1.
Tinker Bell (film)
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Tinker Bell is a 2008 computer animated film and the first installment in the Disney Fairies franchise produced by DisneyToon Studios. Unlike Disneys two Peter Pan films featuring the character, which were produced using traditional animation, Tinker Bell was produced using digital 3D modeling. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Walt Disney Home Video on September 18,2008, Tinker Bell is the first Disney film to feature Tinker Bell in a speaking role. Actress Brittany Murphy was originally selected for the part, before the role went to Mae Whitman, Tinker Bell is born from the first laugh of a baby, and is brought by the winds to Pixie Hollow. She learns that her talent is to be one of the tinkers, two other tinker fairies, Bobble and Clank, teach her their craft, and tell her about the fairies who visit the mainland to bring each season. Tinker Bell is thrilled and cannot wait to go to the mainland for spring, while out working, she meets Silvermist, a water fairy, Rosetta, a garden fairy, Iridessa, a light fairy, and Fawn, an animal fairy. After meeting them, she notices Vidia, a fairy who immediately dislikes her because of her unusually strong talent. Vidia challenges her to prove she will be able to go to the mainland, and Tinker Bell creates several inventions, but Tinker Bell soon learns from Queen Clarion that only nature-talent fairies visit the mainland. She tries her hand at nature skills, making dewdrops with Silvermist, lighting fireflies with Iridessa, and trying with Fawn to teach baby birds to fly, meanwhile, Bobble and Clank cover for Tinker Bell when questioned by Fairy Mary, the tinker fairy overseer. When Tinker Bell returns, she tries to explain, but Mary simply responds that she knows, on the beach, Tinker Bell finds parts of a music box and figures out how to put them together. But Tinker Bell still wants to go to the mainland and she asks Rosetta if she will still teach her to be a garden fairy, but Rosetta says she thinks that tinkering is Tinker Bells talent. As a last resort, Tinker Bell asks Vidia for help in becoming a garden fairy, Vidia craftily tells her that capturing the sprinting thistles would prove her worth. However, once she sees Tinker Bell making progress, she lets the captured thistles loose, Tinker Bell decides to leave, but after talking with the light-keeper, Terence, about how important his job is, she realizes the importance of a tinker. Tinker Bell redeems herself by inventing machines that quicken the process of decorating flowers, ladybugs and this allows the other fairies to get back on schedule, thus saving the arrival of spring. Vidia is punished for prompting her to cause the chaos, Tinker Bell is given the task of delivering the music box to its original owner. The narrator ends by saying that when lost toys are found or a broken clock starts to work, Mae Whitman as Tinker Bell, a tinker fairy born of a babys first laugh. She is fascinated by stories about the mainland, and is discouraged to learn that tinkers do not go there. She tries to learn other skills before finally accepting, with the help of her friends
2.
Tinker Bell (film series)
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Tinker Bell is a computer animated fantasy film series produced by DisneyToon Studios as part of the Disney Fairies franchise. Voices of Mae Whitman, Raven-Symoné, Lucy Liu, America Ferrera, Kristin Chenoweth, a fifth title, Pixie Hollow Games, was supposed to be based on all four seasons, but it was released before Secret of the Wings and scaled down. A sixth film, titled The Pirate Fairy, was released April 1,2014, followed by the release of a seventh film Tinker Bell, the series is a spin-off of and prequel to Peter Pan and its sequel, Return to Never Land. Tinker Bell is born from the first laugh of a baby and she learns that her talent is to be one of the tinkers, the fairies who make and fix things. Two other tinker fairies, Bobble and Clank, teach her their craft, Tink is thrilled and cant wait to go to the mainland for spring. While out working, she meets Silvermist, a fairy, Rosetta, a garden fairy, Iridessa, a light fairy, and Fawn. After meeting them, she notices Vidia, a fairy who immediately dislikes her because of her unusually strong talent. Vidia challenges her to prove shell be able to go to the mainland, and Tink creates several inventions, but Tinker Bell soon learns from Queen Clarion that only nature-talent fairies visit the mainland. She tries her hand at nature skills—making dewdrops with Silvermist, lighting fireflies with Iridessa, meanwhile, Bobble and Clank cover for Tink when questioned by Fairy Mary, the tinker fairy overseer. When Tinker Bell returns, she tries to explain, but Mary simply responds that she knows, on the beach, Tinker Bell finds parts of a music box and figures out how to put them together. But Tinker Bell still wants to go to the mainland and she asks Rosetta if shell still teach her to be a garden fairy, but Rosetta says that tinkering is Tinker Bells talent. As a last resort, Tinker Bell asks Vidia for help in becoming a garden fairy, Vidia craftily tells her that capturing the sprinting thistles would prove her worth. However, once she sees Tink making progress, she lets the captured thistles loose, Tink decides to leave, but after talking with the dust-keeper Terence about how important his job is, she realizes the importance of a tinker. Tinker Bell redeems herself by inventing machines that quicken the process of decorating flowers, ladybugs and this allows the other fairies to get back on schedule, thus saving the arrival of spring. Vidia is punished for prompting her to cause the chaos, Tinker Bell is given the task of delivering the music box to its original owner. The narrator ends by saying that when lost toys are found or a broken clock starts to work, the fairies are getting ready for the season of leaves, Halloween, Thanksgiving, and pumpkins, autumn. Every eight years they create a new fall scepter to hold a precious moonstone and this moonstone will create blue pixie dust that will restore the Pixie Dust Tree. It is the tinker fairies turn to create the new scepter, Tinker Bell gets her friend Terrence to help with the scepter project, but she has trouble coping with Terence because he tries too hard to be helpful
3.
Pixie (X-Men)
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Pixie is a fictional Superhero and mutant appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Her mutation grants her pixie-like eyes, colorful wings that allow her to fly, after a confrontation with the revived former member of the New Mutants, Magik, she gains the ability to use magic and a magical weapon called the Souldagger. Her main use of magic is a massive teleportation spell, which makes her a key asset to various X-Men missions and teams and she was first introduced as a student on the Paragons training squad at the Xavier Institute in New X-Men, vol. 2, later joining the New X-Men team, and later graduating to the Uncanny X-Men team, though only a side character in her initial appearances, she has since become a prominent character in various X-Men titles. Pixie first appeared in New X-Men, Academy X #5 and was created by Nunzio DeFilippis, Christina Weir, Megan Gwynn is a Welsh teenager from a fictional mining town called Abergylid. Her father died in the mine and because of that she develops a fear of it and she would later discover he wasnt really her father, but the villainous Mastermind. Lady Mastermind and Mastermind II are her half-sisters, in her original inception, she had short pink hair, pure black eyes and butterfly-like rainbow wings. After enrolling at Xavier Institute, Pixie is assigned to be part of the Paragons training squad under the tutelage of former New Mutant member Rahne Sinclair and she wears a bicycle helmet during training sessions, due to her uncertainty with flying. During this time, she develops a crush on the X-Man Cyclops and is considered a girl who fits in well with other students. Following the events of House of M, almost all of the Institutes students are depowered, Pixie is one of only twenty-seven students, including her fellow Paragons Trance, Wolf Cub, and Match, not to have lost her mutant abilities. She participates in Emma Frosts battle royal which determines who will train to be an X-Man and she remains at the school, appearing occasionally as a side character. Later, forty-two of Pixies former classmates are killed when their bus is blown up by a missile sent by William Stryker, among the confirmed deaths are Gwynns fellow Paragon, DJ. Pixie, along with Anole, Loa, Wolf Cub, Rockslide, Pixie stays by Blindfolds side during the fight, and Blindfold cautions Pixie and the others that Pixie must not fall to darkness. Pixie uses her powers on-panel for the first time during the fight, after Darkchilde saves the small group, she asks Nastirh to bring Pixie to her, recognizing that Pixies soul is the most innocent and therefore the most powerful in Limbo. His intervention saves her, but leaves the spell unfinished, resulting in the creation of only one Bloodstone, Magik teaches Pixie a teleportation spell and she uses it to teleport herself and her friends to Belasco to prevent him from torturing the rest of the students. Pixie saves the students and ultimately kills Belasco by stabbing him with the Souldagger, Pixie and Anole are then made official members of the New X-Men for their bravery in Limbo at the insistence of Rockslide. Pixie later reveals that Doctor Strange will tutor her in magic when she comes of age and they are confronted by Lady Deathstrike and the Reavers with Hellion receiving a near mortal injury. Greatly outnumbered, Pixie panics and cannot teleport the team out until Rictor, however, Predator X later attacks the Institute, going after the weaker, wounded students in the infirmary
4.
Peter Pan
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Peter Pan is a character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie. In addition to two works by Barrie, the character has been featured in a variety of media and merchandise. These include a 1953 animated film, a 2003 dramatic/live-action film, a TV series and many other works. J. M. Barrie first used Peter Pan as a character in a section of The Little White Bird, an adult novel where he appears as a seven-day-old baby in the chapter entitled Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens. He returned to the character of Peter Pan as the centre of his play entitled Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldnt Grow Up. Barrie later adapted and expanded the story line as a novel, published in 1911 as Peter. Barrie never described Peters appearance in detail, even in his novel, leaving it to the imagination of the reader, in the play, Peters outfit is made of autumn leaves and cobwebs. His name and playing the flute or pipes suggest the mythological character Pan, Barrie mentions in Peter and Wendy that Peter Pan still had all his first teeth. He describes him as a boy with a beautiful smile, clad in skeleton leaves. Traditionally, the character has been played on stage by an adult woman. In the original productions in the UK, Peter Pans costume was a tunic and dark green tights. This costume is exhibited in Barries Birthplace, the similar costume worn by Pauline Chase is displayed in the Museum of London. Early editions of adaptations of the story also depict a red costume but a green costume becomes more usual from the 1920s, and more so later after the release of Disneys animated movie. In the Disney films, Peter wears an outfit consists of a short-sleeved green tunic and tights apparently made of cloth. He has pointed ears, brown eyes and his hair is red. In Hook, the character is played as an adult by Robin Williams, with eyes and dark brown hair, in flashbacks to him in his youth. In this film his ears appear pointed only when he is Peter Pan and his Pan attire resembles the Disney outfit. In the live-action 2003 Peter Pan film, he is portrayed by Jeremy Sumpter and his outfit is made of leaves and vines
5.
