1.
Owensboro, Kentucky
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Owensboro is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Daviess County, Kentucky, United States. It is the fourth-largest city in the state by population and it is located on U. S. Route 60 about 107 miles southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506, evidence of American Indian settlement in the area dates back 12,000 years. Following a series of failed uprisings with British support, however, the first European descendant to settle in Owensboro was frontiersman William Smeathers or Smothers in 1797, for whom the riverfront park is named. The settlement was known as Yellow Banks from the color of the land beside the Ohio River. The Lewis and Clark Expedition wintered at what is todays Owensboro prior to departing on their famous travels, in 1817, Yellow Banks was formally established under the name Owensborough, named after Col. Abraham Owen. In 1893, the spelling of the name was shortened to its current Owensboro, in August 1864, Owensboro was subject to a raid by a band of Confederate guerrillas from Tennessee led by Captain Jack Bennett, an officer in Stovepipe Johnsons Partisan Rangers. Another major battle occurred 8 miles south of Owensboro and is signified by a monument marking the battle located beside US Highway 431. Several distillers, mainly of bourbon whiskey, have been in, the major distillery still in operation is the Glenmore Distillery Company, now owned by the Sazerac Company. On August 14,1936, downtown Owensboro was the site of the last public hanging in the United States, rainey Bethea was executed for the rape and murder of 70-year-old Lischa Edwards. The execution was presided over by a sheriff, Florence Shoemaker Thompson. The end of the Second World War brought civil engineering projects which helped turn Owensboro from an industrial town into a modern. The Owensboro Wagon Company, established in 1884, was one of the largest and most influential companies in the nation. With eight styles or sizes of wagons, the set the standard of quality at the turn of the 20th century. Frederick A. Ames came to Owensboro from Washington, Pennsylvania and he started the Carriage Woodstock Company to repair horse-drawn carriages. In 1910, he began to manufacture a line of automobiles under the Ames brand name, Ames hired industrialist Vincent Bendix in 1912, and the company became the Ames Motor Car Company. Despite its product being called the best $1500 car by a Texas car dealer, the company then began manufacturing replacement bodies for the more widely sold Ford Model T. In 1922, the company itself and started to manufacture furniture under the name Ames Corporation
2.
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
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Woodland Hills is a neighborhood bordering the Santa Monica Mountains in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. Woodland Hills is an affluent neighborhood in the region of the San Fernando Valley which is located east of Calabasas. On the north it is bordered by West Hills, Canoga Park, and Winnetka, some neighborhoods are in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. Running east–west through the community are U. S. Route 101 and Ventura Boulevard, the first Europeans to enter the San Fernando Valley were the Portola Expedition in 1769, exploring Alta California for Spanish missions and settlements locations. Seeing it from present-day Sepulveda Pass, the oak savanna inspired them to call the area El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de Los Encinos, the Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established in 1797 and controlled the Valleys land, including future Woodland Hills. Ownership of the half of the valley, south of present-day Roscoe Boulevard from Toluca Lake to Woodland Hills. Moses Sherman and others in 1910, victor Girard Kleinberger bought 2,886 acres in the area from Chandlers group and founded the town of Girard in 1922. He sought to attract residents and businesses by developing an infrastructure, advertising in newspapers and his 300 pepper trees formed a canopy over Canoga Ave. between Ventura Boulevard and Saltillo St. became Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #93 in 1972. The community of Girard was eventually incorporated into Los Angeles, Woodland Hills has a firmly subtropical mediterranean climate. Within the San Fernando Valley, Woodland Hills generally experiences some of the extreme temperature changes season to season than other regions. During the summer, temperatures are very hot, while during the winter. On July 22,2006, Woodland Hills recorded the highest temperature ever in Los Angeles County, the climate is classified as a Csa in the Köppen climate classification, which is characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. This climate is referred to as mediterranean. Precipitation in Woodland Hills averages much the same as most other regions of the west San Fernando Valley, in 2008 the population of Woodland Hills was approximately 63,000. The median age in 2000 was 40, considered old when compared to city and county jurisdictions. As of the 2000 census, and according to the Los Angeles Almanac, there were 67,006 people and 29,119 households residing in Woodland Hills. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 79. 90% White,6. 97% Asian,0. 13% Pacific Islander,3. 34% African American,0. 33% Native American,4. 80% from other races, and 4. 52% from two or more races. 11. 94% of the population were Hispanic of any race, in population, it is one of the least dense neighborhoods in Los Angeles, and the percentage of white people is high for the county
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
The Seven Year Itch
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The Seven Year Itch is a 1955 American romantic comedy film based on a three-act play with the same name by George Axelrod. The film was co-written and directed by Billy Wilder, and stars Marilyn Monroe and Tom Ewell and it contains one of the most iconic images of the 20th century – Monroe standing on a subway grate as her white dress is blown upwards by a passing train. The titular phrase, which refers to declining interest in a relationship after seven years of marriage, has been used by psychologists. Richard Sherman is a nerdy, faithful, middle-aged publishing executive with an imagination and a mid-life crisis, whose wife, Helen. That evening, he works on reading the manuscript of a book in which psychiatrist Dr. Brubaker claims that almost all men are driven to have affairs in the seventh year of marriage. A tomato plant then crashes into his chair, the woman upstairs apologizes for accidentally knocking it off the balcony. He waits for her to get dressed, including in underwear she says she keeps cool in her icebox, when she arrives, a vision in pink, they have a drink and he lies about being married. When she sees his wedding ring, he backtracks but she is unconcerned, having no designs on him and he has a fantasy that she is a femme fatale overcome by his playing of Rachmaninoffs Second Piano Concerto. In reality, she prefers Chopsticks, which play together. Richard, overcome by his fantasies, awkwardly grabs at her and he apologizes for his indiscretion but she says it happens to her all the time. Guilt-ridden, however, he asks her to leave, over the next few days, they spend more time together and Richard imagines that they are growing closer, although she is immune to his imagined charms. Helen continually calls her husband, asking him to send the paddle so Ricky can use the kayak and his waning resolve to resist temptation fuels his fear that he is succumbing to the Seven Year Itch. He seeks help from Dr. Brubaker, but to no avail, Richard imagines his wife with McKenzie on a hayride which actually takes place but into which he injects his paranoia, guilt and jealousy. The characters of Elaine, Marie, and the voices of Sherman and The Girl were dropped from the play, the characters of the Plumber, Miss Finch, the Waitress. Many lines and scenes from the play were cut or re-written because they were deemed indecent by the Hays office, Axelrod and Wilder complained that the film was being made under straitjacketed conditions. This led to a plot change, in the play, Sherman and The Girl had sex, in the movie. Footage of Walter Matthau and Ewells screen tests for Sherman is featured in the DVD of the film, nicolas Roegs film Insignificance features a character based on Monroe and a re-enactment of the subway/dress scene. The exterior shooting location of Richards apartment was 164 East 61st Street in Manhattan, saul Bass created the opening animated title sequence for the film, his only title sequence for a Wilder movie
5.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
6.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
7.
