1.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
2.
Malibu, California
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Malibu is a beach city in Los Angeles County, California, situated 30 miles west of Downtown Los Angeles. Known for its Mediterranean climate, a 21-mile strip of the Malibu coast incorporated in 1991 into the City of Malibu, the area is known for being the home of Hollywood movie stars, people in the entertainment industry, and other affluent residents. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,645, signs around the city proclaim 27 miles of scenic beauty, referring to the historical 27-mile Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon west to Point Mugu in Ventura County. Most Malibu residents live within a few hundred yards of Pacific Coast Highway, for many residents of the unincorporated canyon areas, Malibu has the closest commercial centers and are included in the Malibu zip codes. The city is bounded by Topanga to the east, the Santa Monica Mountains to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south. Nicknamed the Bu by surfers and locals, beaches along the Malibu coast include Surfrider Beach, Zuma Beach, Malibu Beach, Topanga Beach, Point Dume Beach, County Line and they named it Humaliwo or the surf sounds loudly. The citys name derives from this, as the Hu syllable is not stressed, explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo is believed to have moored at Malibu Lagoon, at the mouth of Malibu Creek, to obtain fresh water in 1542. The Spanish presence returned with the California mission system, and the area was part of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit—a 13 and that ranch passed intact to Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891. Few roads even entered the area before 1929, when the state won another court case, by then May Rindge was forced to subdivide her property and begin selling and leasing lots. In 1926, in an effort to selling land to stave off insolvency. At its height, Malibu Potteries employed over 100 workers, and produced decorative tiles which furnish many Los Angeles-area public buildings, the factory, located one-half mile east of the pier, was ravaged by a fire in 1931. Although the factory reopened in 1932, it could not recover from the effects of the Great Depression. A distinct hybrid of Moorish and Arts and crafts designs, Malibu tile is considered highly collectible. Fine examples of the tiles may be seen at the Adamson House and Serra Retreat, the unfinished building was sold to the Franciscan Order in 1942 and is operated as a retreat facility, Serra Retreat. It burned in the 1970 fire and was using many of the original tiles. Most of the Big Rock Drive area was purchased in 1936 by William Randolph Hearst and he sold the lower half of his holdings there in 1944 to Art Jones. Jones was one of the prominent early realtors in Malibu, starting with the leases of Rindge land in Malibu Colony. He was also the owner/part-owner of the Malibu Inn, Malibu Trading Post, mcAnany Way is named after him
3.
American Film Institute
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The American Film Institute is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the moving picture arts in America. AFI is supported by funding and public membership. The institute is composed of leaders from the film, entertainment, business, a board of trustees chaired by Sir Howard Stringer and a board of directors chaired by Robert A. Daly guide the organization, which is led by President and CEO Bob Gazzale. Prior leaders were founding director George Stevens, Jr. and Jean Picker Firstenberg. <ref>AFI Board of Trustees etc. American Film Institute. October 2014. Retrieved December 24,2014. </ref>Two years later, in 1967, AFI was established, supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Motion Picture Association of America and the Ford Foundation. The institute established a program for filmmakers known then as the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981, the film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory, an accredited graduate school. AFI educates audiences and recognizes excellence through its awards programs and 10 Top 10 Lists. In 1969, the established the AFI Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies at Greystone. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick, Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader, mirroring a professional production environment, Fellows collaborate to make more films than any other graduate level program. Admission to AFI Conservatory is highly selective, with a maximum of 140 graduates per year, in 2013, Emmy and Oscar-winning director, producer and screenwriter James L. Brooks joined AFI as Artistic Director of the AFI Conservatory where he provides leadership for the film program. Brooks artistic role at the AFI Conservatory has a legacy that includes Daniel Petrie, Jr. Robert Wise. Award-winning director Bob Mandel served as Dean of the AFI Conservatory for nine years, jan Schuette took over as Dean in 2014. AFI Conservatorys alumni have careers in film, television and on the web and they have been recognized with all of the major industry awards – Academy Award, Emmy Award, guild awards, and the Tony Award. The AFI Catalog, started in 1968, is a web-based filmographic database, early print copies of this catalog may also be found at your local library. Each year the AFI Awards honor the ten outstanding films and ten outstanding television programs, the awards are a non-competitive acknowledgement of excellence. The Awards are announced in December and a luncheon for award honorees takes place the following January. The juries consisted of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics and historians, with movies selected based on the films popularity over time, historical significance, citizen Kane was voted the greatest American film twice. AFI operates two film festivals, AFI Fest in Los Angeles, and AFI Docs in Silver Spring, Maryland, AFI Fest is the American Film Institutes annual celebration of artistic excellence
4.
University of California, Santa Barbara
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The University of California, Santa Barbara is a public research university and one of the 10 campuses of the University of California system. The main campus is located on a 1, 022-acre site near Goleta, California, tracing its roots back to 1891 as an independent teachers college, UCSB joined the University of California system in 1944 and is the third-oldest general-education campus in the system. UCSB is one of Americas Public Ivy universities, which recognizes top public universities in the United States. The university is a doctoral university and is organized into five colleges. UCSB was ranked 37th among National Universities, 8th among U. S. public universities, the university was also ranked 48th worldwide for 2016-17 by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 42nd worldwide by the Academic Ranking of World Universities in 2016. UC Santa Barbara is a high activity research university with twelve national research centers. UCSB was the No.3 host on the ARPAnet and was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1995, the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos compete in the Big West Conference of the NCAA Division I. The Gauchos have won NCAA national championships in soccer and mens water polo. UCSB traces its origins back to the Anna Blake School which was founded in 1891 and offered training in home economics and industrial arts. The Anna Blake School was taken over by the state in 1909 and became the Santa Barbara State Normal School, the State College system sued to stop the takeover, but the Governor did not support the suit. A state initiative was passed, however, in 1946 to stop subsequent conversions of State Colleges to University of California campuses, from 1944 to 1958 the school was known as Santa Barbara College of the University of California, before taking on its current name. When the vacated Marine Corps training station in Goleta was purchased for the growing college. Originally, the Regents envisioned a small, several thousand-student liberal arts college, chronologically, UCSB is the third general-education campus of the University of California, after Berkeley and UCLA. The original campus the Regents acquired in Santa Barbara was located on only 100 acres of largely unusable land on a seaside mesa, all of this change was done in accordance with the California Master Plan for Higher Education. In 1959, UCSB professor Douwe Stuurman hosted the English writer Aldous Huxley as the universitys first visiting professor, Huxley delivered a lectures series called The Human Situation. In the late 1960s and early 1970s UCSB became nationally known as a hotbed of anti-Vietnam War activity, a bombing at the schools faculty club in 1969 killed the caretaker, Dover Sharp. UCSBs anti-Vietnam activity impelled then Governor Ronald Reagan to impose a curfew, weapon-carrying guardsmen were a common sight on campus and in Isla Vista during this time. On May 23,2014, a killing spree occurred in Isla Vista, California, all six people killed during the rampage were students at UCSB
5.
Los Angeles Music Center
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The Music Center is one of the largest performing arts centers in the United States. Located in downtown Los Angeles, The Music Center is home to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Ahmanson Theater, Mark Taper Forum, each year, The Music Center welcomes more than 1. The center is home to on-going community events, arts festivals, outdoor concerts, participatory arts activities and workshops, in April 1955, Dorothy Chandler, wife of Los Angeles Times publisher Norman Chandler, began fundraising toward a permanent home for the Philharmonic. Ultimately Mrs. Chandler raised almost $20 million in private donations, the rest of the complex was completed in April 1967. The additional venues, the Mark Taper Forum and Ahmanson Theatre, were dedicated on April 19 and 12,1967, respectively. The Mark Taper Forum, scandalizing the power structure of Los Angeles, according to its artistic director Gordon Davidson, the Ahmanson Theatre opened with a performance of the Man of La Mancha by the Civic Light Opera. The first dramatic season at the Ahmanson featured Ingrid Bergman in ONeills More Stately Mansions, the Philharmonic and L. A. Master Chorale joined forces to provide the accompaniment to Eisensteins restored silent film classic Alexander Nevsky. While the Civic Light Operas last season at The Music Center was in 1987 and its productions have included Wagners Tristan and Isolde directed by Jonathan Miller and designed by David Hockney. On Sunday afternoon, May 4,1969, Peace on Earth by Jacques Lipchitz was dedicated and his sculpture portrays a dove descending to earth with the spirit of peace, symbolized by the Madonna standing inside a tear shaped canopy, supported by a base of reclining lambs. Lawrence E. Deutsch and Lloyd Rigler donated $250,000 to commission a work for the fountain, the architects of The Music Center, Welton Becket and Associates, opposed placing sculpture in the plaza between the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion and the Mark Taper Forum. However, after a search, the Art Committee of The Music Center commissioned Lipchitz. Today, no work of art in Los Angeles is more photographed. The Dance Door, a sculpture, was created in 1978 by Robert Graham and donated to The Music Center in 1982 by Frederick. Dance Door consists of an ornamented life-size bronze door, hinged on a bronze frame, the door itself is hollow centered and composed of approximately 7 welded case panels on each side. Abstracted figures of dancers are cast in low relief on the door panels, on October 23,2003 The Music Center opened the Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall, expanding the campus to 11 acres. The 2, 265-seat Concert Hall is home to the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Music Center is governed by a Board of Directors chaired by Lisa Specht. Center President and Chief Operating Officer is Stephen D. Rountree, the County of Los Angeles owns The Music Center and provides funding for its maintenance, operations, grounds-keeping, security and ushers. Revenue from the operation of The Center garage offsets these expenses, the Music Center and the four performing arts companies are responsible for the productions presented in the theatres
6.
California Bar Association
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The State Bar of California is Californias official bar association. It is responsible for managing the admission of lawyers to the practice of law, investigating complaints of professional misconduct and it is directly responsible to the Supreme Court of California. All attorney admissions and disbarments are issued as recommendations of the State Bar, the State Bar was legally established on July 29,1927, when the State Bar Act went into effect. The State Bar of California is the largest in the United States, with 253,306 living members as of February 2015 and it is headquartered in San Francisco, with branch offices in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Article 6, Section 9 of the California Constitution states, The State Bar of California is a public corporation. Every person admitted and licensed to practice law in this State is, the State Bar acts as the administrative arm of the California Supreme Court in matters involving the admission, regulation, and discipline of attorneys. Generally, practicing law in the state of California without being a member of the State Bar is the crime of unauthorized practice of law. S, the State Bars predecessor was a voluntary state bar association known as the California Bar Association. It took almost ten years to establish an integrated bar in California, sullivan, who was also the President of the Bar Association of San Francisco, organized BASF committees to draft and propose appropriate legislation. Both BASF-drafted bills died in the California Legislature, in 1919 and 1921 and that bill died by Governor Friend Richardsons pocket veto. After two more years of lobbying, the CBA tried again, Governor C. C. Young signed the State Bar Act into law on March 16,1927. The State Bar immediately mailed out registration forms to all California attorneys, identification numbers were assigned to each attorney as they registered, notably, State Bar Number 1 went to Chief Justice William H. Waste. By October 1,1927,7,872 lawyers had registered and these lawyers then voted by mail for the State Bars first Board of Governors. On November 17, the State Bar held a dinner at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. By the time the dinner started,9,602 lawyers had registered, the next morning, during the State Bars organization meeting, the CBA yielded to its successor by winding up its affairs and ending its corporate existence. The State Bar of California is one of a number of integrated bar associations where much of its member fee structure must be ratified annually by both the legislature and the governor. Without such annual reauthorization, it can charge California lawyers only $77 per year, in 1990, The U. S. Supreme Court ruled in Keller v. In October 1997, Governor Pete Wilson vetoed the fee authorization bill for that year and he pointed out that Californias bar had the highest annual fee in the country at $478. He also stated that the State Bar had become bloated and inefficient, as a result, the State Bar was forced to lay off 500 of its 700 personnel on June 26,1998
7.