Peter and Wendy
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Peter Pan, or, the Boy Who Wouldnt Grow Up or Peter and Wendy is J. M. Barries most famous work, in the form of a 1904 play and a 1911 novel. Peter has many stories involving Wendy Darling and her two brothers, his fairy Tinker Bell, the Lost Boys, and the pirate Captain Hook, the play and novel were inspired by Barries friendship with the Llewelyn Davies family. Barrie continued to revise the play for years after its debut until publication of the script in 1928. The play debuted in London on 27 December 1904 with Nina Boucicault, daughter of playwright Dion Boucicault, a Broadway production was mounted in 1905 starring Maude Adams. It was later revived with such actresses as Marilyn Miller and Eva Le Gallienne, the play is now rarely performed in its original form on stage in the United Kingdom, whereas pantomime adaptations are frequently staged around Christmas. In the U. S. the original version has also been supplanted in popularity by the 1954 musical version, the novel was first published in 1911 by Hodder & Stoughton in the United Kingdom and Charles Scribners Sons in the United States. The original book contains a frontispiece and 11 half-tone plates by artist F. D. Bedford, the novel was first abridged by May Byron in 1915, with Barries permission, and published under the title Peter Pan and Wendy, the first time this form was used. This version was illustrated by Mabel Lucie Attwell in 1921. In 1929, Barrie gave the copyright of the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital, Barrie created Peter Pan in stories he told to the sons of his friend Sylvia Llewelyn Davies, with whom he had forged a special relationship. Mrs. Llewelyn Daviess death from cancer came within a few years after the death of her husband, Barrie was named as co-guardian of the boys and unofficially adopted them. The characters name comes from two sources, Peter Llewelyn Davies, one of the boys, and Pan, the mischievous Greek god of the woodlands. Andrew Birkin has suggested that the inspiration for the character was Barries elder brother David, according to Birkin, the death was a catastrophe beyond belief, and one from which she never fully recovered. If Margaret Ogilvy drew a measure of comfort from the notion that David, in dying a boy, would remain a boy for ever, the Peter Pan character first appeared in print in the 1902 novel The Little White Bird, written for adults. The character was used in the stage play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldnt Grow Up that premiered in London on 27 December 1904. In 1906, the chapters of The Little White Bird which featured Peter Pan was published as the book Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, Barrie then adapted the play into the 1911 novel Peter and Wendy. The original draft of the play was entitled simply Anon, A Play, Barries working titles for it included The Great White Father and Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Hated Mothers. Although the character appeared previously in Barries book The Little White Bird, the two versions differ in some details of the story, but have much in common. In both versions Peter makes night-time calls on the Darlings house in Bloomsbury, listening in on Mrs. Mary Darlings bedtime stories by the open window, one night Peter is spotted and, while trying to escape, he loses his shadow
6.
J. M. Barrie
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Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM was a Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered today as the creator of Peter Pan. He was born and educated in Scotland but moved to London, although he continued to write successfully, Peter Pan overshadowed his other work, and is credited with popularising the name Wendy. Barrie unofficially adopted the Davies boys following the deaths of their parents, Barrie was made a baronet by George V on 14 June 1913, and a member of the Order of Merit in the 1922 New Year Honours. Before his death, he gave the rights to the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London, James Matthew Barrie was born in Kirriemuir, Angus to a conservative Calvinist family. His father David Barrie was a successful weaver. His mother Margaret Ogilvy had assumed her mothers household responsibilities at the age of eight. Barrie was the child of ten, all of whom were schooled in at least the three Rs in preparation for possible professional careers. His siblings were, Alexander, Mary Ann, Jane, Elizabeth, Agnes, David Ogilvy, Sarah, Isabella and he was a small child and drew attention to himself with storytelling. He only grew to 5 ft 3 1⁄2 in, when he was 6 years old, Barries next-older brother David died two days before his 14th birthday in an ice-skating accident. This left his mother devastated, and Barrie tried to fill Davids place in his mothers attentions, even wearing Davids clothes, one time, Barrie entered her room and heard her say, Is that you. I thought it was the boy she was speaking to, wrote Barrie in his biographical account of his mother Margaret Ogilvy and I said in a little lonely voice, No, its no him. Barries mother found comfort in the fact that her son would remain a boy forever, never to grow up. Eventually, Barrie and his mother entertained each other stories of her brief childhood and books such as Robinson Crusoe, works by fellow Scotsman Walter Scott. At the age of 8, Barrie was sent to the Glasgow Academy in the care of his eldest siblings Alexander and Mary Ann, when he was 10, he returned home and continued his education at the Forfar Academy. At 14, he left home for Dumfries Academy, again under the watch of Alexander and he became a voracious reader, and was fond of Penny Dreadfuls and the works of Robert Michael Ballantyne and James Fenimore Cooper. At Dumfries, he and his friends spent time in the garden of Moat Brae house and they formed a drama club, producing his first play Bandelero the Bandit, which provoked a minor controversy following a scathing moral denunciation from a clergyman on the schools governing board. Barrie knew that he wished to follow a career as an author, however, his family attempted to persuade him to choose a profession such as the ministry. With advice from Alexander, he was able to out a compromise, he would attend a university
7.
Voice acting
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Voice acting is the art of doing voice-overs or providing voices to represent a character or to provide information to an audience or user. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games, performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists, or voice talent. Their roles may also involve singing, although a voice actor is sometimes cast as the characters singing voice. Voice acting is recognised in Britain as a specialized dramatic profession, Voice artists are also used to record the individual sample fragments played back by a computer in an automated announcement. The voices for animated characters are provided by voice actors, for live action productions, voice acting often involves reading the parts of computer programs, radio dispatchers, or other characters who never actually appear on screen. With a radio drama or CD drama, there is freedom in voice acting, because there is no need to match a dub to the original actors. In the context of voice acting, narration is the use of commentary to convey a story to an audience. A narrator is a character or a non-personal voice that the creator of the story develops to deliver information to the audience. The voice actor who plays the narrator is responsible for performing the lines assigned to the narrator. In traditional literary narratives, narration is a story element, in other types of narratives, such as plays, television shows, video games. One of the most common uses for voice acting is within commercial advertising, the voice actor is hired to voice a message associated with the advertisement. This has different subgenres, television, radio, cinema, the subgenres are all different styles in their own right. Voiceover used in commercial adverts also is the area of voice acting where de-breathing is used. De-breathing means artificially removing breaths from the recorded voice and this is done to stop the audience being distracted in any way from the commercial message that is being put across. Dub localization is a type of voice-over and it is the practice of voice-over translation altering a foreign language film, art film or television series by voice actors. Voice-over translation is an audiovisual translation technique, in which, unlike in Dub localization, actor voices are recorded over the audio track. This method of translation is most often used in documentaries and news reports to translate words of foreign-language interviewees, automated dialogue replacement is the process of re-recording dialogue by the original actor after the filming process to improve audio quality or reflect dialogue changes. ADR is also used to change original lines recorded on set to clarify context, improve diction or timing, in the UK, it is also called post-synchronization or post-sync
8.
Fairy
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A fairy is a type of mythical being or legendary creature in European folklore, a form of spirit, often described as metaphysical, supernatural, or preternatural. According to Thomas Keightley, the word derives from the Latin fata. Other forms are the Italian fata, and the Provençal fada, in old French romance, fee was a woman skilled in magic, and who knew the power and virtue of words, of stones, and of herbs. Faierie became fairy, but with that now almost exclusively referring to one of the legendary people. The word fairy was used to represent an illusion, or enchantment, to the word faie was added the suffix -erie, used to express either a place where something is found or a trade or typical activity engaged in. In later usage it applied to any kind of quality or activity associated with a particular type of person. In the sense land where fairies dwell, the distinctive and archaic spellings Faery, the latinate fay is not to be confused with the unrelated fey, meaning fated to die. Various folkloristic traditions refer to them euphemistically, by such as wee folk, good folk, people of peace, fair folk. Sometimes the term fairy is used to any magical creature, including goblins or gnomes, at other times. Fairies have their origin in the conflation of Celtic traditions in the Middle French medieval romances. Fairie was in origin used adjectivally, meaning enchanted, but was used as a name for enchanted creatures from as early as the Late Middle English period. In English literature of the Elizabethan era, elves became conflated with the fairies of Romance culture, the Victorian and Edwardian eras saw an increase in interest in fairies. The Celtic Revival viewed them as part of Irelands cultural heritage, carole Silvers and others suggest that the fascination of English antiquarians arose from a reaction to greater industrialization, and loss of folkways. Fairies are generally described as human in appearance and having magical powers, even with these small fairies, however, their small size may be magically assumed rather than constant. Some fairies though normally quite small were able to dilate their figures to imitate humans, on Orkney they were described as short in stature, dressed in dark grey, and sometimes seen in armour. Wings, while common in Victorian and later artwork of fairies, are rare in the folklore, even very small fairies flew with magic. Nowadays, fairies are depicted with ordinary insect wings or butterfly wings. In some folklore, fairies have green eyes, some depictions of fairies either have them wearing some sort of footwear and other depictions of fairies are always barefoot
9.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
10.
Peter Pan (1953 film)
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Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldnt Grow Up by J. M. Barrie. It is the 14th Disney animated feature film and was released on February 5,1953. Peter Pan is the final Disney animated feature released through RKO before Walt Disneys founding of his own company, Buena Vista Distribution. Peter Pan is also the final Disney film in all nine members of Disneys Nine Old Men worked together as directing animators. It is also the second Disney animated film starring Kathryn Beaumont, Heather Angel, the film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. A sequel titled Return to Never Land was released in 2002, and their father, who is fed up with the stories that have made his children less practical, angrily declares that Wendy has gotten too old to continue staying in the nursery with them. That night, they are visited in the nursery by Peter Pan himself, who teaches them to fly with the help of his friend, Tinker Bell. A ship of pirates is anchored off Never Land, commanded by Captain Hook with his sidekick, Mr. Smee. Hook boldly plots to take revenge upon Peter Pan for cutting off his hand, but trembles at the presence of a crocodile, the crews restlessness is interrupted by the arrival of Peter and the Darlings. Tinker Bell, who is jealous of Pan’s attention to Wendy, persuades the Lost Boys that Pan has ordered them to shoot down Wendy. Tinker Bells treachery is soon out, and Peter banishes her. John and Michael set off with the Lost Boys to find the islands Indians, meanwhile, Peter takes Wendy to see the mermaids. The mischievous mermaids delight in tormenting Wendy but flee in terror at the sight of Hook, Peter and Wendy see that Hook and Smee have captured Tiger Lily so that they might persuade her to disclose Peters hideout. Peter and Wendy free her, and Peter is honored by the tribe, Hook then plots to take advantage of Tinker Bells jealousy of Wendy, tricking her into revealing the location of Peters lair. Wendy and her brothers eventually grow homesick and plan to return home and they invite Peter and the Lost Boys to return to London and be adopted by the Darling parents. The Lost Boys agree, but Peter is so set against growing up that he refuses, the pirates lie in wait and capture the Lost Boys and the Darlings as they exit, leaving behind a time bomb to kill Peter. Tinker Bell learns of the plot just in time to snatch the bomb from Peter as it explodes, Peter rescues Tinker Bell from the rubble and together they confront the pirates, releasing the children before they can walk the plank. Peter engages Hook in single combat as the fight off the crew
11.