The Girl Can't Help It
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The Girl Cant Help It is a 1956 musical comedy starring Jayne Mansfield in the titular role, Tom Ewell, Edmond OBrien, Henry Jones, and Julie London. The picture was produced and directed by Frank Tashlin, with a screenplay adapted by Tashlin, the movie was originally intended as a vehicle for the American sex symbol Jayne Mansfield, with a satirical subplot involving teenagers and rock n roll music. The unintended result has been called the most potent celebration of music ever captured on film. The original music score, including a song performed by Little Richard, was by Bobby Troup. Tom Ewell had portrayed Marilyn Monroes leading man in The Seven Year Itch the previous year, a slot-machine mobster, Marty Fats Murdock, wants his blonde girlfriend, Jerri Jordan, to be a singing star, despite her seeming lack of talent. Miller sets to work by showing Jordan off around numerous night spots, his machinations arouse interest in Jordan, however, Miller realizes that Jordan really just wants to be a homemaker and tries to persuade Murdock not to push Jordan into a show-business career. He thinks hes succeeded when he reveals to Murdock that Jordans singing is so bad it shatters light bulbs, suspicious of Millers reluctance to promote Jordan and of the obvious attraction between Miller and Jordan, Murdock has his associate Mousie wiretap a phone call between the pair. Feeling pity for them, Mousie edits out the portions of their conversations. In Chicago, Wheeler is impressed by the song and Jordans voice, however, when Miller reveals that the song writer is Murdock, Wheeler throws him out of his office and vows never to play the song. A furious Murdock bullies bar owners into buying jukeboxes from him instead and successfully promotes his, to prevent Murdock from stealing his business, Wheeler arranges to have Murdock assassinated at the rock show where Jordan will be making her debut. On his way to the show, Murdock confesses to Mousie that he doesnt want to marry Jordan, Mousie confesses that he altered the tape of Jordan and Millers phone call and encourages Murdock to let Jordan marry Miller. Backstage at the show, Jordan confesses her love to Miller, Jordan also admits that she is a talented singer, who lied because she did not want a show business career, she goes on stage and performs a song about her love for Miller. When Murdock arrives, Miller declares to him that he and Jordan are in love, before Miller and Murdock can tell Jordan the good news, Wheelers assassins shoot at Murdock. Miller fights them off and shoves Murdock on stage to perform his song, reasoning that the assassins wont shoot Murdock in front of so many witnesses, Wheeler arrives and, impressed by the audiences response to Murdock, calls off the assassination and signs Murdock instead. The film ends with Miller and Jordan kissing on their honeymoon, as Murdock, the film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2006, AFIs Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated The movies influence on rock music is significant. The film reached Liverpool, England, in the summer of 1957. On July 6,1957, 15-year-old Paul McCartney was introduced to Lennon after the latter had performed at a church garden party with his skiffle group The Quarrymen. McCartney demonstrated his prowess to Lennon by performing Twenty Flight Rock in a manner similar to how he had seen it played by Eddie Cochran in The Girl Cant Help It
8.
Don Ameche
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Don Ameche was an American actor and voice artist. After touring in vaudeville, he featured in many biographical films and he continued to appear on Broadway, as well as on radio and TV, where he was host and commentator for International Showtime, covering circus and ice-shows all over Europe. Ameche was married to his wife Honore for 54 years, Ameche won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Cocoon. Ameche was born Dominic Felix Amici in Kenosha, Wisconsin on May 31,1908 and his father, Felice Amici, was a bartender from Italy from Montemonaco, Ascoli Piceno, Marche. His mother, Barbara Etta Hertel, was of Scottish, Irish and he had three brothers, Umberto, James, and Louis, and four sisters, Elizabeth, Catherine, Mary and Anna. Ameche attended Marquette University, Loras College, and the University of Wisconsin, Ameche had intended to study law, but he found theatricals more interesting and decided on a stage career. He was instrumental in forming and leading the group the year before play began. Ameche was married to Honore Prendergast from 1932 until her death in 1986, one, Ron Ameche, owned a restaurant, Ameches Pumpernickel in Coralville, Iowa. He had two daughters, Connie and Bonnie, Ameches younger brother, Jim Ameche, was also a well-known actor. His brother Bert was an architect who worked for the U. S. Navy in Port Hueneme, California, and then the U. S. Postal Service in Los Angeles, California. He enjoyed the experience and got a lead in Jerry For Short in New York, followed by a tour in vaudeville with Texas Guinan until she dropped him from the act. He made his debut in 1935, and by the late 1930s, had established himself as a major actor in Hollywood. He appeared in films as Alexanders Ragtime Band, and as the title character in The Story of Alexander Graham Bell. In the 1940 film Go West, Groucho Marx proclaims, Telephone and this is 1870, Don Ameche hasnt invented the telephone yet. While in the 1941 film Ball of Fire, Barbara Stanwycks character discusses the ameche slang usage, Do you know what this means, another highlight was co-starring with Gene Tierney in Ernst Lubitschs Heaven Can Wait in 1943, a film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In 1940, he was voted the 21st-most-popular star in Hollywood, in 1944 he reportedly earned $247,677 for 1943, making him the second highest earner at 20th Century Fox after Spyros Skouras. Ameche played so many roles based on people that on one of his radio broadcasts, Fred Allen joked. Soon afterwards, in Its in the Bag. which starred Allen, Ameche and fellow veteran actor Ralph Bellamy were eventually cast in John Landis Trading Places in 1983, playing rich brothers intent on ruining an innocent man for the sake of a one-dollar bet
9.
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded October 5,1947, by Elia Kazan, [[Cheryl Crawford, lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17,1982. It is currently run by Al Pacino, Ellen Burstyn, the Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in an environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles. After an initial meeting held on October 5,1947, at the Labor Stage, before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period, In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability and this it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, room 610. This arrangement would persist throughout the 1954-1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue, in 1955 it moved to its current location in the former Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church, built in 1859. From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of masters-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School, after ending its contact with the New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006. ISBN 0-02-542650-8 Foster Hirsch, A Method to their Madness, The History of the Actors Studio, New York, WW Norton & Co Inc,1984. ISBN 0-393-01783-4 Shelly Frome, The Actors Studio, a History, david Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947-2003, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
10.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
11.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
12.
Adam's Rib
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Adams Rib is a 1949 American film written by Ruth Gordon and Garson Kanin and directed by George Cukor. It stars Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn as married lawyers who come to each other in court. Judy Holliday co-stars as the lead in her second credited movie role. The music was composed by Miklós Rózsa, except for the song Farewell, Amanda, Doris Attinger follows her husband with a gun one day after suspecting he is having an affair with another woman. In her rage, she fires at the multiple times. One of the bullets hits her husband in the shoulder, the following morning, married lawyers Adam and Amanda Bonner read about the incident in the newspaper. Amanda sympathizes with the woman, particularly noting the double standard exists for men and women regarding adultery. Adam thinks Doris is guilty of attempted murder, when Adam arrives at work, he learns that he has been assigned to prosecute the case. When Amanda hears this, she seeks out Doris and becomes her defense lawyer, Amanda bases her case on the belief that women and men are equal, and that Doris had been forced into the situation through her husbands poor treatment of her. Adam thinks Amanda is showing a disregard for the law, since there should never be an excuse for such behavior, tension increasingly builds at home as the two battle each other in court. The situation comes to a head when Adam feels humiliated during the trial when Amanda encourages one of her witnesses, Adam, still angry, later storms out of their apartment. When the verdict for the trial is returned, Amandas plea to the jury to judge this case as you would if the sexes were reversed proves successful, and Doris is acquitted. That night, Adam sees Amanda and their neighbor Kip Lurie and he breaks into the apartment, pointing a gun at the pair. Amanda is horrified, and says to Adam, Youve no right to do this -- nobody does, Adam feels he has proven his point about the injustice of Amandas line of defense. He then puts the gun in his mouth, Amanda and Kip scream in terror. Adam then bites down on the gun and chews off a piece, Amanda is furious with this prank, and a three-way fight ensues. Adam and Amanda, in the midst of a divorce, reluctantly reunite for a meeting with their tax accountant and they talk about their relationship in the past tense. They become emotional when talking about the farm they own and realize how much they love each other and they go to the farm, where Adam announces that he has been selected as the Republican nominee for County Court Judge
13.
