1.
Public library
–
A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public and is generally funded from public sources, such as taxes. It is operated by librarians and library paraprofessionals, who are civil servants. There are five fundamental characteristics shared by public libraries, Public libraries exist in many countries across the world and are often considered an essential part of having an educated and literate population. Public access to books is not new, romans made scrolls in dry rooms available to patrons of the baths, and tried with some success to establish libraries within the empire. In the middle of the 19th century, the push for public libraries, paid for by taxes. Public libraries were started with a donation, or were bequeathed to parishes, churches. These social and institutional libraries formed the base of many academic and public collections of today. The establishment of circulating libraries in the 18th century, by booksellers and publishers provided a means of gaining profit, the circulating libraries not only provided a place to sell books, but also a place to lend books for a price. These circulating libraries provided a variety of including the increasingly popular novels. Circulating libraries were not exclusively lending institutions and often provided a place for other forms of commercial activity and this was necessary because the circulating libraries did not generate enough funds through subscription fees collected from its borrowers. As a commerce venture, it was important to consider the factors such as other goods or services available to the subscribers. The Malatestiana Library, also known as the Malatesta Novello Library, is a public library dating from 1452 in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna and it was the first European civic library, i. e. belonging to the Commune and open to everybody. It was commissioned by the Lord of Cesena, Malatesta Novello, the works were directed by Matteo Nuti of Fano and lasted from 1447 to 1452. In the early years of the 17th century, many famous collegiate, norwich City library was established in 1608 and Chethams Library in Manchester, which claims to be the oldest public library in the English-speaking world, opened in 1653. Claude Sallier, the French philologist and churchman, operated an early form of library in the town of Saulieu from 1737 to 1750. He wished to make culture and learning accessible to all people, the Załuski Library was built in Warsaw 1747–1795 by Józef Andrzej Załuski and his brother, Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, both Roman Catholic bishops. The library was open to the public and indeed was the first Polish public library, at the start of the 18th century, libraries were becoming increasingly public and were more frequently lending libraries. The 18th century saw the switch from closed parochial libraries to lending libraries, before this time, public libraries were parochial in nature and libraries frequently chained their books to desks
Public library
–
Patrons studying and reading at the New York City Public Library.
Public library
–
A public library in
Maadi,
Egypt
Public library
–
Entrance to the National Library in
Tehran,
Iran
Public library
–
Thomas Bodley founded the
Bodleian Library in 1602 as an early public library.
2.
Toledo, Ohio
–
Toledo is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County, Ohio, United States. Toledo is in northwest Ohio, at the end of Lake Erie bordering the state of Michigan. The city was founded by United States citizens in 1833 on the west bank of the Maumee River and it was re-founded in 1837, after conclusion of the Toledo War, when it was incorporated in Ohio. After construction of the Miami and Erie Canal, Toledo grew quickly and it has since become a city with an art community, auto assembly businesses, education, healthcare, and local sports teams. The citys glass industry has earned it the nickname, The Glass City, the population of Toledo as of the 2010 Census was 287,208, making it the 71st-largest city in the United States. It is the fourth most populous city in the U. S. state of Ohio after Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati. The Toledo metropolitan area had a 2010 population of 651,429, and was the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the state of Ohio, behind Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Dayton, and Akron. Varying cultures of indigenous peoples lived along the rivers and lakefront of what is now northwestern Ohio for thousands of years, when the city of Toledo was preparing to pave its streets, it surveyed two prehistoric semicircular earthworks, presumably for stockades. One was at the intersection of Clayton and Oliver streets on the bank of Swan Creek. Such earthworks were typical of mound-building peoples and this region was part of a larger area controlled by the historic tribes of the Wyandot and the people of the Council of Three Fires. The first European to visit the area was Étienne Brûlé, a French-Canadian guide and explorer, the French established trading posts in the area by 1680 to take advantage of the lucrative fur trade. The Odawa moved from Manitoulin Island and the Bruce Peninsula at the invitation of the French and they settled an area extending into northwest Ohio. By the early 18th century, the Odawa occupied areas along most of the Maumee River to its mouth and they served as middlemen between the French and tribes further to the west and north. The Wyandot occupied central Ohio, and the Shawnee and Lenape occupied the southern areas, the area was not settled by European-Americans until 1795 and after. They were finally defeated in 1794 at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and this loose affiliation of tribes included the Wyandot and Council of Three Fires. By a treaty in 1795, they ceded large areas of territory in Ohio to the United States, according to Charles E. Slocum, the American military built Fort Industry at the mouth of the Maumee about 1805, but as a temporary stockade. No official reports support the 19th-century tradition of its history there. The United States continued to work to extinguish land claims of Native Americans, in the Treaty of Detroit, the above four tribes ceded a large land area to the United States of what became southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio, to the mouth of the Maumee River
Toledo, Ohio
–
Images, from top left to right:
Downtown Toledo,
University Hall,
Toledo Museum of Art, Lucas County Courthouse,
Tony Packo's Cafe,
Anthony Wayne Bridge,
Fifth Third Field
Toledo, Ohio
–
A 1955
Interstate planning map of Toledo
Toledo, Ohio
–
Toledo c. 1905
Toledo, Ohio
–
Downtown Toledo's skyline from across the
Maumee River
3.
Tax
–
A tax is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer by a state or the functional equivalent of a state to fund various public expenditures. A failure to pay, or evasion of or resistance to taxation, is punishable by law. Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent, the legal definition and the economic definition of taxes differ in that economists do not regard many transfers to governments as taxes. For example, some transfers to the sector are comparable to prices. Examples include tuition at public universities and fees for utilities provided by local governments, governments also obtain resources by creating money and coins, through voluntary gifts, by imposing penalties, by borrowing, and by confiscating wealth. In modern taxation systems, governments levy taxes in money, but in-kind and corvée taxation are characteristic of traditional or pre-capitalist states, the method of taxation and the government expenditure of taxes raised is often highly debated in politics and economics. Tax collection is performed by a government agency such as the Canada Revenue Agency, when taxes are not fully paid, the state may impose civil penalties or criminal penalties on the non-paying entity or individual. The levying of taxes aims to raise revenue to fund governing and/or to alter prices in order to affect demand, States and their functional equivalents throughout history have used money provided by taxation to carry out many functions. A governments ability to raise taxes is called its fiscal capacity, when expenditures exceed tax revenue, a government accumulates debt. A portion of taxes may be used to service past debts, governments also use taxes to fund welfare and public services. These services can include education systems, pensions for the elderly, unemployment benefits, energy, water and waste management systems are also common public utilities. A tax effectively changes relative prices of products and they have therefore sought to identify the kind of tax system that would minimize this distortion. Governments use different kinds of taxes and vary the tax rates, historically, taxes on the poor supported the nobility, modern social-security systems aim to support the poor, the disabled, or the retired by taxes on those who are still working. A states tax system often reflects its communal values and the values of those in current political power. To create a system of taxation, a state must make choices regarding the distribution of the tax burden—who will pay taxes and how much they will pay—and how the taxes collected will be spent. In democratic nations where the public elects those in charge of establishing or administering the tax system, in countries where the public does not have a significant amount of influence over the system of taxation, that system may reflect more closely the values of those in power. All large businesses incur administrative costs in the process of delivering revenue collected from customers to the suppliers of the goods or services being purchased. Taxation is no different, the resource collected from the public through taxation is always greater than the amount which can be used by the government, the difference is called the compliance cost and includes the labour cost and other expenses incurred in complying with tax laws and rules
Tax
–
Pieter Brueghel the Younger, The tax collector's office, 1640
Tax
–
Egyptian
peasants seized for
non-payment of taxes. (
Pyramid Age)
4.
Art Deco
–
Art Deco, sometimes simply referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. It took its name, short for Arts Decorators, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925 and it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. It featured rare and expensive materials such as ebony and ivory, the Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York were the most visible monuments of the new style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel and plastic, a more sleek form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s, it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco became one of the first truly international architectural styles, with examples found in European cities, the style came to an end with the beginning of World War II. Deco was replaced as the dominant global style by the functional and unadorned styles of modernism. The term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858, in 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de lOpéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and glass designers and it took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major book on the style. Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites The Times, in 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, the term arts décoratifs had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, a similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the arts, the Esposizione international dArte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration, Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the Salon dautomne. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, in 1911 the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912
Art Deco
–
Terracotta sunburst design above front doors of the
Eastern Columbia Building in
Los Angeles; built 1930
Art Deco
–
Tamara de Lempicka, "The Musician", 1929 (
oil on canvas)
Art Deco
–
Joseph Csaky, Deux figures, 1920, relief, limestone, polychrome, 80 cm. Exhibited
Léonce Rosenberg, Galerie de L'Effort Moderne (1920), now at
Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands
Art Deco
–
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, by
Auguste Perret, 15 Avenue Montaigne, Paris (1910-1913)
5.
DVD
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DVD is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of data and is widely used for software. DVDs offer higher capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD, such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased. Blank recordable DVD discs can be recorded using a DVD recorder. Rewritable DVDs can be recorded and erased many times, DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs. The OED also states that in 1995, The companies said the name of the format will simply be DVD. Toshiba had been using the name ‘digital video disk’, but that was switched to ‘digital versatile disk’ after computer companies complained that it left out their applications, Digital versatile disc is the explanation provided in a DVD Forum Primer from 2000 and in the DVD Forums mission statement. There were several formats developed for recording video on optical discs before the DVD, Optical recording technology was invented by David Paul Gregg and James Russell in 1958 and first patented in 1961. A consumer optical disc data format known as LaserDisc was developed in the United States and it used much larger discs than the later formats. CD Video used analog video encoding on optical discs matching the established standard 120 mm size of audio CDs, Video CD became one of the first formats for distributing digitally encoded films in this format, in 1993. In the same year, two new optical disc formats were being developed. By the time of the launches for both formats in January 1995, the MMCD nomenclature had been dropped, and Philips and Sony were referring to their format as Digital Video Disc. Representatives from the SD camp asked IBM for advice on the system to use for their disc. Alan E. Bell, a researcher from IBMs Almaden Research Center, got that request and this group was referred to as the Technical Working Group, or TWG. On August 14,1995, an ad hoc group formed from five computer companies issued a release stating that they would only accept a single format. The TWG voted to both formats unless the two camps agreed on a single, converged standard. They recruited Lou Gerstner, president of IBM, to pressure the executives of the warring factions, as a result, the DVD specification provided a storage capacity of 4.7 GB for a single-layered, single-sided disc and 8.5 GB for a dual-layered, single-sided disc
DVD
DVD
–
Backside of a
Sony DADC -manufactured DVD
DVD
–
A DVD burner drive for a PC
DVD
–
Sony Rewritable DVD
6.