American Jews
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American Jews, also known as Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, either by religion, ethnicity, or nationality. The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews and their US-born descendants, Minority Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a smaller percentage of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, depending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States is home to the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world. In 2012, the American Jewish population was estimated at between 5.5 and 8 million, depending on the definition of the term and this constitutes between 1. 7% and 2. 6% of the total U. S. population. Jews have been present in what is today the United States of America since the mid-17th century, however, they were small in number, with at most 200 to 300 having arrived by 1700. The majority were Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese ancestry, until after 1720 when Ashkenazi Jews from Central, after passage of the Plantation Act of 1740, Jews were specifically permitted to become British citizens and immigrate to the colonies. Until about 1830, Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America and they primarily became merchants and shop-owners. Jewish migration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, as a result of persecution, many Jews also emigrated from Romania. Over 2,000,000 Jews landed between the late 19th century and 1924, when the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration, most settled in the New York metropolitan area, establishing the worlds major concentrations of Jewish population. In 1915 the circulation of the daily Yiddish newspapers was half a million in New York City alone, in addition thousands more subscribed to the numerous weekly papers and the many magazines. American Jewish writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture,500,000 American Jews fought in World War II, and after the war younger families joined the new trend of suburbanization. There, Jews became increasingly assimilated and demonstrated rising intermarriage, more recent waves of Jewish emigration from Russia and other regions have largely joined the mainstream American Jewish community. Americans of Jewish descent have been successful in many fields. Scholars debate whether the historical experience for Jews in the United States has been such a unique experience as to validate American exceptionalism. Korelitz shows how American Jews during the late 19th and early 20th centuries abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition to a cultural or ethnic one can be found in the ‘’Menorah Journal’’ between 1915 and 1925, siporin uses the family folklore of ethnic Jews to their collective history and its transformation into an historical art form. They tell us how Jews have survived being uprooted and transformed, many immigrant narratives bear a theme of the arbitrary nature of fate and the reduced state of immigrants in a new culture. By contrast, ethnic family narratives tend to show the more in charge of his life
8.
Ojai, California
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Ojai is a city in Ventura County in the U. S. state of California. Located in the Ojai Valley, it is northwest of Los Angeles, the valley is about 10 miles long by 3 miles wide, surrounded by hills and mountains. The population was 7,461 at the 2010 census, down from 7,862 at the 2000 census. Ojai is a destination with boutique hotels and recreation opportunities including hiking. It also has small businesses specializing in local and ecologically friendly art, design, and home improvement—such as galleries, chain stores are prohibited by Ojai city law to encourage local small business development and keep the town unique. The origin of the name Ojai has historically been known as derived from a Native American word meaning nest, the citys self-styled nickname is Shangri-La referencing the natural beauty of this health-and-spirituality-focused region. Chumash Indians were the inhabitants of the valley. They called it Ojai, which derives from the Ventureño Chumash word ʼawhaý meaning moon, the area became part of the Rancho Ojai Mexican land grant made to Fernando Tico in 1837, and he established a cattle ranch. Tico sold it in 1853 without much success to prospectors searching for oil, by 1864, the area was settled. The town was out in 1874 by real estate developer R. G. Surdam and named Nordhoff, California, in honor of the writer Charles Nordhoff, leading up to and during World War I, American sentiment became increasingly anti-German. Across the United States, German and German-sounding place names were changed, as part of this trend, Nordhoff was renamed Ojai in 1917. The public high school in Ojai is still named Nordhoff High School, the public junior high school, named Matilija, formerly served as Nordhoff Union High School and still features large tiles with the initials NUHS on the steps of the athletic field. The main turning point in the development of the city was the coming of Edward Libbey and he saw the valley and fell in love, thinking up many plans for expansion and beautification of the existing rustic town. A fire destroyed much of the original western-style downtown Nordhoff—Ojai in 1917, afterwards Libbey helped design, finance, and build a new downtown more in line with the then contemporary taste for Spanish Colonial Revival style architecture. To thank Libbey for his gifts to the town, the proposed a celebration to take place on March 2 of each year. Libbey declined their offer to call it Libbey Day, and instead suggested Ojai Day, the celebration still takes place each year in October. The arcade and bell tower still stand, and have come to serve as symbols of the city, libbeys pergola was destroyed in 1971, after being damaged in an explosion
9.
Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
10.
Columbia Law School
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Columbia Law School is a professional graduate school of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. It is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious law schools in the world and has always ranked in the top five by U. S. News. Columbia is especially known for its strength in corporate law. Columbia Law School was founded in 1858 as the Columbia College Law School and was known for its legal scholarship dating back to the 18th century. Cabinet members and Presidential advisers, U. S. Senators, Representatives, and Governors, according to Columbia Law Schools 2013 ABA-required disclosures, 95% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. The law school was ranked #1 of all law schools nation-wide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2015 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the US, the teaching of law at Columbia reaches back to the 18th century. Columbia College appointed its first professor of law, James Kent, the lectures of Chancellor Kent in the course of four years had developed into the first two volumes of his Commentaries, the second volume being published November 1827. Kent did not, however, succeed in establishing a law school or department in the College, thus, the formal instruction of law as a course of study did not commence until the middle of the 19th century. The Columbia College Law School, as it was officially called, was founded in 1858. The first law school building was a Gothic Revival structure located on Columbias Madison Avenue campus, thereafter, the college became Columbia University and moved north to the neighborhood of Morningside Heights. As Columbia Law Professor Theodore Dwight observed, at its founding the demand for a course of study in law was still speculative. No institution resembling a law school had existed in New York. Legal education was, however, at a low ebb. The clerks in the law offices were left almost wholly to themselves, frequently they were not even acquainted with the lawyers with whom, by a convenient fiction, they were supposed to be studying. In general, the examinations were purely perfunctory, a politician of influence was not readily turned away. Few studied law as a science, many followed it as a trade or as a convenient ladder whereby to rise in a political career, indeed, Columbia Law School was one of the few law schools established in the United States before the Civil War. Jay was fortunate to have attentive supervision because the quality and time of learning the law varied greatly within the profession, the original course of study to obtain a degree consisted of just two years, rather than the modern standard of three. The first lecture in the Law School was delivered on Monday, Nov 1,1858, by Mr. Dwight and it was an introductory lecture, afterwards printed
11.
George Stevens
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George Cooper Stevens was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and cinematographer. Among his most notable films are A Place in the Sun, Shane, Giant and he was born in Oakland, California, and his family included his father Landers Stevens and his mother Georgie Cooper, both stage actors. His uncle was drama critic Ashton Stevens and he also had two brothers, Jack and writer Aston Stevens. He learned about the stage from his parents and worked and toured with them on his path to filmmaking and he broke into the movie business as a cameraman, working on many Laurel and Hardy short films, such as Night Owls. His first feature film was The Cohens and Kellys in Trouble in 1933, in 1934 he got his first directing job, the slapstick Kentucky Kernels. His big break came when he directed Katharine Hepburn in Alice Adams in 1935 and he went on in the late 1930s to direct several Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire movies, not only with the two actors together, but on their own. In 1940, he directed Carole Lombard in Vigil in the Night, and the film has an ending for European audiences in recognition of World War II. During World War II, Stevens joined the U. S. Army Signal Corps and headed a unit from 1943 to 1946. Stevens also helped prepare the Duben and Dachau footage and other material for presentation during the Nuremberg Trials, in 2008, his footage was entered into the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as an essential visual record of World War II. One result of his World War II experiences was that his subsequent films became more dramatic, the motion picture I Remember Mama from 1948 was the last movie that he made with comic scenes. He was responsible for such films as A Place in the Sun, Shane, The Diary of Anne Frank, Giant. He ended his career with the 1970 film The Only Game in Town with Warren Beatty. In the same year, he was head of the jury at the 20th Berlin International Film Festival, in 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival. Stevens was the father of television and film writer-producer-director George Stevens, Jr. the first CEO, George Jr. Stevens died following a heart attack on March 8,1975, on his ranch in Lancaster, California, north of Los Angeles. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, as a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, Stevens headed the U. S. Army Signal Corps unit that filmed the Normandy landings and the liberation of the Dachau concentration camp. For these contributions, he was awarded the Legion of Merit, Stevens has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1701 Vine Street. He won the Academy Award for Best Director twice, in 1951 for A Place in the Sun and he was also nominated in 1943 for The More the Merrier, in 1954 for Shane, and in 1959 for The Diary of Anne Frank. The moving image collection of George Stevens is held at the Academy Film Archive, the film material at the Academy Film Archive is complemented by material in the George Stevens papers at the Academy’s Margaret Herrick Library
12.
George Lucas
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George Walton Lucas Jr. is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur. He is best known as the creator of the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as the founder of Lucasfilm and he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lucasfilm, before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012. Upon graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967, Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with fellow filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola, Lucas wrote and directed THX1138, based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth, THX1138 4EB, which was a critical success but a financial failure. His next work as a writer-director was the film, American Graffiti, inspired by his teen years in early 1960s Modesto, California, the film was critically and commercially successful, and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture. Following the first Star Wars film, Lucas produced and co-wrote the following installments in the trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back, along with Steven Spielberg, Lucas co-created and wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Temple of Doom, and The Last Crusade. Lucas also produced and/or wrote a variety of films through Lucasfilm in the 1980s and 1990s, Lucas also returned to directing with the Star Wars prequel trilogy, consisting of The Phantom Menace, Attack of the Clones, and Revenge of the Sith. He later collaborated on the story for the Indiana Jones sequel Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, five of Lucass seven features are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. Lucas is one of the American film industrys most financially successful filmmakers, Lucas is considered a significant figure in the New Hollywood era. Lucas was born and raised in Modesto, California, the son of Dorothy Ellinore Lucas and George Walton Lucas and he is of German, Swiss-German, English, Scottish, and distant Dutch and French descent. Growing up, Lucas had a passion for cars and motor racing, on June 12,1962, while driving his souped-up Autobianchi Bianchina, another driver broadsided him, flipping over his car, nearly killing him, causing him to lose interest in racing as a career. He attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied anthropology, sociology and he also began shooting with an 8 mm camera, including filming car races. At this time, Lucas and his friend John Plummer became interested in Canyon Cinema, screenings of underground, avant-garde 16 mm filmmakers like Jordan Belson, Stan Brakhage, and Bruce Conner. Lucas and Plummer also saw classic European films of the time, including Jean-Luc Godards Breathless, François Truffauts Jules et Jim, thats when George really started exploring, Plummer said. Through his interest in racing, Lucas met renowned cinematographer Haskell Wexler, another race enthusiast. Wexler, later to work with Lucas on several occasions, was impressed by Lucas talent, George had a very good eye, and he thought visually, he recalled. Lucas then transferred to the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts, USC was one of the earliest universities to have a school devoted to motion picture film. During the years at USC, Lucas shared a room with Randal Kleiser. Along with classmates such as Walter Murch, Hal Barwood, and John Milius and he also became good friends with fellow acclaimed student filmmaker and future Indiana Jones collaborator, Steven Spielberg
13.