June Lockhart
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June Lockhart is an American actress, primarily in 1950s and 1960s television, also with performances on stage and in film. She played the mother in two TV series, Lassie and Lost in Space and she also portrayed Dr. Janet Craig on the CBS television sitcom Petticoat Junction. She is a two-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award winner and her grandfather was John Coates Lockhart, a concert-singer. She attended the Westlake School for Girls in Beverly Hills, California, Lockhart made her film debut opposite her parents in a film version of A Christmas Carol, in 1938. She also played supporting parts in films including Meet Me in St. Louis, Sergeant York, All This, Lockhart played the title role in She-Wolf of London. Lockhart debuted on stage at the age of eight, playing Mimsey in Peter Ibbetson, in 1947, her acting in For Love or Money brought her out of her parents shadow and gained her notice as a promising movie actress in her own right. One newspaper article began, June Lockhart has burst on Broadway with the suddenness of an unpredicted comet, in 1951, Lockhart starred in Lawrence Rileys biographical play Kin Hubbard opposite Tom Ewell. In 1955, Lockhart appeared in an episode of CBSs Appointment with Adventure, about this time, she also made several appearances on NBCs legal drama Justice, based on case files of the Legal Aid Society of New York. In the late 1950s, Lockhart guest-starred in several popular television Westerns including, Wagon Train and Cimarron City on NBC and Gunsmoke, Have Gun – Will Travel, and Rawhide on CBS. Lockhart is best known for her roles as TV mothers, first as Ruth Martin, the wife of Paul Martin, and she replaced actress Cloris Leachman, who, in turn, had replaced Jan Clayton - who had played a similar character earlier in the series. Following her five-year run on Lassie Lockhart made a guest appearance on Perry Mason as defendant Mona Stanton Harvey in The Case of the Scandalous Sculptor. Lockhart then starred as Dr. Maureen Robinson in Lost in Space, in 1965, Lockhart played librarian Ina Coolbrith, first poet laureate of California, in the episode Magic Locket of the syndicated western series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Ronald W. Reagan. In the storyline, Coolbrith develops a friendship with the teenaged Dorita Duncan. The two have identical portions of a broken locket, sean McClory played the poet Joaquin Miller, author of Songs of the Sierras. Lockhart would then appear as Dr, in 1986, she appeared in the fantasy film, Troll. The younger version of her character in film was played by her daughter. They had previously played the woman at two different ages in the Lest We Forget episode of the television series Magnum, P. I. In 1991, Lockhart appeared as Miss Wiltrout, Michelle Tanners kindergarten teacher on the TV sitcom Full House and she also had a cameo in the 1998 film Lost in Space, based on the television series she had starred in thirty years earlier
14.
Vanessa Brown
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Vanessa Brown was an Austrian-born American actress who was successful in radio, film, theater, and television. Born Smylla Brind in Vienna, Austria, to Jewish parents, Brown and her family fled to Paris, within a few years the family had settled in America and Brown auditioned for Lillian Hellman for a role in Watch on the Rhine. In high school she wrote and directed school plays and she graduated from UCLA in 1949, having majored in English. While there, she was movie critic and feature writer for the Daily Bruin, browns IQ of 165 led to two years of work as one of the young panelists on the radio series Quiz Kids. She specialized in literature and language, in her adult years, she had an interview program on the Voice of America. She was also heard on Lux Radio Theatre, Skippy Hollywood Theatre, NBC University Theatre, Brown was a junior member of the National Board of Review, the critical panel serving the motion picture industry. RKO Radio Pictures brought her family to Los Angeles, and Brown made her debut in Youth Runs Wild. RKO changed her name to Vanessa Brown and assigned her to a series of ingenue roles over the next few years. She was the actress to play the role of Jane, appearing in Tarzan and the Slave Girl opposite Lex Barker, followed by a role in Vincente Minnellis acclaimed The Bad. Her last film appearance was playing Millie Perkinss sister in the horror film The Witch Who Came from the Sea. In the 1950s, Brown was a regular panelist on Ill Buy That on CBS and she also acted in live television dramas of the early 1950s, including Robert Montgomery Presents and The Philco Television Playhouse, and appeared on Pantomime Quiz and Leave It to the Girls. She later appeared on television series as The Wonder Years and Murder. She also had a guest appearance on Perry Mason as Donna Kress in the 1959 episode, back on Broadway, she originated the role of The Girl in The Seven Year Itch, the character portrayed by Marilyn Monroe in the 1955 film version. She continued to do much television through the 1950s, and was one of the narrators of the United World Federalists documentary Eight Steps to Peace, along with Vincent Price, Brown also ventured into writing for the stage. She was the author of Europa and the Bull, based on the legend of Europa, Brown was active in the Democratic Party, serving as a delegate to the partys national convention in 1956. In 1962, she was a member of a committee that promoted a campaign for Adlai Stevenson as governor of California. In 1959, Brown was described in an article as a promising artist whose oil paintings hang in the homes of top film colony personalities. She signed her paintings with her name, Symila
15.
What's My Line?
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Whats My Line. is a panel game show which originally ran in the United States on the CBS Television Network from 1950 to 1967, with several international versions and subsequent U. S. revivals. It is the longest-running U. S. primetime network television game-show, after its cancellation by CBS in 1967, it returned in syndication as a daily production, moderated originally by Wally Bruner and later by Larry Blyden, which ran from 1968 to 1975. There have been international versions, radio versions, and a live stage version. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #9 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever, produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS Television, the show was initially called Occupation Unknown before deciding on the name Whats My Line. The original series, which was usually broadcast live, debuted on Thursday, February 2,1950 and this was then state-of-the-art technology, and Daly praised it upon his return from Moscow. In such instances, there would often be two shows a day, the one, followed immediately by the live one. The cast and crew began taking Summer breaks from the show in July 1961, the host, then called the moderator, was veteran radio and television newsman John Charles Daly. Clifton Fadiman, Eamonn Andrews, and Random House co-founding publisher, the show featured a panel of four celebrities who questioned the contestants. On the initial program of February 2,1950, the panel was former New Jersey governor Harold Hoffman, columnist Dorothy Kilgallen, poet Louis Untermeyer, and psychiatrist Richard Hoffmann. At various times, a regular panelist might take a vacation or be absent from an episode to due outside commitments, on these occasions, the most frequent guest panelist was Arlene Franciss husband Martin Gabel, who appeared 112 times over the years. Publisher Bennett Cerf replaced Untermeyer as a regular panelist in 1951, Allen left in 1954 to launch The Tonight Show, and he was replaced by comedian Fred Allen, who remained on the panel until his death in 1956. Following Fred Allens death, he was not replaced on a permanent basis, for the majority of the shows network run, between 1956 and 1965, the panel therefore consisted of Kilgallen, Cerf, Francis and a fourth guest panelist. After Kilgallens death in 1965, she was not replaced with a permanent panelist. For the shows final two years, the panel consisted of Cerf, Francis and two guests, Whats My Line. was a guessing game in which the four panelists attempted to determine the occupation of a guest. In the case of the mystery guest each week, the panel sought to determine the identity of the contestant. Panelists were required to probe by asking only yes-no questions, a typical episode featured two standard rounds plus one mystery guest round. On the occasions on which there were two guests, the first would usually appear as the first contestant. For the first few seasons, the contestant would first meet the panel up close, for an inspection
16.