Toledo Blade
–
The Blade, also known as the Toledo Blade, is a daily newspaper in Toledo, Ohio, in the United States, first published on December 19,1835. The first issue of what was then the Toledo Blade was printed on December 19,1835 and it has been published daily since 1848 and is the oldest continuously run business in Toledo. David Ross Locke gained national fame for the paper during the Civil War era by writing under the pen name Petroleum V. Nasby, writing under the pen name, Locke wrote satires ranging on topics from slavery to the Civil War to temperance. President Abraham Lincoln was fond of the Nasby satires and sometimes quoted them, in 1867 Locke bought the Toledo Blade. The paper dropped Toledo from its masthead in 1960, in 2004 The Blade won the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting with a series of stories entitled Buried Secrets, Brutal Truths. The story brought to light the story of the Tiger Force, in 2006, The Blade was a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize, and winner of the National Headliner Award, for breaking the scandal in Ohio known as Coingate. As of 2015, the editor in chief is John Robinson Block and his family purchased the paper in 1926 and they also own the media conglomerate Block Communications, which owns cable systems, television stations, and an Internet service network, Buckeye Express. As of 2008 The Blade had the 83rd largest daily circulation in the United States. The Toledo Blade was named for the famed swordsmithing industry of the city of Toledo. Its motto, on the nameplate below the title, is One of Americas Great Newspapers. In 2007 Blade photojournalist Allan Detrich left the Blade when it was discovered that he had altered an photo that was published on the front page of the March 31,2007. A subsequent investigation revealed that he had altered and submitted 79 photos during the first 14 weeks of 2007,58 of which ran either in The Blade or on its website. Members of several unions worked without contracts from March to August 2006, over the course of August 2006, The Blade locked out over 25% of all of its employees. The strike and lockout ended in May 2007, in May 2014, Block Communications announced plans to close The Blades production facility, including the printing presses, located in the downtown headquarters building. In October 2011, The Blade filed a lawsuit against rival publication the Toledo Free Press, claiming that former Blade general manager, pounds violated a 2004 separation agreement containing a non-compete clause. Official website Block Communications Story on Labor Disputes
Toledo Blade
–
The July 27, 2005, front page of The Blade
Toledo Blade
–
August 2011 Toledo Free Press editorial cartoon which prompted a lawsuit from The Blade
7.
Holland, Ohio
–
Holland is a village in Lucas County, Ohio, United States. Holland is a suburb of Toledo, the population was 1,764 at the 2010 census. Holland is home to the J. H. Fentress Antique Popcorn Museum, the first name of the village was Drakes, which possibly came from the name of a family or was in reference to the large number of geese that did and still fly over the area. He was a member of the Continental Congress in 1783-1785 and had been a lieutenant governor of Virginia, the name of Holland has been thought to have come from the fact that ditches being dug in the 1850s to divert the swamp water reminded people of the canals of Holland. Some have said the name was given because of the number of Dutch people in the area. The most likely derivation of the name comes from a story about Franklin Hall that states when he platted the land for the building of his houses, supposedly, the clerk or other official changed the “a” to an “o” and eliminated one “l”, thus Holland. On May 22,1852, the first train ran between Toledo and Chicago, on two roads, the Michigan Southern and the Indiana Northern, three years later, the two railroads consolidated and the Air Line began traversing the rails from Toledo to Elkhart, Indiana. Records of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad show a station in the area in 1860 with no name, in the early 1860s, Robert Clark began developing land north of the railroad and Franklin Hall built houses south of the railroad. Their names are memorialized in those respective areas by Clark. Holland is located at 41°37′10″N 83°42′35″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.99 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,764 people,749 households, the population density was 1,781.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 782 housing units at a density of 789.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 84. 1% White,10. 4% African American,0. 3% Native American,2. 9% Asian,1. 0% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 0% of the population. 37. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 21. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the village was 45.2 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,21. 5% were from 25 to 44,27. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 23% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 45. 9% male and 54. 1% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,306 people,522 households, and 292 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,507.1 people per square mile, there were 553 housing units at an average density of 638.2 per square mile
Holland, Ohio
–
Location in
Lucas County and the state of
Ohio.
8.
Maumee, Ohio
–
Maumee is a city in Lucas County, Ohio, United States. Located along the Maumee River, it is a suburb about 10 miles southwest of Toledo, the population was 14,286 at the 2010 census. Maumee was declared an All-America City by the National Civic League in June 2006, Maumee is located at 41°34′14″N 83°39′9″W. It is about 11 miles upriver of Toledo, which is at the mouth of the Maumee River on Maumee Bay and this is a roughly triangle-shaped city. Its borders are formed by Interstate 80/90 to the north, to the west by Interstate 475/U. S, route 23, and to the southeast by the Maumee River. It is just downriver from Waterville, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.61 square miles, of which 9.89 square miles is land and 0.72 square miles is water. In pre-colonial times, Native Americans began using the resources at the present site of Maumee, Ohio. Together with the conclusion of the War of 1812, which preserved most US territory, promoters arrived who were eager to make a fortune in selling and developing western lands. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 in New York State stimulated migration to Ohio, as it connected Great Lakes communities to the Hudson River, completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal in 1840 further stimulated the economy. Jessup Scott, a town promoter, predicted that Maumee would become the great city of the West. By mid-century Maumee was a center of river trade, commerce. Nearly twenty mercantile companies crowded the three miles of ship docks and competed for the retail and wholesale trade, in 1840 Maumee was designated as the county seat, lawyers came from miles around to practice in the imposing Greek Revival Lucas County Courthouse erected by private subscription. Court days were a time of trade and commerce, as well, the federal custom house and post office also were located in Maumee. Dreams of greatness began to fade in the 1850s, when ships too large to navigate the river were introduced for use in the Great Lakes, in addition, the railroad provided faster and cheaper means of transportation than river traffic and drew off business. As the population expanded westward, Maumee lost the county seat in 1854, a gas boom in the 1880s was short lived, and Maumee became, as one observer wrote, a sleepy little town. Nearly a century later, in the 1970s, Maumee developed an economic renaissance, today the city is one of the largest business centers in Northwest Ohio. Together, Arrowhead Business Park and Maumees historic business community contribute to the 30,000 plus jobs in the community, Maumee has expanded its original boundaries, and the population has grown to more than 15,000 residents. Maumees neighborhoods retain their small town flavor, in addition, many historic homes, as of the census of 2010, there were 14,286 people,6,037 households, and 3,854 families residing in the city
Maumee, Ohio
–
Greek Revival Townhouse built in the 1840s. Originally located on Wayne and Gibbs Street
Maumee, Ohio
–
Location in
Lucas County and the state of
Ohio.
Maumee, Ohio
–
C & O Toledo Terminal in Maumee
Maumee, Ohio
–
Wolcott House
9.
Oregon, Ohio
–
Oregon is a city in Lucas County, Ohio, United States. It is an suburb of Toledo, located on Lake Erie. The population was 20,291 at the 2010 census, Oregon is located at 41°38′57″N 83°27′41″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 38.04 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 20,291 people,8,196 households, the population density was 676.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 8,759 housing units at a density of 292.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 5% White,1. 4% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 8% Asian,2. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 5% of the population. 27. 8% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 42.3 years. 22. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 7% were from 25 to 44,28. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 1% male and 51. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 19,355 people,7,708 households, and 5,318 families residing in the city. The population density was 658.8 people per square mile, there were 8,025 housing units at an average density of 273.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 91% White,1. 00% African American,0. 14% Native American,0. 70% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,1. 72% from other races, and 1. 52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 76% of the population,27. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the family size was 3.00. In the city the population was out with 24. 1% under the age of 18,7. 7% from 18 to 24,26. 9% from 25 to 44,24. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $45,777, and the median income for a family was $57,156
Oregon, Ohio
–
The Brandville School
10.
Sylvania, Ohio
–
Sylvania is a city in Lucas County, Ohio, United States. The population was 18,965 at the 2010 census, Sylvania is a suburb of Toledo. Its northern border is the border of the State of Michigan. A post office called Sylvania has been in operation since 1859, Sylvania is located at 41°42′41″N 83°42′12″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.53 square miles. Sylvania is approximately 10 miles west-northwest of Toledo, Ohio, as of the census of 2010, there were 18,965 people,7,642 households, and 5,092 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,926.7 inhabitants per square mile, there were 8,165 housing units at an average density of 1,260.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 4% White,2. 7% African American,0. 1% Native American,2. 3% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 7% from other races, and 1. 7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 9% of the population,28. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the family size was 3.02. The median age in the city was 42.7 years. 23. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,21. 5% were from 25 to 44,29. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 3% male and 52. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 18,670 people,7,151 households, and 5,070 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,223.2 people per square mile, there were 7,392 housing units at an average density of 1,276.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 20% White,1. 00% African American,0. 10% Native American,2. 10% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 64% from other races, and 0. 96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 63% of the population, the city has a significant Jewish community. 25. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.16. In the city, the population was out with 28. 2% under the age of 18,6. 7% from 18 to 24,26. 7% from 25 to 44,25. 0% from 45 to 64
Sylvania, Ohio
–
Location in
Lucas County and the state of
Ohio.
11.
Waterville, Ohio
–
Waterville is a city in Lucas County, Ohio, United States, along the Maumee River, a suburb of Toledo. The population was 5,523 at the 2010 census, Waterville is located at 41°30′5″N 83°43′38″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.88 square miles. The community is located on the Maumee River and was formerly on the Miami, a post office called Waterville has been in operation since 1828. As of the census of 2010, there were 5,523 people,2,065 households, the population density was 1,177.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,151 housing units at a density of 458.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 7% White,0. 5% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 0% Asian,0. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 7% of the population. 20. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.03. The median age in the city was 41.6 years. 25. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 8% were from 25 to 44,31. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 13. 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48. 1% male and 51. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 4,828 people,1,726 households, and 1,322 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,378.7 people per square mile, there were 1,809 housing units at an average density of 516.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 91% White,0. 14% African American,0. 14% Native American,0. 35% Asian,0. 56% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 35% of the population. 19. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.15. In the village the population was out with 28. 1% under the age of 18,5. 8% from 18 to 24,27. 5% from 25 to 44,25. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males, the median income for a household in the village was $60,000, and the median income for a family was $71,027. Males had an income of $49,489 versus $31,638 for females
Waterville, Ohio
–
Third Street downtown
12.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
13.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo
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The Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo, the eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15,1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. F. M. Conv. third & current Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lexington, served as Rector of the Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation in Carey, located within the Diocese. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon those of Toledo, Spain, the tower has been marked with a red cross to indicate that the new Toledo is to be ever a Catholic stronghold. Heraldist Pierre de Chaignon la Rose designed the arms in 1912. The formal heraldic blazon is Per pale azure and gules, a tower triply-turretted, the Diocese contains about 319,907 Catholics in an area population of 1,465,561. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo currently has 124 parishes, the Toledo Diocese has the 26th-largest Catholic school population in the US. 3,006 Infant and Child Baptisms 357 Adult Baptisms 3,462 First Communions 3,287 Confirmations 1,117 Marriages Ministries/Services Food Helping Hands of St. Louis H. O. P. E. Peter & Paul, Toledo Sts Peter and Paul, Sandusky St. Thomas Aquinas, Sacred Heart, St. Steven, Catholic Radio began broadcasting in the Diocese in the summer or 2010 beginning with WJTA followed by WNOC. Several local stations owned by separate entities, wSJG-LP103.3 FM in Tiffin as St. John Paul The Great Radio
Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo
Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo
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Diocese of Toledo Dioecesis Toletana in America
Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo
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Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral
14.
