1.
Tommy Lee
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Thomas Lee Bass, best known as Tommy Lee, is a Greek-American musician and founding member of the heavy metal band Mötley Crüe. As well as being the bands drummer, Lee founded rap-metal band Methods of Mayhem. He has been married to model Elaine Starchuk and actresses Heather Locklear, the family moved to California a year after he was born. He received his first drum when he was four years old, Lee has a younger sister, Athena Lee, who was married to James Kottak, the drummer for the rock band Scorpions and she was also the drummer in his solo band KrunK. As a teenager, Lee listened to Led Zeppelin, Van Halen, Cheap Trick, Kiss, AC/DC and his main drumming influences were John Bonham, Tommy Aldridge, Alex Van Halen and Terry Bozzio. After transferring from South Hills High School, he joined the band at Royal Oak High School in Covina. His first successful band Suite 19 played the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles during the late-1970s, around this time, he met future bandmate, Nikki Sixx. Casually, Sixx was forming a band that would specialise in anthemic heavy metal. At this time, he changed his name to Tommy Lee and earned the nickname T-bone due to his 6′ 2½″ height, shortly afterwards, guitarist Mick Mars joined the band. Tommy recommended a singer he had met during school, Vince Neil, who soon joined the group. Mötley Crüe quickly built a fanbase and they released their debut album Too Fast for Love in 1981. Elektra Records decided to sign the band shortly thereafter, reissuing their debut in 1982. Lee used several memorable gimmicks during his solos at concerts, such as having his entire kit revolving and spinning. He was legendary for mooning the crowd at every show. The band was known for their decadent behavior both on and offstage, often consuming excessive amounts of drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, pills and they finished the year at #8 on the Top Concert Money Earners list. They played 81 shows and grossed US$33 million according to Billboard Boxscore, Lee came back once with Motley Crüe to go on the Crües Greatest Hits tour in 1999. With the popularity of rap metal, Lee formed a band called Methods of Mayhem, the band released a self-titled album the same year and toured in support of it. Although Lee distanced himself from Mötley Crüe after splitting, he agreed to part in their 2001 autobiography
2.
San Saba, Texas
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San Saba is a city located in Central Texas. It was settled in 1854 and named for its location on the San Saba River, the population was 3,099 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of San Saba County, the city was named for the San Saba River. San Saba is located at 31°11′43″N 98°43′30″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles, all of it land. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen climate classification system, San Saba has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2010,3,099 people,1,008 households, the population density was 1,468.6 people per square mile. There were 1,177 housing units at a density of 655.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 78. 54% White,0. 64% African American,1. 74% Native American,0. 11% Asian,17. 33% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 31. 51% of the population. About 30. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 18. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.12. The population was distributed as 27. 0% under the age of 18,6. 5% from 18 to 24,23. 7% from 25 to 44,20. 1% from 45 to 64, the median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.4 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,758, males had a median income of $24,207 versus $20,216 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,192, about 16. 0% of families and 19. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 9% of those under age 18 and 12. 1% of those age 65 or over. Pecans emerged as an important crop, largely because of the work of Edmund E. Risien, Risien founded the West Texas Pecan Nursery at the junction of the San Saba and Colorado Rivers. The Mother Pecan Tree, located in the heart of this orchard, has used to produce many great pecan varieties. Some of these include the, San Saba Improved, Texas Prolific, Onliwon, Squirrel Delight, No.60, and Western Schley and these are just a few of the varieties this tree has produced. During his era, his customer base included Queen Victoria of England, Alfred Lord Tennyson, today, Risien is credited for laying the groundwork for the pecan industry that led San Saba County to proclaim itself Pecan Capital of the World. Today the land and orchard is owned by the Millican family, the City of San Saba is served by the San Saba Independent School District
3.