THX 1138
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THX1138 is a 1971 American social science fiction film directed by George Lucas in his feature film directorial debut. THX1138 was developed from Lucass student film Electronic Labyrinth, THX1138 4EB, the feature film was produced in a joint venture between Warner Bros. and Francis Ford Coppolas production company, American Zoetrope. A novelization by Ben Bova was published in 1971, emotions, coitus, and the concept of family are a taboo. Everyone is clad in uniforms and has shaven heads to emphasize equality, except the police androids. Instead of names, people have designations – reminiscent of licence plates – with three letters and four digits, shown on an identity badge worn at all times. At their jobs in central video CCTV control centers, SEN5241, LUH has a male roommate, THX1138, who works in a factory producing android police officers. On the way home, he stops at a booth in a row of many. A soothing voice greets THX, and OMM ends every confession with a salutation, You are a true believer, blessings of the State. Work hard, increase production, prevent accidents and be happy, at home, THX takes his drugs, and watches holo-broadcasts while engaging with a masturbatory device. LUH secretly substitutes pills in her possession for THXs medications, whereupon THX eventually suffers physical discomfort along with mental/emotional changes, the drug substitution also leads to LUH and THX becoming involved romantically, resulting in the two engaging in intercourse. THX later is confronted by SEN, who arranges THX as his new roommate, without drugs in his system, THX falters during a critical and hazardous phase of his job, and a control center engages a mind lock on THX which raises the level of danger. After the release of the lock, THX makes the necessary correction to that work phase. THX enjoys a reunion with LUH, disrupted shortly after she reveals her pregnancy. At THXs trial, THX is sentenced to prison, alongside SEN, most of the prisoners seem uninterested in escape, but eventually THX and SEN find an exit, they are later joined by hologram SRT5752, who starred in the holo-broadcasts. During the escape, THX and SRT are separated from SEN, SEN eventually escapes to an area reserved for the monks of OMM, where a lone monk notices that SEN has no identification badge. SEN attacks him and later wanders into an area, strikes up a conversation with children. THX and SRT steal two cars, but SRT crashes his into a concrete pillar, pursued by two police androids on motorcycles, THX flees to the limits of the city and escapes into a ventilation shaft. It is then revealed that the city is entirely underground, from the 1969 incarnation of American Zoetrope
14.
Star Wars (film)
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Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. The first installment in the Star Wars film series, it stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew co-star in supporting roles. The plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia, and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empires space station and this conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker, who inadvertently acquires a pair of droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star. Star Wars was released theatrically in the United States on May 25,1977 and it earned $461 million in the U. S. and $314 million overseas, totaling $775 million. It surpassed Jaws to become the film of all time until the release of E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial. When adjusted for inflation, Star Wars is the film in North America. It received ten Academy Award nominations, winning seven and it was among the first films to be selected as part of the U. S. Library of Congress National Film Registry as being culturally, historically, at the time, it was the most recent film on the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s. Its soundtrack was added to the U. S. National Recording Registry in 2004, today, it is often regarded as one of the best films of all time, as well as one of the most important films in the history of motion pictures. It launched an industry of tie-in products, including TV series spinoffs, novels, comic books, and video games, the films success led to two critically and commercially successful sequels, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, followed by a trilogy beginning in 2015. In 2016, Rogue One was released as a prequel to the original Star Wars film. The galaxy is in the midst of a civil war, spies for the Rebel Alliance have stolen plans to the Galactic Empires Death Star, a heavily armed space station capable of destroying an entire planet. Rebel leader Princess Leia has the plans, but her ship is captured by Imperial forces under the command of the evil Darth Vader, before she is captured, Leia hides the plans in the memory of an astromech droid, R2-D2, along with a holographic recording. R2-D2 flees to the surface of the desert planet Tatooine with C-3PO, the droids are captured by Jawa traders, who sell them to moisture farmers Owen and Beru Lars and their nephew Luke Skywalker. While cleaning R2-D2, Luke accidentally triggers part of Leias message, the next morning, Luke finds R2-D2 searching for Obi-Wan, and meets Ben Kenobi, an old hermit who lives in the hills and reveals himself to be Obi-Wan. Contrary to his uncles statements, Luke learns that his father, Anakin, Obi-Wan tells Luke that Vader was his former pupil who turned to the dark side of the Force and killed Anakin. Obi-Wan then presents to Luke his fathers weapon – a lightsaber, Obi-Wan views Leias complete message, in which she begs him to take the Death Star plans to her home planet of Alderaan and give them to her father for analysis
15.
Indiana Jones (franchise)
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The Indiana Jones franchise is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Indiana Jones, Jr. a fictional archaeologist. It began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark, a prequel, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, followed in 1984, and a sequel, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, was released in 1989. A fourth film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, was released in 2008, the series was created by George Lucas, the films star Harrison Ford and are directed by Steven Spielberg. The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm, a fifth film is planned for release on July 19,2019, with both Spielberg and Ford returning. Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982. The first film, Raiders of the Lost Ark is set in 1936, Indiana Jones is hired by government agents to locate the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis. The Nazis have teams searching for artifacts, including the Ark. The Nazis are being helped by Indianas nemesis René Belloq, with the help of his old flame Marion Ravenwood and Sallah, Indiana manages to recover the Ark in Egypt. The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion, Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, they are all killed gruesomely by the Arks wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark to the United States, the second film, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is set in 1935, a year before Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott, the trio crash-land in India, where they come across a village whose children have been kidnapped. A destructive cult led by Mola Ram has also taken the holy Sankara Stones, Indiana manages to overcome Mola Rams evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. Indiana and his friend Marcus Brody are assigned by American businessman Walter Donovan to find the Holy Grail and they are teamed up with Dr. Elsa Schneider, following on from where Indianas estranged father Henry left off before he disappeared. It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, however, Indiana recovers his fathers diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana, the fourth film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is set in 1957, nineteen years after The Last Crusade, thus acknowledging the real-life passing of years between films. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure and he races against agents of the Soviet Union, led by Irina Spalko for a crystal skull. His journey takes him across Nevada, Connecticut, Peru, in 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith. Like Star Wars, it was an opportunity to create a version of the movie serials of the 1930s and 1940s
16.
Superman in film
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The fictional character Superman, an American comic book superhero in DC Comics publications, has appeared in movies almost since his inception. He debuted in cinemas in a series of animated shorts beginning in 1941, an independent studio, Lippert Pictures, released the first Superman feature film, Superman and the Mole Men, starring George Reeves, in 1951. Ilya and Alexander Salkind and Pierre Spengler purchased the Superman film rights in 1974, after numerous scripts, Richard Donner was hired to direct the film, filming Superman and Superman II simultaneously. Donner had already shot eighty percent of Superman II with Christopher Reeve before it was decided to finish shooting the first film, the Salkinds fired Donner after Supermans release, and commissioned Richard Lester as the director to finish Superman II. Ilya Salkind commissioned a fifth Superman script before Warner Bros. acquired the rights entirely in 1993, the studio hired Bryan Singer to take over the franchise in 2004, releasing Superman Returns in 2006, which starred newcomer Brandon Routh. Donners directors cut for Superman II was also released that year, despite positive reviews, Warner Bros. was disappointed with the financial performance of Superman Returns, and canceled Singers proposed sequel. Henry Cavill reprised the role of Superman in 2016 with Batman v Superman, Superman first appeared in cinemas in a series of 17 theatrical animated shorts from between 1941 and 1943. They were released by Paramount Pictures, of those seventeen, nine were produced by Fleischer Studios and further eight by its successor, Famous Studios. The first appearances of Superman in live-action film were in two serials for Columbia Pictures, Superman in 1948 and Atom Man vs. Superman in 1950, Superman and the Mole Men is a 1951 superhero film starring George Reeves as Superman and Phyllis Coates as Lois Lane. The film was produced by Barney Sarecky and directed by Lee Sholem with the screenplay by Richard Fielding. Shot on a low budget, it served as a run for the syndicated TV series Adventures of Superman. In 1973, producer Ilya Salkind convinced his father Alexander to buy the rights to Superman and they hired Mario Puzo to pen a two-film script, and negotiated with Steven Spielberg to direct, though Alexander Salkind rejected him as Jaws went over budget. Marlon Brando and Gene Hackman signed on to play Jor-El and Lex Luthor respectively, however, Brando was faced with an obscenity lawsuit in Italy over Last Tango in Paris, and Hamilton was unable to shoot in England as he had violated his tax payments. The Salkinds hired Richard Donner to direct the film, Donner hired Tom Mankiewicz to polish the script, giving it a serious feel with Christ-like overtones. Christopher Reeve was cast as Superman, having failed to impress the Salkinds before bulking up. Brando meanwhile, despite spending less than two weeks on the shoot, and not even reading the script until then, earned $3.7 million up front, shooting of the two films was marred by Donners bad relationship with the Salkinds, with Richard Lester acting as mediator. With the film going over-budget, the decided to temporarily cease production of II. Despite Supermans success, Donner did not return to finish Superman II, and it was completed with Lester, the Salkinds also cut Brando for financial reasons, while John Williams quit as composer due to turning his attention to other projects
17.
MCA Inc.
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MCA, Inc. was an American media company. Initially starting in the business, the company next became a dominant force in the film business. MCA, Inc. is the predecessor of NBCUniversal, which since March 2013 is a wholly owned subsidiary of Comcast. MCA was formed in 1924 by Jules Stein and William R. Goodheart, Jr. as Music Corporation of America, MCA helped pioneer modern practices of touring bands and name acts. Early on, MCA booked such prominent artists as King Oliver and Jelly Roll Morton for clubs and speakeasies run by legendary notorious Chicago mobsters such as Al Capone and others. Lew Wasserman joined MCA in 1936 at the age of 23 and rose through the ranks of MCA for more than four decades, Wasserman helped create MCAs radio show, Kay Kyser and His Kollege of Musical Knowledge, which debuted on NBC Radio that same year. Following that success, Stein installed Wasserman in New York City in 1937, the company was guided by a codification of Steins pet policies known as The Rules of The Road. The Rules were passed down from the Prohibition era, Chicago–area MCA to the 1940s Los Angeles–area firm, which focused on representing movie actors. The Rules were next passed to the 1950s generation of MCA talent agents, including Jerry Perenchio, Perenchio is well known for his version of the Rules, which vary from year to year and have some internal contradictions. Its aggressive acquisition of its clientele in all entertainment sectors earned MCA the nickname of The Octopus and this behavior led U. S. Department of Justice agents to investigate not only whether MCA was a monopoly breaking anti-trust laws, but also its suspected connections to underworld criminal activities. This investigation continued for the few decades. In 1948, Jules Stein moved up as MCAs first chairman and that year, Stein and Wasserman decided to get into a new medium that would, decades later, change the entertainment landscape forever, television. Although many motion picture studios would not touch this new medium, thinking it was just a fad and would fade away, MCA decided to embrace it. First, however, the company needed to get a waiver from the Screen Actors Guild, thanks to the newly elected SAG president, Ronald Reagan, MCA was granted a waiver to start producing TV shows. After the waiver was granted, the company formed MCA Television Limited for syndication, prior to 1958, all Revues shows were filmed at the old Republic Pictures studio lot in Studio City, California. In February 1958, MCA acquired Paramount Pictures pre-1950 sound feature film library through a newly created MCA subsidiary, EMKA, Ltd. Also in 1958, MCA bought the 423-acre Universal Studios lot from Universal Pictures for $11 million and renamed it, as well as the television unit. Stein, who by this time was the owner of MCA, decided to take the company public by giving 51% of his ownership of MCA to his employees
18.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
19.
Jurassic Park (film)
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Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science-fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen. The first installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, it is based on the 1990 novel of the name by Michael Crichton, with a screenplay written by Crichton. Before Crichtons novel was published, four put in bids for the film rights. With the backing of Universal Studios, Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5 million before publication in 1990, Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novels exposition and violence and made numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii between August and November 1992, and post-production rolled until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindlers List. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic and it was well received by critics, who praised its special effects, John Williams musical score, and Spielbergs direction. The film won more than twenty awards, including three Academy Awards for its achievements in visual effects and sound design. A fifth installment is scheduled for a 2018 release, industrialist John Hammond and his bioengineering company, InGen, have created a theme park called Jurassic Park on Isla Nublar, a Costa Rican island, populated with cloned dinosaurs. After one of the dinosaur handlers is killed by a Velociraptor, Gennaro invites mathematician Ian Malcolm, while Hammond invites paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant and paleobotanist Dr. Ellie Sattler. Upon arrival, the group is stunned to see a live Brachiosaurus, at the parks visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting dinosaur DNA from mosquitoes that had been preserved in amber. DNA from frogs was used to fill in gaps in the dinosaur genomes, to prevent breeding, all the dinosaurs were made female. Malcolm scoffs at the idea of controlled breeding, declaring it impossible. The crew witness the birth of a raptor and visit the raptor enclosure. During a luncheon, the debates the ethics of cloning. The group is joined by Hammonds grandchildren, Lex and Tim Murphy, for a tour of the park. The tour does not go as planned, with most of the failing to appear. The tour is cut short as a storm approaches Isla Nublar. Most of the park employees depart on a boat for the mainland and the return to their electric tour vehicles, except Ellie
20.