Toledo City League
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The current member schools of the conference are, The league begins in 1926 with the first boys track and field meet held May 1. The charter members were Libbey, Scott, Waite, and Woodward, the 1926-27 school year was the first for full City League play. Central Catholic joins the league in 1928, for the 1928-29 school year, Woodward moves from its original location in the old Central High School building into its new building on Streicher. DeVilbiss opens in 1931 and begins league play for the 1933-34 school year, waites stadium was dedicated on September 21,1934. Vocational High School began athletic competition during the 1935-36 school year, the Craftsmen would eventually move to a new building on Monroe Street and become Macomber High School. Macomber opens and joins the league for the 1938-39 school year, DeVilbiss dominates the boys track & field competition, taking league titles from 1942–1947 and another one in 1949. Including the title in 1951, the Tigers would earn 8 league titles over a span of ten years, macombers football program joins the league in 1952 after starting up a team in 1951. Macomber forms a joint operation with Whitney in 1959 after spending 20 years as separate neighbors, the two schools were frequently referred to as one Macomber-Whitney Bowsher and Start are built in 1962 and both begin league play immediately, with football following for the 1963-64 school year. St. Francis would also join the league with them at the time after opening in 1955. In 1963, night football was banned by the schools after riots that had started at the end of games over the last few years. Stadiums were closed at 6,30 pm and games scheduled at public school sites were rescheduled for Saturday mornings, cross Country began its championship meet in 1965 after years of declaring the champion based on season records. The City Leagues football championship game, called the Shoe Bowl, Rogers begins league play in 1967 after being absorbed by Toledo Public Schools in 1966. For certain sports, the league is split into 2 divisions, pitting the Red, initially, there were six in the Red and five in the Blue. St. Johns begin league play in 1968 after their new building had been completed in 1965 and they joined the Blue Division, creating an even six members to each division. For the 1969 football season, new stadiums were opened at Bowsher, Start, Woodward had gone without a stadium since the 1930s. Scotts 10, 367-seat Fred L. Siebert Stadium is demolished in February 1970 after being condemned and it had been gradually built in the late 1910s/early 1920s and was dedicated in 1924. A roughly 4, 000-seat replacement was dedicated in 1971, the City League makes history by becoming the first major Ohio conference to sponsor a girls sports championship, the girls league track meet in 1970. The 1972 City League track championship would also be the first co-ed track meet in Ohio, prior to this setup, girls at the public schools only competed in intramural-type fashion
Toledo City League
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League membership beginning with the 2011-12 school year.
15.
Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments
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TMACOG is the Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments, a voluntary organization of dues-paying members. TMACOG is BOTH a Regional Council and a Metropolitan Planning Organization, current members include the counties of Lucas, Ottawa, and Wood in Ohio, and Monroe County in Michigan. The TMACOG region includes Fulton, Lucas, Monroe, Ottawa, Sandusky, a complete list of members, along with a map, can be found here. The city of Fostoria, Ohio is located within the counties of Hancock, Seneca, TMACOG was formed in 1968 primarily to review federally funded projects and to address federal initiatives and local intergovernmental needs. It originally included Lucas, Wood, and Monroe counties, and by 1974 would expand to include Erie, Ottawa, during the 1980s, federal funding worsened and a greater responsibility came to state governments. As a result, many regional councils turned to state governments for funding, tMACOGs membership dropped, including the losses of Erie, Ottawa, Sandusky, and Wood counties. To continue its existence, TMACOG began to some of its attention onto railroad projects, energy conservation, air and water pollution. The organization also began to focus on small town needs, transportation around the Maumee River, membership would begin to grow again in the early 1990s, with 60 members in 1993, including the readmission of Ottawa and Wood counties. By adding non-governmental members as well, TMACOG has made its organization more diverse and able to help strengthen the quality of the Toledo area
Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments
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Membership [edit]
16.
Toledo, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area
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The Toledo, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area centered on the American city of Toledo, Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 651,429 and it is the sixth largest metropolitan area in the state of Ohio, behind Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, and Akron. Located on the border with Michigan, the area includes the counties of Ottawa, Fulton, Lucas, and Wood. The Toledo metro area has strong ties to Metro Detroit, located 40 miles north, Toledo is also part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis. The separate micropolitan areas of Fremont, Ohio and Port Clinton, the wider region of Northwest Ohio adds Defiance, Hancock, Henry, Paulding, Putnam, Seneca, Van Wert, and Williams counties. There are several institutions of education that operate campuses in the area. Some of the schools include The University of Toledo, Mercy College of Ohio. Lourdes University in Sylvania, Stautzenberger College in Maumee, Owens Community College in Perrysburg Township, according to a 2015 article, there were three Toledo companies that made the Fortune 500 list. #399 is Owens-Illinois, which specializes in glass and glass packaging, #410 was Dana Corporation which is a global leader in the supply of thermal-management technologies among many other specialties. Lastly, at #498, Owens Corning is the leading provider of glass fiber technology. Just outside of the Toledo metropolitan in neighboring Findlay, Ohio, the economy of Toledo has been heavily influenced by both the economy of nearby Detroit and agriculture. Recently, health care and technology firms have tried to make their way into the metropolitan, instead, Toledo and its suburbs are still home to several manufacturing and construction businesses and factories. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported, in 2015, that manufacturing employment in Toledo had grown by 4. 1% between December 2013 and December 2014, more so, construction job growth grew by nearly 10% in the same time period. In 2014, manufacturing added 1,700 jobs to the Toledo area, in 2014, the US Census Estimated there were roughly 285,000 people employed in the Toledo metropolitan area. 3% during the same period. As of the census of 2010, there were 659,188 people,259,973 households, and 169,384 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 83. 03% White,12. 01% African American,0. 25% Native American,1. 07% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 79% from other races, and 1. 83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 35% of the population, the median income for a household in the MSA was $42,686, and the median income for a family was $51,882. Males had an income of $38,959 versus $25,738 for females
Toledo, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area
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Images, from top left to right:
Toledo Skyline,
Downtown Bowling Green,
Put-in-Bay, Goll Woods Nature Preserve in
Fulton County,
Toledo Walleye game,
Islamic Center of Greater Toledo in
Perrysburg Township,
MLK Bridge in Toledo, and the
Jerome Library in Bowling Green.
17.
Maumee River
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The Maumee River is a river running from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie in the United States. Toledo, Ohio, developed at the Maumee Rivers mouth, the Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18,1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio’s breadbasket, it is farmland, mostly corn. It is the largest watershed of any of the feeding the Great Lakes. Historically the river was known as the Miami in United States treaties with Native Americans. As early as 1671, French colonists called the river Miami du Lac, Maumee is an anglicized spelling of the Ottawa or Odawa name for the Miami tribe, Maamii. The Odawa had a village at the mouth of the Maumee River, the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, was fought 3⁄4 mile north of the banks of the Maumee River. After this decisive victory for General Anthony Wayne, Native Americans ceded a twelve mile square tract around Perrysburg and Maumee to the United States by the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. Lands north of the river and downstream of Defiance were ceded in the 1807 Treaty of Detroit, prior to the development of canals, portages between the rivers were important trade routes. U. S. forces built forts such as Fort Loramie, Fort Recovery, in honor of General Waynes victory on the banks of the Maumee, the primary bridge crossing the river near downtown Toledo is named the Anthony Wayne Suspension Bridge. A dispute over control of part of the Maumee River region led to the so-called Toledo War between Ohio and the Michigan Territory, agricultural practices along the Maumee River have contributed in the 21st century to high phosphate levels in Lake Erie. This triggered algae blooms in the lake, rendering drinking water from the city of Toledo unsafe for consumption for nearly a week in August 2014. The Maumee River watershed was part of the Great Black Swamp, a remnant of Glacial Lake Maumee. The 1, 500-square-mile swamp was a vast network of forests, wetlands, and grasslands, the mouth of the river at Toledo and Lake Erie is wide and supports considerable commercial traffic, including oil, grain, and coal. About 12 miles upstream, in the town of Perrysburg, Ohio, the Miami and Erie Canal was built parallel to and north of the Maumee between Toledo and Defiance, Ohio, to enable extended transportation of shipped goods. The canal entered the river at a slackwater created by Independence Dam and it exited the river at Defiance and was built to the south, ending at Cincinnati, Ohio. While abandoned for use, portions of the canals towpath are maintained for recreational use in both Lucas and Henry counties. A restored section of canal, including a lock, is operated at Providence Metropark
Maumee River
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The Maumee River at
Grand Rapids, Ohio
Maumee River
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The St. Marys River (left) and St. Joseph River (right) converge to form the Maumee River (foreground) in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Maumee River
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The
Veterans' Glass City Skyway in
Toledo, Ohio.
Maumee River
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Toledo, Ohio
18.
Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority
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Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority is a public transit agency that has been transporting people in the Toledo area of Ohio since 1971. TARTA has more than 30 bus routes in and around the Toledo metropolitan area serving nine communities and carries approximately 3.5 million passengers each year, every TARTA bus uses biodiesel fuel, and is equipped with bicycle racks. The transit authority also has special buses designed especially for disabled riders called TARPS, TARTA Tracker is available in a desktop/laptop edition, mobile edition - both at www. TARTATracker. com – and a phone edition at 419-243-RIDE. In summer 2009, TARTA added 40 new buses to its fleet, including 10 mini- and 18 full-sized buses, the new buses were purchased with $7 million in federal money. The buses have routes in Toledo and its suburbs, including Maumee, Ottawa Hills, Rossford, Sylvania, Sylvania Township, call-A-Ride service is available in each of these locations
Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority
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Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority
19.
