1.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
2.
Rancho Mirage, California
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Rancho Mirage is a resort city in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 17,218 at the 2010 census, up from 13,249 at the 2000 census, located between Cathedral City and Palm Desert, it is one of the nine cities of the Coachella Valley. Rancho Mirage was incorporated in 1973 from a merger of Mirage Cove with five unincorporated areas known as the Cove communities, although the first modern settlements date back to the 1920s and 1930s, Rancho Mirage got its claim to fame after World War II. Several United States Presidents have vacationed at the Annenberg estate, including Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Ford later bought a house in Rancho Mirage and was living there at the time of his death in 2006. The Betty Ford Center, a world-renowned addiction rehabilitation center, is located in Rancho Mirage at the Eisenhower Medical Center, President Barack Obama has also used Sunnylands for summit meetings with world leaders during his administration. Rancho Mirage has twelve golf courses, also known as clubs or golf resorts. The citys first resort was the Thunderbird Guest Ranch, opened in 1946 for entertainers, the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of Palm Springs runs the Agua Caliente Casino on the intersection of Bob Hope Drive and Ramon Road off Interstate 10, opened in 2002. The casino is a destination for locals, tourists. In 2008 the tribal board completed the expansion of the Agua Caliente resort, a theater for top name entertainers opened in 2009. The First Family is heading west, according to the New York Post, the Obamas have reportedly purchased a house in Rancho Mirage, California. The climate of the Coachella Valley is influenced by the surrounding geography, high mountain ranges on three sides and a south-sloping valley floor all contribute to its unique and year-round warm climate, with the warmest winters in the western United States. Winters are warm with highs between 73–84 °F. Under 5 inches of precipitation are average, with over 348 days of sunshine per year. The 2010 United States Census reported that Rancho Mirage had a population of 17,218, the population density was 693.3 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Rancho Mirage was 15,267 White,256 African American,94 Native American,651 Asian,14 Pacific Islander,598 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,964 persons. The Census reported that 17,154 people lived in households,16 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 316 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 454 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,055 households were made up of individuals and 1,961 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 1.94. There were 4,825 families, the family size was 2.46
3.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park — Hollywood Hills is one of the six Forest Lawn Southern California cemeteries. It is located at 6300 Forest Lawn Dr, Los Angeles, CA90068, in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Forest Lawn — Hollywood Hills is a dedicated to the preservation of American history and hosts high-profile events such as an annual Veterans Day ceremony attended by dignitaries. The park features such sights as, The Court of Liberty features statues of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, at 162 feet long and 28 feet high, Birth of Liberty is the largest historical mosaic in the United States. It is composed of ten pieces of Venetian glass and depicts twenty-five scenes from early America. The Old North Church, a replica of Bostons historic church. The historical rooms have documents and mementos of the colonial period, the Hall of Liberty American History Museum has a copy of the Liberty Bell and other exhibits. The museum has a 1, 200-seat auditorium, monument to Washington, a marble and bronze tribute to Americas first president, created by sculptor Thomas Ball. Four of Washingtons generals are honored in the memorial, the Lincoln Terrace features a 16-foot bronze statue of the 16th president by Augustus St. Gaudens, flanked by a panoramic mosaic depicting key scenes from Lincolns life. The Plaza of Mesoamerican Heritage has indigenous/non-Christian sculptures by Meliton Salas Rodriguez, of Guadalajara, the first Forest Lawn, in Glendale, was founded in 1906 by businessmen who hired Dr. Hubert Eaton, a firm believer in a joyous life after death. Before it was a cemetery, Forest Lawn was a location used by directors such as Carl Laemmle. The climactic battle scenes for D. W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation were filmed there. The alternate names of the site are Providencia Flats, Nestor Ranch, Oak Ranch, Oak Crest Ranch, Universal Ranch/Universal City, Lasky Ranch. When Eaton made known his desire to open a second Forest Lawn location in the Hollywood Hills, the local residents protested vehemently. To circumvent the protesters, Mr. Eaton sent his staff to the county morgue to claim 6 John Does, in the morning, the protesters had no power because, by law, the property was now a cemetery. A mausoleum, for crypt or vault interments, a crematory and columbarium, for cinerary interments. A place where six or more bodies are buried. The new mortuary and cemetery opened in 1952, interred or entombed in the Hollywood Hills cemetery are many famous people, particularly from the entertainment industry
4.
Palm Springs, California
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Palm Springs is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately 55 mi east of San Bernardino,107 mi east of Los Angeles,123 mi northeast of San Diego, the population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately 94 square miles, making it the largest city in the county by land area, biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of recreation in Palm Springs. The city is famous for its mid-century modern architecture and design elements. Archaeological research has shown that the Cahuilla people have lived in the area for the past 350–500 years, the Cahuilla name for the area was Se-Khi. The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the open desert, presently the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass areas. The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres, of which 6,700 acres lie within the city limits, as of 1821 Mexico was independent of Spain and in March 1823 the Mexican Monarchy ended. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the region was ceded to the United States in 1848, one possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or The Palm of Gods hand. The earliest use of the name Palm Springs is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps, other early names were Palmetto Spring and Big Palm Springs. The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, fourteen years later, the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles to the north, isolating the station. By 1885, when San Francisco attorney John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs, the area was named Palm Valley when McCallum incorporated the Palm Valley Land and Water Company with partners O. C. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish a hotel across the street from his residence, the crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought caused further damage. The city became a resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however, the population dropped markedly in the summer months, Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U. S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks, and Fanny Stevenson, widow of Robert Louis Stevenson, still, Murrays hotel was closed in 1909, nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as a hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a force in the citys tourism industry until her death in 1950. James Wonders of the Colorado Desert was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chases Our Araby, Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun, which also served to promote the area
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
DePaul University
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DePaul University is a private university in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by the Vincentians in 1898, the university takes its name from the 17th-century French priest Saint Vincent de Paul, in 1998, it became the largest Catholic university by enrollment in the United States. Following in the footsteps of its founders, DePaul places special emphasis on recruiting first-generation students, DePauls two main campuses are located in Lincoln Park and the Loop. The Lincoln Park Campus is home to the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Science and Health and it also houses the School of Music, the Theatre School, and the John T. Richardson Library. The Loop campus houses the Colleges of Communication, Computing and Digital Media, and Law, as well as the School of Public Service and the School for New Learning. It is also home to the Kellstadt Graduate School of Business, the Loop campus also houses the Loop Library and the Rinn Law Library. The student body represents a wide array of religious, ethnic, DePauls intercollegiate athletic teams, known as the Blue Demons, compete in the Big East Conference. DePauls mens basketball team has made 18 NCAA tournament appearances and appeared in two Final Fours, originally named St. Vincents College, DePaul University was founded in 1898 by the Congregation of the Mission priests and brothers, known as the Vincentians. Followers of 17th-century French priest Saint Vincent de Paul, they founded the university to serve Roman Catholic children of immigrants, Student enrollment grew from 70 in 1898 to 200 in 1903 in what is now the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago. In response, the Vincentians re-chartered in 1907 as DePaul University, DePaul began admitting women in 1911 and awarded degrees to its first female graduates in 1912. It was one of the first Catholic universities to admit students in a co-educational setting. DePaul established the School of Music and the College of Commerce, in 1914, the College began offering courses in Chicagos Loop, the precursor of DePauls second primary campus. In 1915, the Illinois College of Law completed its affiliation with the university, although finances were rocky, the university continued to grow and build in the 1920s. In 1926, the university was first accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Universities, when DePaul’s first sports teams were formed in the early 1900s, the monogram D was selected for the uniforms. From this originated the nickname D-men which evolved into Demons, the color blue, which signifies loyalty and was chosen in 1901 by a vote of the student body, was added to the name to create the Blue Demons. By 1930 more than 5,000 students were enrolled in eight colleges, the Great Depression led to fluctuations in enrollment and tuition as well as cutbacks, including elimination of the football team in 1939. In 1938, the Department of Elementary Education was established, reportedly the one in the Midwest. With the entry of the United States into World War I in 1918, DePaul formed a unit of the US Army Reserve Officer Training Corps, DePaul also mobilized for World War II, offering its facilities for war training and free courses to train people for industry work
7.