Back to the Future
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Back to the Future is a 1985 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mothers romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett Doc Brown, Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985. Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale mused upon whether he would have befriended his father if they had attended school together, various film studios rejected the script until the financial success of Zemeckis Romancing the Stone. Zemeckis approached Steven Spielberg, who agreed to produce the project at Amblin Entertainment, the first choice for the role of Marty McFly was Michael J. Fox. However, he was filming his television series Family Ties. Consequently, Eric Stoltz was cast in the role, during filming, Stoltz and the filmmakers decided that the role was miscast, and Fox was again approached for the part. Now with more flexibility in his schedule and the blessing of his shows producers, Fox managed to out a timetable in which he could give enough time. Back to the Future was released on July 3,1985, grossing over $381 million worldwide, ronald Reagan even quoted the film in his 1986 State of the Union Address. Teenager Marty McFly is an aspiring musician dating girlfriend Jennifer Parker in Hill Valley and his father George is bullied by his supervisor, Biff Tannen, while his mother Lorraine is an overweight, depressed alcoholic. While dissatisfied with Martys relationship with Jennifer, Lorraine recalls how she met George when her father hit him with a car, on October 26,1985, Marty meets his scientist friend, Dr. Emmett Brown, at a shopping mall parking lot. Doc unveils a time machine built from a modified DeLorean and powered by plutonium stolen from Libyan terrorists, Doc demonstrates the navigation system with the example date of November 5,1955, the day he conceived the machine. A moment later, the Libyans arrive and shoot him, apparently killing him, Marty escapes in the DeLorean, but inadvertently activates the time machine, and arrives in 1955 without the required plutonium needed to return. There, Marty encounters the teenage George, who is bullied by classmate Biff, after Marty saves George from an oncoming car and is knocked unconscious, he awakens to find himself tended by an infatuated Lorraine. Marty leaves and tracks down Docs younger self to help him return to 1985, with no plutonium, Doc explains that the only power source capable of generating the necessary 1.21 gigawatts of electrical power for the time machine is a bolt of lightning. Marty shows Doc a flyer from the future that recounts a lightning strike at the courthouse the coming Saturday night. Marty realizes that he has prevented his parents from meeting and Doc warns Marty that he will be erased from existence if he not find a way to introduce George to Lorraine. Doc formulates a plan to harness the power of the lightning while Marty sets about introducing his parents, when Lorraine asks Marty to the upcoming school dance, Marty plans to have George rescue Lorraine from Martys inappropriate advances
21.
Do the Right Thing
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Do the Right Thing is a 1989 American comedy-drama film produced, written, and directed by Spike Lee, who also played the part of Mookie in the film. Other members of the cast include Danny Aiello, Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, Richard Edson, Giancarlo Esposito, Bill Nunn, John Turturro and it is also notably the feature film debut of both Martin Lawrence and Rosie Perez. The movie tells the story of a Brooklyn neighborhoods simmering racial tension and it is often listed among the greatest films of all time. Mookie is a 25-year-old black man living in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn with his sister and he and his girlfriend, Tina, have a son. Hes a pizza delivery man at the pizzeria, but lacks ambition. Sal, the pizzerias Italian-American owner, has been in the neighborhood for twenty-five years and his older son Pino intensely dislikes blacks, and does not get along with Mookie. Pino is at odds with his younger brother Vito, who is friendly with Mookie, while at Sals, Mookies trouble-making b-boyish friend, Buggin Out, questions Sal about his Wall of Fame, a wall decorated with photos of famous Italian-Americans. Buggin Out demands that Sal put up pictures of black celebrities since Sals pizzeria is in a black neighborhood, Sal replies that he doesnt need to feature anyone but Italians as it is his restaurant. Buggin Out attempts to start a protest over the Wall of Fame, only Radio Raheem and Smiley support him. During the day, the heat and tensions begin to rise, the local teenagers open a fire hydrant and douse the street, before police officers intervene. Mookie and Pino begin arguing over race, which leads to a series of scenes in which the characters spew racial insults into the camera, Pino and Sal talk about the neighborhood, with Pino expressing his hatred, and Sal insisting that he is not leaving. Sal almost fires Mookie, but Jade intervenes, before Mookie confronts her for being too close to Sal and that night, Buggin Out, Radio Raheem, and Smiley march into Sals and demand that Sal change the Wall of Fame. Raheems boombox is blaring and Sal demands that they turn the radio off, Buggin Out calls Sal and sons guineas while saying that theyre closing down the pizzeria for good until they change the Wall of Fame. Sal, in a fit of frustration, tells him he will tear his nigger ass, Raheem attacks Sal, leading to a huge violent fight that spills out into the street, attracting a crowd. While Radio Raheem is choking Sal, the police arrive and they break up the fight and apprehend Radio Raheem and Buggin Out. Despite the pleas of his officers and the onlookers, one officer refuses to release his chokehold on Raheem. Realizing that Raheem has been killed in front of onlookers, the place his body in the back of a squad car, and drive off, leaving Sal, Pino. The onlookers, enraged about Radio Raheems death, blame Sal, Mookie grabs a trash can and throws it through the window of Sals pizzeria, sparking the crowd to rush into the restaurant and destroy it, with Smiley finally setting it on fire
22.
Backdraft (film)
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Backdraft is a 1991 American drama thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by Gregory Widen. The film stars Kurt Russell, William Baldwin, Scott Glenn, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Rebecca De Mornay, Donald Sutherland, Robert De Niro, Jason Gedrick and it is about Chicago firefighters on the trail of a serial arsonist. The film grossed $77.9 million domestically and $74.5 million in markets, for a total gross of $152.4 million. The film received three Academy Award nominations, two firefighters of Engine 17 of the Chicago Fire Department are brothers. Lt. Stephen Bull McCaffrey, the elder, is experienced, Brian returns to firefighting after a number of other careers falter, though Stephen has doubts that Brian is fit to be a firefighter. In 1971, Brian witnessed the death of their father, Captain Dennis McCaffrey. The longest serving of all the men at Engine 17, John Axe Adcox and he attacks fires head on, but is concerned about Stephens unorthodox methods and disregard for safety procedures. Helen McCaffrey is Stephens estranged wife and the mother of their son, helen has grown fearful of Stephens dedication to firefighting and the risks he takes. While they are still in love, she separated from Stephen to protect herself, Martin Swayzak is an alderman on the Chicago City Council. Swayzak hopes to be elected mayor, but has made cuts to the fire department. Many of the rank and file firemen believe the cuts are endangering firefighters lives, Fire Department Captain Donald Shadow Rimgale is a dedicated arson investigator and veteran firefighter. He is called in because a number of recent fires resemble fires committed by pyromaniac Ronald Bartel, Brian is reassigned as his assistant after a falling out with Stephen. Rimgale manipulates Bartels obsession with fire to ensure Bartels annual parole application is rejected, when Engine 17 answers a call in a high-rise, Stephen urges them to move in quickly to take out the fire despite Adcoxs advice to wait for back-up. Brians friend and fellow trainee, Tim Krizminski, opens a door only to be met by a backdraft and his face is burned beyond recognition, but he survives. Adcox and Brian both blame Tims condition on Stephens reckless tactics, Rimgale and Brian go to Swayzaks home to confront him but interrupt a masked man about to set the place alight. The latter attacks them with a flashlight but is burned by a socket on his back. Rimgale saves Brian and Swayzak from the house but is injured in an explosion, in his hospital bed, Rimgale tells Brian to visit Ronald again. Ronald helps Brian realize that only a firefighter would be so careful as to not let the backdraft fires rage out of control
23.
Twins (1988 film)
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Twins is a 1988 American buddy film produced and directed by Ivan Reitman about unlikely twins who were separated at birth. The core of the film is the contrast between DeVitos streetwise persona matched with Schwarzeneggers intellectual persona, the original music score was composed by Georges Delerue and Randy Edelman. The film was a success, earning $11 million on its opening weekend. Julius Benedict and Vincent Benedict are fraternal twins, the result of an experiment carried out at a genetics laboratory to combine the DNA of six fathers to produce the perfect child. To the surprise of the scientists, the split and twins were born. The mother, Mary Ann Benedict, was told that Julius died at birth, Vincent was placed in an orphanage run by nuns in Los Angeles and believes his mother abandoned him. With no one but himself to rely on, Vincent escaped from the orphanage and became an indebted, Julius was raised on a South Pacific island by Professor Werner, where he engages in intense physical training and extensive study. Each twin is unaware of the others existence, on Juliuss 35th birthday, Julius discovers he has a twin brother. With Professor Werners blessing, Julius proceeds to the United States to find his brother, Julius discovers that Vincent lives in L. A. and eventually tracks him down in jail for unpaid parking tickets. Julius bails Vincent out, but Vincent does not believe his story, Julius pursues Vincent to his workplace and finds him being beaten up by Morris Klane, a loan shark enforcer. Julius subdues Morris, earning Vincents trust and respect and he later meets Vincents girlfriend Linda Mason and enters a romantic relationship with her sister Marnie. Julius tracks one of their six fathers to the address on the document, the father directs Julius to Mitchell Traven in New Mexico, the other professor who headed the experiment. Vincent decides to pose as the man and deliver the fuel injector himself so he can collect the money. He reluctantly allows Julius, Linda and Marnie to accompany him to New Mexico to find professor Traven, mr. Webster, the real delivery man, begins pursuing Vincent. In New Mexico, Traven reveals the truth to the twins and directs them to Santa Fe, on the way to Santa Fe, the twins are accosted by the Klane brothers, but they fight them off for the last time. At the art colony in Santa Fe, a painter informs Julius and they leave, unaware that the painter is in fact their mother, Mary Ann, who didnt believe their story. Vincent bitterly heads to Houston alone to deliver the prototype to McKinley, leaving Julius, Julius chases after Vincent, and finds him seconds after the exchange with McKinley. Webster appears and kills McKinley, demanding the money from Vincent, Julius intercepts Webster in order for Vincent to escape, but Vincent returns and agrees to give Webster the money to save Julius
24.
Cape Fear (1991 film)
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Cape Fear is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Martin Scorsese and a remake of the 1962 film of the same name. It stars Robert De Niro, Nick Nolte, Jessica Lange, and Juliette Lewis, and features cameos from Gregory Peck, Robert Mitchum, and Martin Balsam and it was Pecks final theatrical film. The film was acclaimed and received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor. Sam Bowden is a lawyer in the vicinity of Wilmington, North Carolina, Max Cady is a former client whom Bowden defended 14 years earlier when he was working as a public defender in Atlanta. Cady was tried for the violent rape and battery of a young woman, Bowden, appalled by Cadys crime, buried evidence that might have lightened Cadys sentence or even secured his acquittal. Cady subsequently studied law in prison and assumed his own defense, after his release from prison, Cady tracks down Bowden and hints he has learned about Bowden burying the report. Several incidents involving Cady impact the Bowden family, which consists of Bowdens wife Leigh, Bowden attempts to have Cady arrested, but police lieutenant Elgart, says there is no evidence of a crime. At a bar, Cady meets Lori Davis, a colleague of Bowden with whom she might be having a love affair, at her house, Cady cuffs her hands behind her back, breaks her arm and rapes her. Lori refuses to press charges, ashamed of what happened, Bowden hires private investigator Claude Kersek to follow Cady. Cady next approaches Danielle at her school by impersonating her new drama teacher, Bowden warns him to leave his family and him alone or suffer the consequences. Cady secretly tapes the conversation with a hidden recorder, Kersek persuades Bowden to hire three men to beat Cady and intimidate him, but as Bowden watches from a hiding place, Cady turns the tide on his attackers and viciously beats them. Cady uses the recording of Bowdens threat and a display of his own injuries to file for a restraining order against Bowden. Cadys new lawyer, Lee Heller, files a complaint with the North Carolina State Bar, Kersek reasons that Cady may try to enter the Bowden house during Bowdens appearance at a bar hearing out of town. They fake Bowdens departure and hide in the house, hoping that Cady will break in so that he can be shot in self-defense, Cady kills Kersek and the housekeeper before escaping. Bowden, Leigh, and Danielle discover the bodies, horrified, they flee to their houseboat, which is docked upstate along Cape Fear. Cady follows them by tying himself to the chassis of their car and he attacks the family on the boat, beating and tying up Bowden, and prepares to rape Leigh and Danielle while making Bowden watch. Danielle sprays Cady with lighter fluid while he lights a cigar, engulfing him in flames, however, Cady clings to a rope and pulls himself back on board. As the boat is rocked by a violent thunderstorm, a badly burned Cady confronts Bowden with a mock trial, the storm knocks him off his feet, allowing Bowden to gain the upper hand once the women make it to shore
25.