The Lieutenant Wore Skirts
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The Lieutenant Wore Skirts is a 1956 film directed by Frank Tashlin and starring Tom Ewell, Sheree North, and Rita Moreno. It is a comedy about a man whose marriage begins to fail when his wife gets drafted, TV writer Greg Whitcomb did his military service heroically but now has settled into everyday life with a young wife, Katy. A letter from the war department arrives that Katy believes is calling Greg back to duty from the Air Force reserve. A captain attending the party, Barney Sloan, casually calls Greg an old-timer, Greg gets drunk and passes out. His pride stung, Greg is willing to return to duty once he learns of the letter, so Katy, trouble is, Greg flunks his physical exam due to a bad knee. Katy is shipped to a base in Hawaii without him, female neighbors keep suggesting Katy will be lonely and surrounded by handsome servicemen, so Greg flies to Honolulu to join her. He ends up spending hours with the wives, a situation their husbands dont appreciate, Greg decides to sabotage Katys career so she can get a discharge. His stunt backfires, but because Gregs knee has healed, he is now recalled up to duty, which would be fine, except Katy now needs to be honorably discharged and sent home because she is pregnant. Tom Ewell as Gregory Whitcomb Sheree North as Lt. Katy Whitcomb Rita Moreno as Sandra Roberts Rick Jason as Capt. The project originated in the fall of 1955, soon after Norths breakthrough in How to Be Very, Very Popular, a role intended for Monroe, but one she turned down. The studio attached popular director Frank Tashlin and comedian Tom Ewell to work alongside North, Tashlin had the films script tailored to fit Norths talents, and molded his story along the lines of the popular romantic comedies of the era. The film was Buddy Adlers first film under his Fox contract, during production, the role of Sandra, the sultry upstairs neighbor, was intended for African-American actress Dorothy Dandridge. Two years earlier, Dandridge had achieved fame for her performance in Carmen Jones, Fox head Darryl F. Zanuck was, at the time, in the process of gradually promoting Dandridge into being accepted by contemporary white audiences. As a result, Dandridge was replaced by Rita Moreno as Sandra and Tuptim, and her career started its slow, but steady decline. List of American films of 1956 The Lieutenant Wore Skirts at the Internet Movie Database The Lieutenant Wore Skirts at the TCM Movie Database The Lieutenant Wore Skirts at AllMovie
17.
Sheree North
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Sheree North was an American film and television actress, dancer, and singer, known for being one of 20th Century-Foxs intended successors to Marilyn Monroe. North was born as Dawn Shirley Crang in Los Angeles, California, on January 17,1932, following her mothers remarriage to Edward Bethel, she was known as Dawn Shirley Bethel. She began dancing in USO shows during World War II at age ten, in 1948, she married Fred Bessire. She bore her first child at age 17 in 1949, North made her film début as an uncredited extra in Excuse My Dust. She was then spotted by a performing at the Macayo Club in Santa Monica. Around that time, she adopted the stage name Sheree North and she made her Broadway début in the musical Hazel Flagg, for which she won a Theatre World Award. She reprised her role in the version, Living It Up, starring Dean Martin. In early 1954, aged 22, she appeared in a live TV version of Cole Porters Anything Goes on The Colgate Comedy Hour, with Ethel Merman, Frank Sinatra, in 1954, North signed a four-year contract with 20th Century-Fox. The studio had big plans for her, hoping to groom her as a replacement for the studios leading, after her screen tests, however, North was not cast in either film. In March 1954, North had a brush with scandal when it was revealed that she had danced in a bikini in an 8 mm erotic film. Fox capitalized on the publicity as the studio previously had with Monroes nude calendar posing in 1952, in 1955, she was assigned the lead role opposite Betty Grable in How to Be Very, Very Popular, a role that Marilyn Monroe had refused to accept. Media attention surrounding Monroes suspension and Norths hiring resulted in North appearing on the cover of Life magazine with the cover line Sheree North Takes Over From Marilyn Monroe, the movie received mixed reviews from critics and was a moderate box office success. Despite this, film historians, then and now, cite Norths electrically-charged dancing to Shake, Rattle and Roll, in an attempt to promote North, Fox studio executives lobbied to cast her in films surrounded with popular stars. The studio had campaigned to cast her in a film with comedian Tom Ewell, to promote the film, North posed for several publicity shots showing her legs. When the majority of the shots were released, only her legs appeared with the tagline, Believe it or not, the film premiered with much fanfare in January 1956, and became a box office success, grossing over $4 million in the United States. Norths follow-up was The Best Things in Life Are Free, a musical in which her singing voice was dubbed by Eileen Wilson. She received fourth billing under Gordon MacRae, Dan Dailey, and it was an attempt by the studio to broaden Norths audience appeal, and while it earned favorable reviews from critics, it did not become the success Fox had hoped for. In 1956, Fox signed another blonde bombshell, Broadway actress Jayne Mansfield to a contract, although Fox slowly lost interest in North, the studio continued to offer her a string of films
18.
Jayne Mansfield
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Jayne Mansfield was an American actress in film, theatre, and television. She was also an entertainer, a singer, and one of the early Playboy Playmates. She was a major Hollywood sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s and 20th Century Foxs main sex symbol actress and she was also known for her well publicized personal life and publicity stunts, such as wardrobe malfunctions. While Mansfields film career was short-lived, she had several successes and won a Theatre World Award. She enjoyed success in the role of fictional actress Rita Marlowe and her other major movie performances were for The Girl Cant Help It, The Wayward Bus, and Too Hot to Handle. She became the first major American actress to have a starring role in a Hollywood motion picture. Mansfields professional name came from her first husband, public relations professional Paul Mansfield, in 1967, Mansfield was killed in a car crash at the age of 34, along with two others. Jayne Mansfield was born Vera Jayne Palmer on April 19,1933, in Bryn Mawr and she was the only child of Herbert William Palmer, who was of German and English ancestry, and Vera Palmer, of English origin. She inherited more than $90,000 from her maternal grandfather Thomas and more than $36,000 from her grandmother, Beatrice Mary Palmer. She spent her childhood in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, where her father was an attorney practising with future New Jersey governor Robert B. In 1936, her father Herbert William Palmer died of an attack while driving a car with his wife. In 1939 Vera married sales engineer Harry Lawrence Peers, and the moved to Dallas, Texas. As a child she wanted to be a Hollywood star like Shirley Temple and she graduated from Highland Park High School in 1950. At the age of 12, she took lessons in ballroom dance, while in high school, Palmer took lessons in violin, piano and viola. She also studied Spanish and German and she consistently received high Bs in school, including mathematics. She married Paul James Mansfield on May 10,1950 and their daughter, Jayne Marie Mansfield, was born on November 8,1950. After marriage, Mansfield and her husband enrolled in Southern Methodist University to study acting, in 1951, she moved to Austin, Texas, with her husband, and studied dramatics at the University of Texas at Austin, until her junior year. There she worked as a model for art classes, sold books door to door
19.
Julie London
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Julie London was an American singer, and film and television actress, whose career spanned five decades of television. She was noted for her smoky, sensual husky voice and languid demeanor and she released 32 albums of pop and jazz standards during the 1950s and 1960s, with her signature song being the classic Cry Me a River, which she introduced in 1955. She had also appeared as a guest on talk shows. Londons 35-year acting career began in films in 1944, and included playing opposite Rock Hudson in The Fat Man, Gary Cooper in Man of the West and she achieved continuing success in the 1970s medical drama Emergency. Co-starring her real-life husband, Bobby Troup, and produced by her ex-husband, Jack Webb, in which London played the lead role of Nurse Dixie McCall. An only child, London was born on September 26,1926, in Santa Rosa, California, the daughter of Jack and Josephine Peck, who were a vaudeville song-and-dance team. In 1929, when she was 3 years old, her moved to San Bernardino, California. In 1941, when she was 14, the moved to Hollywood. Shortly after that, she began appearing in films and she graduated from the Hollywood Professional School in 1945. London began singing in public in her teens before appearing in film and she was discovered by talent agent Sue Carol, while working as an elevator operator. Her early film career did not include any singing roles, London recorded 32 albums in a career that began in 1955 with a live performance at the 881 Club in Los Angeles. Billboard named her the most popular female vocalist for 1955,1956 and she was the subject of a 1957 Life cover article in which she was quoted as saying, Its only a thimbleful of a voice, and I have to use it close to the microphone. But it is a kind of oversmoked voice, and it automatically sounds intimate, londons début recordings were for the Bethlehem Records label. While shopping for a deal, she recorded four tracks that would later be included on the compilation album Bethlehems Girlfriends in 1955. Bobby Troup backed London on the album, London recorded the standards Dont Worry About Me, Motherless Child, A Foggy Day, and Youre Blasé. Londons most famous single, Cry Me a River, was written by her high-school classmate Arthur Hamilton, the recording became a million-seller after its release in December 1955, and also sold on reissue in April 1983 from the attention brought by a Mari Wilson cover. London performed the song in the film The Girl Cant Help It, the song Yummy Yummy Yummy was featured on the HBO television series Six Feet Under and appears on its soundtrack album. Londons Must Be Catchin was featured in the 2011 premiere episode of the ABC series Pan Am and her last recording was My Funny Valentine for the soundtrack of the Burt Reynolds film Sharkys Machine
20.