Happy Days
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Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired first-run from January 15,1974, to September 24,1984, on ABC, with a total of 255 half-hour episodes spanning over eleven seasons. Created by Garry Marshall, the series presents a vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s United States. The series was produced by Miller-Milkis Productions and Henderson Productions in association with Paramount Television, Happy Days was one of the highest-rated shows of the 1970s. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber and Ralph Malph, in later seasons, other characters were introduced including Fonzies young cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. Each of the seasons of the series roughly tracks the eleven years from 1955 to 1965, inclusive. The show is the basis for the Happy Days musical touring the United States since 2008, the leather jacket worn by Winkler during the series was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for the permanent collection at the National Museum of American History. With season four, Al Molinaro was added as Al Delvecchio, Al Molinaro also played Als twin brother Father Anthony Delvecchio, a Catholic priest. Al eventually married Chachis mother and Father Delvecchio served in the wedding of Joanie to Chachi in the series finale, the most major character changes occurred after season five with the addition of Scott Baio as Fonzies cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola. Originally, the character Spike was supposed to be the character who became Chachi, after Ron Howard left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips, the new physical education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie, both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during season ten after several series regulars left the show. The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. Billy Warlock joined the cast in season 10 as Rogers brother Flip and they were intended as replacements for Erin Moran and Scott Baio and were credited as part of the semi-regular cast. Both characters left with the return of Moran and Baio, following the cancellation of Joanie Loves Chachi, Al Molinaro also left Happy Days in season 10 for Joanie Loves Chachi. Pat Morita then returned to the cast as Arnold in his absence, in season 11, the story line of Richie and Lori Beth is given closure with the two-part episode Welcome Home. Richie returns home from the Army, but barely has time to unpack when he learns that his parents have lined up a job interview at the Milwaukee Journal for him. However, they are taken aback when he tells them he prefers to take his chances in California to become a Hollywood screenwriter. They remind him of his responsibilities and while Richie gives in, he becomes angry and discontent, after a confrontation that ends with a conversation with Fonzie, he decides to face his family and declare his intentions. While somewhat reluctant at first, they support him and bid Richie, Lori Beth, Richie Cunningham – The protagonist for the first seven years of the series
8.
Murder, She Wrote
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Murder, She Wrote is an American crime drama television series starring Angela Lansbury as mystery writer and amateur detective Jessica Fletcher. The series aired for 12 seasons with 264 episodes from 1984 to 1996 on the CBS network and it was followed by four TV films and an unsuccessful spin-off series, which was produced in 1987, The Law & Harry McGraw. In syndication, the series is highly successful throughout the world. Lansbury was nominated for ten Golden Globes and 12 Emmy Awards for her work on Murder, the series received three nominations but no wins in the Outstanding Drama Series category at the Emmys. It was nominated for a Golden Globe in the same six times. After the series finished in 1996, four TV movies were released between 1997 and 2003, in 2009, a point-and-click video game was released for the PC platform, followed in 2012 by a sequel. A spin-off book series, written by Donald Bain, continues publication at present, earlier, she had acted in two film adaptations of Agatha Christies mystery novels, as Salome Otterbourne in Death on the Nile and as the famous sleuth Miss Marple in The Mirror Crackd. With Murder, She Wrote debuting on Sunday, September 30,1984 and it also made Lansbury, known previously for her motion picture and Broadway stage work, a household name for millions of television viewers. The title comes from Murder, She Said, which was the title of a 1961 film adaptation of Agatha Christies Miss Marple novel 4,50 from Paddington. The show revolves around the life of Jessica Fletcher, a childless. Despite fame and fortune, Jessica remains a resident of Cabot Cove, a coastal community in Maine. Exterior shots of Cabot Cove were filmed in Mendocino, California, the show mostly starts with a preview of the episodes events, with Jessica stating, Tonight On Murder, She Wrote. Jessica invariably proves more perceptive than the official investigators of a case, by carefully piecing the clues together and asking astute questions, she always manages to trap the real murderer. Murder occurred with regularity in her vicinity that the term Cabot Cove syndrome was coined to describe the constant appearance of dead bodies in remote locations. Jessicas relationship with law enforcement officials varies from place to place, both sheriffs of Cabot Cove resign themselves to having her meddle in their cases. However, most detectives and police officers do not want her anywhere near their crime scenes, some are happy to have her assistance from the start, often because they are fans of her books. With time, she makes friends in many departments across the U. S. as well as with a British police officer attached to Scotland Yard. At the start of eight, more of the stories were set in New York City with Jessica moving into an apartment there part-time in order to teach criminology
9.
Father Dowling Mysteries
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Father Dowling Mysteries is an American television mystery series that aired from January 20,1989 to May 2,1991. Prior to the series, a TV movie aired on November 30,1987, for its first season, the show was on NBC, it moved to ABC for its last two seasons. The series was developed for television by Dean Hargrove and Joel Steiger, moses, Craig Richard Nelson, Leslie Nielsen, Ethan Phillips, John Slattery, Brenda Strong, Robin Thomas, Sada Thompson, Tony Todd, John Vernon, Kate Vernon, Robert Walden and David Warner. After its first season, NBC cancelled the show and it was picked up by ABC and aired for two more seasons. In total, Father Dowling Mysteries comprises a 2-hour TV movie plus 43 one-hour episodes, executive Producers Fred Silverman and Dean Hargrove. Executive in Charge of Production Mike Moder, the pilot was a two-hour TV movie entitled Fatal Confession, which originally aired on NBC on November 30,1987. For TV, the nun changed her name, became streetwise, lost many years of age, Father Prestwick did not appear in the pilot. The first episode of the series, The Missing Body Mystery, has him brought in to evaluate Father Dowlings parish, from the start of Season 2 he becomes one of the regular cast. The show was due to begin in 1988, but because of a strike it did not begin to air weekly until January 1989. For the first season, on NBC, the episodes were written by Supervising Producer Robert Hamilton. But Hamilton was dropped when NBC cancelled the show after just eight episodes. One problem with Season 1 was that it included two-part stories, another problem was that, although supposedly a mystery series, often the killers identity was not kept hidden from the audience. The theme music for the series was composed by Dick De Benedictis. The show courted controversy with viewers in its season, which led to a second. Father Francis Dowling is a Catholic priest who continually stumbles over murders, abductions and other felonies in his parish in Chicago, because of the Chicago connection, many of the cases are mob-related. The name Francis is revealed in the episode The Movie Mystery, hes assisted by Sister Stephanie Oskowski, who does much of the legwork in the investigations. Sister Steve is a nun, who grew up in a rough housing project in the diocese, so can hotwire a car. She knows the language of the streets and converses fluently in it and she is much younger than Frank, and looks up to him as the father she never had, while he treats her as though shes his daughter
10.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
11.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
12.
Pulitzer Prize
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The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
13.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
14.
Fiorello!