Peter Pan in Scarlet
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Peter Pan in Scarlet is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean. It is marketed as the sequel to J. M. Barries Peter and Wendy, authorised by Great Ormond Street Hospital, to whom Barrie granted all rights to the character. McCaughrean was selected following a competition launched in 2004, in which novelists were invited to submit a sample chapter and plot outline. The book continues the story of the Lost Boys, the Darling family, the book was released internationally on 5 October 2006. In Britain it was released with an illustration and interior silhouettes by David Wyatt. The US edition features interior silhouette illustrations by Scott M. Fischer, the book was also released in audio format in the UK and US. A new edition, fully illustrated in colour by David Wyatt, the novel opens with John Darling suffering from vivid, realistic dreams about Neverland. Wendy tells the former Lost Boys, now known as Old Boys, in order to fly, they need fairy dust so Wendy finds a baby and waits for its first laugh. They come across the fairy Fireflyer, a fairy who eats non-stop who tells them that in order to get back to Neverland. To do this, they must wear their childrens clothing, Tootles turns into a girl because he only has daughters. Nibs decides not to come at all because he would miss his children too much, Peter has been dreaming of the Darlings as well, but when they and their Newfoundland puppy finally return to Neverland, he seems indifferent. He does not even notice that Nibs is absent, nor that Michael Darling is dead and he is concerned only with having the best adventure in the world. When the Neverwood catches fire, Peter and company escape the island by way of the Jolly Roger, while on board, Captain Pan discovers the late Captain Hooks second-best coat and finds a treasure map of Neverland in the pocket. Sensing an adventure coming on, he wants to head to the mountain of Neverpeak to claim James Hooks treasure. Peter allows the mysterious circus master Ravello, whose circus has been destroyed in the fire, Ravello urges Peter to wear the red coat. During the journey, Peter grows more and more irritable and he develops a harsh cough, and it seems that whenever he wears the coat he is grouchiest. The hike up Neverpeak is particularly arduous, when the band finally reaches the summit of Neverpeak, Peter is impatient to get at the treasure, because he has a feeling there is something inside he wants so much. He looks like a version of Captain Hook, complete with long black hair
12.
Disney Fairies
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Disney Fairies is a Disney franchise created in 2005. The franchise is built around the character of Tinker Bell from Walt Disneys 1953 animated film Peter Pan, the characters are referred to within stories as Neverland fairies. That was the beginning of fairies, the fairies generally reside in the Home Tree, a towering, massive tree located in the very heart of Pixie Hollow in Neverland. Various groups of work and live nearby as well. Most of the characters are young and female, but older, taller. The males are referred to as sparrow men, though the term fairies is used to refer to both female and male fairy characters. Blaze is a baby firefly that joins Tinker Bell on her quest to find the mystical Mirror of Incanta that grants only one of three wishes, bobble is a tinker-talent sparrowman and Clanks best friend. He is small, very slender, and hand-sized with red hair, bright eyes, pointy ears, fair skin and wears water drop goggles, a leafy sleeveless top. His real name is Phineas T. Kettletree, Esquire and he has a Scottish accent, bolt is one of the dust-talent sparrow men. Buck is a new animal sparrow man of Welsh descent and he is small, slender, and hand-sized with brown hair, green eyes, fair skin, and pointy ears and wears an orange sports shirt. Chloe is a new garden fairy of Thai descent and she is small, slender, and hand-sized with brown hair, brown eyes, fair skin, and pointy ears. She wears a pink dress and leggings. Clank is a tinker-talent sparrow man and he has black hair and dark brown eyes, fair skin, pointy ears and wears a leafy sleeveless top and shorts. He speaks with a Cockney accent, dewey is the Keeper of all fairy knowledge. He is small, portly, and hand-sized with white hair and mustache, aqua eyes, fair skin, and pointy ears and wears a coat, spectacles. Dr. Martin Griffiths is a British insect scientist and Lizzys father and he is slender with fair skin, brown hair and eyes. He wears a green vest, a shirt, and a black bowtie. He is the main antagonist of the third film, elizabeth “Lizzy” Griffiths is a pretty 9-year-old British girl and the scientists daughter
13.
Tinsmith
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A tinsmith, sometimes known as a whitesmith, tinner, tinker, tinman, or tinplate worker is a person who makes and repairs things made of tinware, or other light metals. By extension it can refer to the person who deals in tinware. A whitesmith may work with tin, pewter, or other materials, unlike blacksmiths, tinsmiths do the majority of their work on cold metal. The term is applied to metalworkers who do only finishing work – such as filing or polishing – on iron. Whitesmiths fabricate items such as tin or pewter cups, water pitchers, forks, spoons, the tinsmith, or white smith, learned his trade, like many other artisans, by serving an apprenticeship of 4 to 6 years with a master tinsmith. He learned first to make cake stamps, pill boxes and other simple items, next, he formed objects such as milk pails, basins, cake and pie pans. Later he tackled more complicated pieces such as chandeliers and crooked-spout coffee pots, after his apprenticeship was completed, he then became a journeyman, not yet being a master smith employing others. Many young tinsmiths took to the road as peddlers or tinkers in an effort to save money to open a shop in town. Tinplate consists of iron coated with tin and then run through rollers. This process was first discovered in the 16th century, but was not introduced to England until about the 1720s, previously Great Britain had imported most tinplate from Hamburg. The British Iron Act of 1750 prohibited the erection of new rolling mills, pure tin is an expensive and soft metal and it is not practical to use it alone. However it could be alloyed with lead and copper to make pewter or alloyed with copper alone to produce bronze, todays tinplate is mild steel electroplated with tin. Its non-rusting qualities make it an invaluable coating, however, its quality depends on the iron or steel being free from rust and the surface tin an unbroken coating. When you see rust on a piece of tinware it is because the tin coating has worn away or been cut in the metal, the respective properties of the metals mean that corrosion once started is likely to be rapid. The simple shapes made by the tinsmith required only a few basic tools, in addition to the big shears anchored in a hole in his bench he used hand snips and nippers for cutting. The tin was flattened on a made of a block of steel. Straight and curved anvils were used to turn and roll the edges of the tin, solder was then used to join the pieces together, a soldering iron and fire pot were needed to do this. Tinwares were being produced in London by the 1630s, being known as Crooked Lane Wares, the Worshipful Company of Tin Plate Workers were incorporated as a separate London Livery Company in 1670
14.
Dave Barry
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David McAlister Dave Barry is a Pulitzer Prize winning American author and columnist, who wrote a nationally syndicated humor column for the Miami Herald from 1983 to 2005. He has also numerous books of humor and parody, as well as comedic novels. Barry was born in Armonk, New York, where his father and he was educated at Wampus Elementary School, Harold C. Crittenden Junior High School, and Pleasantville High School where he was elected Class Clown in 1965 and he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Haverford College in 1969. As an alumnus of a Quaker-affiliated college, he avoided military service during the Vietnam War by registering as a conscientious objector. Notwithstanding his fathers vocation, Barry decided early on that he was an atheist and he said, The problem with writing about religion is that you run the risk of offending sincerely religious people, and then they come after you with machetes. Barry began his career in 1971, working as a general assignment reporter for the Daily Local News in West Chester, Pennsylvania, near his alma mater. He covered local government and civic events and was promoted to City Editor after about two years and he also started writing a weekly humor column for the paper and began to develop his unique style. He remained at the newspaper through 1974 and he then worked briefly as a copy editor at the Associated Presss Philadelphia bureau before joining Burger Associates, a consulting firm. At Burger, he taught writing to business people. Weingarten hired Barry as a humor columnist in 1983, Barry won a Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 1988 for his consistently effective use of humor as a device for presenting fresh insights into serious concerns. Barrys first novel, Big Trouble, was published in 1999, the book was adapted into a motion picture directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and starring Tim Allen, Rene Russo, and Patrick Warburton, with a cameo by Barry. The movie was due for release in September 2001 but was postponed following the September 11,2001 attacks because the story involved smuggling a nuclear weapon onto an airplane. The film was released in April 2002, Barry traveled to Grand Forks for the dedication ceremony. Articles written by Barry have appeared in such as Boating, Home Office Computing. Two of his articles have included in the Best American Sportswriting series. One of his columns was used as the introduction to the book Pirattitude, so You Wanna Be a Pirate. A follow-up to Barrys role in publicizing International Talk Like a Pirate Day and his books have frequently appeared on the New York Times Best Seller List
15.
Ridley Pearson
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Ridley Pearson is an American author of suspense and thriller novels for adults, and adventure books for children. Some of his books have appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list, Pearson became the first American to receive the Raymond Chandler-Fulbright Fellowship at Oxford University in 1991. He received the Quill Award from the Missouri Writers Hall of Fame and this award serves as a reminder of the importance of writing, and encourages young people to develop their own joy for writing. Ridley also wrote three Chris Klick mysteries under the pseudonym of Wendell McCall, the play received five Tony awards at the ceremony on June 10,2012. The play went on a tour in 2013-14. Pearson and Barry have produced three additional prequels – Peter and the Shadow Thieves, Peter and the Secret of Rundoon, and Peter, another Peter-related book published by the duo is Bridge to Neverland. Book 6, The Kingdom Keepers, Dark Passage also takes place on the Disney Dream, book 7, The Kingdom Keepers, The Insider ends the series in Disneyland. Pearson has also written Steel Trapp, The Challenge and Steel Trapp, also with Dave Barry, Ridley Pearson has written Science Fair and three Never Land books, Escape from the Carnivale, Cave of the Dark Wind, and Blood Tide. Pearson was raised by his parents, Robert and Betsy Pearson, in Riverside, Connecticut, along with his siblings, Bradbury and he was educated at the University of Kansas, and Brown University. He lived in Shanghai, China from summer 2008 to summer 2009 and his residence is in Saint Louis, Missouri, with his wife, Marcelle, and their two daughters Paige and Storey. He also has played guitar and sung for the Rock Bottom Remainders. The Seizing of Yankee Green Mall, ISBN 0-7868-6172-X. as Joyce Reardon, Ph. D. An interactive ebook about his participation in a band, the Rock Bottom Remainders
16.