Toledo War
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The Toledo War, also known as the Michigan–Ohio War, was an almost bloodless boundary dispute between the U. S. state of Ohio and the adjoining territory of Michigan. Originating from conflicting state and federal legislation passed between 1787 and 1805, the dispute resulted from poor understanding of geographical features of the Great Lakes at the time. Varying interpretations of the law caused the governments of Ohio and Michigan to both claim sovereignty over a 468-square-mile region along the border, now known as the Toledo Strip, beginning in 1835, both sides passed legislation attempting to force the other sides capitulation. The militias were mobilized and sent to positions on opposite sides of the Maumee River near Toledo, the single military confrontation of the war ended with a report of shots being fired into the air, incurring no casualties. During the summer of 1836, Congress proposed a compromise whereby Michigan gave up its claim to the strip in exchange for its statehood, the compromise was considered a poor outcome for Michigan. Voters in a convention in September soundly rejected the proposal. The later discovery of copper and iron deposits and the timber in the Upper Peninsula more than offset Michigans economic loss in surrendering Toledo. In 1787, the Congress of the Confederation enacted the Northwest Ordinance, the Ordinance specified that the territory was eventually to be divided into not less than three nor more than five future states. It was determined that the boundary for three of these states was to be an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. At the time, the location of this extreme was unknown. The most highly regarded map of the time, the Mitchell Map and this meant that the entire shoreline of Lake Erie west of Pennsylvania would have belonged to the state that was to become Ohio. Because the territorial boundary line between the U. S and this provision would guarantee that most of the Maumee River watershed and all of the southern shore of Lake Erie west of Pennsylvania would fall in Ohio. The committees report stated that the defining the northern boundary depended on a fact not yet ascertained. This difference, and its ramifications, apparently went unnoticed at the time. The location of the border was contested throughout the early 19th century, residents of the Port of Miami—which would later become Toledo—urged the Ohio government to resolve the border issue. The Ohio legislature, in turn, passed repeated resolutions and requests asking Congress to take up the matter, in 1812, Congress approved a request for an official survey of the line. Delayed because of the War of 1812, it was only after Indianas admission to the Union in 1816 that work on the survey commenced, surveyor General Edward Tiffin, who was in charge of the survey, was a former Ohio governor. As a result, Tiffin employed surveyor William Harris to survey not the Ordinance Line, when completed, the Harris Line placed the mouth of the Maumee River completely in Ohio
Toledo War
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"Mitchell Map" of the region, from the late 1700s, used to create the Ordinance Line of 1787. Note that the southern tip of
Lake Michigan is depicted as being farther north than Lake Erie.
Toledo War
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Map of the
Northwest Territory as established by the
U.S. Congress in the
Northwest Ordinance, shown with present-day state borders, and correct spatial relationship between Lakes Michigan and Erie
Toledo War
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Former Ohio Governor and U.S. Surveyor General
Edward Tiffin who commissioned the Harris Line survey.
Toledo War
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U.S.
President Andrew Jackson, who sided with Ohio in the conflict and dismissed Mason as governor.
20.
Toledo Museum of Art
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The Toledo Museum of Art is an internationally known art museum located in the Old West End neighborhood of Toledo, Ohio, United States. It houses a collection of more than 30,000 objects, the museum was founded by Toledo glassmaker Edward Drummond Libbey in 1901, and moved to its current location, a Greek revival building designed by Edward B. Green and Harry W. Wachter, in 1912. The main building was expanded twice, in the 1920s and 1930s, additional buildings were added in the 1990s and 2006. The museum contains collections of glass art and of 19th and 20th century European and American art, as well as small but distinguished Renaissance, Greek, Roman. Other artists in the permanent collection include Holbein, Cole, Cropsey, Turner, Tissot, Degas, Monet, Cézanne, Matisse, Miró, Picasso, Calder, Bearden, Close, and Kiefer. The Rubens painting, The Crowning of Saint Catherine, was bought by the Toledo Museum of Art from Albert Koppel in 1950, Rubens had originally painted it for the church of the Augustinians in Mechelen where it was installed in 1631. In the eighteenth century the church sold it to a dealer. It remained as part of the Rutland estate until 1911 when the 8th Duke of Rutland sold it to the German-Jewish banker, on Koppels death in 1933 it was illegally appropriated by senior Nazi Hermann Göring for his private collection. At the end of World War II it was discovered by American troops in a mine and was eventually reclaimed, with several other paintings, by Albert Koppel. The Peristyle, a hall within the east wing, is built in a classical style to match the museums exterior. The hall is the principal concert space for the Toledo Symphony Orchestra, a sculpture garden, containing primarily postwar works was added in 2001 and runs in a narrow band along the museums Monroe Street facade. The 1, 750-seat Peristyle was part of the 1933 expansion, seating is divided into floor and riser seating, with the riser seating arranged in a half-circle, similar to a Greek theater. At the back of the seating are 28 Ionic columns that give the concert hall its name. A Center for the Visual Arts, designed by Frank Gehry, was added in the 1990s and it includes the museums library as well as studio, office, and classroom space for the art department of the University of Toledo. In 2000, the firm of SANAA was chosen to design a new building to house the museums glass collection. Front Inc. was appointed to assist the architects in developing concepts for the glass wall systems. With its grand staircase leading up to a row of Ionic columns, the new structure’s low, horizontal form, fits in this context with remarkable delicacy, as if the architects hesitated to disturb the surroundings. The buildings curved glass walls were imported entirely from China, the building showcases the museums original glass collection in addition to several new works, including one prominent glass sculpture by Dale Chihuly
Toledo Museum of Art
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Toledo Museum of Art
Toledo Museum of Art
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Toledo Glass Pavilion
Toledo Museum of Art
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Interior of the Glass Pavilion.
21.
Toledo Express Airport
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Toledo Express Airport is a joint civil-military airport in Swanton and Monclova townships 10 miles to the west of Toledo in western Lucas County, Ohio, United States. The airport opened in 1955 as a replacement to then Toledo Municipal Airport located southeast of Toledo, TOL is near the crossing of State Route 2 and Interstate 80/90. TOL is used by passenger and cargo airlines, general aviation, the airport is operated by the Toledo–Lucas County Port Authority on a lease agreement from the City of Toledo. The airport also serves as headquarters and ground cargo hub for BX Solutions, in 2015, Toledo Express recorded its third straight year of passenger growth reaching 179,911. In 2008 the airport averaged 149 operations per day, 35% transient general aviation, 24% air taxi, 18% commercial, 14% local general aviation, 81-acre air ramp on the south side of the airport used for air cargo, storage, ground shipping and also aircraft diversions. 8-gate domestic passenger terminal on the side of the airfield. Common use air cargo and cold storage building on the side of the airfield by the terminal. 5000 sq. ft. Customs facility to handle inbound international flight crews, passengers, Toledo Express has one passenger terminal with 9 gates of which three in the central part of the terminal are primarily used on a daily basis. The terminal features an east wing that comprises one upper level gate, the ground level gates are capable of supporting up to 5 total aircraft at once combined. The oldest part of the terminal is the wing, which comprises Gates 6 through 8. During the terminal upgrades that introduced a new area for Gate 4 and a brand new Gate 5. Previous Gate 6 is inoperative and no longer has an attached to it. The terminal is mostly original from the 1950s, but several upgrades have taken place and this includes the remodeling and construction of the east wing as well as the new central gate area. The terminal has two levels with the waiting area, beyond security, on the upper level. In that area the passengers have access to a food court, there is also a childrens play area. Prior to security there is a shop near the front entrances of the terminal near the airline ticket counters. Baggage claim is on the level on the east side of the terminal with two baggage carousels. The rental car counters are located between the waiting area and the baggage claim
Toledo Express Airport
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Toledo Express Airport
Toledo Express Airport
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FAA diagram of Toledo Express Airport
22.
Fifth Third Field (Toledo, Ohio)
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Fifth Third Field is the name of a minor league baseball stadium in Toledo, Ohio. The facility is home to the Toledo Mud Hens, an International League team, the stadium seats 10,300 and opened in 2002. It hosted the 2006 Triple-A All-Star Game and home run derby, the stadium was named one of the best minor league ballparks in America by Newsweek. In the summer of 2007, ESPN. com rated The Roost section of Fifth Third Field as the best seats to watch a game in minor league baseball, the Ohio-based Fifth Third Bank purchased the naming rights to the stadium. It is located in downtown Toledo, two blocks from the Maumee River, the new stadium replaced Ned Skeldon Stadium, located in suburban Maumee, Ohio, as the Mud Hens home. Ned Skeldon Stadium was described as quaint or rustic and the new park was intended to boost development downtown, a small commercial area has sprung up around the park, centered on St. Clair Street, on the parks southeast side. The street address is 406 Washington Street, the park is bounded by Washington Street, North Huron Street, Monroe Street/Henry Morse Way and Msgr. Jerome Schmidt Way/North St. Clair Street, the Fifth Third Field is part of a complex that includes the SeaGate Convention Centre and the Huntington Center. The $21 million expansion is expected to draw 150, 000-200,000 more people to Toledos downtown, the entertainment district stretches along North St. Clair Street from Washington to Monroe streets, adjacent to the ballpark. The area includes the expanded Swamp Shop, new retail shop Holy Toledo, several bars, Nine restaurant, Fleetwood’s Tap Room. In addition to increased traffic for ballgames, the district will hold events such as outdoor concerts, Monday movie nights, fireworks. In 2009, the Mud Hens installed new ribbon scoreboards along the first base and they are in color and can display a variety of graphics, stats, and the game score. It is also zoned on the top 70% where it shows the current batter, animations, games, the new Daktronics video board also replaced the Fair Play message board below the old Fair Play scoreboard. Fifth Third Field Info Virtual tour of Fifth Third Field Fifth Third Field views ESPN. coms Ten Best Seats in the Minor Leagues Fifth Third Field - BallparkReviews. com
Fifth Third Field (Toledo, Ohio)
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Fifth Third Field
Fifth Third Field (Toledo, Ohio)
23.
Fort Meigs
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Fort Meigs was a United States fortification along the Maumee River in Ohio during the War of 1812. The British army, supported by Tecumsehs Confederacy, failed to capture the fort during the Siege of Fort Meigs. It is named in honor of Ohio governor Return J. Meigs, Jr. for his support in providing General William Henry Harrison with militia and supplies for the line of forts along the Old Northwest frontier. Construction of the started in February 1813 by soldiers under the command of General William Henry Harrison at a site where present-day Perrysburg. It was to provide a supply depot and staging point for US military operations in Canada that would command the rapids of the Maumee River. The remnants of the British Fort Miami were across the river downstream, the winter climate was harsh, and the landscape unforgiving. A U. S. sentry froze to death during his two hours of guard duty, the walls were constructed using logs cut to a 15-foot length, partially buried in the ground, then protected by a steep earthen slope thrown against the logs to strengthen them against bombardment. An embankment against the side provided a parapet. When completed, the fort was the largest wooden walled fortification in North America, reinforcements reached the fort on May 4, increasing its garrison to 2,800. Coming under fire from Indians in the woods, part of the Kentuckian force pursued Tecumsehs men, in the woods, the disorganized Kentuckians suffered heavy casualties in confused fighting. Nearly 550 were captured, and of Dudleys 866 officers and men and this became known as Dudleys Massacre or Dudleys Defeat. The Shawnee, Delaware and other Native American warriors attacked any wood-gathering parties sent out from the fort, Harrison held out against the British by using a pair of 14-foot high embankments thrown up inside the walls along the length of the interior to absorb the incoming British shells. Proctor abandoned the siege on May 9,1813 and retreated to Detroit, the Second Siege, Having mobilized the garrison into an army, Harrison left General Green Clay in command of the fort, much reduced in size from its original layout. In July 1813, the British attempted to appease their allies by again besieging Fort Meigs, the Indians staged a mock battle to lure the garrison out. The Americans, however, saw through the ploy, after the failed siege attempt, the British moved on to Fort Stephenson, where Fremont, Ohio stands today. That attack also failed, causing heavy British losses and forcing their retreat to Canada, once the British had retreated from the area for good, General Harrison ordered Fort Meigs dismantled. In 1864, brothers Timothy and Thomas Hayes became the owners of the land on which the fort had stood and were instrumental in preserving it in memory, the heirs of the Hayes brothers sold the property to the state in 1907. On September 1,1908, the obelisk monument that can be seen from outside the fort was dedicated by a local veteran of the Civil War to the fallen soldiers of Fort Meigs
Fort Meigs
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Fort Meigs
Fort Meigs
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Historic reenactors firing flintlock muskets during Independence Day 2014.