State Fair (1962 film)
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State Fair is a 1962 American musical film directed by José Ferrer. The film is a remake of the 1933 and 1945 films of the same name and it was considered to be a financially and critically unsuccessful film. It starred Pat Boone, Bobby Darin, Ann-Margret, Tom Ewell, Pamela Tiffin, richard Rodgers wrote additional songs, both music and lyrics, for this version. His partner Oscar Hammerstein had died in 1960, while the stage musical,1933 and 1945 film were set at the Iowa State Fair, this 1962 version was set in Texas. It was filmed in Visalia, California at Mooneys Grove park, the Tilt-A-Whirl that was used in the film is currently at a small theme park in Golden, Colorado. Adler died later that year as did Hammerstein, Rodgers decided to write the lyrics himself. José Ferrer had just made Return to Peyton Place for Fox and was signed to direct, State Fair at the Internet Movie Database State Fair at the TCM Movie Database
21.
Coconut Grove Playhouse
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The Coconut Grove Playhouse was a theatre in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. The building was constructed as a movie theater called the Players State Theater. It opened on January 3,1927, as a part of the Paramount chain, the movie house was designed by the architect Richard Kiehnel of Kiehnel and Elliott. It was built by local realtors Irving J. Thomas and Fin L. Pierce, the theater was renowned as the second movie theatre on the east coast of Florida to be air conditioned and having the largest Wurlitzer organ in the United States. It was used for a variety of shows until closing in 2006 and it has not been used since. In the 1950s George Engle, an oilman, bought it and it reopened on January 3,1956 with the US premiere of Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, starring Bert Lahr and Tom Ewell. Scott, Colleen Dewhurst, and Ethel Merman, between 1964 and 1965, The Coconut Grove Playhouse was used by The Miami Actors Company, which was meant to be an extension of the National Theatre and Academy. The brainchild of Ilse Earl, who taught classes at Miami Dade College. Only 20 actors from Miami and surrounding areas were chosen to become part of this historic event, the company was reviewed by The Miami Herald theatre critic at that time. Shows involved, among others, were J. B. by Archibald MacLeish, All the Way Home by Tad Mosel, Slow Dance was a hurried replacement which had to be put in place within ten days of rehearsal, replacing Hogans Goat. In 1982, actor-director José Ferrer was named Artistic Director, in 1985, Arnold Mittelman was selected after a national search to succeed Mr. Ferrer. Among the productions that premiered prior to a Broadway opening are Neil Simon’s The Sunshine Boys, starring Jack Klugman and Tony Randall. Sherry Glaser’s Family Secrets moved to off-Broadway and became its longest running one-woman show, the theatre now has two stages, the 1700-seat proscenium Mainstage Theater and the intimate 100-seat Encore Room Theater. On November 22,1996, Late Show with David Letterman originated from the theater and it remains the last episode of the show not to originate from New York to date. The Coconut Grove Playhouse closed in 2006 due to an accumulated debt, the theatre remains closed to this date. In January 2014, however, Miami-Dade County received permission from the State of Florida to take over the building, at the time of the Miami-Dade County takeover, there were several ideas for the use of the space. GableStage would work in association with Florida International University and their theatre department, at the time of the approval, the City of Miami government waived 1.5 million dollars worth of previously accumulated building violation fees. This plan was rivaled by a proposal for creating a 700 seat theatre at the space, the group presenting this proposal was led by Mike Eidson, trust chairman at the Adrienne Arsht Center, a large performance complex in downtown Miami
22.
Bert Lahr
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Bert Lahr was an American actor, particularly of stage and film, and comedian. Lahr is known for his role as the Cowardly Lion, as well as his counterpart Kansas farmworker Zeke and he was well known for his explosive humor, but also adapted well to dramatic roles and his work in burlesque, vaudeville, and on Broadway. Lahr was born in New York City, the son of Augusta and his parents were German Jewish immigrants. Lahr grew up in the Yorkville section of Manhattan, dropping out of school at 15 to join a juvenile vaudeville act, Lahr worked up to top billing on the Columbia Burlesque Circuit. In 1927 he debuted on Broadway in Delmars Revels and he played to packed houses, performing classic routines such as The Song of the Woodman. Lahr had his first major success in a stage playing the prize fighter hero of Hold Everything. Other musicals followed, notably Flying High, Florenz Ziegfelds Hot-Cha. in 1939, he co-starred as Louis Blore alongside Ethel Merman in the Broadway production of DuBarry Was a Lady. Lahr made his film debut in 1931s Flying High, playing the oddball aviator he had played on stage. He signed with New York-based Educational Pictures for a series of two-reel comedies, when that series ended, he went to Hollywood to work in feature films. Aside from The Wizard of Oz, his career was limited. In the 1944 patriotic film Meet the People, Lahr uttered the phrase Heavens to Murgatroyd, later popularized by cartoon character Snagglepuss. Lahrs most famous role was that of the Cowardly Lion in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayers 1939 adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, Lahr was signed to play the role on July 25,1938. He starred opposite Judy Garland, Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Frank Morgan, Lahrs lion costume was composed of lion fur and, under the high-intensity lighting required for Ozs Technicolor scenes, the costume was unbearably hot. Lahr contributed ad-lib comedic lines for his character, many of Lahrs scenes took several takes because other cast members, especially Garland, couldnt complete the scenes without laughing. The Wizard of Oz was Lahrs 17th movie, when warned that Hollywood had a habit of typecasting actors, Lahr replied, Yeah, but how many parts are there for lions. He made the transition to straight theater and he got a script of Waiting for Godot, and was greatly impressed but unsure of how the revolutionary play would be received in the United States. It was performed in Europe to great acclaim, but was somewhat obscure and he co-starred in the US premiere of Waiting for Godot in 1956 at the Coconut Grove Playhouse in Miami, Florida, playing Estragon to Tom Ewells Vladimir. The performance bombed, with audience members walking out in numbers
23.
Waiting for Godot
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Waiting for Godot is Becketts translation of his own original French play, En attendant Godot, and is subtitled a tragicomedy in two acts. The original French text was composed between 9 October 1948 and 29 January 1949, the premiere was on 5 January 1953 in the Théâtre de Babylone, Paris. The English language version was premiered in London in 1955, in a poll conducted by the British Royal National Theatre in 1990 it was voted the “most significant English language play of the 20th century”. Vladimir takes up the thought loftily, while Estragon vaguely recalls having been beaten the night before, finally, his boots come off, while the pair ramble and bicker pointlessly. When Estragon suddenly decides to leave, Vladimir reminds him that they must stay, unfortunately, the pair cannot agree on where or when they are expected to meet with this Godot. They only know to wait at a tree, and there is indeed a leafless one nearby, eventually, Estragon dozes off and Vladimir rouses him but then stops him before he can share his dreams—another recurring activity between the two men. Estragon wants to hear an old joke, which Vladimir cannot finish without going off to urinate, since every time he starts laughing, upon Vladimirs return, the increasingly jaded Estragon suggests that they hang themselves, but they abandon the idea when the logistics seem ineffective. They then speculate on the rewards of continuing to wait for Godot. When Estragon declares his hunger, Vladimir provides a carrot, at which Estragon idly gnaws, Pozzo barks abusive orders at Lucky, which are always quietly followed, while acting civilly though tersely towards the other two. Pozzo enjoys a snack of chicken and wine, before casting the bones to the ground. Having been in a state of silence ever since the arrival of Pozzo and Lucky. Pozzo ignores this and explains his intention to sell Lucky, who begins to cry, Estragon takes pity and tries to wipe away Luckys tears, but, as he approaches, Lucky violently kicks him in the shin. Pozzo then rambles nostalgically but vaguely about his relationship with Lucky over the years, before offering Vladimir, Estragon begins to beg for money when Pozzo instead suggests that Lucky can dance and think for their entertainment. Luckys dance, the Net, is clumsy and shuffling, Luckys thinking is a long-winded and disjointed monologue—it is the first, Pozzo then has Lucky pack up his bags, and they hastily leave. Vladimir and Estragon, alone again, reflect on whether they met Pozzo, a boy then arrives, purporting to be a messenger sent from Godot to tell the pair that Godot will not be coming that evening but surely tomorrow. During Vladimirs interrogation of the boy, he asks if he came the day before, after the boy departs, the moon appears and the two men verbally agree to leave and find shelter for the night, but they merely stand without moving. It is daytime again and Vladimir begins singing a round about the death of a dog. Again, Estragon claims to have been beaten last night, despite no apparent injury, Vladimir comments that the formerly bare tree now has leaves and tries to confirm his recollections of yesterday against Estragons extremely vague, unreliable memory
24.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
25.