HM Revenue and Customs
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HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and Her Majestys Customs and Excise which took effect on 18 April 2005. The departments logo is the St Edwards Crown enclosed within a circle, responsibility for the protection of the UKs borders passed to UK Visas and Immigration of the UK Border Agency within the Home Office on 1 April 2008 and then to UK Visas and Immigration in 2013. This includes all of the previous HMCE criminal work such as Tobacco Alcohol and they have aligned their previous Customs and Excise powers to tackle previous Inland Revenue criminal offences. They are responsible for seizing billions of pounds of HMGs revenue. Their skills and resources include the range of intrusive and covert surveillance. HMRC inland detection officers have wide-ranging powers of arrest, entry, search, the main power is to detain anyone who has committed, or whom the officer has reasonable grounds to suspect has committed, any offence under the Customs and Excise Acts. HMRC is also listed under parts of the British Government which contribute to intelligence collection, analysis and their prosecution cases may be coordinated with the Police or the Crown Prosecution Service. The department is organised around four groups, each led by a director general. The next 8,400 business are dealt with via Customer Co-ordinators who provide a point of contact with HMRC. The merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs & Excise was announced by then Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown in the Budget on 17 March 2004, the name for the new department and its first executive chairman, David Varney, were announced on 9 May 2004. The Act also creates a Revenue and Customs Prosecutions Office responsible for the prosecution of all Revenue, the old Inland Revenue and Customs & Excise departments had very different historical bases, internal cultures and legal powers. The merger was described by the Financial Times on 9 July 2004, legislation to introduce new information and inspection powers was included in Finance Act 2008. The new consolidated penalty regime was introduced via Finance Act 2007, in addition,2,500 staff would be redeployed to front-line activities. Estimates suggested this may save around £300 million in staff costs, in addition, certain investigatory functions moved to the new Serious Organised Crime Agency, as well as prosecutions moving to the new Revenue and Customs Prosecution Office. A further programme of job cuts and office closures was announced on 16 November 2006, whilst some of the offices closed will be in bigger cities where other offices already exist, many will be in local, rural areas, where there is no other HMRC presence. In May 2009, staff morale in HMRC was the lowest of 11 government departments surveyed. In 2013, HMRC began to introduce an update to the PAYE system, a trial of the new system began in April 2012, and all employers switched by October 2013. In 2012 Revenue Scotland was formed and on 1 April 2015 it took HMRC responsibility to collect Stamp Duty Land Tax, on 12 November 2015 HMRC proposed to close 137 local offices and replace them with 13 regional centres by 2027
17.
Peter Pan (1954 musical)
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Peter Pan is a musical adaptation of J. M. Barries 1904 play Peter Pan and Barries own novelization of it, Peter and Wendy. The music is mostly by Mark Moose Charlap, with music by Jule Styne. The original 1954 Broadway production, starring Mary Martin as Peter and Cyril Ritchard as Captain Hook and it was followed by NBC telecasts of it in 1955,1956, and 1960 with the same stars, plus several rebroadcasts of the 1960 telecast. In 2014, the musical was broadcast on NBC featuring several new numbers, the show has enjoyed several revivals onstage. Several productions of Peter Pan were staged early in the 20th century, starting in London in 1904, starring Nina Boucicault as Peter and on Broadway in 1905, starring Maude Adams. Producer Edwin Lester, founder and director of the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera, in this ending, Peter returns after many years to take Wendy back to Never Never Land for spring cleaning. He finds that he has been away so long that Wendy is now an adult, despondent at first, he is delighted when Wendys daughter Jane offers to be his new mother, and instead takes her with him. The musical premiered at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco on July 19,1954, the initial four-week run was followed by an eight-week engagement in Los Angeles. The show opened on Broadway on October 20,1954 at the Winter Garden Theatre for a limited run of 152 performances. The busy 1954 Broadway season also included The Boy Friend, Fanny, Silk Stockings, the revised score and Tony Award-winning performances by Martin and Cyril Ritchard made the musical a critical success, and tickets sold out throughout the Broadway run. The show closed on February 26,1955 to prepare for the television broadcast, a Broadway cast album was made of the songs, and it is still in print today. In 1954, Fred Coe, production manager for NBC in New York, began producing Producers Showcase, one aim of the series was to broadcast expensive color spectaculars to promote the new color television system developed by NBCs parent company RCA. On March 7,1955, NBC presented Peter Pan live as part of Producers Showcase as the first full-length Broadway production on color TV, the show attracted a then-record audience of 65-million viewers, the highest ever up to that time for a single television program. Mary Martin and Cyril Ritchard had already won Tony Awards for their stage performances and it was so well received that the musical was restaged live for television on January 9,1956. Both of these broadcasts were produced live and in color, Peter Pan was restaged on December 8,1960, this time in a 100-minute version rather than 90 minutes, and with a slightly different cast because the original children had outgrown their roles. Producers Showcase had long gone off the air, so the 1960 production was intended as a stand alone special instead of an episode of an anthology series. Act II was split into two acts, for a total of five instead of three, to allow for more commercial breaks. This version was videotaped in color at NBCs Brooklyn studio, Martin was also starring in Broadways The Sound of Music at the time
18.
Celesta
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The celesta /sᵻˈlɛstə/ or celeste /sᵻˈlɛst/ is a struck idiophone operated by a keyboard. It looks similar to a piano, albeit with smaller keys. The keys connect to hammers that strike a set of metal plates or bars suspended over wooden resonators. Four- or five-octave models usually have a pedal that sustains or damps the sound. The three-octave instruments do not have a pedal because of their small table-top design, one of the best-known works that uses the celesta is Tchaikovskys Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker. The sound of the celesta is similar to that of the glockenspiel and this quality gave the instrument its name, celeste meaning heavenly in French. The celesta is used to enhance a melody line played by another instrument or section. The delicate, bell-like sound is not loud enough to be used in full ensemble sections, as well, the celesta is a transposing instrument, it sounds one octave higher than the written pitch. Its sounding range is considered to be C4 to C8. The original French instrument had a range, but because the lowest octave was considered somewhat unsatisfactory. The standard French four-octave instrument is now gradually being replaced in symphony orchestras by a larger, although it is a member of the percussion family, in orchestral terms it is more properly considered a member of the keyboard section and usually played by a keyboardist. The celesta part is written on two braced staves, called a grand staff. The celesta was invented in 1886 by Parisian harmonium builder Auguste Mustel and his father, Victor Mustel, had developed the forerunner of the celesta, the typophone, in 1860. This instrument produced sound by striking tuning forks instead of the plates that would be used in the celesta. The dulcitone functioned identically to the typophone and was developed concurrently in Scotland, the typophone/dulcitones uses were limited by its low volume, too quiet to be heard in a full orchestra. Pyotr Tchaikovsky is usually cited as the first major composer to use this instrument in a work for symphony orchestra. He first used it in his symphonic poem The Voyevoda, Op. posth. The following year, he used the celesta in passages in his ballet The Nutcracker, most notably in the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy, which also appears in the derived Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a
19.
Peter Pan (1924 film)
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Peter Pan is a 1924 silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie. It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook, Mary Brian as Wendy, Anna May Wong, a groundbreaking Chinese-American actress, played the Indian princess Tiger Lily. Later, the children feel homesick and wish to go home, Wendy invites Peter and the Lost Boys to come with them so they can be adopted. The Lost Boys are eager to do so, but Peter refuses because he does not wish to grow up. Wendy and her brothers and the Lost Boys are captured by the pirates, but rescued by Peter, Peter asks Wendy to return to Neverland with him, and Mrs. Darling agrees to allow Wendy to go back once a year to help Peter with his spring cleaning. Darling Cyril Chadwick as Mr. Darling Anna May Wong as Tiger Lily Maurice Murphy as Tootles Mickey McBan as Slightly George Crane Jr, Barrie selected Bronson for the role, and wrote additional scenes for the film, but Brenon stuck largely to the stageplay. Peter Pan was first released in the United States on 29 December 1924, in Germany, where the premiere took place in December 1925, the distributor was UFA. For decades, the film was thought to be lost, Film historian David Pierce discovered an additional and hitherto unknown 16mm copy at the Disney Studios which had been made when the company acquired the rights to the property in 1938. A new restoration was undertaken by the George Eastman House combining the two sources in 1994, and Philip C, carli composed new film music for it, which was premiered by the Flower City Society Orchestra at the 1996 Pordenone Silent Film Festival. The film was celebrated at the time for its use of special effects according to Disneys 45th anniversary video of their adaptation of Peter Pan. In 2000, this film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. The role of Tiger Lily, that was played by Anna May Wong a Chinese-American movie star as a stereotypical Native American princess, has become controversial over the years
20.
Virginia Brown Faire
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Virginia Brown Faire was an American silent-film actress, appearing in dramatic films and, later, in sound westerns. The daughter of Joseph Labuna and Martha Delsand, Faire was born Virginia Labuna in Brooklyn and she attended Wadleigh High School for Girls. Not long after she turned 15 years old that she presented herself at the Metro studio where she was almost immediately put on, shortly after she appeared in pictures for Fox, she was with Universal. Between 1920 and 1935, she appeared in some 75 films and her first film credit was the 1920 film Runnin Straight, a Hoot Gibson short western at Universal. Faire was the lady of John Gilbert in Monte Cristo. She was selected as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1923 and appeared with Wallace and she is most remembered for her role as Tinker Bell in the 1924 film Peter Pan. In 1926 she had a role in the Greta Garbo film The Temptress. She made it through the transition of sound, making a successful talkie in Frank Capras The Donovan Affair, Faire appeared in several westerns, opposite Hoot Gibson, Buck Jones, John Wayne and Ken Maynard. Faire left Hollywood for Chicago, Illinois in the late 1930s and she worked in radio and several films for industries prior to retiring to the west coast. Faire married actor Jack Dougherty on February 6,1927 and they separated after one month and reconciled briefly, but she filed for divorce in June of that same year. She married director Duke Worne in January 1930, in 1935, she married furniture manufacturer William Bayer, and they remained wed until her death. Faire died of cancer in 1980 in Laguna Beach, California, New York Times, Virginia Brown Faire,75, Actress, Starred in 1922 Monte Cristo, Page A15. Virginia Brown Faire at the Internet Movie Database Virginia Brown Faire at AllMovie Virginia Brown Faire at Find a Grave
21.