Terrell Hills, Texas
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Terrell Hills is a city in Bexar County, Texas, United States, it is located 5 miles northeast of downtown San Antonio. As of the 2010 census Terrell Hills had a population of 4,878. It is part of a group of three cities — Terrell Hills, Alamo Heights, and Olmos Park — located between Uptown San Antonio, Midtown San Antonio, Downtown San Antonio, and Fort Sam Houston. Terrell Hills is bordered on the west by Alamo Heights, on the east by Fort Sam Houston, on the north by Uptown San Antonio and it is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is named after Dr. Frederick Terrell, a bank president who had served as mayor of San Antonio in 1901. Development of the community began in 1919, when Dr. Terrell sold 22.5 acres of property to an association called the Terrell Hills Community. This organization managed the community until 1939, when it incorporated as a municipality, twelve years later, in 1957, the community adopted a home rule charter. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 1.6 square miles. As of the census of 2000, the city had a resident population of 5,019 persons, in addition,11. 68% of the population identified themselves as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin of any race. There were a total of 2,011 housing units in the city,1,913 of which were occupied and consequently counted as census households, the city had no group quarters. Of these 1,913 households,1,410 were classified as family households,36. 6% of these included the householder’s own minor children. The average household size was 2.62 persons and the family size was 3.09 persons. Persons under 18 years of age comprised 28. 2% of the population, those aged 18 to 24,3. 7%,25 to 44,25. 0%,45 to 64,26. 1%. The median age was 42 years, out of all age groups, there were 88.3 males for every 100 females, out of all those of at least 18 years of age, there were 85.7 males for every 100 females. The median household income for the city was $79,295, the median income for individual male year-round workers was $61,743, for like females, it was $40,956. The Census Bureau classified 4. 7% of the citys population, in terms of age,6. 1% of those under the age of 18 and 2. 4% of those over the age of 65 were living below the poverty line. The median home price in 2005 in Terrell Hills was $583,500. C, a small portion of Terrell Hills is served by the North East Independent School District. The portion is served by Wilshire Elementary School, Garner Middle School, and MacArthur High School, all in San Antonio
4.
Harvard University
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Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, james Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College, Harvards $34.5 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution. Harvard is a large, highly residential research university, the nominal cost of attendance is high, but the Universitys large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. Harvards alumni include eight U. S. presidents, several heads of state,62 living billionaires,359 Rhodes Scholars. To date, some 130 Nobel laureates,18 Fields Medalists, Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, it obtained British North Americas first known printing press, in 1639 it was named Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard an alumnus of the University of Cambridge who had left the school £779 and his scholars library of some 400 volumes. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650 and it offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational. The leading Boston divine Increase Mather served as president from 1685 to 1701, in 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, which marked a turning of the college toward intellectual independence from Puritanism. When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, in 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassizs approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans participation in the Divine Nature, agassizs perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the divine plan in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on an archetype for his evidence. Charles W. Eliot, president 1869–1909, eliminated the position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. While Eliot was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, during the 20th century, Harvards international reputation grew as a burgeoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the universitys scope. Rapid enrollment growth continued as new schools were begun and the undergraduate College expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. In the early 20th century, the student body was predominately old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, by the 1970s it was much more diversified
5.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
6.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
7.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
8.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
9.
United States Marshals Service
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The United States Marshals Service is a federal law enforcement agency within the U. S. Department of Justice. It is the oldest American federal law enforcement agency, which was created by the Judiciary Act of 1789 during the presidency of George Washington, the Marshals Service is attached to the Judicial branch of government, and is the enforcement arm of the federal courts. It is the agency for fugitive operations, responsible for prisoner transport, the protection of officers of the court. The Marshals Service operates the Witness Protection Program, and serves federal level arrest warrants, the office of United States Marshal was created by the First Congress. President George Washington signed the Judiciary Act into law on September 24,1789, the Act provided that the United States Marshals primary function was to execute all lawful warrants issued to him under the authority of the United States. The critical Supreme Court decision, affirming the authority of the federal marshals, was made in In re Neagle 135 U. S.1. For over 100 years marshals were patronage jobs, typically controlled by the district judge and they were paid primarily by fees until a salary system was set up in 1896. Many of the first US Marshals had already proven themselves in service during the American Revolution. From the nations earliest days, marshals were permitted to recruit special deputies as local hires, Marshals were also authorized to swear in a posse to assist with manhunts, and other duties, ad hoc. Marshals were given authority to support the federal courts within their judicial districts. Federal marshals were by far the most important government officials in territorial jurisdictions, local law enforcement officials were often called marshals so there is often an ambiguity whether someone was a federal or a local official. Federal marshals are most famous for their law enforcement work, the largest part of the business was paper work—serving writs, and other process issued by the courts, made all the arrests, and handled all federal prisoners. They also disbursed funds as ordered by the courts, Marshals paid the fees and expenses of the court clerks, U. S. Attorneys, jurors, and witnesses. They rented the courtrooms and jail space, and hired the bailiffs, criers and they made sure the prisoners were present, the jurors were available, and that the witnesses were on time. The marshals thus provided local representation for the government within their districts. They took the census every decade through 1870. During the settlement of the American Frontier, marshals served as the source of day-to-day law enforcement in areas that had no local government of their own. U. S. Marshals were instrumental in keeping law and order in the Old West era, Bill Tilghman, Heck Thomas, and Chris Madsen formed a legendary law enforcement trio known as The Three Guardsmen when they worked together policing the vast, lawless Oklahoma and Indian Territories
10.