Parenthood (film)
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The film was directed by Ron Howard, who assisted in developing the story with screenwriters Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel. Much of it is based on the family and parenting experiences of Howard, Ganz, Mandel, and producer Brian Grazer, principal photography was filmed in and around Orlando, Florida with some scenes filmed at the University of Florida. It was nominated for two Academy Awards, Dianne Wiest for Best Supporting Actress and Randy Newman for Best Song for I Love to See You Smile, the film was adapted into a NBC television series on two separate occasions, in 1990 and again in 2010. While the first series was cancelled after one season, the series ran for six seasons. Gil Buckman, a sales executive, is trying to balance his family. When his wife, Karen, becomes pregnant with their fourth child, Gil is also frustrated and fearful that the financial burdens of another child and office politics at work are turning him into the detached workaholic he despised his own father, Frank, for being. Humbled by family and work issues, Gil opens up to Frank about his doubts as a parent, Frank tells him that he worries too much, and the two have a reconciliation of sorts with Frank telling Gil that worry for ones children never ends. When a hired cowboy character fails to show up at his sons party, Gil dresses as a cowboy himself. His sister, Helen, is a bank manager whose ex-husband wants nothing to do with their children, Garry. Garry, who has just entered puberty, is quiet, withdrawn, at first Helen worries that the bag contains drugs or alcohol, but it actually contains pornography. Julie is still in school, but is not interested in her education. She and her boyfriend, Tod, get married, Julie becomes pregnant, when Helen asks Tod to talk with Garry, Tod is able to reassure Garry that his obsession with girls and sex is normal for a boy his age, something that is a relief to Garry. This also increases Helens respect for Tod, eventually she supports Tod and her daughters relationship to the extent that when Julie wants to break up with him, Helen orders her to face her fears and to support him. Gils other sister, Susan, is a school teacher married to a scientist. They have a daughter, Patty. Susan wants more children, but Nathan is more interested in their daughters cognitive development, Susan lashes out by compromising her diaphragm as a plan to get pregnant against Nathans wishes. She eventually gets so frustrated that she leaves him, Nathan eventually comes to one of her classes and serenades her to win her back, promising her he will try to change. Susan agrees to back home
26.
The Flintstones (film)
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The Flintstones is a 1994 American buddy comedy film directed by Brian Levant and written by Tom S. Parker, Jim Jennewein, and Steven E. de Souza. It is a adaptation of the 1960s animated television series of the same name. The B-52s performed their version of the theme song. Fred Flintstone loans his best friend and neighbor Barney Rubble money so that he and his wife Betty can adopt a child named Bamm-Bamm, who can only pronounce his own name. Although the child is initially difficult to due to being raised by mastodons, as well as having super strength. Barney vows to repay his friend, despite his mother-in-law Pearl Slaghooples objections, Freds wife Wilma remains supportive of his decision. Cliff holds an aptitude test, where the worker with the highest mark will become the new president of the company. Barney gets the highest score but he switches his paper with Fred, Fred receives the promotion, but his first order is to dismiss Barney, since Barney now effectively has the lowest score. Fred accepts, but does his best to help Barney support his family, however, Freds job and newfound wealth put a strain on his relationships with Wilma and the Rubbles. Cliff eventually tricks Fred into dismissing the workers, over the objections of his office Dictabird, later, Barney confronts Fred after seeing worker riots on the news revealing that he switched tests with Fred and the Rubbles move out, despite having nowhere to live. Wilma and Pebbles also move out to her mothers house, leaving Fred behind. Fred goes to the quarry and realizes his mistake and Cliffs plan, a manhunt for Fred ensues by the police and the workers. Wilma and Betty see this on the news, and break into Slate and Co. to get the Dictabird and they are, however, unaware that Cliff saw them from his office window. As Fred attempts to enter a cave where the workers are seeking refuge, they see through his disguise, Barney is almost hanged as well after he admits his part. Fred and Barney reconcile, but before they can be hanged, Wilma and Betty arrive with the Dictabird, the workers release Fred and Barney. Cliff kidnaps Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm and demands the Dictabird in exchange for the safe return. Fred and Barney confront Cliff at the quarry, where Cliff has tied Pebbles, though they hand him the Dictabird, Cliff activates the machine to stall them. Barney rescues the children while Fred destroys the machine, the Dictabird escapes from Cliff and lures him back to the quarry, where Miss Stone knocks him out, having had a change of heart after learning that Cliff was planning to betray her
27.
Kindergarten Cop
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Kindergarten Cop is an American crime comedy-drama film, released to cinemas in the United States on December 22,1990, directed by Ivan Reitman, distributed by Universal Pictures. While undercover, Kimble discovers his passion for teaching and considers changing his profession to become an educator, pamela Reed plays his partner, Phoebe OHara, and Penelope Ann Miller plays Joyce, the teacher who becomes his love interest. The original music score was composed by Randy Edelman, the film was released in the United Kingdom on February 1,1991, and topped the countrys box office that weekend. Accompanied by detective and former teacher Phoebe OHara, Kimble goes undercover in Astoria, Oregon, the detectives plan to offer her immunity in exchange for testifying against Crisp in court. To find Crisps former wife, OHara is to act as the teacher in Cullen Jr. s kindergarten class at Astoria Elementary School. Unfortunately, the hypoglycemic OHara gets a case of stomach flu and falls ill at the last moment. The suspicious school principal Miss Schlowski is convinced Kimble will not last long before quitting, though overwhelmed at first, Kimble adapts to his new status, despite not having any formal teaching experience or training. In turn, Kimble begins to like his job and considers changing his career. He also deals with a case of abuse, eventually punishing Zach Sullivans father for abusing his son. She witnesses his teaching style throughout and assures him that though she does not agree with his methods, Kimble becomes fond of his student Dominics mother Joyce Palmieri, who also works at the school. Joyce is estranged from her husband and will not speak of him, after a series of conversations with the gradually more trusting Joyce, Kimble slowly deduces that she is Rachel Crisp and that Dominic is Cullen Jr. Back in California, the witness to the informants murder dies after using spiked cocaine provided by Crisps mother Eleanor, Crisp is liberated from prison and immediately travels to Astoria with his mother to search for Dominic. Once at the school, Crisp starts a fire in the library in order to get to Dominic. Luckily, Kimbles ferret bites Crisp on the neck, allowing Dominic to escape, Crisp shoots Kimble in the leg, then Kimble fatally shoots Crisp. Eleanor also wounds Kimble in the shoulder and discovers her dead son, Eleanor is arrested, while the unconscious Kimble is hospitalized. Some time later Kimble returns to the school and the kindergarteners cheer as he, in contrast with his partner, Kimble hates his career as a police officer, As it has destroyed his relationship with his family and caused his divorce. Penelope Ann Miller as Joyce Palmieri/Rachel Myatt Crisp, a teacher whom Kimble falls for and she has a young son, Dominic, who is in Kimbles kindergarten class. Pamela Reed as Detective Phoebe OHara, Kimbles partner and a school teacher who gets food poisoning, forcing Kimble to cover for her on the assignment
28.
Beethoven (film)
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Beethoven is a 1992 family comedy film, directed by Brian Levant and starring Charles Grodin and Bonnie Hunt as George and Alice Newton. The film is the first in the series of Beethoven films and it was written by John Hughes and Amy Holden Jones. The story centers on a St. Bernard dog named after the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, joseph Gordon-Levitt made his film debut as Student #1. It features music composed by Ludwig van Beethoven, the film has developed a small cult following. A group of puppies are stolen from a pet store by two thieves, the St. Bernard escapes and sneaks into the Newtons home. The workaholic father, George Newton, doesnt want the responsibility of owning a dog, but his wife, Alice, Emily plays a portion of Ludwig van Beethovens Fifth Symphony, he barks along and they name him Beethoven. George, jealous of the affection Beethoven receives, feels neglected as the family fawns over the dog, Beethovens antics ruin a barbecue he is hosting for Brad and Brie, venture capitalists looking to invest in and secretly swindle him out of his car freshener firm. The family takes Beethoven to a veterinarian, Dr. Herman Varnick, for a medical examination. They are unaware that he is involved in unethical and deadly animal experimentation and he actually requires large-skulled dogs such as St. Bernards for an ammunition test. Dr. Varnick visits the Newton home under the guise of doing a follow-up exam on Beethoven and he puts fake blood on his arm and hits Beethoven until he leaps on him. He tells George that Beethoven has to be euthanized or he will press charges, Emily, who saw Dr. Varnick hit him, protests that the attack was fake, but George, fearing for his familys safety, reluctantly takes him to Dr. Varnicks office. It is on the way there that George discovers his own affections for him, he remembers his father had to take their dog to the vet to be euthanized and he fears that his own family will hate him now for taking Beethoven to be put down. When he returns home with the empty leash and collar, his family leaves the table rather than remain with him. After recognizing the childrens sadness and having a conversation with Alice, the family goes to Dr. Varnicks office, George notices that Dr. Varnick has no bite marks on his arm and punches him. The family follows Dr. Varnick to his warehouse, Beethoven breaks free but is recaptured by Harvey and Vernon, while Alice calls the police. George crashes through the skylight just as Dr. Varnick prepares to shoot Beethoven, before he can, a captive Jack Russell Terrier bites him in the crotch, causing him to fire a shot in the air. During the fight, Ted drives the car into the building, launching numerous syringes into Varnick, as the family frees all the captive dogs, they notice Harvey and Vernon trying to escape and send the dogs after them. They escape into a junkyard, only to be attacked by a pack of Dobermans guarding it, Dr. Varnick, Harvey, and Vernon are arrested for animal abuse
29.
Beethoven's 2nd (film)
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Beethovens 2nd is a 1993 family film directed by Rod Daniel, and the first sequel to the 1992 film Beethoven. It starred Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt, and Debi Mazar, initially, no theatrical sequel to Beethoven was planned, but it was produced after the unexpected financial success of the first film. Beethovens 2nd is the last entry in the franchise to be released theatrically, in the home of the Newton family, George, Alice, their three children, and Beethoven are all well adjusted to living together. Beethoven sneaks out and meets Missy, a female St. Bernard whose owners are attempting to settle a divorce. Regina, who is seeking $50,000 in the settlement, has retained custody of Missy and only plans to transfer her to Brillo, her soon-to-be ex-husband. With Beethovens help, Missy escapes from Reginas condominium, and the two fall in love, Ted and Emily become aware of Beethoven constantly sneaking out of the house and follow him, where they discover he and Missy had four puppies in the basement of the building. At the same time, the janitor of the building, Gus, also finds them and informs Regina. She reclaims Missy and plans to get rid of the puppies, even if it means killing them, thinking Regina plans to drown the puppies, Ted and Emily manage to sneak them past Regina and take them home. They keep them in the basement so George, who they know would not want to deal with, realizing they took the puppies, Regina plans revenge. Ryce, Ted, and Emily take it themselves to feed and care for them, even getting up in the middle of the night. Eventually, George and Alice discover the puppies, George, angry at first, at this point, they are presumably 8–10 weeks old. The children name them Chubby, Dolly, Tchaikovsky, and Moe, facing significant financial difficulty, the family is offered a free stay in a lakefront house at the mountains owned by one of Georges business associates. Beethoven and the puppies, somewhat calmed down, go along on the vacation, ryce attends a party with friends where she is exposed to vices of teen culture such as binge drinking and getting locked in her former boyfriend Taylor Devereauxs bedroom against her will. Beethoven destroys the houses patio deck, removing her from potential danger, Regina and her new boyfriend, Floyd, are staying in a location unknown to Brillo, coincidentally near the Newtons vacation residence. They go to a county fair with the dogs, and the children persuade George to enter a burger eating contest with Beethoven, by happenstance, Regina and Floyd were there and had left Missy behind in their car. Missy escapes from the car with Beethovens help while Regina sneaks behind the children, Beethoven and Missy run into the mountains, followed by Regina and Floyd. The family follows, eventually catching up, Floyd threatens to drop the puppies in the river below and George says the situation does not have to get ugly. Floyd pokes George in the stomach with a stick, but Beethoven charges into it and he loses his balance, Regina grabs his hand, and they fall over the cliff into a pool of mud, which breaks, thus they are swept away in the river
30.