Walt Disney
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Walter Elias Walt Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons, as a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors, several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Born in Chicago in 1901, Disney developed an early interest in drawing and he took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial illustrator at the age of 18. He moved to California in the early 1920s and set up the Disney Brothers Studio with his brother Roy, with Ub Iwerks, Walt developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first highly popular success, he also provided the voice for his creation in the early years. As the studio grew, Disney became more adventurous, introducing synchronized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons, the results, seen in features such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi, furthered the development of animated film. New animated and live-action films followed after World War II, including the critically successful Cinderella and Mary Poppins, in the 1950s, Disney expanded into the amusement park industry, and in 1955 he opened Disneyland. In 1965, he began development of theme park, Disney World, the heart of which was to be a new type of city. Disney was a smoker throughout his life, and died of lung cancer in December 1966 before either the park or the EPCOT project were completed. Disney was a shy, self-deprecating and insecure man in private and he had high standards and high expectations of those with whom he worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic and his reputation changed in the years after his death, from a purveyor of homely patriotic values to a representative of American imperialism. Nevertheless, Disney is considered an icon, particularly in the United States. Walt Disney was born on December 5,1901, at 1249 Tripp Avenue and he was the fourth son of Elias Disney—born in the Province of Canada, to Irish parents—and Flora, an American of German and English descent. Aside from Disney, Elias and Calls sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy, in 1906, when Disney was four, the family moved to a farm in Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Robert had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in drawing when he was paid to draw the horse of a neighborhood doctor. Elias was a subscriber to the Appeal to Reason newspaper, Disney also began to develop an ability to work with watercolors and crayons. He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line and he and his younger sister Ruth started school at the same time at the Park School in Marceline in late 1909. In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas City, Missouri, before long, he was spending more time at the Pfeiffers house than at home
22.
Pixie
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Pixies are mythical creatures of folklore, considered to be particularly concentrated in the high moorland areas around Devon and Cornwall, suggesting some Celtic origin for the belief and name. Akin to the Irish and Scottish Aos Sí, pixies are believed to inhabit ancient underground ancestor sites such as circles, barrows, dolmens. Sometimes their eyes are described as being pointed upwards at the temple ends and these, however, are Victorian era conventions and not part of the older mythology. In modern use, the term can be synonymous with fairies or sprites, however, in folklore there is a traditional enmity, even war, between the two races. The origin of the name pixie is uncertain, some have speculated that it comes from the Swedish dialectal pyske meaning wee little fairy. The term Pobel Vian is often used to refer to them collectively, in west Penwith, the area of late survival of the Cornish language, spriggans are distinguished from pixies by their malevolent nature. Closely associated with tin mining in Cornwall are the subterranean ancestral knockers, Pixie mythology is believed to pre-date Christian presence in Britain. In the Christian era they were said to be the souls of children who had died un-baptised. These children would change their appearance to pixies once their clothing was placed in clay pots used in their earthly lives as toys. By 1869 some were suggesting that the name pixie was a remnant of Pictic tribes who used to paint and tattoo their skin blue. This suggestion is still met in contemporary writing, but there is no proven connection, the earliest published version of The Three Little Pigs story is from Dartmoor in 1853 and has three little pixies in place of the pigs. Until the advent of modern fiction, pixie mythology was localised to Britain. Some have noted similarities to northern fairies, Germanic and Scandinavian elves, before the mid-19th century, pixies and fairies were taken seriously in much of Cornwall and Devon. Books devoted to the beliefs of the peasantry are filled with incidents of pixie manifestations. Some locales are named for the associated with them. In Devon, near Challacombe, a group of rocks are named for the said to dwell there. At Trevose Head in Cornwall 600 pixies were said to have gathered dancing and laughing in a circle that had appeared upon the turf until one of their number, named Omfra, in some areas belief in pixies and fairies as real beings persists. In the legends associated with Dartmoor, pixies are said to themselves as a bundle of rags to lure children into their play
23.
Marilyn Monroe
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Marilyn Monroe was an American actress and model. Famous for playing comic dumb blonde characters, she one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s. Although she was an actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. She continues to be considered a popular culture icon. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes, while working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort, she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career. The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox and Columbia Pictures, after a series of minor film roles, she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951. Over the next two years, she became an actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business. Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for photos before becoming a star, but rather than damaging her career. Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career, she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project, when the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions. She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and her last completed film was the drama The Misfits. Monroes troubled private life received much attention and she struggled with substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She had two highly publicized marriages, to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller, both of which ended in divorce and she died at the age of 36 on August 5,1962, from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles. Although Monroes death was ruled a suicide, several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death. Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1,1926, Gladys, the daughter of two poor Midwestern migrants to California, was a flapper and worked as a film negative cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. When she was fifteen, Gladys married a man nine years her senior, John Newton Baker and she filed for divorce in 1921, and Baker took the children with him to his native Kentucky
24.
Margaret Kerry
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Margaret Kerry is an American actress, motivational speaker and radio host, best known for her 1953 work as the model for Tinker Bell in the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature, Peter Pan. Born in Los Angeles, California to John Riley and Mary Eleanor McCarty and she worked under her real name as a dancer and actor in three of the Our Gang comedy shorts. She attracted the attention of Eddie Cantor, who cast her in the role of his daughter in the film If You Knew Susie. Cantor thought Lynch needed a more theatrical-sounding name to be noticeable as an actor. She graduated from school with honors while working on the film. Still a teenager, Kerry played the role of Sharon in one of the first network sitcoms, The Ruggles, the shows farewell episode at the end of its three-year run featured Sharons wedding and honeymoon. Kerry also appeared in two episodes of The Andy Griffith Show, and a 1950 episode of The Lone Ranger and she provided numerous voices and live-action lead-ins for The New Three Stooges and Space Angel animated series for Cambria Productions. Kerry answered a call during the planning stages of the animated feature film Peter Pan. The audition, supervised by animator Marc Davis, required her to pantomime the motions that would be used as reference for the animation of Tinker Bell. She won the part and spent six months at the Disney Studios on an empty sound stage pantomiming the part. The studios provided props, notably a giant keyhole mounted on a stand as well as a pair of giant scissors, Kerry also provided the voice and reference movements of the red-haired mermaid in the Neverland lagoon scene. Since 1992, Kerry has been a producer, writer and host of Whats Up Weekly on KKLA-FM Los Angeles, the stations community services director, she heads an outreach program that connects to more than 200 non-profit service agencies. She attends conventions and signs autographs, including the Mid-Atlantic Nostalgia Convention and she is a certified seminar leader by the American Seminar Leaders Association and co-author and facilitator of the FUNdamentals of Speaking Seminars
25.
Walt Disney anthology television series
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The series was broadcast on Sunday for 25 of those years. The show has had two hosts, Walt Disney and Disney Chairman Michael Eisner. The original version of the series premiered on ABC on Wednesday, the show is the second longest running prime-time program on American television, behind rival film anthology, the Hallmark Hall of Fame. However, Hallmark Hall of Fame aired as a program during its first five seasons before becoming a bi-monthly program. Disney wanted to produce a program in order to finance the development of the Disneyland amusement park. After being turned down by both CBS and NBC, Disney eventually signed a deal with ABC on March 29,1954, consequently, Davy Crockett and other pioneers of the Old West, and American history in general appeared in Frontier Land. Topics for Fantasy Land would include either actual cartoons, and animated films, excerpts from a True-Life Adventure documentary may also be included or those using stroboscopic stop-action photography, explaining the techniques of cartoon animation. The multi-plane camera used to create the effects of Bambi was also as a topic for a Fantasy Land-set telecast. Tomorrow Land was an opportunity for the Disney studio staff to present cutting-edge science and technology, and to predict possible futures, such as futuristic automobiles and this format remained basically unchanged through the 1980s, though new material was scarce in later years. Other episodes were segments from Disney films such as, or cartoons of Donald Duck, the program spawned the Davy Crockett craze of 1955 with the airing of a three-episode series about the historical American frontiersman, starring Fess Parker in the title role. Millions of dollars of merchandise relating to the character were sold. Three historically based hour-long programs aired during late 1954/early 1955, and were followed up by two dramatized installments the following year, the TV episodes were later edited into two theatrical films. On July 17,1955, the opening of Disneyland was covered on a television special, Dateline, Disneyland. It was hosted by Walt along with Bob Cummings, Art Linkletter and Ronald Reagan, and featured various other guests. In 1959, the series was retitled Walt Disney Presents and moved to a Friday night timeslot, by 1960, ABC had switched it to Sunday nights, where it would remain for 21 years. Although the basic format remained the same, the moved to NBC on September 24,1961 to take advantage of that networks ability to broadcast programming in color. In addition, Walt Disneys relationship with ABC had soured as the network resisted selling its stake in the park before doing so in 1960. Von Drake was the first Disney character created specifically for television, Walt Disney died on December 15,1966, twelve years after the anthology series premiered
26.
World of Color
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World of Color is a nighttime show at Disney California Adventure, part of the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. The show is inspired by Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color anthology television series, the process of assembling, installing, and testing the shows numerous components and equipment in Paradise Bay spanned a period of approximately 15 months. The original version of World of Color premiered on June 11,2010 as part of the Summer Nightastic, the entire show cost $75 million to design, manufacture and build. Other nearby attractions such Mickeys Fun Wheel and California Screamin become part of the performance as they undergo various forms of lighting, the effects utilized in World of Color are choreographed to work in synchronicity with the featured music and image projections. The show was first announced as part of the Disney California Adventure Park expansion in the fall of 2007, construction for the water show began with the draining of the lagoon on November 3,2008. Construction on the platform began on January 5,2009, the water was refilled in Paradise Pier in November 2009. Testing began during and after hours in January 2010. A 25-minute video of sequences from the show was posted on YouTube by a hotel guest staying at Disneys Paradise Pier Hotel, the first public performance was held on June 5,2010 for the creators of the show and guests. In the week leading up to June 11, private viewings for cast members, contest winners, the show uses nearly 1,200 fountains that can shoot water up to 200 ft in the air. Each fountain is equipped with an LED light ring, other water features include a 380-foot -long mist screen on which images are projected. Isopar instruments are capable of shooting flames up to 50 ft in the air, a 65 tall telescopic mast was installed in the lagoon to create Chernabog of Fantasia, but the tower has not been used in the show. The LED lights on Mickeys Fun Wheel, as well as LED lights installed on California Screamin, are synchronized to the show, light trees rise from boxes bordering Paradise Pier. The light trees bordering the area and the bay include speakers, bubble machines, infrared transmitters. On either side of the bay, there is a light tree with five Syncrolite fixtures. The viewing area, known as Paradise Lagoon Amphitheater, is situated along the shore of Paradise Bay. It is multi-tiered, similar to the area for Fantasmic at Disneyland in Anaheim. It features trellises, flowers, and an interactive play fountain during the day, hidden fountains located in the flower beds in the viewing area are incorporated into show. When World of Color Celebrate was being programmed, a large scrim shaped like Mickeys head was added to be raised to cover the face on Mickeys Fun Wheel giving the show another projection surface
27.