The Fugitive (1993 film)
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The Fugitive is a 1993 American action-thriller film based on the 1960s television series of the same name created by Roy Huggins. It was directed by Andrew Davis and stars Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones, the Fugitive premiered in the United States on August 6,1993, and was a major critical and commercial success. It was the film of 1993 domestically, with an estimated 44 million tickets sold in the US. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture, Jones won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor and it was followed by a 1998 sequel, U. S. Marshals, in which Jones reprised his role as Gerard. Dr. Richard Kimble, a prominent Chicago vascular surgeon, arrives home to find his wife Helen fatally wounded by a one-armed man, Kimble struggles with the killer but he escapes. The lack of evidence of a break-in, Helens lucrative life insurance policy, being transported to death row by bus, his fellow prisoners attempt an escape. The pandemonium sends the bus down a ravine and into the path of an oncoming train, Kimble escapes the collision and flees. Marshal Samuel Gerard and his colleagues Renfro, Biggs, Newman and Poole arrive at the crash site, Kimble sneaks into a hospital to treat his wounds and alter his appearance. He eludes the authorities, but Gerard corners him at the edge of a storm drain over a dam, Kimble leaps into the raging water and escapes. Kimble returns to Chicago to hunt for the murderer and acquires money from his friend, posing as a janitor, Kimble enters the local county hospitals prosthetic department to obtain a list of people who had their prosthetic arm repaired shortly after his wifes murder. Following a police lead confirming Kimbles recent whereabouts, Gerard speculates that Kimble is searching for the one-armed man, Kimble breaks into the residence of one of the people on the list, a former police officer named Fredrick Sykes. Kimble discovers that Sykes is the murderer and is employed by a company, Devlin MacGregor. Kimble investigated the drug in the past and revealed that it caused liver damage and he also deduces that Nichols, who is leading the drugs development, arranged a cover-up and ordered Sykes to kill him – his wifes death was incidental. Gerard follows Kimbles lead to Sykes home and draws the same conclusion, as Kimble takes an elevated train to confront Nichols at the drugs presentation in a hotel, Sykes appears and attacks him. In the struggle, Sykes shoots a cop before being subdued and handcuffed to a pole by Kimble. Kimble arrives at the conference and interrupts Nicholss speech, accusing him of falsifying his medical research. They fight while being chased through the hotel by the marshals, Gerard calls out to Kimble that he knows about Nichols conspiracy. Nichols knocks out Renfro and takes his gun and attempts to shoot Gerard, Kimble surrenders to Gerard, who escorts him out of the hotel
11.