Casper (film)
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Casper is a 1995 American fantasy comedy film directed by Brad Silberling, loosely based on the Harvey Comics cartoon character Casper the Friendly Ghost created by Seymour Reit and Joe Oriolo. The film stars Christina Ricci, Bill Pullman, Cathy Moriarty, Eric Idle, the film also stars the voices of Malachi Pearson as the title character as well as Joe Nipote, Joe Alaskey, and Brad Garrett. The film makes use of computer-generated imagery to create the ghosts. Casper was released in cinemas on May 26,1995 by Universal Pictures and it received mixed reviews from critics and earned $287.9 million on a $55 million budget. Following the death of her father, neurotic and spoiled heiress Carrigan Crittenden discovers he has left her Whipstaff Manor in Friendship. Harvey and Kat have a relationship due to the former’s reputation. Moving into Whipstaff, Kat and her father quickly encounter Casper, after befriending Casper over breakfast, Kat goes to school with Casper following her. She becomes popular when her class agree to host their Halloween party at Whipstaff upon learning she lives there, meanwhile, Kat learns Casper has no memory of his life, and unlocks his old bedroom to remind him. Casper comes across a sled, recalling his father bought it for him, only for Casper to have died of pneumonia, a newspaper article reveals that Casper’s father was declared legally insane after he built a machine named the Lazarus, which could bring the dead back to life. Casper and Kat venture down into the basement, discovering the Lazarus. Carrigan and Dibs sneak in, stealing the formula that powers the Lazarus and plot to use the machine to become immortals. However, the two attempt to kill each other as an experiment, as a result, Carrigan falls off a cliff to her death, back in the secret laboratory, Carrigan confronts Casper and Kat and launches Dibs out of a window when he tries to double-cross her. Casper and Kat trick her into stating that she has no unfinished business on Earth, the alleged treasure is revealed to be Casper’s prized baseball signed by Duke Snider. After Dr. Harvey has returned with Caspers uncles now as a ghost, the Halloween party kicks off upstairs, and Amber and Vic’s prank is thwarted by the Ghostly Trio. Casper is visited by Amelia’s ghost, who transforms him into a human as a reward for his sacrifice until ten o’clock. Casper dances with Kat, while Amelia speaks with Harvey, revealing that she was so content alive that she had no unfinished business, encouraging him to move on. Christina Ricci as Kathleen Kat Harvey, Dr. James Harveys teenage daughter and Caspers love interest, who has lost her mother and wants to make a friend. Bill Pullman as Dr. James Harvey, Kat Harveys father who is a ghost therapist interacting with the living impaired to cross into the next dimension while hoping to find his deceased wife, Eric Idle as Paul Dibs Plutzker, Carrigans assistant
31.
Waterworld
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Waterworld is a 1995 American post-apocalyptic science fiction action film directed by Kevin Reynolds and co-written by Peter Rader and David Twohy. It was based on Raders original 1986 screenplay and stars Kevin Costner and it was distributed by Universal Pictures. The setting of the film is in the distant future, Although no exact date was given in the film itself, it has been suggested that it takes place in 2500. The polar ice caps have melted, and the sea level has risen over 7,600 m. The plot of the film centers on an otherwise nameless antihero, The Mariner, the most expensive film ever made at the time, Waterworld was released to mixed reviews, praising the futuristic setting and premise but criticizing the characterization and acting performances. The film also was unable to recoup its budget at the box office, however. The film was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound at the 68th Academy Awards. After the melting of the ice caps in the 21st century. The Mariner, a drifter, arrives at one such atoll on his trimaran to trade dirt. The atolls residents realize the Mariner is a mutant with gills and webbed feet, and decide to drown him in a brine pool. Just then, the atoll is attacked by Smokers, a band of raiders who are seeking a girl named Enola who. Enolas guardian, Helen, attempts to escape with Enola on a gas balloon with Gregor, an inventor, Helen rescues the Mariner and insists he take the two of them with him. The three escape to open sea and they are pursued by the Smokers, and though they escape Helens impetuous actions result in damage to the Mariners boat and he angrily cuts her hair. As time passes, the tensions between the two females and the loner Mariner begin to ease and he assembles a diving bell and dives with her, showing the remains of a city and the soil on the ocean floor. When they surface, they find the Smokers have caught up to them, Enola is tricked into revealing herself, the Mariner takes Helen and they dive underwater to avoid capture, with the Mariner helping Helen to breathe. When they surface, they find that Enola has been taken, Gregor manages to catch up to them in his balloon and rescues them, taking them to a new makeshift atoll with the survivors of the first attack. With most of the Smokers below deck to row the tanker, the Deacon calls the Mariners bluff, knowing that such an action would destroy the ship, but to his horror the Mariner drops a lit flare down a shaft into the oil. The resulting explosion engulfs the lower decks of the ship in flames, the Mariner rescues Enola and they escape by a rope from Gregors balloon
32.
Sneakers (1992 film)
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In 1969, students Martin Brice and Cosmo are sneakers who hack into computer networks using university equipment, to redistribute conservative funds to various liberal causes. The police burst in and arrest Cosmo while Martin is out getting pizza, Martin is approached by NSA officers Dick Gordon and Buddy Wallace, who know of his former identity. Martin is hesitant but agrees to help, with help from his former girlfriend, Liz, Martin and his team secure the box, which is disguised as a telephone answering machine. During their subsequent celebration party, Whistler, Mother, and Carl investigate the box, Martin works out that Setec Astronomy is an anagram of too many secrets, and issues a lockdown until they can deliver the box the next day. Martin hands the box to the NSA officers, but quickly leaves after Crease discovers that Janek was killed the night before and he contacts a friend named Gregor in the Russian consulate, who confirms that the officers were rogue agents, and that Janek was working for the NSA. Before Gregor can elaborate further, fake FBI agents kill him and kidnap Martin to a location where hes reunited with Cosmo. While in prison, Cosmo developed ties with organized crime, allowing him to escape and he explains his plan to use Janeks box to destabilize the world economy, and offers Martin the chance to join him. Martin refuses, whereupon Cosmo uses the box to break into the FBI, Cosmo has Martin knocked out and taken back to the city. Martin contacts his team and they relocate to Lizs apartment and they contact NSA agent Abbott, who wants the box but cannot offer assistance without it being in Martins possession. Whistler analyzes the sounds that Martin heard during his kidnapping, and is able to identify the area where Martin was taken. They find a toy company at that location, which is a front for Cosmos operation and they track down Werner Brandes, the employee whose office is next to Cosmos. They set Liz up with a fake computer date with Brandes to get his keycard and vocal recognition codes, the team successfully get into the building to recover the box. Brandes begins to suspect Liz during the date, and alerts Cosmo to a possible break-in, once Liz mentions the computer date in Cosmos presence, he realizes that Martin is responsible and locks down the facility and holds Martin at gunpoint. Again he tries to convince Martin to join him, but Martin refuses, the team escapes before Cosmo realizes that he is holding an empty duplicate of the boxs case. Back at their offices, Martins team is surrounded by agents led by Abbott, after Abbott and the agents leave with the box, Martin shows his team he has rendered the box useless by taking out the main processor. In early drafts, the character of Liz was a bank employee, the role was changed because Lasker and Parkes believed that it took too long for her character to develop. I cant remember having so much fun on a movie, Tobolowsky recalled in a 2012 anniversary piece for Slate and he had initially scoffed at the script based on its title alone, but his agent persuaded him to actually read it, and he reconsidered. Afterward, he told his agent, Now I know what a hundred million dollars at the box office reads like and it was one of the most spectacular casts Ive ever been lucky enough to be a part of, Tobolowsky wrote
33.
Casino (film)
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Casino is a 1995 American epic crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Robert De Niro, Joe Pesci, and Sharon Stone. It is based on the non-fiction book Casino, Love and Honor in Las Vegas by Nicholas Pileggi, the two previously collaborated on the hit film Goodfellas. In Casino, De Niro stars as Sam Ace Rothstein, a Jewish American top gambling handicapper who is called by the Italian Mob to oversee the operations at the Tangiers Casino in Las Vegas. His character is based on Frank Rosenthal, who ran the Stardust, Fremont, Pesci plays Nicholas Nicky Santoro, based on real-life Mob enforcer Anthony Spilotro, a made man. Nicky is sent to Vegas to make sure that money from the Tangiers is skimmed off the top, Sharon Stone plays Ginger McKenna, Aces scheming, self-absorbed wife, based on Geri McGee. Casino was released on November 22,1995, to a positive critical response and was a box office success. Stones performance was praised, earning her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. Impressed with his work, mafia boss Remo Gaggi sends Sams childhood friend and mob enforcer Nicholas Nicky Santoro and his associate Frank Frankie Marino to protect Sam and the whole operation. Nickys volatile temper soon gets him banned from every casino in Las Vegas, so he gathers his own crew and engages in independent shakedowns, Sam meets and falls in love with a hustler and former prostitute, Ginger McKenna. Meanwhile, Sam makes an enemy in county commissioner Pat Webb for firing his brother-in-law Don Ward for incompetence. When Sam refuses to him, Webb pulls Sams license from the backlog. Sam blames the incident on Nickys recklessness and the two argue furiously in the desert after Sam attempts to tell Nicky to leave Las Vegas. The casino counters begin stealing some money for themselves, prompting the Midwest mafia bosses to put Artie Piscano of the Kansas City mafia in charge of overseeing the transactions, piscanos detailed complaints - complete with names - spurs the FBI to begin investigating the casino. Meanwhile, Sam finally seeks divorce from Ginger, tired of her alcoholism and she then kidnaps their daughter, Amy, taking her to Los Angeles, and plans to flee to Europe with Lester. Sam convinces her to back with Amy, and then scolds her for stealing his money. After he overhears Ginger talking on the phone about killing him, he kicks her out of the house, Ginger then approaches Nicky for help in getting her valuables from their shared vault in the bank, and the two start an affair. Sam discovers this after finding Amy tied to her bed by Ginger, Sam disowns Ginger, and so does Nicky. A furious and drunk Ginger crashes her car into Sams driveway, making a scene, though she succeeds in taking her share of the money from the bank, she is arrested by the FBI for aiding and abetting Sam
34.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
35.