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Fiorello. is a musical about New York City mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia, a reform Republican who took on the Tammany Hall political machine. The book is by Jerome Weidman and George Abbott, drawn substantially from the 1955 volume Life With Fiorello by Ernest Cuneo, with lyrics by Sheldon Harnick and it is one of only nine musicals to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Opened on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre on November 23,1959, moved to The Broadway Theatre on May 9,1961 and it was directed by George Abbott, with choreography by Peter Gennaro. Tom Bosley originated the role opposite Howard Da Silva as the Republican machine boss Ben Marino. The cast featured Ellen Hanley as Thea, Pat Stanley as Dora, Patricia Wilson as Marie, Nathaniel Frey as Morris, the 1962 production opened at the New York City Center on June 13, and closed after 16 performances, on June 24,1962. The cast included Sorrell Booke, Art Lund, Lola Fisher, Dody Goodman, Barbara Williams, Paul Lipson, Richard France, Dort Clark, one of the singing ensemble included Rosalind Cash. A staged concert production of Fiorello. was performed at the first Encores. at the New York City Center concert series in February 1994. Directed by Walter Bobbie, the cast featured Jerry Zaks as LaGuardia, Philip Bosco as Ben Marino, Faith Prince as Marie, and Elizabeth Futral as Thea. To celebrate the 20th season of the series, Fiorello. was presented by the New York City Center Encores. as a concert in January 2013. With direction by Gary Griffin and choreography by Alex Sanchez, the cast starred Danny Rutigliano as La Guardia, Shuler Hensley as Marino, Erin Dilly as Marie, the production included a new Bock/Harnick song during Act II, as part of The Names La Guardia reprise. The Berkshire Theatre Group production of Fiorello. is expected to open Off-Broadway at the East 13th Street Theater on September 4,2016, the BTG production ran at The Unicorn Theatre in Stockbridge, Massachusetts in June and July 2016. The story follows the life of Fiorello H, La Guardia during World War I and ten years later. As Mayor of New York City La Guardia reforms city politics by helping end Tammany Halls vaunted political machine, Act I Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia is reading the comics over the radio because there is a newspaper strike. As he does so, the changes to 1915 and the law office where clients are eagerly waiting to speak to LaGuardia. His law clerks assure the crowd that he will help one and all, Fiorellos secretary Marie and her friend Dora discuss a crisis. Thea Almerigatti, the leader of the women shirtwaist strikers, has been arrested, LaGuardia promises to help the strikers. As the district leader Ben and his political buddies play poker and they want to beat the corrupt machine of Tammany Hall. While helping the women strikers, Fiorello asks Marie to dinner and she asks Fiorello to dinner to plan strategy, and he breaks his date with Marie
15.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
16.
American Jews
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American Jews, also known as Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, either by religion, ethnicity, or nationality. The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews and their US-born descendants, Minority Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a smaller percentage of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, depending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States is home to the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world. In 2012, the American Jewish population was estimated at between 5.5 and 8 million, depending on the definition of the term and this constitutes between 1. 7% and 2. 6% of the total U. S. population. Jews have been present in what is today the United States of America since the mid-17th century, however, they were small in number, with at most 200 to 300 having arrived by 1700. The majority were Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese ancestry, until after 1720 when Ashkenazi Jews from Central, after passage of the Plantation Act of 1740, Jews were specifically permitted to become British citizens and immigrate to the colonies. Until about 1830, Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America and they primarily became merchants and shop-owners. Jewish migration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, as a result of persecution, many Jews also emigrated from Romania. Over 2,000,000 Jews landed between the late 19th century and 1924, when the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration, most settled in the New York metropolitan area, establishing the worlds major concentrations of Jewish population. In 1915 the circulation of the daily Yiddish newspapers was half a million in New York City alone, in addition thousands more subscribed to the numerous weekly papers and the many magazines. American Jewish writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture,500,000 American Jews fought in World War II, and after the war younger families joined the new trend of suburbanization. There, Jews became increasingly assimilated and demonstrated rising intermarriage, more recent waves of Jewish emigration from Russia and other regions have largely joined the mainstream American Jewish community. Americans of Jewish descent have been successful in many fields. Scholars debate whether the historical experience for Jews in the United States has been such a unique experience as to validate American exceptionalism. Korelitz shows how American Jews during the late 19th and early 20th centuries abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition to a cultural or ethnic one can be found in the ‘’Menorah Journal’’ between 1915 and 1925, siporin uses the family folklore of ethnic Jews to their collective history and its transformation into an historical art form. They tell us how Jews have survived being uprooted and transformed, many immigrant narratives bear a theme of the arbitrary nature of fate and the reduced state of immigrants in a new culture. By contrast, ethnic family narratives tend to show the more in charge of his life
17.
Lake View High School (Chicago)
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Lake View High School is a public four-year high school located in the Lake View neighborhood on the north side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Lake View is a part of the Chicago Public Schools district, while the current building opened in 1886, the school itself opened in 1874, dating to a time when the Lake View community was not a part of the city of Chicago. Lake View became a part of Chicago in 1889, the school is the oldest operating public secondary school in the state of Illinois. Parts of the film My Bodyguard were filmed at Lake View High School, Lake View High School earned a bronze medal in the U. S. News/School Matters Best High School rankings. The school offers approximately 20 clubs and activities for students, among those which are chapters or branches of nationally notable organizations are National Honor Society and Key Club. Lake View competes in the Chicago Public League, and is a member of the Illinois High School Association, teams are stylized as the Wildcats. The boys track & field team finished second at the first IHSA State Meet in 1892–93, k-8 schools which feed into Lake View include Audubon, Bell, Blaine, Burley, Greeley, Hamilton, Jahn, Nettelhorst, and Schneider
18.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
19.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
20.
Our Town
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Our Town is a 1938 metatheatrical three-act play by American playwright Thornton Wilder. It tells the story of the fictional American small town of Grovers Corners between 1901 and 1913 through the lives of its citizens. Throughout, Wilder uses metatheatrical devices, setting the play in the theatre where it is being performed. The main character is the manager of the theatre who directly addresses the audience, brings in guest lecturers, fields questions from the audience. The play is performed without a set on a bare stage. With a few exceptions, the actors mime actions without the use of props and our Town was first performed at McCarter Theatre in Princeton, New Jersey in 1938. It later went on to success on Broadway and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and it remains popular today and revivals are frequent. The Stage Manager introduces the audience to the town of Grovers Corners, New Hampshire. Professor Willard speaks to the audience about the history of the town, Joe Crowell delivers the paper to Doc Gibbs, Howie Newsome delivers the milk, and the Webb and Gibbs households send their children off to school on this beautifully simple morning. Three years have passed, and George and Emily prepare to wed, the day is filled with stress. Howie Newsome is delivering milk in the rain while Si Crowell, younger brother of Joe. George pays a visit to his soon-to-be in-laws. Here, the Stage Manager interrupts the scene and takes the back a year, to the end of Emily. Emily confronts George about his pride, and over an ice cream soda, they discuss the future, George resolves not to go to college, as he had planned, but to work and eventually take over his uncles farm. In the present, George and Emily say that they are not ready to marry—George to his mother, Gibbs, Wally Webb, Mrs. Soames, and Simon Stimson. Town undertaker Joe Stoddard is introduced, as is a man named Sam Craig who has returned to Grovers Corners for his cousins funeral. That cousin is Emily, who died giving birth to her, once the funeral ends, Emily emerges to join the dead, Mrs. Gibbs urges her to forget her life, but she refuses. Ignoring the warnings of Simon, Mrs. Soames, and Mrs. Gibbs, Emily returns to Earth to relive one day, the memory proves too painful for her, and she realizes that every moment of life should be treasured
21.
Woodstock Opera House
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The Woodstock Opera House is a historical venue for performing arts and receptions located in Woodstock, Illinois. It was built in 1889 and designed as a facility with space for city administration offices as well as police. The building was planned by architect Smith Hoag and built by contractor Simon Brink for a cost of $25,000, today, the City of Woodstock still owns the building, but the building is used exclusively as a performance space. Perhaps the most notable performer to grace the stage was Orson Welles, the Opera House was built in 1889 to house the library, council room, justice court, fire department and second floor auditorium for the City of Woodstock. The Patti Rosa Company provided the performance of Margery Daw on Thursday. The Opera House became McHenry County’s center for entertainment hosting touring vaudeville, minstrel, when the traveling circuits disappeared in the early 20th century, the Opera House became the site for the Chicago-area’s first, however short-lived, summer stock theatre. Presented by the Todd School for Boys, The Todd Theatre Festival of 1934 was a summer festival organized by Orson Welles. Three plays were presented — Trilby, Hamlet and Tsar Paul — featuring Welles, Hilton Edwards and Micheál MacLiammóir of Dublins Gate Theatre, Louise Prussing, Charles ONeal and Constance Heron. The stage of the Woodstock Opera House was dedicated to Welles in 2013, in 1947, a group of citizens formed and supported the Woodstock Players. For several years the Players, provided acting experience for graduation from the Goodman School. Now-famous personalities Paul Newman, Tom Bosley, Betsy Palmer, Geraldine Page, Shelley Berman, in 1968, the Town Square Players was established. They were incorporated as a organization in 1973. In 1974, the Woodstock Musical Theatre Company was founded and made the Opera House their home, both companies still perform regular seasons at the Opera House every year. Erected in 1889, the Opera House was designed and constructed by Elgin-based architect Smith Hoag at a cost of $25,000, the construction materials are mostly of local origin including limestone, terra cotta, fieldstone, white brick, and sandstone. Its architectural style is a mixture of late Victorian-era tastes combined with Early American, Midwestern, Gothic, the interior is modeled after the showboats of the time, with dimensions and decorations that imitate many of those grand floating theatres. In 1960, the Junior Civic Arts League invested time and effort to battle the increasing deterioration of the auditorium, the Woodstock Fine Arts Association was formed in 1961 with the purpose of restoring the Opera House through the next decade. In 1972, the Opera House was declared a landmark by the city, the Opera House was later closed for two years of restoration work. It reopened in February 1977 and was renamed the Woodstock Opera House Community Center, additional restoration projects were finished over the next two decades and the Opera House was considered fully restored with the final addition of the front Portico in 1999
22.