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
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Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American fantasy neo-noir film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts, and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. The film is based on Gary K. Wolfs 1981 novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit, the film stars Bob Hoskins, Christopher Lloyd, Charles Fleischer, Stubby Kaye, and Joanna Cassidy. Combining live-action and animation, the film is set in Hollywood during the late 1940s in a timeline where animated characters really exist. The story follows Eddie Valiant, a detective who must exonerate Toon Roger Rabbit. Walt Disney Pictures purchased the rights for Who Framed Roger Rabbits story in 1981. Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman wrote two drafts of the script before Disney brought in executive producer Steven Spielberg, and his production company, Zemeckis was brought on to direct the film, and Canadian animator Richard Williams was hired to supervise the animation sequences. Production was moved from Los Angeles to Elstree Studios in England to accommodate Williams, while filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected. Disney released the film through its Touchstone Pictures division on June 22,1988, to critical and commercial success, the film brought a renewed interest in the Golden Age of American animation, spearheading modern American animation and the Disney Renaissance. In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In 1947, toons act out theatrical cartoon shorts as with films, they regularly interact with real people and animals and reside in Toontown. Maroon, head of Maroon Cartoon Studios, is concerned about the recent poor acting performances of one of his biggest stars, Roger Rabbit. After watching Jessica perform at the underground Ink & Paint Club, Valiant secretly takes photographs of her and Acme playing patty-cake in her dressing room, Maroon suggests to Roger that he should leave Jessica, but a drunken Roger refuses and flees. The next morning, Acme is discovered dead at his factory by the Los Angeles Police Department with a safe dropped on his head, and evidence points to Roger being responsible. While investigating, Valiant meets Judge Doom, Toontowns Superior Court judge, who has created a substance capable of killing a toon, a toxic Dip made of turpentine, acetone, and benzene. Valiant runs into Rogers toon co-star, Baby Herman, who believes Roger is innocent and that Acmes missing will and he then finds Roger hiding in his office, who begs him to help exonerate him. Valiant reluctantly hides Roger in a bar where his ex-girlfriend, Dolores. Later, Jessica approaches Valiant and says that Maroon had forced her to pose for the photographs so that he could blackmail Acme, Doom and his toon-weasel henchmen discover Roger, but he and Valiant escape with Benny, an anthropomorphic taxicab. They flee to a theater, where Valiant explains to Roger that a toon killed Teddy before he fled to Toontown
28.
Porky Pig
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Porky Pig is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons and he was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power, and the animators created many critically acclaimed shorts using the fat little pig. Even after he was supplanted by later characters, Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and, more importantly, the Warners directors and he is known for his signature line at the end of each short, Th-th-th-thats all folks. The slogan had also used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of every Looney Tunes cartoon. In contrast, the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan, So Long and he is the oldest continuing Looney Tunes character. Porkys most distinctive trait is a stutter, for which he sometimes compensates by replacing his words, for example. In the ending of many Looney Tunes cartoons, Porky Pig bursts through a drum head. Porky Pig would appear in 153 cartoons in the Golden Age of American animation, the character was introduced in the short I Havent Got a Hat, directed by Friz Freleng. Studio head Leon Schlesinger suggested that Freleng do a version of the popular Our Gang films. Porky only has a role in the film, but the fat little stuttering pig quickly became popular. Porkys name came from two brothers who were classmates of Freleng, nicknamed Porky and Piggy. Since Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising had left the studio in 1933, taking the studios star character Bosko with them, Porkys introduction ushered Buddy out the door and pointed to things to come. Tex Avery was hired to the studio in 1935, and his film Gold Diggers of 49 reused much of the cast from I Havent Got a Hat, Porky transitioned from a shy little boy to an immensely fat adult. Though he was still in a role, Porky got most of the laughs. The directors realized they had a star on their hands, Porky shared his stutter with the voice actor who originally played him, Joe Dougherty, who actually did have a stuttering problem. Because Dougherty could not control his stutter, however, production became too high as his recording sessions took hours. The versatile Mel Blanc replaced Dougherty in 1937, Blanc continued the stutter, however, it was harnessed for a more precise comedic effect. This is parodied in A Connecticut Rabbit in King Arthurs Court, where Bugs Bunny struggles to pronounce the word porcupine, Porkys Duck Hunt was released in 1937, and Blanc officially became the permanent voice of Porky until his death in 1989
29.
Chip 'n' Dale
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Chip and Dale are two chipmunk cartoon characters created in 1943, at Walt Disney Productions. Their names are a pun based on the name of the famous 18th-century cabinet maker Thomas Chippendale and this was suggested by Bill Tex Henson, a story artist at the studio. Chip is the logical schemer while Dale is the goofy, dim-witted one, originally the two had a very similar appearance but, as a way to tell them apart, some differences were introduced, Chip has a small black nose and two centered protruding teeth. Dale has a larger, dark red nose and it is his canine teeth that are exposed, Dale has a very strong sense of humor while Chip is more of the safe, focused one. Chip is also depicted as having smooth, short hair atop his head while Dales is ruffled, in most cartoons they are either antagonists against Pluto or, more frequently, against Donald Duck. In the 1950s, they were given their own series. Chip and Dale appear in the following 23 animated short films, while in the original shorts the duo are frequent troublemakers who are concerned only with themselves, in Rescue Rangers they are crime fighters who help the less fortunate. In this series the personality differences between the two are pronounced, with Chip as the responsible, no-nonsense leader and Dale as the goofy. Additionally, they wear clothes in this series which reflect their personalities, Chip wears a jacket and fedora. Also, Corey Burton gave Dale a slightly raspier voice not heard in any incarnations before and they can also be spotted in the 1983 featurette Mickeys Christmas Carol where they are seen dancing to the music inside Fezziwigs. They also appear at all the Disney Parks as well, in the new Mickey Mouse episode Space Walkies, they made a brief cameo as they were being chase by Pluto. A recurring shtick often mistakenly attributed to Chip n Dale is the alleged use of politeness, After you, … No, I insist. This gag, from the early-1900s Alphonse and Gaston comic strip, is used by another studios characters, Warner Bros Mac and Tosh as the Goofy Gophers. However, in the 1950 short Out on a Limb, Chip n Dale do engage in a round of this before Chip stops it from getting out of hand with a kick to Dales rear end. The classic voices of Chip n Dale were mostly provided by Helen Silbert, Dessie Flynn/Dessie Miller, the earliest voices were provided by female office staff, without credit. In Private Pluto the chipmunks speech was created by speeding up sound clips of normal speech, in a number of the shorts that followed, many of these same sound clips were used again, though later shorts used dialogue specifically recorded for that short. At one point in Winter Storage, Chip and Dale get into an argument while caught in a trap. When the scene switches to a view of the box the dialogue being heard is actually a sped up segment of the voice-over narration from the Goofy short A Knight for a Day
30.
Disney comics
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Disney comics are comic books and comic strips featuring Walt Disney characters. The first Disney comics were newspaper strips appearing from 1930 on, in 1940, Western Publishing began producing Disney comic books in the United States. The most notable American Disney comics books are Walt Disneys Comics and Stories, in recent decades, Disney comics have seen a decline of popularity in their country of origin. In the rest of the world Disney comics have very successful. The first Disney comics appeared in newspapers, syndicated by King Features with production done in-house by a Disney comic strip department at the studio. The Mickey Mouse daily comic strip began on January 13,1930, featuring Mickey as an optimistic and it was initially written by Walt Disney with art by Ub Iwerks and Win Smith. Beginning with the May 5,1930 installment the art chores were taken up by Floyd Gottfredson, Gottfredson continued with the strip until 1975. A Sunday strip started January 10,1932 with a topper Silly Symphony strip, Silly Symphony initially related the adventures of Bucky Bug, the first Disney character to originate in the comics. It subsequently printed adaptations of some of the Symphony cartoons, several extended periods of stories involving Pluto and Little Hiawatha along with adaptations of Snow White, by late 1935 the strip was a standalone half-page, not strictly a topper for the Mickey Sunday. Donald Duck made his first comics appearance in the Silly Symphony adaptation of the 1934 Disney short The Wise Little Hen. As Donalds popularity grew, he became the star of the Silly Symphony strip for an extended run, a Donald Sunday strip was begun December 10,1939. An oddity is in the 1930s a Disney strip was done seemingly outside the purview of the Strip Dept. for a national audience and it was created by Fred Spencer, an animator at the studio. Entitled Mickey Mouse Chapter, it appeared in the International DeMolay Cordon the monthly newsletter of Demolay beginning with its Dec.1932 issue through May 1933 and this was a two tier black and white strip depicting happenings in the Demolay Chapter formed by Mickey and his barnyard friends. Spencer and Walt Disney were both members of Demolay, while the last installment promised the series would return in the Sept.1933 issue without explanation it did not. The extant installments have been reprinted as part of the first volume of Sunday Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson published in 2013 by Fantagraphics, the Silly Symphony Sunday-only strip ended July 12,1942. This was replaced with an adaptation of Bambi, after the conclusion of which a José Carioca Sunday only strip was launched which ran until it in turn was replaced by Uncle Remus in 1945, greg Crosby headed the department from 1979 to 1989. Besides the strips described above the other Disney strips distributed over the included, Uncle Remus. Treasury of Classic Tales True Life Adventures Scamp Mickey Mouse and His Friends, advance publicity for the strip noted Greenes participation and the strip carried the byline By Ward Greene
31.
Kingdom Hearts
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Kingdom Hearts is a series of crossover action role-playing games owned by Disney Interactive Studios and developed and published by Square Enix. It is a collaboration between Disney Interactive and Square Enix, and is under the direction of Tetsuya Nomura, a longtime Square Enix character designer, Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series. All characters original to the Kingdom Hearts franchise are owned by The Walt Disney Company, the series consists of eight games across multiple video game consoles, and future titles are planned. Most of the games in the series have been critically acclaimed and commercially successful. As of October 2013, the Kingdom Hearts series has sold over 25 million copies worldwide, a wide variety of related merchandise has been released along with the games, including soundtracks, figurines, companion books, novels and manga series. Kingdom Hearts is the first game in the series, released in Japan on March 28,2002 for PlayStation 2, Tetsuya Nomura has served as game director, his first time in this position. Kingdom Hearts introduced the characters of the series, and established the plots framework involving hearts. It also established the role of Disney characters in the series, Kingdom Hearts was released in North America on September 17,2002, and featured additional content that was not in the original Japanese version. The game was later re-released exclusively in Japan as Kingdom Hearts Final Mix on December 26,2002, Final Mix includes the content from the North American release and additional enemies, cutscenes, and weapons. Kingdom Hearts, Chain of Memories is a sequel to the first game. It was released on the Game Boy Advance in Japan on November 11,2004, Chain of Memories was touted as a bridge between the two PlayStation 2 titles, introducing and previewing plot elements that would be explored in the next game. The gameplay system is a departure from the original and employs card game mechanics in real time, players construct decks out of cards that correspond to different actions in battle, such as attacking or using magic. It was remade into a PlayStation 2 game titled Kingdom Hearts Re, Chain of Memories, which contains polygonal graphics instead of the sprites used in the original game. The remake was released in Japan as a second disc packaged with Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix on March 29,2007, Kingdom Hearts II takes place one year after the events of Chain of Memories. It was released for the PlayStation 2 in Japan on December 22,2005, the game further explores the heart concept by involving a new group of enemies, the Nobodies, which are the cast-off shells of those who have become Heartless. The gameplay is similar to that of the first Kingdom Hearts game, with the addition of the Reaction Command, Kingdom Hearts II was revised into Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix, which contains more material than the original release, such as additional cutscenes and bosses. Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix was released with Kingdom Hearts Re, Chain of Memories in a collection titled Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix+, Kingdom Hearts Coded is an episodic mobile phone game that picks up directly after Kingdom Hearts II. The preinstall episode was released exclusively in Japan on November 18,2008, the game was remade for the Nintendo DS as Kingdom Hearts Re, coded, and features updated gameplay combining that of two later titles in the series, 358/2 Days and Birth by Sleep
32.
