Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984 and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a specia
Token Ring network: operation of an MAU explained
IBM hermaphroditic connector with locking clip. Screen contacts are prominently visible, gold-plated signal contacts less so.
100 Mbit/s IBM Token Ring Management Adapter with wake-on-LAN. Both UTP (RJ45) and STP (IBM Data Connector) interfaces are present.
Assorted full-length Micro Channel Token Ring cards, including a LANStreamer which features multiple RJ45 ports for usage in a Token Ring network
The Protocol Wars were a long-running debate in computer science that occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s, when engineers, organizations and nations became polarized over the issue of which communica
Token Ring
…IBM PC Network Protocol Wars - The battle between Internet and OSI standards in the 1980s Castelli, Matthew (2002). Network Consultants Handbook. Cisco Press. ISBN 978-1-58705-039-8…
The first demonstration of the Internet, linking DARPA's three networks (the ARPANET, SATNET, and PRNET), which took place in July 1977
A cartoon sketched in 1988 by François Flückiger illustrated that "some people foresaw a division between world technologies: Internet in the United States, OSI in Europe. In this model, the two sides would have communicated via gateways."
Vint Cerf emphasized the goal of running "IP on everything", notably with a T-shirt he wore while presenting to the 1992 IETF meeting.