Texas Ranger Division
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The Texas Ranger Division, commonly called the Texas Rangers, is a law enforcement agency with statewide jurisdiction in Texas, based in the capital city of Austin. The Texas Rangers were unofficially created by Stephen F. Austin in a written in 1823 and were first headed by Captain Morris. After a decade, on August 10,1835, Daniel Parker introduced a resolution to the Permanent Council creating a body of rangers to protect the border. The unit was dissolved by the authorities during the post–Civil War Reconstruction Era. Since 1935, the organization has been a division of the Texas Department of Public Safety, as of 2014, there are 150 commissioned members of the Ranger force. During their history, a distinct Ranger tradition has evolved, their significance to Texians. There is a dedicated to the Texas Rangers in Waco. While there is discussion as to when Austin actually employed men as rangers. The Texas Rangers were formally constituted in 1835 and, in November, within two years the Rangers comprised more than 300 men. Following the Texas Revolution and the creation of the Republic of Texas, lamar, raised a force of 56 Rangers to fight the Cherokee and the Comanche, partly in retaliation for the support they had given the Mexicans at the Cordova Rebellion against the Republic. Ten rangers were killed in the Battle of Stone Houses in 1837 and they played important roles at various battles, acting as guides and participating in Counter-guerrilla warfare, soon establishing a fearsome reputation among both Mexicans and Americans. Richard Addison Gillespie, a famed Texas Ranger, died at Monterrey, John Jackson Tumlinson Sr. the first alcalde of the Colorado district, is considered by many Texas Ranger historians to be the first Texas Ranger killed in the line of duty. One of his most urgent issues was protection of settlers from theft, on his way to San Antonio, in 1823, to discuss the issue with the governor, Tumlinson was killed by Native Americans. His travelling companion, a Mr. Newman, escaped, the now 100-strong Rangers participated in campaigns against the Comanche and other tribes, whose raids against the settlers and their properties had become common. Ford and his Rangers fought the Comanche in the Battle of Little Robe Creek in 1858, the success of a series of campaigns in the 1860s marked a turning point in Rangers history. The U. S. Army could provide limited and thinly-stretched protection in the enormous territory of Texas. Such a force could use the deep familiarity with the territory and this option was not pursued, in view of the emerging national political problems, and the Rangers were again dissolved. Many Rangers enlisted to fight for the Confederacy following the secession of Texas from the United States in 1861 during the Civil War, in 1870, during Reconstruction, the Rangers were briefly replaced by a Union-controlled version called the Texas State Police, disbanded only three years later
12.
Lonesome Dove (miniseries)
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Lonesome Dove is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries directed by Simon Wincer. It is a adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series. The series stars Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones, the series was originally broadcast by CBS from February 5 to 8,1989, drawing a huge viewing audience, earning numerous awards, and reviving both the television western and the miniseries. An estimated 26 million homes tuned in to watch Lonesome Dove, the western genre was considered dead by most people, as was the miniseries. By the shows end, it had earned huge ratings and virtually revamped the entire 1989–1990 television season, a favorite with audiences, as well as critics, Lonesome Dove garnered many honors and awards. At the 1989 Emmy Awards, the miniseries had 18 nominations and seven wins, Lonesome Dove also won two Golden Globes, for Best Miniseries and Best Actor in a Miniseries. Captain Augustus Gus McCrae and Captain Woodrow F. Call, two famous former Texas Rangers, run a livery in the small dusty Texas border town of Lonesome Dove, Gus loves women, but hes twice a widower, and Call is somewhat of a workaholic. Also living with them is Newt Dobbs, a 17-year-old whose mother was a prostitute named Maggie and whose father may be Call. The story begins in the small Texas town of Lonesome Dove, as Jake Spoon and he reveals that he is a man on the run, a fugitive, after having accidentally shot the dentist and mayor of Fort Smith, Arkansas, in a bar-room gunfight. The dentist/mayors brother happens to be the sheriff, July Johnson, reunited with Gus and Call, Jakes glowing description of Montana inspires Call to gather a herd of cattle and drive them there, attracted by the notion of settling pristine country. Gus is less enthusiastic, pointing out that they are getting old, but he changes his mind when he realises Lonesome Dove has little left to offer him by way of excitement, now that much of the land has been civilized. Once her son and husband have left for Texas, Elmira leaves Fort Smith for Ogallala, Nebraska, to meet up with her first husband and Joes father, sailing up the Arkansas River on a whiskey boat, she falls in with a group of buffalo hunters. Before leaving, Gus returns to fetch his livery sign and say farewell to his pigs, back in Fort Smith, Peach insists that Roscoe has to find July not only to inform him that his wifes run off but that she is pregnant. Jake decides not to travel with the herd, mainly because he promises to take the towns only prostitute, Lorena Lorie Wood, to San Francisco via Denver. Some time later the group survive a huge dust storm, but Sean, the young Irishman soon succumbs to his numerous snakebites, dies, and is buried. While travelling through a forest in east Texas, Roscoe, Sheriff Johnsons deputy, is joined by Janey, as they travel together they are robbed, when luckily Sheriff Johnson happens to catch up with them. Meanwhile, Johnsons wife Elmira arrives by boat at Bents Fort, Colorado, meanwhile, the camps cook refuses to continue, and Gus and Call head into San Antonio in search of a new cook, Po Campo. On the way back, they catch up with Lorie, whom Jake has abandoned in order to go gambling in Austin, before he returns, Gus and Lorie encounter Blue Duck, a notorious Mexican/Indian bandit from Gus and Calls Ranger days
13.