Pixie Hollow
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Pixie Hollow is a character meet and greet attraction at Disneyland and Hong Kong Disneyland offering guests the opportunity to greet with Tinker Bell from the Disney Fairies franchise. In 10th anniversary celebration, a new version has been a part of Fairy Tale Forest, a new walk through attraction opened on December 17,2015
33.
Disneyland
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Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17,1955. It is the theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. It was originally the attraction on the property, its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s. Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s. He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit, however, after hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project, Disney bought a 160-acre site near Anaheim in 1953. Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a televised press event on the ABC Television Network on July 17,1955. Opened in 2001, Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneylands original parking lot, Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with over 650 million guests since it opened. In 2013, the park hosted approximately 16.2 million guests, according to a March 2005 Disney report,65,700 jobs are supported by the Disneyland Resort, including about 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees. To all who come to this place, Welcome. Here age relives fond memories of the past, and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the facts that have created America, with the hope that it will be a source of joy. The concept for Disneyland began when Walt Disney was visiting Griffith Park in Los Angeles with his daughters Diane and Sharon. While watching them ride the merry-go-round, he came up with the idea of a place where adults and their children could go and have fun together and he may have also been influenced by his fathers memories of the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Another likely influence was Benton Harbor, Michigans nationally famous House of Davids Eden Springs Park, Disney visited the park and ultimately bought one of the older miniature trains originally used there, the colony had the largest miniature railway setup in the world at the time. His ideas evolved to a play park with a boat ride. The initial concept, the Mickey Mouse Park, started with an 8-acre plot across Riverside Drive and his designers began working on concepts, though the project grew much larger than the land could hold. Disney hired Harrison Price from Stanford Research Institute to gauge the proper area to locate the theme based on the areas potential growth. Based on Prices analysis, Disney acquired 160 acres of groves and walnut trees in Anaheim
34.
Peter Pan's Flight
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Peter Pans Flight is a suspended dark ride at the Magic Kingdom, Disneyland, Disneyland Paris, Tokyo Disneyland, and Shanghai Disneyland theme parks. Located in Fantasyland, it is one of the few remaining attractions that was operational on Disneylands opening day in 1955. The rides story, music, staging and artwork are based on Walt Disneys Peter Pan, the ride is one of Disneylands most acclaimed and popular attractions. The original intent of the attraction was for guests to fly through the ride as if they were Peter Pan, audiences did not quite grasp this concept and were left wondering why Peter Pan was not in the Peter Pan attraction. The Walt Disney World version of the ride, which opened in 1971, in 1983, Disneylands Fantasyland was in a phase of major overhaul. Some of Fantasylands rides were relocated to make way for expanded versions of existing dark rides, the posh redo of Fantasyland now resembled a rustic European village in the Alps, rather than a medieval fair. Mr. Toads Wild Ride and Snow Whites Scary Adventures moved their respective loading areas, Peter Pans Flight continued to feature a colorful mural which depicted the characters from the film. During this renovation, the original Pirate Ship Restaurant and Skull Rock were closed permanently, the riggings, lanterns, and other props from the restaurant were added to Peter Pans Flight. An Audio-Animatronic Peter Pan was added to the ride, the exterior of the attraction had a medieval design and the queue was outside. Departing from the station, but before entering the actual ride building, the new version of the ride includes Audio-Animatronic versions of the characters, like at the Magic Kingdom in Florida. As part of the new remodel, scenes from the Florida ride were added to Disneyland, including the ship deck where Peter. Few scenes are identical between the two versions, but they are very similar nonetheless, the new Disneyland ride opened as part of New Fantasyland on May 25,1983. After winding through the queue, guests board a three-passenger miniature galleon, the ship leaves the load area and winds through the Darlings nursery, passing Nana the Nursemaid next to some toy blocks which spell D1SN3Y when read backwards. Wendy, Michael and John Darling are on the bed and Peter Pans shadow is on the wall, guests hear Peter Pan saying, Come on, everybody. At this point, the ship out the nursery window. Below guests are miniature versions of some of Londons famous landmarks, including St. Pauls Cathedral, Big Ben, the Tower Bridge, on February 2,2015 the attraction closed for refurbishment. It was originally scheduled to reopen on May 21,2015, New animatronics of Wendy, John, and Michael now fly above Johns bed in the Nursery. New special effects were added to the London and Neverland scenes
35.
Dark ride
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The size of each room containing a scene or scenes is thus concealed, and the set designer is able to use forced perspective and other visual tricks to create the illusion of distance. Typically, these experiences also use a series of opaque doors between scenes to control the views of the audience within a space-constrained building. The first dark rides appeared in the late 19th century and were called scenic railways, a popular type of dark ride, commonly referred to as an old mill or tunnel of love, used small boats to carry riders through water-filled canals. A Trip to the Moon began operation at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, leon Cassidy of the Pretzel Amusement Ride Company patented the first single-rail electric dark ride in 1928. Historically notable dark rides include Futurama at the 1939 New York Worlds Fair, modern attractions in this genre vary widely in their use of technology. To improve the effect and give a sense of journey, passages in dark rides frequently change direction, sudden curves give a sense of surprise and allow new scenes to surprise the rider. The rides may also feature sudden ascents or descents to further the excitement, Dark rides have a number of variations that are not necessarily mutually exclusive. In the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia, dark rides with a theme are called ghost trains. This name is reserved for travelling funfair-type dark rides. The first ride to use the name ghost train was that of Blackpool Pleasure Beach and it was rebuilt in 1936 and has remained unchanged since. Blackpool Pleasure Beach is also home to Valhalla, the worlds largest indoor dark ride, known for its many complicated effects, also, Derren Browns Ghost Train at Thorpe Park, despite containing the phrase ghost train in its name, is not actually a ghost train per se. In Australia, a ride is named The Ghost Train at Luna Park, Melbourne. As the name suggests, interactive dark rides feature a component that allows the riders to be involved directly in the story of the attraction, the vast majority of interactive dark rides are shooting dark rides, with a small number featuring different forms of interaction. A shooting dark ride requires riders to aim and shoot at targets throughout the ride, each vehicle is equipped with hand-held or vehicle-mounted light guns. Successfully shooting a target usually triggers special animation such as flashing lights or moving the target, the more targets riders hit, the higher their scores at the end of the ride. The ride systems used for conventional dark rides allow for the conversion into shooting dark rides. This conversion is evident in Duel, The Haunted House Strikes Back. at Alton Towers, the latter uses facilities that previously housed If You Had Wings, Delta Dreamflight, and Take Flight. A recent dark ride, Wonder Mountains Guardian based at Canadas Wonderland, has the worlds longest interactive screen, aside from shooting dark rides, other interactive dark rides do exist
36.
Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade
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Past shows have included segments featuring other Disney theme parks in Orlando, Florida, Anaheim, California, and around the world. The program has aired annually since 1983, with the exception of 2000 when Disney aired a Christmas Eve Tracking Santa special instead, in 1999, a nighttime version of the parade was shown on Christmas Day. In the 1980s and 1990s, the program was known as The Walt Disney World Very Merry Christmas Parade, until 2009, the parade was referred to/known as the Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade. The parade down Main Street, U. S. A, the parade concludes with the arrival of Santa Claus. Most of the program is taped in November and early December for broadcast on Christmas Day, the parade has been simulcast in Canada for many years by CBC Television. The 2005 edition of the parade won Harborlight Entertainment and ABC the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Special, the parade was first telecast, as Walt Disney Worlds Very Merry Christmas Parade in 1983, Joan Lunden and Mike Douglas were the hosts. Alan Thicke later replaced Douglas, and Regis Philbin was later added as an on-street interviewer, eventually Philbin took over as co-host, and Kelly Ripa later joined him. The parade has been aired every year since 1983 except for in the year 2000, Regis Philbin previews The Living Seas at EPCOT Center and Ben Vereen previews Captain EO. Ben Vereen sings Go Tell It on the Mountain,1989 Hosts Alan Thicke, Joan Lunden, Regis Philbin, & Kermit The Frog 1990 Hosts Alan Thicke and Joan Lunden, featuring Regis Philbin, Amy Grant and Jaleel White. Appearances by Kathie Lee Gifford John Davidson & Bill Nye The Science Guy, reading of The Night Before Christmas by President Bill Clinton. 1994 Hosts Regis Philbin and Joan Lunden, featuring Margaret Cho, Nancy Kerrigan and Jonathan Taylor Thomas. 1995 Hosts Regis Philbin and Joan Lunden, featuring Richard White, Jodi Benson, Brad Kane, Brianne Leary, J. D. Roth and Ben Savage & Rider Strong, portions of the parade were aired live. 1996 Hosts Jerry Van Dyke and Suzanne Somers, entertainment by Gary Beach, Brianne Leary, Sandi Patti, J. D. Roth, Ernie Sabella, Brianne Leary goes backstage on the production of 101 Dalmatians. 1997 Hosts Melissa Joan Hart and Ben Savage, Entertainment by Jodi Benson, Paige OHara, and the Backstreet Boys. 1998 Hosts Caroline Rhea and Richard Kind, Entertainment by Justin Cooper Wayne Brady *NSYNC, Martina Mcbride, and Donny Osmond. 1999 Hosts Mitchell Ryan and Susan Sullivan Co Host Wayne Brady, performances by *NSYNC,98 Degrees, Harry Connick, Jr. SHeDAISY,2001 Hosts Regis Philbin and Kelly Ripa, co-host Wayne Brady, performances by Aaron Carter, Charlotte Church, Mandy Moore, Baha Men. 2003 Hosts Regis Philbin and Kelly Ripa at Walt Disney World,2004 Hosts Regis Philbin and Kelly Ripa at Walt Disney World, Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy, and on-street interviewer Gonzo the Great at Disneyland. Music performances by, Mariah Carey, Wynonna Judd, Ashanti, Kelly Clarkson, Jump 5, plus, Zach Braff, Jesse McCartney, Erik von Detten, Meredith Vieira and ABCs stars
37.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
38.
