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History
Time-of-flight camera
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A time-of-flight camera, also known as time-of-flight sensor, is a range imaging camera system for measuring distances between the camera and the subject for each point of the image based on time-of-flight, the round trip time of an artificial light signal, as provided by a laser or an LED. Laser-based time-of-flight cameras are part of a broader class of scannerless LIDAR, in which the entire scene is captured with each laser pulse, as opposed to point-by-point with a laser beam such as in scanning LIDAR systems. Time-of-flight camera products for civil applications began to emerge around 2000, as the semiconductor processes allowed the production of components fast enough for such devices. The systems cover ranges of a few centimeters up to several kilometers.
Diagrams illustrating the principle of a time-of-flight camera with analog timing
Diagrams illustrating the principle of a time-of-flight camera with analog timing
Range image of a human face captured with a time-of-flight camera (artist’s depiction)
Range image of a human face captured with a time-of-flight camera (artist’s depiction)
The Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra features three rear-facing camera lenses and a ToF camera.
The Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra features three rear-facing camera lenses and a ToF camera.
Range image with height measurements
Range image with height measurements
Lidar
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Lidar is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver. Lidar may operate in a fixed direction or it may scan multiple directions, in which case it is known as lidar scanning or 3D laser scanning, a special combination of 3-D scanning and laser scanning. Lidar has terrestrial, airborne, and mobile applications.
Lidar-derived image of Marching Bears Mound Group, Effigy Mounds National Monument
Lidar-derived image of Marching Bears Mound Group, Effigy Mounds National Monument
A frequency addition source of optical radiation (FASOR) used at the Starfire Optical Range for lidar and laser guide star experiments is tuned to the
A frequency addition source of optical radiation (FASOR) used at the Starfire Optical Range for lidar and laser guide star experiments is tuned to the sodium D2a line and used to excite sodium atoms in the upper atmosphere.
This lidar may be used to scan buildings, rock formations, et cetera, to produce a 3D model. The lidar can aim its laser beam in a wide range: its hea
This lidar may be used to scan buildings, rock formations, et cetera, to produce a 3D model. The lidar can aim its laser beam in a wide range: its head rotates horizontally; a mirror tilts vertically. The laser beam is used to measure the distance to the first object on its path.
Lidar scanning performed with a multicopter UAV
Lidar scanning performed with a multicopter UAV