Woodstock, Illinois
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Woodstock is a city in and the county seat of McHenry County, Illinois, United States, located 51 miles northwest of Chicago. The population was 25,528 at the start of 2017, the citys downtown includes a historic, turn-of-the-century town square, which is anchored by the landmark Woodstock Opera House and the Old McHenry County Courthouse. The city was named one of the nations Dozen Distinctive Destinations in 2007 by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Centerville, as Woodstock was originally called, was chosen as the county seat on September 4,1843, due to its location at the geographic center of McHenry County. Early area settler Alvin Judd developed a plat for the town, incorporating a public square, near which a 2-story frame courthouse. In 1845, resident Joel Johnson proposed that Centerville be given an original name. In 1852, Woodstock was incorporated as a village with Judd as president, in response to a burgeoning population following the Civil War, Woodstock was incorporated as a city in 1873. John S. Wheat was elected as Woodstocks first mayor, a vital artery for the growing town was the train line to and from Chicago, which allowed for a substantial industrial presence early in the towns history. Debs served out a federal prison sentence in the Woodstock Jail following the 1894 Pullman labor strike in Chicago. Debs was instead assigned to a cell in the newly constructed Woodstock Jail, during his time in jail, Debs received several influential socialist visitors and encountered the works of Karl Marx. He is said to have considered the Woodstock Jail one of the greatest school, by the time he was released in November 1895, Debs had become a socialist and a national celebrity. He later ran for the United States Presidency five times between 1900 and 1920 as the candidate for the newly formed Social Democratic Party, during the early part of the 20th century, Woodstock had become Typewriter City. Home to the factories of both the Emerson Typewriter Company and the Oliver Typewriter Company, Woodstock workers had more than half the worlds typewriters by 1922. The companies were very much a part of life in the city during this time, both factories had active social clubs, baseball teams that competed against one another, and Emerson even had a well-regarded band that played at public events. In 1919, Emerson Typewriter became the Woodstock Typewriter Company, the city grew and flourished with increasing demand for Woodstock typewriters up through and after World War II. The factory was in use until 1970, and has since converted into lofts. Woodstock had an important role in the development of Orson Welles. In 1926 at age 10, in the midst of a chaotic upbringing and his five-year stay there was his only education, but the town and school made an impression on the young Welles
23.
Paul Newman
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Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor. Newmans other films include The Hustler, Cool Hand Luke, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as Butch Cassidy, The Sting, and The Verdict. Despite being colorblind, Newman won several championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing. He was a co-founder of Newmans Own, a company from which he donated all post-tax profits. As of 2016, these donations have totaled over US$460 million and he was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network, a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need. In 1988, Newman founded the SeriousFun Childrens Network, a family of summer camps. Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the son of Theresa and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Newmans father was Jewish, and was the son of Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, immigrants from Hungary, Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying its more of a challenge. Newmans mother worked in his fathers store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur. Newman showed an early interest in the theater, his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. At age 10, Newman performed at the Cleveland Play House in a production of Saint George and the Dragon, graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater, initially, he enrolled in the Navy V-12 pilot training program at Yale University, but was dropped when his colorblindness was discovered. Boot camp followed, with training as a radioman and rear gunner, qualifying in torpedo bombers in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barbers Point, Hawaii. He later flew as a gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, his unit was assigned to the USS Bunker Hill along with other replacements shortly before the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, the pilot of his aircraft had an ear infection which kept their plane grounded. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill, days later, a kamikaze attack on the vessel killed a number of service members, including the other members of his unit. After the war, Newman completed his Bachelor of Arts in drama and economics at Kenyon College in Gambier, shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois. He toured with them for three months and developed his talents as a part of Woodstock Players and he later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year, before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio
24.
Hallmark Hall of Fame
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Hallmark Hall of Fame is an anthology program on American television, sponsored by Hallmark Cards, a Kansas City-based greeting card company. The longest-running primetime series in the history of television, it has a long run, beginning in 1951. From 1954 onward, all of its productions have been broadcast in color and it holds a place in television history as one of the first video productions to telecast in color, a rarity in the 1950s. The series has received eighty Emmy Awards, twenty-four Christopher Awards, eleven Peabody Awards, nine Golden Globes, once a common practice in American television, it is the last remaining television program where the title includes the name of its sponsor. Unlike other long-running TV series still on the air, it differs in that it only occasionally. The Hallmark Playhouse changed to more serious literature from all genres and it was the first time a major corporation developed a television project specifically as a means of promoting its products to the viewing public. The program was such a success that it was restaged by Hallmark several times during a period of fifteen years, amahl was also staged by other NBC television anthologies. Early productions included some of the works of Shakespeare, Hamlet, Richard II, The Taming of the Shrew, Macbeth, Twelfth Night. Biographical subjects were very eclectic, ranging from Florence Nightingale to Father Flanagan to Joan of Arc, in a few cases, the actors repeated their original Broadway roles. Two different productions of Hamlet have been broadcast on the Hallmark Hall of Fame, one featuring Maurice Evans, neither one was more than two hours long. Evans and actress Judith Anderson performed their famous stage Macbeth on the Hallmark Hall of Fame on two occasions, each time with a different supporting cast. It may have set a record for the most-nominated Shakespeare production to ever be televised and it was left to National Educational Television and Public Broadcasting Service to be the pioneers in presenting nearly complete Shakespeare productions on American television. As a result of Foote, Cone, and Belding Advertising executive, a Tale of Two Cities was the first Hallmark production to run three hours. The late 1980s featured productions such as Foxfire, My Name is Bill W. Sarah, Plain and Tall, to Dance With the White Dog, The Piano Lesson, and What the Deaf Man Heard. One installment, Promise, featuring James Garner and James Woods, won five Emmys, through the 1980s and 1990s, Hallmark Hall of Fame movies often had twice the budget of other network movies. Hallmark movies also ran approximately 10–15 minutes longer because Hallmark Cards fully sponsored the movies and had commercial breaks. Unlike most network movies of the period, Hallmark always filmed on location, for nearly three decades the series was broadcast by NBC, but the network cancelled it in late 1978 due to declining ratings. Since then, the series has been televised by CBS from 1979 to 1989, then on ABC from 1989 to 1995, then CBS again from 1995 until 2011, when that network cancelled the series due to low ratings
25.
