Tolox
…and then to the Umayyad Arab invaders. Tolox was freed from Córdoba rule in 883 by Umar ibn Hafsun, who developed it to one of his main bases in the Serranía de Ronda. It did not fall until 921 when his son Süleyman surrendered it to Abd-ar-Rahman III. After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Tolox came under the…