town, the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 30.7% from 45 to 64, 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $69,729, the median income for a family was $77,631. Males had a median income of $53,229 versus $34,760 for females; the per capita income for the town was $30,412. About 2.3% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.
The Kimball House Museum was built in 1772 by Reverend Stephen Peabody. It served as a medical town library before becoming a museum. Atkinson Public Schools are part of the Timberlane Regional School District; the district serves the communities of Atkinson, New Hampshire, New Hampshire and Sandown, New Hampshire. The district has a middle school and a high school. Students in Atkinson attend Atkinson Academy, Timberlane Regional Middle School, Timberlane Regional High School. Brad Delp, lead singer of Boston and RTZ John Noyes, member of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont. Elizabeth Barrows Ussher, Christian missionary and witness of the Armenian Genocide Town of Atkinson official website AtkinsonWeather.com New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile Timberlane Regional School District Atkinson Academy, Grades 1-5 Timberlane Regional Middle School, Grades 6-8, located in Plaistow Timberlane Regional High School, Grades 9-12, located in Plaistow City-Data.com ePodunk: Profile for Atkinson, New Hampshire