Eva Le Gallienne
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Eva Le Gallienne was a British-born American stage actress, producer, director, translator, and author. A broadway star by age 21, Le Gallienne consciously ended her work on Broadway to devote herself to founding the Civic Repertory Theater, noted for her boldness and idealism, she became a pioneering figure in the American Repertory Movement, which enabled todays Off-Broadway. A versatile and eloquent actress herself, Le Gallienne also became a stage coach, director. Ms. Le Gallienne consciously devoted herself to the Art of the Theatre as opposed to the Show Business of Broadway and she ran the Civic Repertory Theatre Company for 10 years, producing 37 plays during that time. Le Gallienne was born in London to an English poet of French descent, Richard Le Gallienne, after Evas parents separated when she was four years old, she and her mother moved to Paris, where she spent her childhood shuttling back and forth between there and Britain. While in Paris, she was taken backstage to meet Sarah Bernhardt and she made her stage debut at the age of 15 with a walk-on role in a 1914 production of Maurice Maeterlincks Monna Vanna, then spent several months in a drama school. She left to perform in a comedy as a cockney servant. She then spent a season performing on the road and in summer stock, Le Gallienne consciously devoted herself to the Art of the Theatre as opposed to the Show Business of Broadway, and was a pioneer in the emerging American Repertory Theater. As head of the Civic Repertory Theatre, she rejected the admission of Bette Davis, whose attitude she described as insincere, the Civic Rep disbanded at the height of the Depression in 1934, having mounted 34 productions. Le Gallienne was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1986, Le Gallienne never hid her lesbianism inside the acting community, but reportedly was never comfortable with her sexuality, struggling privately with it. She reportedly briefly considered arranging for a front marriage with actor Basil Rathbone. In 1918, while in Hollywood, she began an affair with the great actress Alla Nazimova, who was at her height of fame, the affair ended reportedly due to Nazimovas jealousy. Nonetheless, Nazimova liked Le Gallienne greatly, and assisted in her being introduced to influential people of the day. It was Nazimova who coined the phrase sewing circles, to describe the intricate, Le Gallienne was also involved for some time with actresses Tallulah Bankhead, Beatrice Lillie and Laurette Taylor during that time. In 1920, she became involved with poet, novelist and playwright Mercedes de Acosta about whom she was passionate for several years and she and de Acosta began their romance shortly after de Acostas marriage to Abram Poole which strained their relationship. Still, they vacationed and travelled together often, at times visiting the salon of famed writer, de Acosta wrote two plays for Le Gallienne during that time, Sandro Botticelli and Jehanne de Arc. They ended their relationship after five years, in 1960, when de Acosta was seriously ill with a brain tumour and in need of money, she published her memoir, Here Lies the Heart. The reviews were positive and many close friends praised the book, Le Gallienne was furious, denouncing de Acosta as a liar and claiming she invented the stories for fame
26.
Fiorello H. La Guardia
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Fiorello Henry La Guardia was an American politician. He is best known for being the 99th Mayor of New York City for three terms from 1934 to 1945 as a Republican, previously he had been elected to Congress in 1916 and 1918, and again from 1922 through 1930. Irascible, energetic, and charismatic, he craved publicity and is acclaimed as one of the greatest mayors in American history, only five feet, two inches tall, he was called the Little Flower. La Guardia, a Republican who appealed across party lines, was popular in New York during the 1930s. As a New Dealer, he supported President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, La Guardia revitalized New York City and restored public faith in City Hall. La Guardia was a leader who verged on authoritarianism but whose reform politics were carefully tailored to address the sentiments of his diverse constituency. He succeeded with the support of a sympathetic president and he secured his place in history as a tough-minded reform mayor who helped clean out corruption, bring in gifted experts, and fix upon the city a broad sense of responsibility for its own citizens. His administration engaged new groups that had kept out of the political system, gave New York its modern infrastructure. La Guardia was born in Greenwich Village in New York City and it was in Trieste that Achille La Guardia met and married Irene. Fiorello La Guardia was raised an Episcopalian and practiced that religion all his life and his middle name Enrico was anglicized to Henry when he was a child. He moved to Arizona with his family, where his father had a position at Fort Whipple in the U. S. Army. La Guardia attended public schools and high school in Prescott, Arizona, after his father was discharged from his bandmaster position in 1898, Fiorello lived in Trieste. He graduated from the Dwight School, a school on the Upper West Side of New York City. La Guardia joined the State Department and served in U. S. consulates in Budapest, Trieste and he returned to the United States to continue his education at New York University. From 1907 to 1910, he worked as an interpreter for the U. S. Bureau of Immigration at the Ellis Island immigration station. He graduated from New York University School of Law in 1910, was admitted to the bar the same year and his first wife was Thea Almerigotti, an Istrian immigrant, whom he married on March 8,1919. In June 1920 they had a daughter, Fioretta Thea, who died May 9,1921 and his first wife died of tuberculosis on November 29,1921, at the age of 26. In 1929 he married Marie Fisher who had been his secretary while in Congress, La Guardia became Deputy Attorney General of New York in January 1915
27.
Beauty and the Beast (musical)
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Beauty and the Beast is a musical with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, and book by Linda Woolverton. To revert back into his human form, the Beast must first earn the love of a bright. All eight songs from the film were reused in the musical. Original songwriter Menken composed six new songs for the production alongside lyricist Rice, Woolverton, who had written the films screenplay, adapted her own work into the musicals libretto, and specifically expanded upon the characterization of the Beast. Woolverton also expanded the storylines of the staff from servants who had already been transformed into household objects into humans who were gradually turning into inanimate objects. After completing tryouts in Houston, Beauty and the Beast premiered on Broadway on April 18,1994, starring Susan Egan and Terrence Mann as the eponymous Belle and Beast, respectively. The musical opened to mixed reviews from critics, but was a massive commercial success. Beauty ran on Broadway for 5,461 performances between 1994 and 2007, becoming Broadways tenth longest-running production in history, the musical has grossed more than $1.4 billion worldwide and played in thirteen countries and 115 cities. It has also become a choice for high school productions. The Walt Disney Company CEO Michael Eisner was hired to ensure the performance of the next animated projects. Eisner himself had been a major in college. Eager to redeem himself, Ashman agreed to work on Disneys animated film The Little Mermaid, upon release, The Little Mermaid was a massive critical and commercial success, garnering two Academy Awards, both of them for Ashman and Menkens original music. Disney established a successful period, during which Ashman and Menken became responsible for teaching the art of transforming traditional animated films into animated musicals. Before the film had even completed, executive vice president Ron Logan suggested to Eisner that he consider adapting Beauty and the Beast for Broadway. Beauty and the Beast became the last project on which Menken worked with Ashman, once again, Academy Awards were won for Ashman and Menkens music. Several critics noticed the films live musical potential, among them prolific New York Times theatre critic Frank Rich. Lamenting the Broadway selection at the time, Rich famously praised the duo for having written The best Broadway musical score of 1991. Than anything he had seen on Broadway in 1991, richs review would ultimately provide Eisner and Katzenberg with the confidence needed to seriously consider the film as a potential Broadway project
28.
Show Boat
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Show Boat is a 1927 musical in two acts, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. Its themes include racial prejudice and tragic, enduring love, the musical contributed such classic songs as Ol Man River, Make Believe and Cant Help Lovin Dat Man. The premiere of Show Boat on Broadway was a moment in the history of American musical theatre. According to The Complete Book of Light Opera, Here we come to a new genre – the musical play as distinguished from musical comedy. The play was the thing, and everything else was subservient to that play, came complete integration of song, humor and production numbers into a single and inextricable artistic entity. The quality of the musical was recognized immediately by the critics, awards for Broadway shows did not exist in 1927 when the original production of the show premiered, nor in 1932, when its first revival was staged. Late 20th-century revivals of Show Boat have won both the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical and the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival, in a few weeks, she gained what she called a treasure trove of show-boat material, human, touching, true. Jerome Kern was impressed by the novel and, hoping to adapt it as a musical, Woollcott introduced them that evening during the intermission of Kerns latest musical, Criss Cross. Impatient with Kern and Hammerstein and worried about their keeping too serious tone, Ziegfeld decided to open his theatre in February 1927 with Rio Rita, when Rio Rita proved to be a success, Show Boats Broadway opening was delayed until Rita could be moved to another theatre. Note, Although the basic plot of Show Boat has always remained the same, over the years revisions and alterations were made by the creators, and over time by subsequent producers and directors. Some of these revisions were for length and some for convenience, some have been made to reflect contemporary sensitivities toward race, gender and other social issues. Act I In 1887, the show boat Cotton Blossom arrives at the dock in Natchez. The Reconstruction era had ended an earlier, and white-dominated Southern legislatures have imposed racial segregation. The boats owner, Capn Andy Hawks, introduces his actors to the crowd on the levee, Steve knocks Pete down, and Pete swears revenge, suggesting he knows a dark secret about Julie. Capn Andy pretends to the crowd that the fight was a preview of one of the melodramas to be performed. The troupe exits with the band, and the crowd follows. A handsome riverboat gambler, Gaylord Ravenal, appears on the levee and is taken with eighteen-year-old Magnolia Hawks, an aspiring performer, Magnolia is likewise smitten with Ravenal. She seeks advice from Joe, a dock worker aboard the boat, who has returned from buying flour for his wife Queenie
29.