Baretta
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Baretta is an American detective television series which ran on ABC from 1975 to 1978. The show was a milder version of a 1973–74 ABC series, Toma, starring Tony Musante as chameleon-like. When Musante left the series after a season, the concept was retooled as Baretta. Like his model David Toma, Tony Baretta wore many disguises on the job, when not in disguise, Baretta usually wore a short-sleeve sweatshirt, casual slacks, a brown suede jacket and a newsboy cap. He often carried an unlit cigarette in his lips or behind his ear and his catchphrases included You can take dat to da bank and And dat‘s the name of dat tune. When exasperated he would speak in asides to his late father. Baretta drove a rusted-out Mist Blue 1966 Chevrolet Impala four-door sport sedan nicknamed The Blue Ghost and he hung out at Ross’s Billiard Academy and referred to his numerous girlfriends as his cousins. The music for the show was done by the Latin influenced rock group El Chicano from Los Angeles, who also released the song as a 45 and also a track on one of their albums. The Baretta theme song by El Chicano was a hit in many countries including Turkey, Malaysia, Singapore, France. Billy Truman, retired cop who used to work with Barettas father Louie at the 53rd Precinct, rooster, a streetwise pimp and Barettas favorite informant. Inspector Shiller and Lieutenant Hal Brubaker, Barettas supervisors, little Moe, a shoeshine man and informant. Mr. Muncie, the owner of a store at 52nd. The theme song, Keep Your Eye on the Sparrow, was written by Dave Grusin and Morgan Ames, initially an instrumental, lyrics were added in later seasons that were sung by Sammy Davis, Jr. Every episode of Baretta began with the song, which contained the motto, the song was released as a single in Europe in 1976, reaching number one in the Dutch Top 40 as Barettas Theme. The music for the song was performed by Los Angeles-based Latin influenced Rock band El Chicano from Los Angeles. El Chicano also released the song as a 45 and also as a track on one of their albums, the Baretta theme song by El Chicano was a huge hit in many countries including Turkey, Malaysia, Singapore, France and The Philippines. After its initial run in syndication beginning in 1979, the series later re-appeared on TV Land in 1999 as part of a package of series licensed from Universal, me-TV aired reruns of Baretta on Saturday afternoons in 2007. On October 29,2002, Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the first season of Baretta on Region 1 DVD in the United States and it is unknown if the remaining three seasons will be released
26.
Best of the West
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Best of the West is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 1981 through August 1982. The Old West spoof featured the misadventures of Sam Best, a Civil War veteran who becomes a marshal in Copper Creek after accidentally scaring off an incompetent gunfighter called the Calico Kid, sams family was made up of his Southern-belle wife Elvira and his smart-mouthed son Daniel. The cast also included Leonard Frey as villain Parker Tillman, Tom Ewell as drunken town doctor Jerome Kullens, ABC delayed in renewing the series for a second season. Rather than waiting, Joel Higgins signed to star in the new series Silver Spoons on NBC, at that point, ABC announced that it had decided to renew but was cancelling due to the stars departure. In its short run, the managed to feature an array of guest stars. com Best of the West at epguides. com
27.
Murder, She Wrote
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Murder, She Wrote is an American crime drama television series starring Angela Lansbury as mystery writer and amateur detective Jessica Fletcher. The series aired for 12 seasons with 264 episodes from 1984 to 1996 on the CBS network and it was followed by four TV films and an unsuccessful spin-off series, which was produced in 1987, The Law & Harry McGraw. In syndication, the series is highly successful throughout the world. Lansbury was nominated for ten Golden Globes and 12 Emmy Awards for her work on Murder, the series received three nominations but no wins in the Outstanding Drama Series category at the Emmys. It was nominated for a Golden Globe in the same six times. After the series finished in 1996, four TV movies were released between 1997 and 2003, in 2009, a point-and-click video game was released for the PC platform, followed in 2012 by a sequel. A spin-off book series, written by Donald Bain, continues publication at present, earlier, she had acted in two film adaptations of Agatha Christies mystery novels, as Salome Otterbourne in Death on the Nile and as the famous sleuth Miss Marple in The Mirror Crackd. With Murder, She Wrote debuting on Sunday, September 30,1984 and it also made Lansbury, known previously for her motion picture and Broadway stage work, a household name for millions of television viewers. The title comes from Murder, She Said, which was the title of a 1961 film adaptation of Agatha Christies Miss Marple novel 4,50 from Paddington. The show revolves around the life of Jessica Fletcher, a childless. Despite fame and fortune, Jessica remains a resident of Cabot Cove, a coastal community in Maine. Exterior shots of Cabot Cove were filmed in Mendocino, California, the show mostly starts with a preview of the episodes events, with Jessica stating, Tonight On Murder, She Wrote. Jessica invariably proves more perceptive than the official investigators of a case, by carefully piecing the clues together and asking astute questions, she always manages to trap the real murderer. Murder occurred with regularity in her vicinity that the term Cabot Cove syndrome was coined to describe the constant appearance of dead bodies in remote locations. Jessicas relationship with law enforcement officials varies from place to place, both sheriffs of Cabot Cove resign themselves to having her meddle in their cases. However, most detectives and police officers do not want her anywhere near their crime scenes, some are happy to have her assistance from the start, often because they are fans of her books. With time, she makes friends in many departments across the U. S. as well as with a British police officer attached to Scotland Yard. At the start of eight, more of the stories were set in New York City with Jessica moving into an apartment there part-time in order to teach criminology
28.
Robert Blake (actor)
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Robert Blake is a retired American actor, having starring roles in the film In Cold Blood and the U. S. television series Baretta. Blake began performing as a child, with a role in the final years of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayers Our Gang short film series from 1939 to 1944. He also appeared as an actor in 22 entries of the Red Ryder film franchise. In the Red Ryder series and in many of his roles as an adult. After a stint in the Army, Blake returned to acting in television and movie roles. He was married to Sondra Kerr, his first wife, with whom he had two children, from 1964 until their divorce in 1983 and he continued acting through 1997s Lost Highway for a career that author Michael Newton called one of the longest in Hollywood history. In 2005, Blake was tried and acquitted of the 2001 murder of his second wife, on November 18,2005, he was found liable in a California civil court for her wrongful death. Blake was born Michael James Gubitosi in Nutley, New Jersey and his mother, Elizabeth Cafone, was married to Giacomo Gubitosi. In 1930, James worked as a die setter for a can manufacturer, eventually, James and Elizabeth began a song-and-dance act. In 1936, the three began performing, billed as The Three Little Hillbillies. They moved to Los Angeles, in 1938, where their children working as movie extras. Blake had a childhood and was allegedly abused by his alcoholic father. When he entered school at age 10, he was bullied and had fights. Blake states that he was physically and sexually abused by his parents while growing up and was locked in a closet. His father committed suicide in 1956, at age 14, he ran away from home, leading to several more difficult years. Then known as Mickey Gubitosi, Blake began his career as Toto in the MGM movie Bridal Suite starring Annabella. Gubitosi then began appearing in MGMs Our Gang short subjects under his real name and he appeared in 40 of the shorts between 1939 and 1944, eventually becoming the series final lead character. James and Giovanna Gubitosi also made appearances in the series as extras, in Our Gang, Gubitosis character, Mickey, was often called upon to cry, for which he was criticized for being unconvincing
29.