24.
Imagination Station
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Imagination Station is a non-profit, hands-on science museum located on the riverfront in downtown Toledo, Ohio. The facility has over 300 exhibits for children of all ages, after tax levies failed in 2006 and 2007, COSI closed its doors to the public on the last day of 2007 due to lack of funding. In 2008, voters approved a levy to reopen the facility using The Toledo Science Center as its interim name. The Imagination Station opened on 10 October 2009, in 1984, the Portside Festival Marketplace shopping mall opened along the Maumee River, on the site of the former Tiedtkes department store, with the hope of revitalizing downtown Toledo. In 1990, the closed, leaving a vacant 100. A committee, appointed by the mayor, was charged with finding the best use for the site, researching options, committee members heard repeatedly the need for an educational family attraction. As a result, COSI Columbus was approached regarding the development of an institution in Toledo. A major fundraising campaign raised $9.5 million, surpassing the goal by $4.5 million. Additionally, the supported the project with $10 million. Another major step in establishing COSI Toledo was the transfer of the facility to COSI at a value of $16 million, on 1 March 1997, COSI opened its doors to the public. The facility attracted an average of 250,000 visitors per year, the award was presented by Laura Bush at a White House ceremony in January 2006. On July 28,2006, COSI Toledo and COSI Columbus legally split so each could focus on their own financial troubles, later that year, Berrien Springs Public Schools awarded a 2006 Teachers Choice Awards to COSI for its distance learning program. After voters voted down a second levy in November 2007, COSI Toledo closed due to lack of funding on December 31,2007. On November 4,2008, Lucas County, Ohio voters approved a levy for the science center enabling the facility to reopen in the Fall of 2009
Imagination Station
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COSI entrance in 2007 (now Imagination Station), with
Fifth Third Center at One SeaGate in the distance
Imagination Station
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A
Rube Goldbergian –style machine in the main lobby that creates music via user-dropped
billiard balls.
Imagination Station
–
The
Toledo Harbor Lighthouse 's original
Fresnel lens on display.
25.
Inverness Club
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Inverness Club, a private club, located in Toledo, Ohio has forged a place of distinction in professional golf history. Opening in 1903, the club has been the site of eleven championships and it also hosted the Inverness Invitational Four-Ball from 1935 to 1954. Byron Nelson who served as golf professional from 1940 to 1944 recognized Inverness Club as his “home course. ”S. P. Jermain. The championship course was designed by the architect, Donald Ross. Inverness Club will be the host site for the 2019 U. S, junior Amateur and the 2021 Solheim Cup. Inverness was founded in 1903, when many of Toledos wealthiest citizens purchased a parcel of land, the course was eventually expanded to eighteen holes. In 1916, the club hired Donald Ross to construct a golf course. In his unpublished book, Golf Has Never Failed Me, Ross discussed Inverness design, in 1945, Lloyd Gullickson became the head professional at Inverness Club, succeeding Byron Nelson, who was the professional from 1940 -1944. Gullickson remained at Inverness as the head professional until his retirement in 1965, the course has been refurbished three times, once after the 1920 Open by A. W. Tillinghast and Dick Wilson, then in 1978 by George and Tom Fazio, currently Inverness is ranked #37 on Golfweek Magazines Americas Best Classic Courses, and #41 by Golf Digest. Before 1920 in the United States, golf professionals were prohibited from entering the clubhouse, as professional golf tournaments began to appear in the early part of the 20th century, the visiting pros were treated the same as the home pros. By 1920, attitudes had begun to change. S, both parties agreed, and Inverness thus became the first golf club in the U. S. to allow pros in the clubhouse. Together they purchased a clock for the club house which is still housed there today. S. Open 1920 – Ted Ray 1931 – Billy Burke 1957 – Dick Mayer 1979 – Hale Irwin U. S. Amateur Championship 1973 – Craig Stadler PGA Championship 1986 – Bob Tway 1993 – Paul Azinger U. S. Senior Open 2003 – Bruce Lietzke 2011 – Olin Browne Future championships 2019 U. S, junior Amateur 2021 Solheim Cup Inverness Club
Inverness Club
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Inverness Club
26.
Toledo Harbor Light
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The Toledo Harbor Lighthouse is a lighthouse in Lake Erie near Toledo, Ohio, in the United States. The light replaced the 1837 lighthouse on Turtle Island at the mouth of the Maumee River and it is an active aid to navigation. The lighthouse is built on a 20-foot-deep stone crib,8.4 miles from the mouth of the Maumee River and it is also approximately 7 miles north of Maumee Bay State Park. After the channel was widened and deepened in 1897, shipping traffic increased. Crib construction was perfected on the Great Lakes on such earlier lights as White Shoal Light, Stannard Rock Light, and Rock of Ages Light and it is situated eight miles northeast of Toledo Harbor. It is a lighthouse that some believe resembles a gingerbread house. While there is no witch living inside as there was in the tale of Hansel and Gretel and it stands sentinel to Maumee Bay. The tip of the vent is 85 feet high above the lake, has a three-story dwelling and is brick with a steel frame. Described as Romanesque, its style is unique among Great Lakes lighthouses, the original cost was $152,000, so it comes close to rivaling Spectacle Reef Light, the most expensive lighthouse on the Great Lakes. The engineers next put steel frames in place, providing stability for a brick lighthouse. The dwelling was signed to accommodate one lighthouse keeper and two assistants, a cylindrical tower has a diameter of 13 feet, upward from the center of the dwelling roof. The lantern room measures 8.5 feet in diameter, helical bars support the glass panes in the onion-domed topped lantern room. The lantern room housed a unusual 3 ½-order Fresnel lens manufactured by Barbier & Benard of Paris. The lens featured a 180-degree bulls-eye, two smaller 60-degree bulls-eyes, and a half cylinder of glass, and when revolved produced two white flashes followed by a single red flash. A suspended weight was used to rotate the lens, which first sent forth its penetrating beams of light on the night of May 23,1904. By 1966, a motor was installed to rotate the lens. The last Coast Guard crew could then be removed, but not before measures were taken to prevent vandalism of the now keeperless lighthouse, the security system came in the form of a fully uniformed mannequin, stationed in one of the upper windows of the dwelling. Originally appearing as a man with a mustache, the mannequin later sported a long blond wig
Toledo Harbor Light
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Toledo Harbor Lighthouse
Toledo Harbor Light
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The lighthouse's original
Fresnel lens on display at Maumee Bay State Park Lodge
Toledo Harbor Light
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Ashtabula Harbor Light
27.
Maumee Bay State Park
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Maumee Bay State Park is a state park in Jerusalem Township, Lucas County, Ohio. The park was acquired by the state in 1974 and became a park in 1975. The 1, 336-acre park has resort lodges and cottages for visitors, common activities include hiking of the trails, picnicking, golfing, fishing, hunting, winter sports, boating, swimming, golfing, and geocaching. Visiting the nature center is also recommended, maumee Bay State Park - official site Resort Website
Maumee Bay State Park
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Maumee Bay State Park
Maumee Bay State Park
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Boardwalk through the wetland forest
Maumee Bay State Park
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Wetlands Boardwalk
Maumee Bay State Park
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Redwing Blackbird
28.
Toledo Mud Hens
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The Toledo Mud Hens are a Minor League Baseball team located in Toledo, Ohio. The Mud Hens play in the International League and are affiliated with the Detroit Tigers franchise of Major League Baseball and they play their home games at Fifth Third Field. Professional baseball had been played off and on in Toledo since 1883, but the Mud Hens era began in 1896 with the Swamp Angels and they played in Bay View Park, which was outside the Toledo city limits and therefore not covered by the citys blue laws. The park was located near marshland inhabited by American coots, also known as mud hens, for this reason, the local press soon dubbed the team the Mud Hens—a nickname that has stuck to Toledo baseball teams for all but a few years since. After only one year, though, the moved to Armory Park. M*A*S*H character Maxwell Klinger hailed from Toledo and often mentioned the Mud Hens as his baseball team throughout the series. He was often wearing a Toledo Mud Hens jersey and cap. Like Klinger, Farr was born and raised in Toledo, in fact, Klinger feels so strongly about the Mud Hens that he gets put on KP duty for a month when he hits his mortal enemy Sgt Zelmo Zale, who insulted the Mud Hens. The Mud Hens retired jersey #1 in Farrs honor, the title character of the comic strip Crankshaft was a pitcher for the Mud Hens just before World War II when he enlisted in the Army. He invariably wears a Mud Hens cap in the strip, in the summer of 2016 the Mud Hens retired jersey #13 in Crankshafts honor. Lou Brown, manager of the Cleveland Indians in the film Major League, richard Pryors character, Montgomery Brewster, in the 1985 film Brewsters Millions was said to have previously pitched for the Mud Hens. List of baseball parks in Toledo, Ohio Current and former Toledo Mud Hens players The Toledo Baseball Guide of the Mud Hens 1883–1943, www. baseball-reference. com Toledo Mud Hens web site
Toledo Mud Hens
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Team logo
29.