Natalie Wood
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Natalie Wood was an American film and television actress. She was known for her roles in Miracle on 34th Street, Splendor in the Grass, Rebel Without a Cause, The Searchers. She first worked in films as a child, then became a successful Hollywood star as a young adult, receiving three Academy Award nominations before she was 25 years old. Wood began acting in movies at the age of four and, as a teenager, her performance in Rebel Without a Cause earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She starred in the musical films West Side Story and Gypsy and her career continued with films such as Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice. After this, she took a break from acting and had two children with different husbands, appearing in three theatrical films during the 1970s. She was married to actor Robert Wagner twice, and to producer Richard Gregson and she had one daughter with Gregson, actress Natasha Gregson Wagner. Wood gave birth to Courtney Wagner during her marriage to Wagner. Her younger sister Lana Wood is also an actress, Wood starred in several television productions, including a remake of the film From Here to Eternity for which she won a Golden Globe Award. During her career, her films represented a coming of age for both her and Hollywood films in general, Natalie Wood was born Natalia Zakharenko in San Francisco, to Russian immigrant parents Maria Stepanovna and Nikolai Stepanovich Zakharenko. As an adult, she stated, Im very Russian, you know and she spoke both English and Russian with an American accent. Her father Nikolai Zakharenko was born in Vladivostok, as a child he immigrated with his mother and two brothers to Montreal, Quebec, and later to San Francisco. There, he worked as a day laborer and carpenter, Natalias mother was born in Barnaul, southern Siberia. Her father Stepan worked in a factory in Russia. He was killed in fighting between Red and White Russian soldiers in 1918 during the Russian Revolution. After Stepans death, Marias mother left the country with her children, Maria married in China and had a daughter, known as Olga Viripaeff, whom she brought into her household after her second marriage. Natalie liked to describe her family as having been either gypsies or landowning aristocrats in Russia, in her youth, her mother had dreamed of becoming an actress or ballet dancer. Natalie and her sisters were raised Russian Orthodox Christian and remained in the church, biographer Warren Harris writes that under the familys needy circumstances, her mother may have transferred those ambitions to her middle daughter, Natalia
30.
Love with the Proper Stranger
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Love with the Proper Stranger is a 1963 American romantic comedy drama film made by Pakula-Mulligan Productions and Boardwalk Productions and released by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Robert Mulligan and produced by Alan J. Pakula from a screenplay by Arnold Schulman, the film stars Natalie Wood, Steve McQueen, Edie Adams, Herschel Bernardi and Harvey Lembeck. The film also marked the debut of Tom Bosley and features a brief, uncredited appearance by the directors younger brother Richard Mulligan. The films title song, written by Elmer Bernstein and Johnny Mercer, was recorded by Jack Jones, the film tells the story of Angie Rossini, a salesclerk at Macys department store who finds herself pregnant after a one-night stand with musician Rocky Papasano. When she tracks him down, he doesnt remember her and she does not expect him to marry her, all she wants is enough money to pay for an abortion. Meanwhile, Angie is being pressured by her brothers, played by Herschel Bernardi and Harvey Lembeck. Rocky scrapes up money for the crude backroom abortion, but when he and Angie meet the abortionist, who turns out not to be a doctor, Rocky refuses to let her go through with the dangerous procedure. The maturity he shows in doing this brings them closer, after meeting her brothers, Rocky decides to take his medicine by marrying her. Angie wants a relationship, with bells and banjos. As an act of independence Angie moves out of the family home and she begins dating Anthony, who offers to marry her. By acting aloof she attracts Rocky, whom she invites to dinner, at dinner he makes advances on her and is rejected. Angie says she doesnt want to make the same mistake again and they quarrel and she throws him out. The next day, Rocky waits for her outside Macys, ringing bells and playing a banjo, the film was also nominated for two Golden Globes Awards for Steve McQueen and Natalie Wood in the Best Actor and Best Actress categories
31.
The World of Henry Orient
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The World of Henry Orient is a 1964 American comedy film based on the novel of the same name by Nora Johnson, who co-wrote the screenplay with her father, Nunnally Johnson. It was directed by George Roy Hill and stars Peter Sellers, Paula Prentiss, Angela Lansbury, Tippy Walker, Merrie Spaeth, Phyllis Thaxter, Bibi Osterwald and Tom Bosley. The original story was inspired in part by Johnsons own experiences as a schoolgirl, as well as by a real life incident involving singer Tony Bennett and two teenaged fans. Orients paranoia leads him to believe that the two girls, who seem to pop up everywhere he goes, are sent by his would-be mistresss husband. Vals parents return for Christmas, and Val becomes concerned that her mother Isabel is having an affair with a young pianist. Vals interference leads her mother to find and read Vals diary, Isabel chastises Val and seeks out Henry, ostensibly to tell him to stay away from her underage daughter. The cheating Isabel and the womanizing Henry are quickly attracted to other and begin an affair. Vals devastation and Isabels attempts to cover up her own behavior cause Frank to figure out what happened, Frank and Isabel separate, while the paranoid Henry flees the country. In the end, Val and Marian have matured and moved on from fantasy play to makeup, fashion and this was the first film appearance for both Tippy Walker and Merrie Spaeth. Filming started in June 1963 and wrapped that October, since the word levant means Orient in French, the name is a play on words. The World of Henry Orient is Spaeths only film appearance, as she shortly thereafter left acting, Walker, who was 16 at the time of filming, had worked as a model and was suggested to the films producer by a photographer. According to a 2012 article in The New Yorker by John Colapinto, Walker claimed that the resulting Hollywood gossip made others reluctant to cast her and contributed to her decision to stop acting in the early 1970s. The World of Henry Orient premiered at Radio City Music Hall on March 19,1964 and it was the official U. S. entry at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival. In 1965 it was nominated for the Golden Globe Award in the category Best Motion Picture, Musical or Comedy, the film was well-received by critics and has an 88% rating at Rotten Tomatoes. In his review for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote that it was one of the most joyous and it was voted one of the Years Ten Best Films by the National Board of Review in 1964. It starred Don Ameche as Henry Orient, Neva Small as Marian Gilbert, Robin Wilson as Valerie Boyd, Milo Bouton as Mr Boyd, Carol Bruce as Mrs. Boyd, pia Zadora also appeared in the role of a student. The show ran for 80 performances and closed on December 31,1967, in addition, Michael Bennett was nominated for a Tony for Best Choreography
32.
Divorce American Style
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Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke, Debbie Reynolds, Jean Simmons, Jason Robards and Van Johnson. Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman and it focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems, and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony. The title is an homage to Divorce Italian Style, after seventeen years of marriage, affluent Los Angeles suburban couple Richard Harmon and his wife Barbara seem to have it all, but theyre constantly bickering. When they discover they can no longer communicate, even to argue, but after catching each other emptying their joint bank accounts, they file for divorce. Richard finds himself living in an apartment and trying to survive on $87.30 a week. His take-home income has been cut to ribbons by high alimony, Richard meets a recently divorced man, Nelson Downes, who introduces him to ex-wife Nancy. Nelson wants to marry off Nancy to be free of his alimony burden, Nancy also wishes to marry because she is lonely. Since Richard now cannot afford to be remarried, Nelson and Nancy plot to set up Barbara with an auto dealer. Barbara begins a relationship with Big Al, but the night before the Harmon divorce becomes final, at a nightclub, a hypnotist pulls Barbara from the audience and puts her into a trance. After inducing her into performing a striptease, she instructs Barbara to kiss her true love. Barbara plants one on Richard, and just like that their problems are resolved. Nelson, not to be deterred, immediately tries to get Nancy interested in Big Al, the film earned an estimated $5,150,000 in North American rentals in 1967. The charm of this film is in its low-key approach, the plot isnt milked for humor or pathos, Both emerge naturally from familiar situations. Variety observed, Comedy and satire, not feverish melodrama, are the best weapons with which to harpoon social mores, an outstanding example is Divorce American Style. which pokes incisive, sometimes chilling, fun at US marriage-divorce problems. Crowther criticized Van Dykes performance, remarking that He is too much of a giggler, a more recent review in Time Out New York cites Two or three very funny scenes. And a first-rate batch of supporting performances, norman Lear and Robert Kaufman were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay but lost to William Rose for Guess Whos Coming to Dinner. Lear also was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Comedy, list of American films of 1967 Divorce American Style at the Internet Movie Database Divorce American Style at AllMovie Divorce American Style at the TCM Movie Database
33.