Men in Black (film series)
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Men in Black is a series of American comic science fiction action spy films directed by Barry Sonnenfeld, and based on Malibu / Marvel comic book series The Men in Black by Lowell Cunningham. The first film, Men in Black, was released in 1997, the film, Men in Black II, in 2002. Amblin Entertainment and MacDonald/Parkes Productions produced all three films and distributed through Columbia Pictures, Men in Black is the first film in the series. Men in Black follows the exploits of Agent J and Agent K, members of an organization established to monitor. The two Men in Black find themselves in the middle of the plot by an intergalactic terrorist who has arrived on Earth to assassinate two ambassadors from opposing galaxies. In order to prevent worlds from colliding, the MiB must track down the terrorist and its just another typical day for the Men in Black. The film was released on March 27,1997, to worldwide acclaim, Men in Black II is the second film in the series, set five years after the first. For Agent J, it is another day at the office, one day, J receives a report of an unauthorized landing of an alien spacecraft near New York. It is an old enemy of MIB, a Kylothian named Serleena, J investigates and quickly realizes he is going to need help. Unfortunately, the other MIB agents do not work up to Js standards, J decides to bring back K, and restore Ks memory as an MIB agent to try and stop Serleena. The film was released on July 3,2002, to mixed to negative reviews, Men in Black 3 is the third film in the series and was released on May 25,2012, to positive reviews and grossed over $624 million worldwide. With J the only one who remembers the history, he must go back in time to join forces with the younger K. On December 10,2014, it was revealed that Sony was planning a crossover between Men in Black and Jump Street. The news was leaked after Sonys system was hacked and then confirmed by the directors of the Jump Street films, Chris Miller, james Bobin was announced as director in 2016. Both Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones have said that they would consider appearing in a Men in Black 4, Jones said it would be easy to pick up where we left off. We know what we are doing, we know how to do it and its just a hell of a lot of fun. In July 2012, Columbia chief executive Doug Belgrad said, Were very pleased with the performance of Men in Black 3. Were going to do, but we dont have clarity yet on how it should be done, Barry Sonnenfeld said, Wills kind of really smart, but as I said, kind of really annoying, too much energy
14.
No Country for Old Men (film)
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No Country for Old Men is a 2007 American neo-western neo-noir thriller film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, based on Cormac McCarthys novel of the same name. A cat-and-mouse drama starring Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, and Josh Brolin, it follows a Texas welder, themes of fate, conscience, and circumstance are explored, ones that the Coen brothers have previously explored in the films Blood Simple and Fargo. No Country for Old Men premiered in competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival on May 19 and it won four awards at the 80th Academy Awards – Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay. In addition, the film won three British Academy Film Awards including Best Director, and two Golden Globes, the American Film Institute listed it as an AFI Movie of the Year, and the National Board of Review selected the film as the best of 2007. More critics included No Country for Old Men on their 2007 top ten lists than any other film, in 2016, it was voted the 10th best film of the 21st century as picked by 177 film critics from around the world. In a neighboring county, Anton Chigurh, a hitman, strangles a sheriffs deputy to escape custody, Chigurh spares the life of a gas station owner after the owner accepts a challenge and correctly calls the result of Chigurhs coin flip. Hunting pronghorns in the desert, Llewelyn Moss comes across the aftermath of a deal gone awry. He finds several dead men and dogs, a wounded Mexican begging for water and he takes the money and returns home. That night, Moss returns to the scene with water and he is pursued by two men in a truck and escapes. At home, he sends his wife, Carla Jean, to stay with her mother, then drives to a motel in Del Rio, Chigurh, hired to recover the money, abruptly kills his employers after obtaining a clue to Mosss identity. Arriving to search Mosss home, he uses his pistol to blow the lock out of the door. Investigating the break in, Sheriff Bell notices the blown-out lock, using a tracking device hidden with the money, Chigurh goes to Mosss motel and kills a group of Mexicans who are preparing to ambush Moss in his room. Moss has rented a room adjacent to the Mexicans room with access to the same vent in which the money is hidden. He retrieves the briefcase just before Chigurh opens the vent and finds it empty, while staying at a hotel in Eagle Pass, Moss discovers the tracking device, but Chigurh has already found him. Their firefight spills onto the streets and both are wounded, Moss flees to Mexico, stashing the case of money in weeds along the Rio Grande. He asks for help from musicians, who take him to a hospital. Carson Wells, another hired operative, fails to persuade him to accept protection in return for the money, Chigurh cleans and stitches his own wounds with stolen supplies and kills Wells at his hotel. Moss telephones the room and Chigurh answers, lifting his boots to avoid Wellss blood, Chigurh tells Moss that he will kill Carla Jean unless Moss gives up the money, he remarks that he will kill Moss regardless of whether he receives the money
15.