One SeaGate
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Fifth Third Center at One SeaGate is the tallest building in Toledo and Northwest Ohio. It is the tallest building between Chicago and Cleveland, and Cincinnati and Detroit, until 2006, the building served as the world headquarters for Owens-Illinois. In 2007, Fifth Third Bank moved their Northwest Ohio headquarters to the building, the buildings name comes from the plaza in which it is located, which includes three other small buildings. The tallest is only nine floors high, the plaza also includes the entrance to a near-abandoned mall which leads to Imagination Station. The fact that there is no beach on the Maumee River allows buildings to be built on the rivers edge - a characteristic used in the design of One Seagate. Other Toledo landmarks built on the rivers edge include Promedicas downtown offices, Promenade Park, the Toledo Port Authority, Owens Corning, costing $100 million, One SeaGate was built as the centerpiece of the SeaGate project in downtown Toledo. Groundbreaking took place in May 1979, and was dedicated in June 1982. The architects were Abramovitz, Harris & Kingsland, the building stands 432 feet away from the Water Street riverfront. The tower is 411 feet tall with 33 stories, with 29 floors of office space, each floor of the office tower has approximately 25,000 square feet, with 707,000 square feet of total leasable space. The building is made up of over 9,135 tons of steel, supported by 28 caissons, going 80 feet down into the Earth, and over 36,000 cubic yards of concrete. A 294-seat auditorium is located in the complex with an executive parking garage immediately below it. Underground, there is a mini-mall, SeaGate Shops at CitiWalk, when the building opened, Edwin Dodd, then O-Is Chairman and CEO, exerted his considerable influence to fill the Promenade level shops with tenants. Damschroeders and Ricardos Restaurant were two large tenants who were convinced to move in, the mini-mall has a small eatery area that leads to Promenade Park and Fountain Square, which features the Dimitri Hadzi sculpture, Propylaea. The underground tunnels connect the building to the Grand Plaza Hotel at Two SeaGate, Four SeaGate, a parking structure across Summit Street. The top floor accessible to occupants, the 28th, formerly included a restaurant that was frequented by business professionals. The 29th floor was exclusively mechanical, on the service level, there are loading docks for the convenience of tenants and the management of the building. The building is owned by One SeaGate Partners, LLC, an affiliate of Amtrust Realty, until 2006 the world headquarters for Owens-Illinois were at One Seagate. At that time the headquarters were moved to the Levis Commons complex in the suburb of Perrysburg, Ohio
One SeaGate
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The Fifth Third Center at One SeaGate.
One SeaGate
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One SeaGate driveway
One SeaGate
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The tower's appearance prior to being renamed Fifth Third Center at One SeaGate.
30.
Toledo Suburban Airport
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Toledo Suburban Airport is a public use airport located two nautical miles southwest of the central business district of Lambertville, a city in Monroe County, Michigan, United States. It is located just north of Michigans border with Ohio and northeast of the city of Toledo and it is included in the Federal Aviation Administration National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a general aviation facility. Although many U. S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Toledo Suburban Airport covers an area of 90 acres at an elevation of 669 feet above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 9/27 with a surface measuring 4,851 by 50 feet. The airport is staffed from 8AM until 6PM and this airport provides flight instructors, GA piston maintenance, Cessna Parts, hangars, tie downs, and has 100LL & Jet A fuel. For the 12-month period ending December 31,2008, the airport had 38,000 general aviation aircraft operations, at that time there were 48 aircraft based at this airport, 88% single-engine, 8% multi-engine, 2% helicopter and 2% ultralight. The airport is accessible by road from Section Rd, and is close to US-23, Suburban Aviation, the fixed-base operator Toledo Suburban
Toledo Suburban Airport
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Airport entrance, Section Rd.
Toledo Suburban Airport
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Hangar & Airport office
Toledo Suburban Airport
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Runway facing east from Whiteford Rd.
31.
Toledo Symphony Orchestra
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Toledo Symphony Orchestra is a symphony orchestra in Toledo, Ohio. It is the biggest musical resource for the region and they perform in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana. The orchestra regularly performs at the Toledo Club, the Franciscan Center, Stranahan Theater, hans Lange Joseph Hawthorne Serge Fournier Joseph Silverstein Yuval Zaliouk Ole Schmidt Andrew Massey Stefan Sanderling Toledo Symphony History of the TSO
Toledo Symphony Orchestra
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Toledo Symphony Orchestra
32.
Toledo Yacht Club
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The Toledo Yacht Club is a private yacht club in Bay View Park, in Toledo, Ohio, located on the Maumee River, at the western end of Lake Erie. The Toledo Yacht Club is among the oldest yacht clubs in North America, the Toledo Yacht Club was founded in 1865 with the name of Toledo Boat Club when two rowing clubs, the Undines and the Naiads, joined together and turned their attention to sailing. The Toledo Yacht Club was incorporated on October 3,1885, in 1904, the club readopted the name Toledo Yacht Club. The first club house was erected in 1878 on Gard Island near the mouth of the Ottawa River, in 1890, a more elaborate structure with sleeping rooms and a second floor was built. In 1896, a club, the Ohio Yacht Club. Later that year, the two merged under the name Toledo Yachting Association, maintaining city quarters in the Neptune Building in Toledo. When Bay View Park was developed, a 25-year lease was granted to the Toledo Yachting Association, in 1906, fire completely destroyed the club and all of its historic contents. By 1908, a new reinforced concrete Spanish style clubhouse was built on the site. This historic building still remains basically the same, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12,1976, the Toledo Yacht Club is a member owned corporation. It consists of a body, a Board of Trustees. The Bridge Officers also serve as Trustees on the Board, the Toledo Yacht Club is led by its chief executive, the Commodore. Next are the Vice Commodore and Rear Commodore, the club has a Financial Secretary, Treasurer, and Recording Secretary. These officers are known as the Bridge. The previous years Commodore serves as the Fleet Commander and Trustee, additional titles of Fleet Surgeon and Historian are assigned by the Commodore, however, they are not members of the Board of Trustees. The title Past Commodore is given to members who have served in the office of Commodore, past Commodores are eligible for membership in the International Order of the Blue Gavel. A. L. Smith was named the first Commodore in 1865, a full succession list of Toledo Yacht Club Commodores and their respective years of service will be added at a later date. Membership in the Toledo Yacht Club is divided into classes, defined by the club Constitution. He fell off, landing on the floor, cracked his head
Toledo Yacht Club
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This article relies entirely upon a single source, the
National Register Information System (NRIS) database or one of its mirrors. Articles based solely on the NRIS
may contain errors. Please help
ensure the accuracy of the information in this article by citing at least one more
reliable source. (November 2013)
Toledo Yacht Club
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1920 Postcard of Toledo Yacht Club in Toledo, Ohio
33.
Toledo Zoo
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Toledo Zoo is a zoo located in Toledo, Ohio, United States. The zoo began in 1900 as Toledo Zoological Gardens and operated by the City of Toledos Parks Board, in 1982, ownership was transferred from the city to Toledo Zoological Society, a private non-profit organization, and professionalized the zoos management. Many of the original buildings were built by the Works Progress Administration. Toledo Zoo is a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and it is also a member of the Butterfly Conservation Initiative. The zoo has also been home to many firsts in the world of zoos, such as the first hippoquarium, in 2014, the Toledo Zoo was named USA Todays #1 zoo in America. Toledo Zoo began in 1900, when a woodchuck was donated to the City of Toledo, in 1918, plans were made to move the Toledo Zoo from Walbridge Park to Ottawa Park, where it would represent the finest and the third largest zoo in the United States. These plans were never carried out, the zoo was run by the city until 1982, when management was transferred to the Toledo Zoological Society. It has since added new exhibits. In June 1986, the Hippoquarium, Phase 1 of the African Savanna, opened, Phase 2 opened the following year, in June 1987. Because of the success of the Hippoquarium exhibit, the Toledo Zoo was given an opportunity to two giant pandas on loan from China for the summer of 1988. This was the first year that the zoo had over a million people attend in one year, the exhibit became controversial when the World Wildlife Foundation sued the Toledo Zoo over exhibiting pandas on a short term loan. The zoo was also charging people to see the pandas as a separate exhibit, the lawsuit was settled out of court and the pandas were exhibited as planned throughout the summer. It is likely many more people visited the zoo to see the pandas. In 1998, the zoo renovated its Aviary which was built around 1930. In 1999, Toledo Zoo received the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Exhibit Award for Excellence, in recent years, the zoo built a pedestrian bridge over the Anthony Wayne Trail. Before the bridge was built, people could get into the zoo through an underground tunnel, opened on May 1,2004, and is 12 acres large. The main exhibit, the African plains, is 5 acres in size, there is also a 0. 6-acre section for African wild dogs. This is all viewed by visitors on a deck or the Safari Railway
Toledo Zoo
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Toledo Zoo
Toledo Zoo
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Toledo Zoo's
bridge
Toledo Zoo
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African clawless otter on the Tembo Trail
Toledo Zoo
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One of the bald eagles housed at the Toledo Zoo.
34.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
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This land had been ceded to the United States in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, but the Native Americans refused to comply with the treaty and relinquish control. British army bases were maintained there to support their Native allies and this ultimately led to the American offensive and subsequent British-Indian withdrawal from the territory altogether following the Treaty of Greenville. The battle, which was a victory for the United States, ended major hostilities in the region until Tecumsehs War. The Ohio River boundary line established by Britain in the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix recognized certain lands as belonging to the Native American nations, the Native Americans involved rejected the idea of the British or Americans to dispose of their tribal lands without their consent. They had no representation at the Paris Treaty negotiations, had not signed the treaty, as American settlers began moving into the Ohio Country, the Native Americans viewed them as unwelcome intruders. The United States government, on the hand, insisted it had the right to occupy the lands. The Western Confederacy, an alliance of Native American nations, was formed to defend their traditional lands, the confederacy achieved several victories over poorly led United States military forces in 1790 and 1791, alarming the administration of President George Washington. Washington understood that the settlers were to blame for much of the violence, nevertheless, he took steps to defeat the alliance as the conflict became more serious. In 1792, Washington ordered Revolutionary War hero General Mad Anthony Wayne to build, Wayne realized that the previous campaigns had failed because of poor training and a lack of discipline. Peace negotiations were undertaken in the summer of 1793, which meant he had time to build and they rejected the subsequent treaties awarding the lands north of the Ohio River to the United States, since they had never signed them. The American government found itself fighting a war over Ohio under the direction of Secretary of War Henry Knox, matters came to a head in what became known as Little Turtles War. As more American settlers moved into the part of the area following its division under the Land Ordinance of 1785. The Miami chieftain Michikinikwa led a confederation of tribes against ill-conceived expeditions led by General Josiah Harmar in 1790 and General Arthur St. Clair in 1791, harmars and St. Clairs armies consisted mainly of untrained militia, frontiersmen with rifles but little training or discipline. The green soldiers often broke ranks and ran when confronted by Native American warriors. In late August 1794, Little Turtle and his Shawnee ally, Weyapiersenwah, faced a new U. S. Army, Wayne had spent the better part of two years turning his soldiers into professionals. Waynes new army, the Legion of the United States, marched north from Fort Washington in Cincinnati in 1793, Wayne commanded about 2,000 men, with Choctaw and Chickasaw men serving as his scouts. Blue Jacket took a position along the Maumee River, not far from present-day Toledo, Ohio. They thought the trees would slow the advance of Waynes Legion, Fort Miami, a nearby British outpost on American soil, had supplied the Native American confederacy with provisions
Battle of Fallen Timbers
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An 1896 depiction of the battle from
Harper's Magazine.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
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Fallen Timbers Battlefield
Battle of Fallen Timbers
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Site of Fort Miami
Battle of Fallen Timbers
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Lines of trees at the battlefield park
35.