Yours, Mine and Ours (1968 film)
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Yours, Mine and Ours is a 1968 film, directed by Melville Shavelson and starring Lucille Ball, Henry Fonda and Van Johnson. Before its release, it had three working titles, The Beardsley Story, Full House, and His, Hers. The film was successful, and even the Beardsleys themselves appreciated it. Another film based on the screenplay was released in 2005 with Dennis Quaid and Rene Russo as Frank. Helen North is a nurse working in the dispensary at NAS Alameda. When each finally learns the secret, they initially resist their mutual attraction. But Chief Warrant Officer Darrell Harrison is determined to bring them together, so he fixes up each of them with a sure-to-be-incompatible blind date. Helens date is an obstetrician who stands a head shorter than she, Franks date is a hip girl who is not only young enough to be his daughter. As the final touch, Harrison makes sure that both take place in the same Japanese restaurant. As Harrison fully expects, Frank and Helen end up leaving the restaurant together in his car, Frank and Helen continue to date regularly, and eventually he invites her to dinner in his home. This nearly turns disastrous when Mike, Rusty, and Greg, as a result, Helens behavior turns wild and embarrassing, which Frank cannot comprehend until he catches his sons trying to conceal their laughter. The court of inquiry is now in session and he declares, and gets the three to own up and apologize. After this, he announces his intention to marry Helen, adding, most of the children fight the union at first, regarding each other and their respective stepparents with suspicion. Eventually, however, the 18 children bond into one large blended family and this prompts Helen and Frank to discuss cross-adopting each others children, who are aghast at the notion of reburying their deceased biological parents. The subsequent birth of Joseph John Beardsley finally unites the children, the film ends with the eldest sibling, Mike Beardsley, going off to Camp Pendleton to begin his stint in the United States Marine Corps. Pauline Hague as Number Two, aka Mrs. Anderson and she lasts a week because she is hiding from the police. After a stint with the Beardsleys, she herself in. Marjorie Eaton as Number Three, aka Mrs. Ferguson, who says, Mrs. Anderson was last week, Im Mrs. Ferguson
34.
Gus (1976 film)
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Gus is a 1976 American family comedy film by Walt Disney Productions, directed by Vincent McEveety and starring Edward Asner, Don Knotts and Gary Grimes. Its center character is Gus, a football-playing mule, the film did well at the box office and was released on home video in 1981. The movie is remembered for two sequences involving a hotel and a supermarket, the film opens in Yugoslavia with the Petrovic family watching their son Stepjan winning a soccer game. Their other son Andy works on his farm, and cant play soccer at all, one day, Andy discovers Gus can kick a soccer ball long distances when Andy shouts, Oyage. Meanwhile in Los Angeles, the California Atoms are a football team owned by Hank Cooper. They are the worst team in the league and have not won a game in years, Cooper also owes a lot of money to two mobster bookmakers named Charles Gwynn and Cal Wilson. Desperate to draw in fans, Cooper looks for a half time show. His secretary, Debbie, sees a story in her parents Yugoslavian newspaper about Gus, Debbie flies to Yugoslavia and hires Gus and Andy. After Gus is a hit in his first halftime show, Cooper and Venner decide to put him in the game as a place kicker. The other team protests, but as the book does not require a player to be human, Cooper allow Gus to kick With Gus able to kick a field goal from anywhere in the field. The Atoms go on to win their next few games thanks to Gus, the only catch is that that Gus will only kick when Andy holds the ball and shouts the command. Debbie is assigned to watch over Andy and Gus, since she can speak Serbian, a romance begins between them, aided by Gus. Gwynn and Wilson, realizing their deal with Cooper is backfiring, through their schemes, Crankcase and Spinner cause the Atoms to lose two games. Despite the losses, the Atoms make the playoffs, Andy becomes a celebrity, but his parents remain unimpressed, saying he only holds the ball for Gus. Before the playoff game, Spinner convinces Andy that Debbie has been injured in a car accident, when Andy arrives at the hospital, Crankcase locks him up. Without Andy, Gus refuses to kick, and the Atoms fall behind, in the final quarter, Debbie dresses up in Andys uniform and convinces Gus to kick a field goal, scoring the winning points. Andy, who managed to escape, arrives after the game is over and he tells Debbie his father is right, Andy is nothing, and anyone can hold the ball for Gus. At the Super Bowl, Andy quickly realizes the mule he has is not Gus, when the two criminals watch the game on TV, Gus goes wild and escapes
35.
The Holocaust
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The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany, and the World War II collaborators with the Nazis. The victims included 1.5 million children, and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe, killings took place throughout German-occupied Europe, as well as within Nazi Germany, and across all territories controlled by its allies. Other victims of Nazi crimes included ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens and Soviet POWs, communists, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovahs Witnesses, some 42,500 detention facilities were utilized in the concentration of victims for the purpose of gross violations of human rights. Over 200,000 people are estimated to have been Holocaust perpetrators, the persecution was carried out in stages, culminating in the policy of extermination of European Jews termed the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. Following Hitlers rise to power, the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, starting in 1933 the Nazis began to establish a network of concentration camps. After the outbreak of war in 1939 both German and foreign Jews were herded into wartime ghettos, in 1941, as Germany began to conquer new territory in the East, all anti-Jewish measures radicalized. Specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen murdered around two million Jews in mass shootings actions in less than a year, by mid-1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. This continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945, the most notable exception was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly-armed Jewish fighters held the Waffen-SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20, 000–30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought against the Nazis, French Jews took part in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. Over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings took place, the term holocaust comes from the Greek adjective holókaustos, a variant of holókautos, referring to an animal sacrifice offered to a god in which the whole animal is completely burnt. Often used substantively in apposition with the noun thysia, the term appears in a fragment of pseudo-Callisthenes, writing in Latin, Jerome Latinized the Greek word as a neuter noun holocaustum, using it to translate references to the Jewish burnt offering in his translations of Exodus and Leviticus. In his Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi, Richard of Devizes, the English poet John Milton had used the word to denote a conflagration in his 1671 poem Samson Agonistes and the word gradually developed to mean a massacre thereon. The term was used in the 1950s by historians as a translation of the Jewish word shoah to refer specifically to the Nazi genocide of Jews, the television mini-series Holocaust is credited with introducing the term into common parlance after 1978. The biblical word shoah, meaning calamity became the standard Hebrew term for the Holocaust as early as the 1940s, especially in Europe and Israel. Shoah is preferred by some Jews for several reasons including the offensive nature of the word holocaust which they take to refer to the Greek pagan custom. The Nazis used the phrase Final Solution to the Jewish Question, all branches of Germanys bureaucracy were engaged in the logistics that led to the genocides, turning the Third Reich into what one Holocaust scholar, Michael Berenbaum, has called a genocidal state. Every arm of the countrys sophisticated bureaucracy was involved in the killing process, as prisoners entered the death camps, they were made to surrender all personal property, which was catalogued and tagged before being sent to Germany to be reused or recycled. Berenbaum writes that the Final Solution of the Jewish question was in the eyes of the perpetrators, through a concealed account, the German National Bank helped launder valuables stolen from the victims
36.