Taxi (TV series)
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Taxi is an American sitcom that originally aired on ABC from September 12,1978 to May 6,1982 and on NBC from September 30,1982 to June 15,1983. The series—which won 18 Emmy Awards, including three for Outstanding Comedy Series—focuses on the lives of a handful of New York City taxi drivers. Taxi was produced by the John Charles Walters Company, in association with Paramount Network Television, and was created by James L. Brooks, Stan Daniels, David Davis, and Ed Weinberger. The show focuses on the employees of the fictional Sunshine Cab Company, among the drivers, only Alex Reiger, who is disillusioned with life, considers cab driving his profession. The others view it as a temporary job, Elaine Nardo is a single mother working as a receptionist at an art gallery. Tony Banta is a boxer with a losing record, Bobby Wheeler is a struggling actor. John Burns is working his way through college, All take pity on Reverend Jim Ignatowski, an aging hippie minister, who is burnt out from drugs, so they help him become a cabbie. The characters also included Latka Gravas, their innocent, wide-eyed mechanic from a foreign country, and Louie De Palma. A number of episodes involve a character having an opportunity to realize his or her dream to move up in the world, otherwise, the cabbies deal on a daily basis with their unsatisfying lives and with Louie DePalmas abusive behavior and contempt. Louies assistant, Jeff Bennett, is heard from at first. Alex Reiger – Alex is the sometimes caustic, but level-headed core of the show, at one point, he reveals his anxiety with this unwanted burden. He once worked in an office, with a chance of advancement. He was married to Phyllis Bornstein, and when she divorced him because of his lack of ambition she sought sole custody of their baby daughter and he gave in rather than fight it. He is also estranged from his father, Joe. Alex is a compulsive gambler, although he relapses in one episode. A deadpan cynic, he has resigned himself to driving a cab for the rest of his life, Bobby Wheeler – Bobby is a optimistically naive struggling actor whose flamboyance is Louies favourite target. Success eludes Bobby as a actor, once, he is signed up by a famous manager, but it turns out she does not want to represent him, she only wants him as a lover. Another time he is cast in a pilot for an opera called Boise
30.
George Abbott
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George Francis Abbott was an American theater producer and director, playwright, screenwriter, and film director and producer whose career spanned nine decades. Abbott was born in Forestville, New York to George Burwell Abbott and he later moved to the town of Salamanca, which twice elected his father mayor. In 1898, his family moved to Cheyenne, Wyoming, where he attended Kearney Military Academy, within a few years, his family returned to New York, and he graduated from Hamburg High School in 1907. Four years later, he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Rochester, Abbott then went to Harvard University, to take a course in playwriting from George Pierce Baker. Under Bakers tutelage, he wrote The Head of the Family and he then worked for a year as assistant stage manager at the Bijou Theatre in Boston, where his play The Man in the Manhole won a contest. Abbott started acting on Broadway in 1913, debuting in The Misleading Lady, while acting in several plays in New York City, he began to write, his first successful play was The Fall Guy. Abbott acquired a reputation as a show doctor. He frequently was called upon to supervise changes when a show was having difficulties in tryouts or previews prior to its Broadway opening and his first great hit was Broadway, written and directed in partnership with Philip Dunning, whose play Abbott rejiggered. It opened on September 16,1926, at the Broadhurst Theatre, other successes followed, and it was a rare year that did not have an Abbott production on Broadway. He also worked in Hollywood as a writer and director while continuing with his theater work, in 1963, he published his autobiography, Mister Abbott. Abbott was married to Edna Lewis from 1914 to her death in 1930, actress Mary Sinclair was his second wife. Their marriage lasted from 1946 until their 1951 divorce and he had a long romance with actress Maureen Stapleton from 1968 to 1978. She was 43 and he was 81 when they began their affair and his third wife was Joy Valderrama. They were married from 1983 until his death in 1995, Abbott was a vigorous man who remained active past his 100th birthday by golfing and dancing. He died of a stroke on January 31,1995, in Miami Beach, Florida, at the age of 106, he walked down the aisle on opening night of the Damn Yankees revival and received a standing ovation. He was heard saying to his companion, There must be somebody important here.1 In 1965, the building was demolished in 1970. New York Citys George Abbott Way, the section of West 45th Street northwest of Times Square, is named after him. He received New York Citys Handel Medallion in 1976, honorary doctorates from the Universities of Rochester and Miami, and he was also inducted into the Western New York Entertainment Hall of Fame and the American Theatre Hall of Fame
31.
Daviess County, Kentucky
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Daviess County, is a county in the U. S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 96,656 and its county seat is Owensboro, which was named for Colonel Abraham Owen, killed at the Battle of Tippecanoe. The county was formed part of Ohio County on January 14,1815. Daviess County is included in the Owensboro, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, Daviess County also shares its namesake with another nearby Daviess County of Indiana. Both Counties are in the Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky Tri-State Area, Daviess County was established in 1815. The county is named for Major Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, the United States Attorney who unsuccessfully prosecuted Aaron Burr, the courthouse burned in January 1865 during the American Civil War, but because the county records had been transferred to a church they were spared destruction. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 477 square miles. The northern half of the county along the Ohio River is relatively flat, the southern portion is mostly rolling hills mixed with flat valleys. The southern portion was mined for coal in the past, especially in the hills along Panther Creek. The population density was 198 per square mile, there were 38,432 housing units at an average density of 83 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 93. 69% White,4. 35% Black or African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 43% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 44% from other races, and 0. 94% from two or more races. 0. 92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,27. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was out with 25. 80% under the age of 18,9. 00% from 18 to 24,28. 40% from 25 to 44,23. 00% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 92.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.30 males, the median income for a household in the county was $36,813, and the median income for a family was $45,404. Males had an income of $35,295 versus $21,971 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,739, about 9. 40% of families and 12. 30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15. 60% of those under age 18 and 11. 40% of those age 65 or over
32.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
33.
Internet Broadway Database
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The Internet Broadway Database is an online database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel. It was conceived and created by Karen Hauser in 1996 and is operated by the Research Department of The Broadway League, the website also has a corresponding app for both the IOS and Android. This comprehensive history of Broadway provides records of productions from the beginnings of New York theatre in the 18th century up to today, details include cast and creative lists for opening night and current day, song lists, awards and other interesting facts about every Broadway production. Other features of IBDB include an archive of photos from past and present Broadway productions, headshots, links to cast recordings on iTunes or Amazon, gross. Its mission was to be an interactive, user-friendly, searchable database for League members, journalists, researchers, the League recently added Broadway Touring shows to the database for ease of tracking shows that play in theatres across the country. It is managed by Karen Hauser, Michael Abourizk, and Mark Smith of the Broadway League, Internet Theatre Database – ITDb Internet Movie Database – IMDb Internet Book Database – IBookDb Lortel Archives – IOBDb The Broadway League Official website Broadway League website
34.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
35.