Farnsworth Metropark
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Farnsworth Metropark is a regional park located in Waterville, Ohio that is part of the Toledo Metroparks. The long narrow parks sits on the shore of the Maumee River with a view of several islands, including Missionary, Butler and Indian islands. The Roche de Bout is a big limestone outcrop forms a island near the center of the Maumee River. It was a landmark for early explorers and natives, the landmark was used by the Miami, Shawnee, Lenape and their allies as a location for councils. Leaders of these tribes met there before the Battle of Fallen Timbers with General Anthony Wayne in 1794 and it was used as one of the supports for the now abandoned Interurban Bridge. At one time, the Interurban Bridge, which crosses the river at the park, was the largest bridge that was filled with earth, today the bridge, which formerly served as part of a commuter rail line, is in ruins. In 2001, the rock and bridge an Ohio Historical Society Bicentennial Marker was dedicated to them for their historical significance, visitors to Farnsworth Metropark can easily wade to through the Maumee River out to the Roche de Bout. The Bowling Green Fault, which goes directly through the park, is the fault line around the Great Lakes. Running from Findlay, Ohio to Michigan, it is 100 miles long fault, when the Maumee water line is very low, the fault is exposed
Farnsworth Metropark
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Interurban Bridge and Roche de Bout from Farnsworth Metropark
36.
Oak Openings Preserve Metropark
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Oak Openings Preserve Metropark is the largest of the Toledo Area Metroparks. It is a preserve located between Whitehouse, Ohio and Swanton, Ohio and is part of the Toledo Metroparks. It is located southwest of the Toledo Express Airport, and contains sand dunes, most of the park is an oak savanna ecosystem, characterized by alternating wetlands and vegetated dunes. The park hosts the Beuhner Center, a unique, interactive nature center, there are over fifty miles of trails in Oak Openings Preserve. The park gets its name from the region in which it is located, Oak Openings Preserve lies within the larger Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio. The region hosts over 180 rare species of plants and animals and this is over one-third of all rare species found in the state of Ohio. According to The Nature Conservancy, the Oak Openings Region is one of the 200 Last Great Places on Earth
Oak Openings Preserve Metropark
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Mallard Lake at Oak Openings
37.
Side Cut Metropark
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Side Cut Metropark is a regional park located in Maumee, Ohio that is part of the Toledo Metroparks. It features Bluegrass Island, a fishing destination. Obtained from the state of Ohio in the 1920s, Side Cut was the original metropark and its name is derived from the site being a sidecut on the Miami and Erie Canal
Side Cut Metropark
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Canal locks #3 and #4
38.
Wildwood Preserve Metropark
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Wildwood Preserve Metropark is a nature reserve located in Toledo, Ohio, near Sylvania, that is part of the Toledo Metroparks. Previously, the park was an estate of Robert A. Stranahan, Senior. Built in 1938, the Wildwood Manor House was the home of the original owners, also on the property is the Oak Grove School. The tiny schoolhouse, built in 1897, was moved from Corey Road and it is occasionally open to the public. Wildwood Preserve Metropark - Metroparks Toledo Wildwood Manor House
Wildwood Preserve Metropark
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The bike entrance to the park.
Wildwood Preserve Metropark
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Gardens located to the east of the Stranahan Mansion
39.
Franklin Park Mall
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Franklin Park Mall is a shopping mall in Toledo, Ohio. Its anchor stores are Macys, Dillards, JC Penney, and it also includes Rave Motion Pictures multiplex theater that has a rating of 1 out of 5 stars due to the recent incident at the theater. Developed by The Rouse Company, the mall opened on July 22,1971, the mall was built using the Syncon modular building subsystems for an estimated savings of $500,000. When the mall opened, its anchor stores were Hudsons. Penney, and local department store Lamson Brothers, the mall comprised about 75 stores in 940,000 square feet of floor space, with the 294,000 square feet J. C. Penney anchor being one of the largest in the chain at the time. Mall concourses featured sunken courts before the entrance to each department store, skylights, in 1974, Lamson Brothers went bankrupt and the store was replaced by Jacobsons of Jackson, Michigan. This store was the fourteenth in the Jacobsons chain, in 1993, Rouse significantly remodeled the mall and added a new wing anchored by the Lion Store. In 1998 the Lion Store was renamed Dillards, while in 2001, the Westfield Group acquired the shopping center in early 2002, and renamed it Westfield Shoppingtown Franklin Park, dropping the Shoppingtown name in June 2005. Jacobsons went bankrupt and closed its location in early 2002, days before Westfield announced the takeover, the former Jacobsons was demolished in 2004 and in its place a new wing, the centerpiece of a massive $100 million renovation, opened in 2005. It was at time that a new National Amusements multiplex theater and Dicks Sporting Goods were built, as well as a new Food Court. Marshall Fields became Macys in 2006, in 2008 Westfield held a press conference at Franklin Park to announce were shoe retailer DSW Warehouse, clothing store Old Navy, and an Ulta cosmetic salon. The stores opened as part of the 49, 000-square-foot addition, after Borders went out of business in 2011, its space became Forever 21, which relocated from a smaller store within the mall. In fall 2013 the mall was sold to Starwood Capital Group with 7 other Westfield properties, as a result, it reverted to Franklin Park Mall. official Westfield Franklin Park website
Franklin Park Mall
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Franklin Park Mall
40.
Woodville Mall
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Woodville Mall was an enclosed shopping mall off of Woodville Road in Northwood, Ohio, outside the city of Toledo, Ohio. The mall opened in 1969 and, after losing most of its stores in the 2000s, the mall was closed in December 2011 and demolished in March 2014. The DeBartolo Corporation built Woodville Mall in 1969, a portion opened in April of that year, and the rest of the mall opened by years end. At the time of opening, it had three stores, J. C. Penney, Sears and Lasalles. Within two years, a new shopping mall on the northwest side of Toledo, the Franklin Park Mall began competing with Woodville Mall, a Woolco store also opened across from Woodville Mall in 1971. R. H. Macy & Co. which had owned Lasalles since 1923, converted their local stores to the Macys name in 1982, J. C. Penney closed its store in June 1987 due to declining sales. The store was replaced with a store called The Andersons. After The Andersons opened, many mall merchants reported higher sales, including Spencer Gifts, Kay-Bee Toys, F. W. Woolworth Company, also an original tenant of the mall, closed in February 1994 along with three other Woolworth stores in the Toledo area. After this store closed, J. C. Penney negotiated opening a new store in the vacated by Woolworth. Woolworth also operated a restaurant adjacent to the called the Harvest House Cafeteria from the time of the mall opening until 1994. Simon Property Group, which merged with DeBartolo in 1996, put Woodville Mall and another mall in Toledo, North Towne Square, both properties were sold in 2004 to Sammy Kahen and Jack Kashani of California. Most of the malls inline stores closed in the 2000s, by 2006, at this point, the malls owners considered tearing down portions of the mall. Kahen and Kashanis plans for renovation never materialized, leading to the closure of the Elder-Beerman store, mike Kohan, a New York real estate investor, bought the mall from Kahen in November 2009 and announced plans to add stores. New stores opened at the mall in 2011, including a stop, a furniture store. Kohan also attempted to sell the mall to Royale Property Management, a New Jersey concern, in December 2011, a county judge ordered the mall closed due to structural issues. The county sought a permanent injunction to keep the mall closed, Kohan stated he did not have the money to make the necessary repairs. On June 7,2012, the closure of the mall was made permanent by a judge, the Andersons and Sears would remain open, but the theater, which has no exterior entrance, is closed. The mall was scheduled to be demolished at the end of 2012, but the owner has not done so, in November 2012, The Andersons announced the closure of its Woodville location effective February 2013, leaving Sears as the only anchor
Woodville Mall
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Woodville Mall Center Toward Andersons
Woodville Mall
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Abandoned store in March 2014
41.
North Towne Square
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North Towne Square Mall was a shopping mall in Toledo, Ohio, United States. It opened in 1980 on the side of Toledo, adjacent to the Michigan state border. Originally, the mall featured three anchor stores, as well as several shops and restaurants, plus a movie theater. Changes in demographics and consolidations of anchor stores over time caused the mall to decline, by 2005, it was closed off except for a fitness center operating out of the former Montgomery Ward store, which is still in operation as of December,2014. North Towne Square was developed in 1980 by Simon Property Group of Indianapolis, the mall was located on the north side of Toledo, on Telegraph Road, less than a mile from the Michigan/Ohio state line. Originally, its anchor stores included two local department stores, Lasalles and The Lion Store, as well as Montgomery Ward, after only two years in business at North Towne Square, Lasalles began operating under the Macys name. R. H. Macy & Co. which had owned Lasalles since 1923, because of its proximinty to the Michigan border, the mall drew customers from southeastern Michigan as well. The 1988 opening of Frenchtown Square Mall in Monroe, Michigan significantly reduced the amount of coming from Michigan to North Towne. Expansions at Franklin Park Mall and an economy in Toledo. Many of North Towne Squares chain tenants moved to Franklin Park or Frenchtown Square, Elder-Beerman filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1995. Two years later, Dillards acquired all of The Lion Stores locations in Toledo, two years later, Dillards closed as well, leaving the mall with only a single anchor store. The malls movie theater complex was closed by the early 2000s. Montgomery Ward closed its store at North Towne Square in 2002 as a result of Wards bankruptcy, in December 2001, a new club called the energy zone was revealed. The dance club drew hundreds of youths on weekends, according to Nosa Oviahon and his wife and it was open Friday nights for ages 13 to 15 and Saturdays for those 16 to 20. By the end of the year the club became a TV show on TV5 Originally hosted by Eric Yuhaus, Dj Zman and finally Greg Michaels, radio personality, a popular persona and widely considered the last hope for the show and club. However due to disagreements within the shows management Michaels quit the show. The club was closed in 2003, by 2002, the malls largest tenant was MC Sports, and only 20 other stores operated within. In 2003, the mall was renamed Lakeside Centre as part of a redevelopment plan, the remaining tenants leases were terminated in early 2005
North Towne Square
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North Towne Square
North Towne Square
North Towne Square
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The mall in January 2011
42.