Disney California Adventure
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Disney California Adventure Park, commonly referred to as Disney California Adventure, California Adventure, or DCA, is a theme park located in Anaheim, California. It is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, the 72-acre park is themed after the history and culture of California. The park opened in 2001 as Disneys California Adventure Park, the concept of a theme park dedicated to California arose from a meeting of Disney executives in 1995, following the cancellation of the WestCOT project. Construction of the began in 1998 and was completed by early 2001. Disney spent the several years incrementally adding new rides, shows, and attractions. In 2007, Disney announced an expansion of the park as well as a major overhaul of a significant portion of the park. Construction lasted for five years and was completed in stages, culminating with the opening of Buena Vista Street, according to the Themed Entertainment Association, the park hosted approximately 9.4 million guests in 2015, making it the 11th-most visited theme park in the world that year. In front of the Sun Icon of the former Sunshine Plaza, To all who believe in the power of dreams, Disneys California Adventure opens its golden gates to you. Here we pay tribute to the dreamers of the past, the people, explorers, immigrants. And we salute a new generation of dreamers who are creating the wonders of tomorrow, from the screen to the computer screen. Disneys California Adventure celebrates the richness and the diversity of California and its land, its people, its spirit and, above all, the dreams that it continues to inspire. On the plaque of the flagpole in Buena Vista Plaza on Buena Vista Street, To all who come to place of dreams. This unique place embraces the richness and diversity of California and its land, its people, its stories and, above all, the dreamers it continues to inspire. In front of the Sun Icon of the current Sunshine Plaza while On the plaque of the flagpole in Buena Vista Plaza on Buena Vista Street, To all who believe in the power of dreams, Disneys California Adventure opens its golden gates to you. Here we pay tribute to the dreamers of the past, the people, explorers, immigrants. And we salute a new generation of dreamers who are creating the wonders of tomorrow, from the screen to the computer screen. Disneys California Adventure celebrates the richness and the diversity of California and its land, its people, its spirit and, above all, the dreams that it continues to inspire while To all who come to this place of dreams, welcome. This unique place embraces the richness and diversity of California and its land, its people, its stories and, above all, the dreamers it continues to inspire
39.
Disneyland Resort
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The Disneyland Resort, commonly known as Disneyland, is an entertainment resort in Anaheim, California. The resort was developed by Walt Disney in the 1950s, when it opened to guests on July 17,1955, the property consisted of Disneyland, its 100-acre parking lot, and the Disneyland Hotel, owned and operated by Disneys business partner Jack Wrather. During the expansion, the property was named the Disneyland Resort to encompass the entire complex, the company purchased the Disneyland Hotel from the Wrather Company and the Pan Pacific Hotel from the Tokyu Group. The Pan Pacific Hotel later became Disneys Paradise Pier Hotel, the property saw the addition of Disneys Grand Californian Hotel & Spa, a second theme park, named Disney California Adventure, and the Downtown Disney shopping, dining, and entertainment area. Walt Disneys early concepts for an amusement park called for a Mickey Mouse Park located adjacent to the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, the consultant recommended a remote location near Anaheim, adjacent to the then-under-construction Santa Ana Freeway. The consultant correctly predicted that the location – covered by orange groves at the time – would become the center of Southern California. Since the location was far from Southern California population centers in the 1950s, Disneyland opened on July 17,1955, with a televised press preview event on ABC. Despite the disastrous event, later dubbed Black Sunday, during which several rides broke down and other mishaps occurred, the hotel, which opened three months after the park, enjoyed similar success. To Walt Disneys dismay, the city of Anaheim was lax in restricting their construction, the area surrounding Disneyland became the atmosphere of colorful lights, flashy neon signs, and then-popular Googie architecture that he wanted to avoid. The Anaheim Convention Center was built across the street from Disneylands original parking lot, eventually, Disneyland was boxed in, a factor which would later lead Walt Disney to acquire a significantly larger parcel of land for the construction of Walt Disney World. In the 1990s, Disney decided to turn the theme park into a similar multi-park. In 1991, Disney announced plans to build WestCOT, a park based on Walt Disney Worlds EPCOT Center. Its estimated cost was US$3 billion, largely due to the high cost of land that Disney would have needed to acquire. With the new Euro Disney Resort, which opened in 1992, becoming a financial and public relations albatross for the company, Disney was unable to finance the project, $1.4 billion was budgeted to build the park, a retail district, and hotels. Construction began in 1998, with much of the property being a construction site until 2001, the original park remained largely untouched during this time. Temporary surface parking lots were set up across West Street with tram service to the entrance to offset the loss of the 100-acre parking lot. Parking lots were set up on smaller parcels of acquired land Disney east and southeast of the park, primarily used for employee parking. Several Disneyland landmarks were demolished, notably the marquee on Harbor Boulevard, also demolished were the Disneyland Hotels original buildings from 1955, as well as most of the facilities outside of the three guest room towers
40.
Disney Princess
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Disney Princess, also called the Princess Line, is a media franchise owned by The Walt Disney Company. Created by Disney Consumer Products chairman Andy Mooney in the early 2000s, the franchise does not include all princess characters from the whole of Disney-owned media, but rather refers to specific characters from the companys animated films. As of 2017, the characters considered part of the franchise are Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel. The franchise has released dolls, sing-along videos, apparel, home decor, toys, licensees for the franchise include Glidden, Stride Rite, Hasbro, and plastic Fisher-Price figurines. Former Nike, Inc. executive Andy Mooney was appointed chairman of The Walt Disney Companys Disney Consumer Products division in the late 1990s. While attending his first Disney on Ice show, Mooney noticed that young girls attending the show were dressed in princess attire that were not authentic Disney products. They were generic princess products they’d appended to a Halloween costume, concerned by this, Mooney addressed the company the following morning and encouraged them to commence work on a legitimate Disney Princess franchise in January 2000. Walts nephew, Roy E. Disney, objected to the creation of the line, the original line-up consisted of princesses Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan and Tinker Bell. Five of them were royal by blood, two married into royalty, and two fit the princess mythology, Tinker was soon removed from the latter category and the overall line-up. This was the first time the characters would be marketed in a separate franchise than their original films, Mooney decided that, when featured on marketing advertisements such as posters, the princesses should never make eye contact with each other in an attempt to keep their individual mythologies intact. Stares off in a different direction as if unaware of the others presence. In an unconventional manner, Mooney and his team launched the Disney Princess line without utilizing any focus groups and with minimal marketing. DCP issued princess product licenses to Hasbro for games, Mattel dolls, Tiana became the first additional character to the Princess franchise officially on March 14,2010, taking Tinker Bells short-lived place as the ninth member. Her coronation took place at the New York Palace, Tinker Bell was already heading up another franchise started in 2005, Disney Fairies. Rapunzel was crowned and inducted into the Disney Princess franchise as the member on October 2,2011, at Kensington Palace in London. On May 11,2013, Disney added the first Pixar character Merida as the 11th Princess to the franchise in a ceremony in front of Cinderella Castle at the Magic Kingdom. Mattel adding a Barbie princess-themed line in late-2010 then the fair, Mattel was only putting out Princesses Cinderella, Ariel and Belle plus the two Frozen princesses during the last year or so of its license. DCP was also attempting to evolve the brand by making them less as damsels, in September 2014, Disney announced that Hasbro would be the licensed doll maker for the Disney Princess line starting on January 1,2016
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Mae Whitman
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Mae Margaret Whitman is an American actress, voice actress and singer. After making her debut in When a Man Loves a Woman, she had other supporting roles in films such as One Fine Day, Independence Day. Thereafter, Whitman ventured into television, with her most notable roles including Ann Veal on the Fox sitcom Arrested Development and she also had supporting roles in the films Scott Pilgrim vs. the World and The Perks of Being a Wallflower. Whitman made her leading role debut in The Duff. Whitman was born on June 9,1988 in Los Angeles, California, the child of Pat Musick, a voice artist, and Jeffrey Whitman. Her parents divorced when she was three years old and she attended Ribet Academy, but later transferred to Whitefish Bay High School, where she graduated from. Whitman is of English and German ancestry and she started her career with a voice-over for a Tyson Chicken commercial at the age of three. Acting coach Andrew Magarian helped her memorize lines as she could not read, in 1994, at the age of six, Whitman made her film debut, acting alongside Meg Ryan in When a Man Loves a Woman, playing Ryans youngest daughter, Casey Green. She beat 700 other girls who were interested in the part, in 1996, Whitman appeared in two films, Independence Day as the Presidents daughter, and One Fine Day playing George Clooneys daughter, Maggie Taylor. The same year, Whitman guest starred in the episode The One Where Rachel Quits of the sitcom Friends, in 1998, she was Sandra Bullocks daughter, Bernice Pruitt, in Hope Floats. During several guest appearances from 1998 until 2001, Whitman played the role of Chloe Madison on JAG, in 2001 and 2002, Whitman starred in the Fox Family series State of Grace in which she portrayed Grace from a Catholic background who befriends Hannah, a Jewish girl. From 2004 to 2006, Whitman had a role on Arrested Development. Whitman appeared in the 2006 series Thief for FX Networks, playing the stepdaughter of Nick Atwater, Whitman made several high-profile guest appearances in 2006 and 2007. She also appeared on Desperate Housewives in the episode Nice She Aint as Sarah, Whitman also had a recurring role on Chicago Hope, playing the daughter of Dr. Kate Austin, in the series later years. Whitman was initially cast in the 2007 series remake of The Bionic Woman, on June 27,2007, TV Guide reported that Whitman was being replaced in the role of Jaimes sister, and Lucy Hale was cast as Whitmans replacement the following July. An NBC spokesperson confirmed this, stating, The decision was purely creatively driven and it is very common to change storylines, characters, actors after the initial pilot is shot. The sister characters hearing was restored after this recasting at the request of an NBC executive and she also appeared in the season nine episode Streetwise of Law and Order, Special Victims Unit, as an on-the-street-mother who adopts street children forming a homeless family. Whitman gave voice to Katara of the Water Tribe in the animated show Avatar, The Last Airbender and she has appeared in the HBO series In Treatment as Rosie