Paper Clips Project
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The Paper Clips Project, by middle school students from the small southeastern Tennessee town of Whitwell, created a monument for the Holocaust victims of Nazi Germany. It started in 1998 as a simple 8th-grade project to other cultures. At last count, over 30 million paper clips had been received, Paper Clips, an award-winning documentary film about the project, was released in 2004 by Miramax Films. David Smith and Sandra Roberts started a Holocaust education program and held the first class in the fall of 1998. Soon the students were overwhelmed with the scale of the Holocaust. Mrs. Hooper responded that they could if they could find something that related to the Holocaust or to World War II. The students decided to collect 6,000,000 paper clips to represent the estimated 6,000,000 Jews killed between 1939 and 1945 under the authority of the Nazi government of Adolf Hitler. At first the project went slowly, as it did not gain much publicity, students created a website and sent out letters to friends, family and celebrities. They published some articles as well as a book, Das Büroklammer-Projekt published in September 2000, the big break in the US came with an article in the Washington Post on April 7,2001, written by Dita Smith. Almost all observers note the location of the project. The small rural town of Whitwell has about 1,600 residents and, there was not a single Jew among the population of 425 students when the project began. Out of the 425 students that attend the school, there are only five African Americans, about 40 miles away is the Rhea County Courthouse, where, in 1925, a teacher was convicted for teaching evolution during the Scopes Monkey Trial. The trial upheld a statute which outlawed teaching any theory that denies the Divine Creation, a hundred miles from Whitwell, in Pulaski, Tennessee, the infamous Ku Klux Klan was reportedly born. The city is poor, as its main business, coal mining, started to decline after an accident 30 years ago. About half of the students at the middle school qualify for the lunch program. Paper clips were chosen in part because Norwegians wore them on their lapels as a symbol of resistance against Nazi occupation during World War II, the paper clips were sent by various people by mail, the letters came from about 20 different countries. Some celebrities, like George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Bill Cosby, Steven Spielberg, Tom Bosley, as of the summer of 2004, the school had collected about 24 million paper clips. As of 2005, more were coming in
37.
George W. Norris
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George William Norris was a U. S. politician from the state of Nebraska and a leader of progressive and liberal causes in Congress. Norris was defeated for reelection in 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt called him the very perfect, gentle knight of American progressive ideals, and this has been the theme of all of his biographers. A1957 advisory panel of 160 scholars recommended that Norris was the top choice for the five best Senators in U. S. history. Norris was born in 1861 in York Township, Sandusky County, Ohio and was the child of poor, uneducated, farmers of Scots-Irish. He graduated from Baldwin University and earned his LL. B. degree in 1883 at the law school of Valparaiso University and he moved to Beaver City, Nebraska to practice law. In 1889 he married Pluma Lashley, the couple had three daughters before her 1901 death, Norris then married Ellie Leonard in 1903, they had no children. Norris relocated to the town of McCook in 1900, where he became active in local politics. In 1902, running as a Republican, he was elected to the House of Representatives for Nebraskas 5th congressional district, a prominent insurgent after 1908, he led the revolt against Speaker Joseph G. Cannon in 1910. By a vote of 191 to 156, the House created a new system in which seniority would automatically move members ahead, in January 1911, he helped create the National Progressive Republican League and was its vice president. La Follette, Sr. for the 1912 presidential nomination but then switched to Roosevelt, however, he refused to bolt the convention and join Roosevelts Progressive Party. He instead ran for the Senate as a Republican, as a leading Progressive Republican, Norris supported the direct election of senators. He also promoted the conversion of all state legislatures to the unicameral system and this was implemented in 1934 only in the Nebraska Legislature, all other states have retained a two-house system. Norris supported some of President Woodrow Wilsons domestic programs but became a firm isolationist, in the face of enormous pressure from the media and the administration, Norris was one of only six senators to vote against the declaration of war on Germany in 1917. Looking at the war in Europe he said, Many instances of cruelty and inhumanity can be found on both sides, Norris believed that the government wanted to take part in this war only because the wealthy had already aided the British financially in the war. War brings prosperity to the gambler on Wall Street–to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be realized or enjoyed. He joined the irreconcilables who vehemently opposed and defeated the Treaty of Versailles, seniority brought him the chairmanship of the Agriculture and Forestry and the Judiciary committees. Norris was a leader of the Farm Bloc, advocated the rights of labor, sponsored the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and proposed to abolish the Electoral College. Norris twice succeeded in getting Congress to pass legislation for an electric power system based at Muscle Shoals
38.
Profiles in Courage (TV series)
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Profiles in Courage is an American historical anthology series that was telecast weekly on NBC from November 8,1964 to May 9,1965. The series was based on the Pulitzer Prize winning book, Profiles in Courage by President John F. Kennedy, seven of the eight Senators from Kennedys book were profiled, with the exception being Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar. Music for the opening and closing theme was orchestrated by Nelson Riddle, based on the Irish ballad, The Boys of Wexford, the series won two awards, a Peabody Award for Robert Saudek and a Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Television. Profiles in Courage at the Internet Movie Database Profiles in Courage at CTVA with episode list
39.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
40.
Patrick O'Neal (actor)
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Patrick Wisdom ONeal was an American television, stage and film actor and New York restaurateur. ONeal was born in Ocala, Florida, to Martha and Coke Wisdom ONeal and he attended the Riverside Military Academy in Gainesville, Georgia, and Ocala High School. Upon graduation, he enrolled at the University of Florida in Gainesville where he majored in drama, during college, ONeal joined the Florida Players, a theatre troupe. He was also a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity and was the editor of the University yearbook, after earning a bachelors degree, ONeal enlisted in the US Army Air Forces and served during the Korean War. During the war, he directed training films. After his military stint, he moved to New York and studied at the Actors Studio, ONeal was seen mostly as a guest star on US television throughout four decades, beginning in the 1950s. In the early 1960s he received praise for his leading role on Broadway in Tennessee Williams The Night of the Iguana. ONeal appeared in films of the mid-1960s. In 1969 he had a role in John Hustons The Kremlin Letter. He appeared in the 1973 hit The Way We Were, in 1972 he portrayed a murderous architect in the Columbo episode Blueprint For Murder. With his wife and his brother Michael, ONeal co-owned a number of restaurants, including the Ginger Man. ONeal married actress Cynthia Baxter in 1956 and they had two sons, Maximilian and Fitzjohn, and remained married until ONeals death. ONeal died on September 9,1994, of failure at Saint Vincents Catholic Medical Center in Manhattan. At the time of his death, ONeal was also suffering from cancer and tuberculosis. A. S
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James Whitmore
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James Allen Whitmore Jr. was an American film, theatre, and television actor. During his extensive career, Whitmore won a Tony, Grammy, Golden Globe, and an Emmy and he is one of only 20 performers to win three of the four EGOT honors. Born in White Plains, New York, to Florence Belle and James Allen Whitmore and he went on to study at Yale University, but he had to quit playing football after severely injuring his knees. After giving up football, he turned to the Yale Dramatic Society, while at Yale, he was a member of Skull and Bones, and was among the founders of the Yale radio station. Whitmore planned on becoming a lawyer and graduated with a major in government from Yale University, when World War II broke out, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserves while finishing his degree. He graduated from Yale University in 1944, then served in the United States Marine Corps in the South Pacific, after World War II, Whitmore studied acting at the American Theatre Wing and the Actors Studio in New York. At this time, Whitmore met his first wife Nancy Mygatt and they married in 1947, and the couple had three sons before their divorce in 1971. The eldest son, James III, found success as an actor and director under the name James Whitmore. The second son, Stephen, became the spokesman for the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department. The youngest son, Daniel, was a Forest Service Snow Ranger and firefighter before he launched his own construction company, in 1979, Whitmore and Mygatt remarried, but they divorced again after two years. Whitmore was married to actress Audra Lindley from 1972 until 1979 and he co-starred in several stage performances with her both during and after their marriage. These included Elba, William Gibson’s Handy Dandy, and Tom Cole’s About Time, in 2001, he married actress and author Noreen Nash. Whitmore is the grandfather of Survivor, Gabon contestant Matty Whitmore, in 2010, James Whitmore, Jr. and his two children, actress-director Aliah Whitmore and artist-production designer Jacob Whitmore, formed the theatre group Whitmore Eclectic. They perform in Los Angeles, California, in his later years, Whitmore spent his summers in Peterborough, New Hampshire, performing with the Peterborough Players. Although not always politically active, in 2007, Whitmore generated some publicity with his endorsement of Barack Obama for U. S. President. In January 2008, Whitmore appeared in commercials for the First Freedom First campaign. An avid flower and vegetable gardener, Whitmore was also known to TV viewers as the commercial pitchman for Miracle-Gro garden products. Following World War II, Whitmore appeared on Broadway in the role of the sergeant in Command Decision, metro-Goldwyn-Mayer gave Whitmore a contract, but his role in the film adaptation was played by Van Johnson
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