OCLC
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The Online Computer Library Center is a US-based nonprofit cooperative organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the worlds information and reducing information costs. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries have to pay for its services, the group first met on July 5,1967 on the campus of the Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization. The group hired Frederick G. Kilgour, a former Yale University medical school librarian, Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. The goal of network and database was to bring libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the worlds information in order to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26,1971 and this was the first occurrence of online cataloging by any library worldwide. Membership in OCLC is based on use of services and contribution of data, between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States. As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside of Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with networks, organizations that provided training, support, by 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on OCLC Members Council, in early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center. OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. org, in October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record. The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988, a browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013, it was replaced by the Classify Service. S. The reference management service QuestionPoint provides libraries with tools to communicate with users and this around-the-clock reference service is provided by a cooperative of participating global libraries. OCLC has produced cards for members since 1971 with its shared online catalog. OCLC commercially sells software, e. g. CONTENTdm for managing digital collections, OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications and these publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organizations website. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, membership Reports – A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding
36.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
37.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
38.
Fred Astaire
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Fred Astaire was an American dancer, singer, actor, choreographer and television presenter. His stage and subsequent film and television careers spanned a total of 76 years, during which he made 31 musical films and several television specials, Astaire was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fifth greatest male star of Classic Hollywood cinema in 100 Years. Gene Kelly, another star in filmed dance, said that the history of dance on film begins with Astaire, later, he asserted that Astaire was the only one of todays dancers who will be remembered. Astaire was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Johanna Ann, Astaires mother was born in the United States to Lutheran German immigrants from East Prussia and Alsace. Astaires father was born in Linz, Austria, to Jewish parents who had converted to Roman Catholicism, Astaires mother dreamed of escaping Omaha by virtue of her childrens talents, after Astaires sister, Adele Astaire, early on revealed herself to be an instinctive dancer and singer. She planned a brother and sister act, which was common in vaudeville at the time, although Astaire refused dance lessons at first, he easily mimicked his older sisters steps and took up piano, accordion, and clarinet. Despite Adele and Freds teasing rivalry, they acknowledged their individual strengths, his durability. Fred and Adeles mother suggested they change their name to Astaire, Family legend attributes the name to an uncle surnamed LAstaire. They were taught dance, speaking, and singing in preparation for developing an act and their first act was called Juvenile Artists Presenting an Electric Musical Toe-Dancing Novelty. Fred wore a top hat and tails in the first half, in an interview, Astaires daughter, Ava Astaire McKenzie, observed that they often put Fred in a top hat to make him look taller. The goofy act debuted in Keyport, New Jersey, in a tryout theater, the local paper wrote, the Astaires are the greatest child act in vaudeville. As a result of their fathers salesmanship, Fred and Adele rapidly landed a contract and played the famed Orpheum Circuit in the Midwest, Western. Soon Adele grew to at least three inches taller than Fred and the pair began to look incongruous. The family decided to take a break from show business to let time take its course and to avoid trouble from the Gerry Society. In 1912, Fred became an Episcopalian, the career of the Astaire siblings resumed with mixed fortunes, though with increasing skill and polish, as they began to incorporate tap dancing into their routines. Astaires dancing was inspired by Bill Bojangles Robinson and John Bubbles Sublett, from vaudeville dancer Aurelio Coccia, they learned the tango, waltz, and other ballroom dances popularized by Vernon and Irene Castle. Some sources state that the Astaire siblings appeared in a 1915 film titled Fanchon, the Cricket, starring Mary Pickford, by age 14, Fred had taken on the musical responsibilities for their act. He first met George Gershwin, who was working as a song plugger for Jerome H. Remicks music publishing company, Fred had already been hunting for new music and dance ideas
39.
Danny Kaye
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David Daniel Kaminsky, better known by his screen name Danny Kaye, was an American actor, singer, dancer, comedian, and musician. His performances featured physical comedy, idiosyncratic pantomimes, and rapid-fire novelty songs, Kaye starred in 17 movies, notably Wonder Man, The Kid from Brooklyn, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, The Inspector General, Hans Christian Andersen, White Christmas, and The Court Jester. His films were popular, especially his performances of songs and favorites such as Inchworm. He was the first ambassador-at-large of UNICEF in 1954 and received the French Legion of Honour in 1986 for his years of work with the organization, david Daniel Kaminsky was born to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants in Brooklyn on January 18,1911. Kaye was the youngest of three born to Jacob and Clara Nemerovsky Kaminsky. Jacob and Clara and their two sons, Larry and Mac, left Dnipropetrovsk two years before his birth, he was the son born in the United States. His mother died when he was in his early teens, not long after his mothers death, Kaye and his friend Louis ran away to Florida. Kaye sang while Louis played the guitar, the pair eked out a living for a while, when Kaye returned to New York, his father did not pressure him to return to school or work, giving his son the chance to mature and discover his own abilities. Kaye said that as a boy he had wanted to be a surgeon. He held a succession of jobs after leaving school, as a jerk, insurance investigator. Most ended with his being fired and he lost the insurance job when he made an error that cost the insurance company $40,000. The dentist who hired him to look after his office at lunch hour did the same when he found Kaye using his drill on the office woodwork and he learned his trade in his teenage years in the Catskills as a tummler in the Borscht Belt. Kayes first break came in 1933 when he joined the Three Terpsichoreans and they opened in Utica, New York, where he used the name Danny Kaye for the first time. The act toured the United States, then performed in Asia with the show La Vie Paree, the troupe left for a six-month tour of the Far East on February 8,1934. While they were in Osaka, Japan, a hit the city. The hotel where Kaye and his colleagues stayed suffered heavy damage, the strong wind hurled a piece of the hotels cornice into Kayes room, had he been hit, he might well have been killed. By performance time that evening, the city was in the grip of the storm, there was no power, and the audience was restless and nervous. To calm them, Kaye went on stage, holding a flashlight to illuminate his face, the experience of trying to entertain audiences who did not speak English inspired him to the pantomime, gestures, songs, and facial expressions that eventually made his reputation
40.
Donald O'Connor
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He is best known today for his role as Don Lockwoods friend and colleague Cosmo Brown in Singin in the Rain. Though he considered Danville, Illinois to be his hometown, O’Connor was born in St. Elizabeth Hospital in Chicago and his parents, Effie Irene and John Edward Chuck OConnor, were vaudeville entertainers. His fathers family was from County Cork, Ireland, when OConnor was only a few years old, he and his sister Arlene were in a car crash outside a theater in Hartford, Connecticut, OConnor survived, but his sister was killed. Several weeks later, his father died of an attack while dancing on stage in Brockton. OConnor at the time was being held in the arms of the theater manager, OConnor began performing in movies in 1937. He appeared opposite Bing Crosby in Sing You Sinners at age 12, Paramount Pictures used him in both A and B films, including Tom Sawyer, Detective and Beau Geste. In 1940, when he had outgrown child roles, he returned to vaudeville, in 1941, O’Connor signed with Universal Pictures, where he began by appearing in seven B-picture musicals in a row, starting with Whats Cookin. and ending with Mister Big. Peggy Ryan and Gloria Jean were in four each, before Mister Big was released, O’Connor’s popularity soared. Universal added $50,000 in musical numbers to the film, on his 18th birthday in August 1943, during World War II OConnor was drafted into the United States Army. Before he reported for induction on Feb.6,1944 and they rushed production to complete three more by that date. With a backlog of seven features, deferred openings kept O’Connor’s screen presence uninterrupted during the two years he was overseas, upon his return, a merger in 1946 had reorganized the studio as Universal-International. In 1949, he played the role in Francis, the story of a soldier befriended by a talking mule. The film was a huge success, as a consequence, his musical career was constantly interrupted by production of one Francis film per year until 1955. OConnor later said the films were fun to make, I had to play straight in order to convince the audience that the mule could talk. In 1952 OConnor signed a deal with Paramount. It was because of the Francis series that OConnor missed playing Bing Crosbys partner in White Christmas, OConnor was unavailable because he contracted an illness transmitted by the mule, and was replaced in the film by Danny Kaye. OConnors role as Cosmo the piano player in Singin in the Rain earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Comedy or Musical, the film featured his memorable rendition of Make Em Laugh. OConnor said he smoked 4 packs of cigarettes a day during filming, OConnor was a regular host of NBCs Colgate Comedy Hour