Schindler's List
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Schindlers List is a 1993 American epic historical period drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg and scripted by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the novel Schindlers Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally and it stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth, and Ben Kingsley as Schindlers Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden were proposed as early as 1963, poldek Pfefferberg, one of the Schindlerjuden, made it his lifes mission to tell the story of Schindler. Spielberg became interested in the story when executive Sidney Sheinberg sent him a review of Schindlers Ark. Principal photography took place in Kraków, Poland, over the course of 72 days in 1993, Spielberg shot the film in black and white and approached it as a documentary. Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński wanted to give the film a sense of timelessness, John Williams composed the score, and violinist Itzhak Perlman performs the films main theme. Schindlers List premiered on November 30,1993, in Washington, D. C. and it was released on December 15,1993, in the United States. Often listed among the greatest films made, it was also a box office success. It was the recipient of seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, in 2007, the American Film Institute ranked the film 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time. The Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2004, in Kraków during World War II, the Germans had forced local Polish Jews into the overcrowded Kraków Ghetto. Oskar Schindler, an ethnic German, arrives in the city hoping to make his fortune, a member of the Nazi Party, Schindler lavishes bribes on Wehrmacht and SS officials and acquires a factory to produce enamelware. To help him run the business, Schindler enlists the aid of Itzhak Stern, a local Jewish official who has contacts with black marketeers, Stern helps Schindler arrange financing for the factory. Schindler maintains friendly relations with the Nazis and enjoys wealth and status as Herr Direktor, sS-Untersturmführer Amon Göth arrives in Kraków to oversee construction of Płaszów concentration camp. When the camp is completed, he orders the ghetto liquidated, many people are shot and killed in the process of emptying the ghetto. Schindler witnesses the massacre and is profoundly affected, Schindler is careful to maintain his friendship with Göth and, through bribery and lavish gifts, continues to enjoy SS support. Göth brutally mistreats his Jewish maid Helen Hirsch and randomly shoots people from the balcony of his villa, as time passes, Schindlers focus shifts from making money to trying to save as many lives as possible. To better protect his workers, Schindler bribes Göth into allowing him to build a sub-camp, as the Germans begin to lose the war, Göth is ordered to ship the remaining Jews at Płaszów to Auschwitz concentration camp. Schindler asks Göth to allow him to move his workers to a new munitions factory he plans to build in his town of Zwittau-Brinnlitz
36.
Field of Dreams
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Field of Dreams is a 1989 American fantasy-drama sports film directed by Phil Alden Robinson, who also wrote the screenplay, adapting W. P. Kinsellas novel Shoeless Joe. It stars Kevin Costner, Amy Madigan, James Earl Jones, Ray Liotta and it was nominated for three Academy Awards, Best Original Score, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture. Ray Kinsella is a novice Iowa farmer who lives with his wife, Annie, in the opening narration, he explains how he had a troubled relationship with his father, John Kinsella, who had been a devoted baseball fan. While walking through his cornfield one evening, he hears a voice whispering, If you build it and he continues hearing this before finally seeing a vision of a baseball diamond in his field. Annie is skeptical, but she allows him to plow the corn under in order to build a baseball field, as he builds, he tells Karin the story of the 1919 Black Sox Scandal. Months pass and nothing happens, his family faces financial ruin until, one night, Ray recognizes him as Shoeless Joe Jackson, a deceased baseball player idolized by John. Thrilled to be able to play again, he asks to bring others to the field to play. He later returns with the seven players banned as a result of the 1919 scandal. Rays brother-in-law, Mark, cant see the players and warns him that he will go bankrupt unless he replants his corn, while in the field, Ray hears the voice again, this time urging him to ease his pain. Ray attends a PTA meeting at which the possible banning of books by radical author Terence Mann is discussed and he decides the voice was referring to Mann. He comes across a magazine dealing with Manns childhood dream of playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers. After Ray and Annie both dream about him and Mann attending a game together at Fenway Park, he convinces her that he should seek out Mann. He heads to Boston and persuades a reluctant, embittered Mann to attend a game with him at Fenway Park, while there, he hears the voice again, this time urging him to go the distance. At the same time, the scoreboard shows statistics for a player named Archibald Moonlight Graham, who played one game for the New York Giants in 1905, after the game, Mann eventually admits that he, too, saw it. Ray and Mann then travel to Chisholm, Minnesota where they learn that Graham had become a doctor and had died sixteen years earlier. During a late night walk, Ray finds himself back in 1972 and encounters the then-living Graham and he also says that the greater disappointment would have been not having a medical career. He declines Rays invitation to fulfill his dream, however, during the back home. While Archie sleeps, Ray reveals to Mann that John had wanted him to live out his dream of being a baseball star and he stopped playing catch with him after reading one of Manns books at 14
37.
Born on the Fourth of July (film)
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Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American war drama film adaptation of the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic. Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic, in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination, Oliver Stone co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic, and also produced and directed the film. Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam, but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized, it was filmed in the Philippines. The film is considered part of Stones trilogy of films about the Vietnam War—following Platoon and preceding Heaven & Earth. Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two, for Best Director and Best Film Editing, it won four Golden Globe Awards. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing $161,001,698 worldwide, in the summer of 1956 in Massapequa, Long Island, New York, 10-year-old Ron Kovic plays soldier in the woods and attends a Fourth of July parade. After watching President John F. Kennedys inaugural address, it inspires him to enlist in the Marines, later, Kovic attends an impassioned lecture about the Marine Corps. He decides to enlist and misses his prom because he is unable to secure a date with his love interest and he confronts her at the prom and has a dance with her on his last night before leaving. Now a Marine sergeant and on patrol during his second Vietnam tour in October 1967, Kovics unit kills a number of Vietnamese civilians in a village, during the retreat, Kovic accidentally kills one of the new arrivals to his platoon, a younger private first class named Wilson. During a firefight in January 1968, Kovic is critically wounded, Kovic desperately tries to walk again with the use of crutches and braces, despite repeated warnings from his doctors. In 1969, Kovic returns home, permanently in a wheelchair, though he tries to maintain his dignity as a United States Marine, Kovic gradually becomes disillusioned, despite being paralyzed, and resorts to alcohol. In Kovics absence, his younger brother Tommy has already become staunchly anti-war, during an Independence Day parade, Kovic shows signs of post-traumatic stress when firecrackers explode. When he is asked to give a speech, a baby in the crowd starts crying. Later, Kovic goes to visit Donna at her college in Syracuse, New York and he and Donna are separated when she and her fellow students are taken away by the police at her college for demonstrating against the Vietnam War. Ron goes to a bar, almost gets into a fight with a fellow Marine, after Ron has a heated argument with his mother, his father decides to send him to Mexico. He arrives in The Village of the Sun, which seems to be a haven for paralyzed Vietnam veterans and he has his first sexual experience with a prostitute, whom he believes he loves, until he sees her with another customer. He hooks up with another veteran, Charlie, and the two travel to what they believe will be a friendlier village. After annoying their taxicab driver, they end up stranded on the side of the road and they are picked up by a man with a truck and driven back to the Village of the Sun
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Scent of a Woman (1992 film)
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The film stars Al Pacino and Chris ODonnell, with James Rebhorn, Philip Seymour Hoffman and Gabrielle Anwar. Pacino won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, the film won three major awards at the Golden Globe Awards, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor and Best Motion Picture – Drama. Charlie Simms is a student at an exclusive New England prep school, unlike most of his peers, Charlie was not born to a wealthy family. Charlie and George Willis, Jr. another student at the preparatory school, following the prank, Trask presses Charlie and George to divulge the names of the perpetrators. Trask offers Charlie a bribe, a letter of recommendation that would guarantee his acceptance to Harvard. Charlie continues to remain silent but appears conflicted, shortly after Charlie arrives, Slade unexpectedly whisks Charlie off on a trip to New York City. Slade reserves a room at the Waldorf-Astoria, during dinner at the Oak Room, Slade glibly states the goals of the trip, which involve enjoying luxurious accommodations in New York before committing suicide. Charlie is taken aback and does not know if Slade is serious and they pay an uninvited surprise visit to Slades brothers home in White Plains for Thanksgiving dinner. Slade is an unpleasant surprise for the family, as he deliberately provokes everyone, during this time, the cause of Slades blindness is also revealed as a drunken trainee mishap with a grenade. As they return to New York, Charlie tells Slade about his complications at school, Slade advises Charlie to inform on his classmates and go to Harvard, warning him that George will probably be pressured into not maintaining his silence. Later at a restaurant, Slade is aware of Donna, a woman waiting for her date. Although blind, Slade leads Donna in a spectacular tango on the dance floor and that night, he hires a female escort. Deeply despondent the next morning, Slade responds to Charlies suggestion that they test drive a Ferrari Mondial t, Charlie lets Slade drive the car and Slade begins speeding, attracting the attention of a police officer, whom Slade manages to appease without giving away his blindness. When they return to the hotel, Slade sends Charlie out on a list of errands, Charlie initially leaves the room but quickly becomes suspicious. Charlie intervenes and attempts to grab Slades gun, Slade, however, easily overpowers him, threatening to shoot Charlie before himself. They enter an argument, with both grappling for the gun, however, after Charlie bravely calms Slade, Slade backs down. The two return to New England, at school, Charlie and George are subjected to a formal inquiry in front of the entire student body and the student/faculty disciplinary committee. As headmaster Trask is opening the proceedings, Slade unexpectedly returns to the school, for his defense, George has enlisted the help of his wealthy father, using his poor vision as an excuse before being pressured by his father into naming all three of the perpetrators
39.
In the Name of the Father (film)
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In the Name of the Father is a 1993 Irish-British-American biographical courtroom drama film co-written and directed by Jim Sheridan. It is based on the life story of the Guildford Four, four people falsely convicted of the 1974 IRAs Guildford pub bombings, which killed four off-duty British soldiers. The screenplay was adapted by Terry George and Jim Sheridan from the autobiography Proved Innocent, Gerry Conlon is shown in Belfast stripping lead from roofs of houses when security forces home in on the district with armoured cars, and a riot breaks out. Gerrys father, Giuseppe Conlon, later saves him from IRA punishment, instead, he finds a squat, to explore, as he puts it, free love and dope. When Gerrys father travels from Belfast to England to help his son, in the subsequent trial, his aunts family are convicted of supporting the bombing on the basis of nitroglycerin traces, and the four, including Gerry, are sentenced to long terms of imprisonment. Gerrys time in shows an progression from a bitter son who rails at his father to an awakening when he discovers the real perpetrator of the bombing in the same facility. When this man leads a prison protest and then sets a hated prison guard on fire, Gerry takes over the fight for justice himself when his father dies in custody. His case becomes public, gaining support from Dublin, Belfast, a common slogan used by his supporters is Free The Four. Gareth Peirce, a lawyer who has been investigating the case on behalf of Giuseppe, has a breakthrough when she tries to access Giuseppes file and is able to look instead at Gerrys. She finds vital police documents in the file that are marked Not to be shown to the Defence and this leads to the overturning of the verdict and immediate release of the Guildford Four. The film ends with a triumphant Gerry revealing his story to the media, to prepare for the role of Gerry Conlon, Day-Lewis lost over 50 pounds in weight. To gain an insight into Conlons thoughts and feelings at the time and he would also insist that crew members throw cold water at him and verbally abuse him. He also kept his Northern Irish accent on and off set, Day-Lewis has stated in an interview that he went through all this as How could I understand how an innocent man could sign that confession and destroy his own life. The film received positive reviews from most critics. Upon its release the film proved controversial for some historical inaccuracies and for fictionalising parts of the story and Jim Sheridan was forced to defend his choices. In 2003, Sheridan stated, I was accused of lying in In the Name of the Father, in the film we see Gerry and his father Giuseppe sharing the same cell, but this never took place and they were usually kept in separate prisons. It also includes Voodoo Child performed by The Jimi Hendrix Experience, however, the Bob Dylan Song Like a Rolling Stone was not included on the album due to licensing restrictions
40.