Toledo Complex
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The Toledo Complex is an automobile factory in Toledo, Ohio. Now owned by Chrysler, sections of the facility have operated as an assembly plant since 1910. The Toledo complex has assembled Jeeps since the 1940s, and comprises two factories, Toledo North and Toledo South, which includes the Stickney Plant and the Parkway Annex. The Toledo South Assembly Plant is the original Jeep CJ assembly factory and it was rebuilt for manufacture of the JK Wrangler for Jeep, starting on August 28,2006. The plant actually consists of two interconnected units, the Stickney Plant and the Parkway Annex, in recent years, basic assembly and painting of the Jeep Wrangler has been done in the Parkway facility. Both the Stickney and Parkway sites were replaced by Toledo Supplier Park in 2007, the Stickney Plant was opened in 1942 by Autolite and sold to Kaiser-Jeep in 1964. It was used as a machining and engine plant until 1981 and it began producing the Jeep Grand Wagoneer that year through 1991 when final assembly of the Wrangler was moved there. In 1987, when Chrysler acquired AMC, it was renamed Toledo Assembly Plant, the Parkway Annex was opened in 1904 as a bicycle factory. Its use as an assembly plant dates from 1910, when it was purchased by Willys-Overland. The plant began producing the Jeep in the 1940s and was renamed the Toledo Assembly Plant when Chrysler purchased American Motors in 1987, basic assembly and painting of the Wrangler body was done at the Parkway plant through 2006, when it was closed. The Parkway plant included landmark smokestacks spelling out Overland in bricks and it was home to military Jeep production, as well as the Jeep museum. One third of the plant was demolished in 2002, including the museum. Two of the three Overland smokestacks, a Toledo landmark since 1915, were demolished on June 18,2007, the future of the remaining stack, left alone by Chrysler LLC, is subject to the development plans of a future owner, the site is not for sale. Toledo Supplier Park opened in 2007 by DaimlerChrysler to produce the new Jeep Wrangler, the name comes from the two on-site suppliers who make different parts for the Wrangler. While the suppliers may make most of the parts, final assembly is done by Chrysler, the Toledo Supplier Park sits on the same site as the Stickney Plant. The Toledo North Assembly Plant was opened in 2001, building the unibody Jeep Liberty, the 2. 14-million-square-foot plant sits on 200 acres at 4400 Chrysler Drive, and construction began in 1997. Jeep Wrangler,2.8 liter diesel included Jeep Wrangler Unlimited,2
Toledo Complex
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Overland smokestacks at the Parkway Annex of the Toledo Complex, dating to 1910. The stacks flanking the center stack were demolished on June 18, 2007.
43.
Toledo Free Press
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The Toledo Free Press was a weekly newspaper which was published from 2005 to 2015 in Toledo, Ohio. It was founded in March 2005 by Thomas Pounds, an administrator of daily newspapers in Toledo and Pittsburgh. On March 10,2010, the added a Wednesday edition called the Toledo Free Press STAR. The second edition focuses on arts and sports with a comprehensive calendar of events. The paper published an investigative journalism, commentary, and local news and features in a tabloid format. In May 2010, Toledo Free Press started offering digital e-PRESS versions of both editions of its paper via Issuu, more than 450 editions have been uploaded, with impressions totaling more than 800,000. In December 2006, the paper announced it was moving its distribution day from Wednesday to Sunday. From its initial circulation of 30,000, the paper grew to a circulation of more than 100,000 in its heyday and declined to a 2014 circulation of 72,000, with 57,000 free home delivered. On April 27,2015, the announced its closure, citing legal troubles. The newspaper continued to publish to its website and its Facebook page, archive of final Toledo Free Press website from May 2015 Toledo Free Press Issuu profile
Toledo Free Press
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Toledo Free Press
44.
Jeep
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Jeep is a brand of American automobiles that is a division of FCA US LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. The former Chrysler Corporation acquired the Jeep brand, along with the assets of its owner American Motors. The division is headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, Jeeps current product range consists solely of sport utility vehicles and off-road vehicles, but has also included pickup trucks in the past. The original Jeep was the prototype Bantam BRC, Willys MB Jeeps went into production in 1941 specifically for the military, arguably making them the oldest four-wheel drive mass-production vehicles now known as SUVs. The Jeep became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the United States Army, the term became common worldwide in the wake of the war. Doug Stewart notes, The spartan, cramped, and unstintingly functional jeep became the ubiquitous World War II four-wheeled personification of Yankee ingenuity and cocky, the first civilian models were produced in 1945. It inspired a number of light utility vehicles, such as the Land Rover. Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been designed in other nations, only two companies responded to the request, American Bantam Car Company and Willys-Overland. The Army had set what seemed like an impossible deadline of 49 days to supply a working prototype, Willys asked for more time, but was refused. The bankrupt American Bantam Car Company had no engineering staff left on the payroll and solicited Karl Probst, after turning down Bantams initial request, Probst responded to an Army request and commenced work, initially without salary, on July 17,1940. Probst laid out plans for the Bantam prototype, known as the BRC or Bantam Reconnaissance Car. Bantams bid was submitted, complete with blueprints, on July 22, while much of the vehicle could be assembled from off-the-shelf automotive parts, custom four-wheel drivetrain components were to be supplied by Spicer. The hand-built prototype was completed in Butler, Pennsylvania, and driven to Camp Holabird, Maryland, the vehicle met all the Armys criteria except engine torque. The resulting Ford Pygmy and Willys Quad prototypes looked very similar to the Bantam BRC prototype, fifteen hundred of each of the three models were built and extensively field-tested. Delmar Barney Roos, Willys-Overlands chief engineer, made changes to meet a revised weight specification. He was thus able to use the powerful but comparatively heavy Willys Go Devil engine, the Willys version of the car would become the standardized Jeep design, designated the model MB and was built at their plant in Toledo, Ohio. The familiar pressed-metal Jeep grille was actually a Ford design feature, the Army chose Ford as the second supplier, building Jeeps to the Willys design. Willys supplied Ford with a set of plans and specifications
Jeep
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Bantam BRC 40
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Ford Pygmy
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Dashboard of World War II era jeep.
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Jeep with
50 cal. Browning machine gun
45.
The Toledo Hospital
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The Toledo Hospital is a public hospital in Toledo, Ohio that is part of the ProMedica Health System. According to HealthGrades, the Toledo Hospital is among the nation’s top 5% of hospitals, in 2007, HealthGrades presented TTH with three awards, the Distinguished Hospital Award for Clinical Excellence, the Cardiac Care Excellence Award, and the Cardiac Surgery Excellence Award. The hospital has a cafeteria, two shops, internet access, a library, and pastoral services. There is also a project currently taking place, which will result in the hospital containing a specific heart hospital. The Toledo Hospital also contains the Toledo Childrens Hospital
The Toledo Hospital
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The Toledo Hospital
46.
Toledo City School District
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Toledo Public Schools is a school district headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, United States. The school district serves students of the city of Toledo and is the fourth largest in the state, dr. Romules Durant became the districts superintendent on August 1,2013. Students are allowed to any solid colored polo and certain types of pants. The building was finished in 1857 and the first class graduated from Central High School in 1858, in 1872, Jesup W. Scott selected a body of trustees to establish a “University of Arts and Trades” for the city of Toledo. Unable to carry out the wishes of donors, the trustees tendered the property to the city of Toledo in January 1884, the Scott Manual Training School was opened and had the distinction of being one of the first such schools to offer courses in Domestic Science. The building was destroyed by a fire in March 1885, but was rebuilt as a larger structure in 1886 with sixty-one rooms. Until 1913, this was the only high school building except for a few years where the first two years of high school were offered at East Side Central. Students were eventually transferred over to Jesup W. Scott High School in 1913, in January 1912 the Elementary Industrial School was established within the Central building with an emphasis on mechanical drawing and woodwork. When the remaining high school students left for Waite, the school sought a new name. The new school was named Woodward Junior High School for Calvin M. Woodward, when the school added four-year classes, it became Woodward Technical High School. In 1927, Vocational High School was established in the Woodward Tech building as well, Woodward Tech would move into a new building on Streicher Street in 1928 and become Calvin M. Woodward High School. Vocational High School remained in the old building until 1938 when it moved into a new location on Monroe Street, with four high schools established by 1923, a suitable high school was necessary for the south end. Edward Drummond Libbey High School was built and named for the Libbey Glass founder, in 1931, another high school was also built in the quickly-expanding west end and named for local industrialist Thomas A. DeVilbiss. Harriet Whitney Vocational High School was also established in 1939 as a trade school. As Toledo continued to grow, so did its school district, two more high schools were opened in 1962, one named for former TPS superintendent E. L. Bowsher that was to ease crowding at Libbey, and one named for former Toledo mayor Roy C. Start in order to ease crowding at DeVilbiss, when Toledo fully annexed Adams Township in 1964, TPS also acquired Robert S. Rogers High School into its system in 1966. In January 1968, the Ohio General Assembly allowed TPS to annex Spencer-Sharples School District despite it not being connected to the rest of the district. In 1970, the Jefferson Center was set up in the old downtown post office as an high school for students with behavioral issues
Toledo City School District
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This chart shows the decrease in enrollment at Toledo Public's high schools from 1974-1990. This reflected the city's population trends over that time and gave reasoning to what schools were considered for closure.
47.
Bowling Green State University
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Bowling Green State University is a large, primarily residential, public research university located in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. The 1, 338-acre main academic and residential campus is located 15 miles south of Toledo, over the universitys history, it developed from a small rural normal school into a comprehensive public university. As of 2012 Bowling Green offered over 200 undergraduate programs, as well as masters and its academic programs have been nationally ranked by Forbes magazine, U. S. News & World Report, and Washington Monthly. The 2011 Carnegie Foundation classified BGSU as having high research activity, Research projects in the areas of psychology, sociology, education and human development, energy and sustainability are among the most prominent. BGSU had a residential student population of 6,500 students. The university also maintains a campus, known as BGSU Firelands, in Huron. Although the majority of students attend classes on BGSUs main campus, about 2,500 students attend classes at Firelands, about 85% of Bowling Greens students are from Ohio. The university hosts a student life program, with over 300 student organizations. The campus is home to events including the Dance Marathon, Winterfest. During the period, people of northwestern Ohio campaigned for a school in their region to better quality education. Bowling Green offered four possible sites and became one of four finalists including Fremont, Napoleon, despite the town being the home of John Lowry, Napoleon was ruled out because the commission found it had numerous saloons. Fremont was eliminated due to the specific stipulations imposed by the President Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial Commission. Bowling Green was chosen on November 10,1910 over Van Wert in a 3–2 vote by the commission, at the same time, the commission chose Kent for a school in Northeastern Ohio. Over the years 1911 and 1912, the Board of Trustees was appointed by the Governor, a campus plan was created and $150,000 was appropriated to develop the campus and construct the first buildings. The school opened on September 15,1914 as Bowling Green State Normal School in two locations at the Bowling Green Armory and at a branch school in Toledo for the 1914–1915 academic year. It initially enrolled 304 students from Ohio, Michigan, and New York who were taught by 21 faculty members, the school graduated its first class in 1915, consisting of 35 certified teachers. University Hall and Williams Hall opened that year, the schools first two permanent buildings, two years later the first baccalaureate degrees for teacher education were awarded. On March 28,1920 a tornado, part of the 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, the tornado touched down near Bowling Green and strengthened as it moved into Ottawa County where it killed two people in Genoa
Bowling Green State University
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First known photograph of the campus, taken in 1910 before buildings were erected.
Bowling Green State University
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Bowling Green State University
Bowling Green State University
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Bowling Green Normal School in 1915
Bowling Green State University
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Aerial view of the campus, circa early 1930s.