Apollo 13 (film)
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Apollo 13 is a 1995 American docudrama space adventure film directed by Ron Howard. It stars Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, the film depicts astronauts Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise aboard Apollo 13 for Americas third Moon landing mission. Released to cinemas in the United States on June 30,1995, Apollo 13 was nominated for nine Academy Awards, in total, the film grossed over $355 million worldwide during its theatrical releases. The film was positively received by critics. Astronaut Jim Lovell hosts a party where guests watch Neil Armstrongs televised first human steps on the Moon. Afterwards Lovell, who had orbited the Moon on Apollo 8, three months later, as Lovell conducts a VIP tour of NASAs Vertical Assembly Building, his boss Deke Slayton informs him that his crew will fly Apollo 13 instead of 14. Lovell, Ken Mattingly, and Fred Haise train for their new mission, a few days before launch, Mattingly is exposed to the measles, and the flight surgeon demands his replacement with Mattinglys backup, Jack Swigert. Lovell resists breaking up his team, but relents when Slayton threatens to bump his crew to a later mission, as the launch date approaches, Marilyn has a nightmare about her husbands safety, but goes to the Kennedy Space Center the night before launch to see him off. On April 11,1970, Flight Director Gene Kranz gives the go-ahead from Houstons Mission Control Center for the Apollo 13 launch, as the Saturn V rocket climbs through the atmosphere, a second stage engine cuts off prematurely, but the craft reaches its Earth parking orbit. Three days into the mission, the crew makes a television transmission, after Swigert turns on the liquid oxygen tank stirring fans as requested, one of the tanks explodes, emptying its contents into space and sending the craft tumbling. The other tank is found to be leaking. In Houston, Kranz rallies his team to come up with a plan to bring the astronauts home safely, controller John Aaron recruits Mattingly to help him invent a procedure to restart Odyssey for the landing on Earth. As Swigert and Haise watch the Moon pass beneath them, Lovell laments his lost chance of walking on its surface, with Aquarius running on minimal electrical power, the crew suffers freezing conditions, and Haise contracts a urinary infection and a fever. Swigert suspects Mission Control is withholding their inability to get home, Haise angrily blames Swigerts inexperience for the accident. When carbon dioxide approaches dangerous levels, ground control must quickly invent a way to make the Command Modules square filters work in the Lunar Modules round receptacles. With the guidance systems on Aquarius shut down, the crew must make a difficult, when the crew jettisons the Service Module, they are surprised to see the extent of the damage. As they release Aquarius and re-enter the Earths atmosphere, no one is sure that Odysseys heat shield is intact, the tense period of radio silence due to ionization blackout is longer than normal, but the astronauts report all is well and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. He wonders if and when mankind will return to the Moon, however, by the time Howard acquired the directors position, Costners name never came up in serious discussion, and Hanks had already been interested in doing a film based on Apollo 13
41.
Babe (film)
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Babe is a 1995 Australian-American comedy-drama film directed by Chris Noonan, produced by George Miller, and written by both. It is an adaptation of Dick King-Smiths 1983 novel The Sheep-Pig, also known as Babe, The Gallant Pig in the US, the main animal characters are played by a combination of real and animatronic pigs and Border Collies. After seven years of development, Babe was filmed in Robertson, New South Wales, the talking-animal visual effects were done by Rhythm & Hues Studios and Jim Hensons Creature Shop. The film was a box office success and grossed $36,776,544 at the box office in Australia and it has received considerable acclaim from critics, it was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay, winning Best Visual Effects. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, in 1998, Miller directed a sequel, Babe, Pig in the City. Babe, a piglet, is chosen for a guess the weight contest at a county fair. The winning farmer, Arthur Hoggett, brings him home and allows him to stay with a Border Collie named Fly, her mate Rex and their puppies, in the barn. A duck named Ferdinand, who poses as a rooster to spare himself from being eaten, despite succeeding in this, they wake Duchess, the Hoggetts cat, and in the confusion accidentally destroy the living room. Rex sternly instructs Babe to stay away from Ferdinand and the house, sometime later, when Flys puppies are put up for sale, Babe asks if he can call her Mom. Christmas brings a visit from the Hoggetts relatives, Babe is almost chosen for Christmas dinner but a duck is picked instead after Hoggett remarks to his wife Esme that Babe may bring a prize for ham at the next county fair. On Christmas Day, Babe justifies his existence by alerting Hoggett to sheep rustlers stealing sheep from one of the fields, the next day, Hoggett sees Babe sort the hens, separating the brown from the white ones. Impressed, he takes him to the fields and allows him to try, encouraged by an elder ewe named Maa, the sheep cooperate, but Rex sees Babes actions as an insult to sheepdogs and confronts Fly in a vicious fight for encouraging Babe. He injures her leg and accidentally bites Hoggetts hand when he tries to intervene, Rex is then chained to the dog house, muzzled and sedated, leaving the sheep herding job to Babe. One morning, Babe is awakened by the cries and sees three dogs attacking them. Though he manages to scare them off, Maa is mortally injured, Hoggett arrives and, thinking that Babe killed her, prepares to shoot him. Fly is so anxious to find out whether he is guilty or innocent that, instead of barking orders at the sheep, when Esme leaves on a trip, Hoggett signs Babe up for a local sheepherding competition. As it is raining the night before, Hoggett lets him, however, Duchess scratches him when he tries to speak to her, so Hoggett immediately confines her outside. When she is let back in later, she gets revenge on Babe by revealing that humans eat pigs, horrified, he runs out to the barn and learns from Fly that this is true
42.
Ron Howard
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Ronald William Ron Howard is an American actor and filmmaker. Howard is best known for playing two roles in television sitcoms in his youth and directing a number of successful feature films later in his career. Howard first came to prominence playing young Opie Taylor in the sitcom The Andy Griffith Show for eight years, in 1980, Howard left Happy Days to focus on directing. His films include, the science-fiction/fantasy film Cocoon, the historical docudrama Apollo 13, the biographical drama A Beautiful Mind, in 2002, Howard narrated the Fox comedy series, Arrested Development, on which he would also serve as producer and play a semi-fictionalized version of himself. In 2003, Howard was awarded the National Medal of Arts, asteroid 12561 Howard is named after him. He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 2013, Howard has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions in the television and motion pictures industries. Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma, the son of Jean Speegle Howard, an actress, and Rance Howard, a director, a writer. He has German, English, Scottish, Irish, and Dutch ancestry and his father was born with the surname Beckenholdt, and had taken the stage name Howard by 1948, for his acting career. Rance Howard was serving three years in the United States Air Force at the time of Rons birth, the family moved to Hollywood in 1958, the year before the birth of his younger brother, Clint Howard. They rented a house on the south of the Desilu Studios. They lived in Hollywood for at least three years, before moving to Burbank, Howard was tutored at Desilu Studios in his younger years, and graduated from John Burroughs High School. He later attended the University of Southern Californias School of Cinematic Arts, Howard has said he knew from a young age he might want to go into directing thanks to his early experience as an actor. In 1959, Howard had his first credited role, in The Journey. Howard played Timmy in Counterfeit Gun, Season 4, Episode 2 of the TV series, in 1960, Howard was cast as Opie Taylor in The Andy Griffith Show. Credited as Ronny Howard, he portrayed the son of the character for all eight seasons of the show. He and Griffith remained close until Griffiths death nearly 45 years later, in the 1962 film version of The Music Man, Howard played Winthrop Paroo, the child with the lisp, the film starred Robert Preston and Shirley Jones. He also starred in the 1963 film The Courtship of Eddies Father and he appeared as Barry Stewart on The Eleventh Hour, in the episode Is Mr. Martian Coming Back. In the 1970s, he appeared in at least one episode of The Bold Ones, Howard appeared on the 1969 Disneyland Records album The Story and Song from the Haunted Mansion
43.
Brian Grazer
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Brian Thomas Grazer is an American film and television producer. He co-founded Imagine Entertainment in 1986, with Ron Howard, the films they produced have grossed over $13 billion. The movies include four for which Grazer was personally nominated for an Academy Award, Splash, Apollo 13, A Beautiful Mind and his films and TV series have been nominated for 43 Academy Awards, and 131 Emmys. In 2002, Grazer won an Oscar for Best Picture for A Beautiful Mind, in 2007, he was named one of Times 100 Most Influential People in the World. Grazer was born in Los Angeles, California, to Arlene Becker Grazer and he is the older brother of Nora Beth Grazer and actor/director Gavin Grazer. He was raised in Sherman Oaks and Northridge, in Los Angeless San Fernando Valley, Grazers mother is Jewish and his father was Catholic, and he described himself in 2000 as half-Jewish. Subsequently, third-party reports conflicted as to whether he was Jewish or a practicing Christian and his parents divorced when he was in high school. Grazer said My best buddy, the most important person in my growing up, was my little 4-foot-10 Jewish grandmother, no ones going to get it for you, Brian. Grazer won a scholarship to the University of Southern California as a psychology major and he graduated from USCs School of Cinema-Television in 1974. He then attended USC Law School for one year, but quit in 1975 to pursue a life in Hollywood, Grazer began his career as a producer developing television projects. While executive-producing TV pilots at Paramount Pictures in the early 1980s, he met current long-time friend and he produced his first feature-film, Night Shift, in 1982, directed by Howard. Grazer and Howard teamed up again for Splash in 1984, which Grazer produced, Splash earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay of 1984. In 1986, Grazer and Howard co-founded Imagine Entertainment, which one of Hollywoods most prolific. Over the years, Grazers films and TV shows have been nominated for a total of 43 Academy Awards, at the same time, his movies have generated more than $13.5 billion in worldwide theatrical, music, and video grosses. Grazers early film successes include Parenthood and Backdraft and he produced Apollo 13, for which he won the Producers Guild of America’s Daryl F. Zanuck Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award, as well as an Oscar nomination for Best Picture of 1995. In 1998, he earned two honors, he was given his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2001, Grazer won an Academy Award for Best Picture for A Beautiful Mind, which took home Oscars for Best Supporting Actress, Best Director. In 2002, Grazers 8 Mile was released and it proved not only to be a huge box office hit, but also the first film with a rap song to win a Best Original Song Oscar, for Eminems Lose Yourself
44.
Ivan Reitman
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Ivan Reitman, OC is a Slovak-Canadian film producer and director, best known for his comedy work, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. He is the owner of The Montecito Picture Company, founded in 2000, Reitman was born in Komárno, Czechoslovakia, the son of Klara and Ladislav Leslie Reitman. Reitmans parents were Jewish, his mother survived the Auschwitz concentration camp and his family came to Canada as refugees in 1950. Reitman attended Oakwood Collegiate in Toronto and was a member of the Twintone Four singing group, Reitman attended McMaster University, receiving a Bachelor of Music in 1969. At McMaster he produced and directed short films. Reitmans first producing job was with the then-new station CITY-TV in Toronto, CITY was also the home of the first announcing job of his later friend and collaborator Dan Aykroyd. However, Reitmans tenure at CITY was short and he was fired during his first year by station owner Moses Znaimer, in Toronto, he produced the stage production Spellbound which evolved into Broadway production The Magic Show. Reitmans first commercial film ventures were as producer of two films for director David Cronenberg, Shivers and Rabid and his big break came when he produced National Lampoons Animal House in 1978 and directed Meatballs in 1979. In the early 1990s, Reitman began to direct fewer films, Reitman is a founder of the McMaster Film Board at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. In 2007, Reitman was inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame, Reitman founded The Montecito Picture Company, a film production company located just south of Santa Barbara, founded in 2000. He next produced the comedy I Love You, Man, starring Paul Rudd, also in 2009, he produced the Academy Award-nominated film, Up in the Air, directed by his son Jason Reitman. Later, Reitman had planned to direct the erotic thriller Chloe, Chloe has since enjoyed commercial success and became Egoyans biggest moneymaker ever. Reitman co-produced the biographical film Hitchcock, released on November 23,2012, Reitman also directed the 2014 sports drama Draft Day, starring Kevin Costner. In the early 1980s, Tom Mankiewicz wrote a script for a film entitled The Batman and he planned to cast Meatballs star Bill Murray as Batman, David Niven as Alfred Pennyworth, William Holden as Commissioner James Gordon, and singer David Bowie as The Joker. However, due to Holdens and Nivens death and the rewrites of the script, Reitman left the project and Gremlins director Joe Dante entered in the project, in April 1996, it was reported that Reitman was attached to produce, and possibly direct, a Wonder Woman film. However, three years later, he passed the project on to writer Jon Cohen and left for unknown reasons, in March 2012, it was reported that a sequel of Twins, entitled Triplets, was in the works, and that Reitman will co-produce the film. A release date wasnt given since the announcement, in 2013, it was revealed that Reitman had plans to make a sequel to Evolution, but plans for a sequel never materialized. In May 2016, Reitman revealed that he was in talks with Warner Bros. chairman Bob Daly about his involvement in Space Jam 2