Two-Face
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Two-Face is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character was created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane and first appeared in Detective Comics #66, as one of Batmans most enduring enemies, Two-Face belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up his rogues gallery. Once an upstanding Gotham City district attorney, Harvey Dent was hideously scarred on the side of his face after a mob boss threw acidic chemicals at him during a court trial. He was subsequently driven insane and adopted the Two-Face persona, becoming a criminal obsessed with duality, in later years, writers have portrayed Two-Faces obsession with chance and fate as the result of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. He obsessively makes all important decisions by flipping his former lucky charm, the modern version is established as having once been a personal friend and ally of James Gordon and Batman. Two-Face was ranked #12 on IGNs list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time, in the Batman film series, Billy Dee Williams portrayed Harvey Dent in Batman, and Tommy Lee Jones portrayed Two-Face in Batman Forever. Nicholas DAgosto currently portrays Harvey Dent on the live-action TV series Gotham, Two-Face first appears in Detective Comics #66 with the name Harvey Apollo Kent, later stories changed his name to Harvey Dent to avoid an association with Superman. The character only made three appearances in the 1940s, and appeared twice in the 1950s. By this time, he was dropped in favor of more kid friendly villains, though he did appear in a 1968 issue, in 1971, writer Dennis ONeil brought Two-Face back, and it was then that he became one of Batmans arch-enemies. In his autobiography, Batman creator Bob Kane claims to have inspired by Robert Louis Stevensons Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Some inspiration was derived from the Pulp magazine character the Black Bat whose origin story included having acid splashed on his face. In the wake of Frank Millers 1986 revision of Batmans origin and it was also established, in Batman, Year One, that pre-accident Harvey Dent was one of Batmans earliest allies. He had clear ties to both Batman and Commissioner Gordon, making him an unsettling and personal foe for both men, Harvey Dents origin relates that he went through much hardship during his childhood. Growing up under the parentage of an abusive and mentally-ill father, Harvey Dent started developing repressed mental illnesses of his own, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. His hard work ethic, however, later allowed him to rise as the youngest district attorney to serve Gotham City, nicknamed Apollo for his looks and clean-cut image. He is elected about six months before Batman takes his role as a masked vigilante, Dent forges an alliance with police captain James Gordon and Batman to rid Gotham of crime boss Sal Maroni, and Carmine Falcone, with the former murdered by the latters son. Gordon also speculated that Dent might have been Batman, but dismissed this theory on grounds that Dent lacked Batmans financial resources, Falcone hires the corrupt Assistant District Attorney Vernon Fields to provide Sal Maroni with sulfuric acid to disfigure Dent with. Two-Face gets his trademark coin from his father that would employ the coin in a nightly game that always ended with a beating
16.
Batman Forever
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Batman Forever is a 1995 American superhero film directed by Joel Schumacher and produced by Tim Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. It is the installment of the initial Batman film series. The film stars Chris ODonnell, Nicole Kidman, Tommy Lee Jones and he gains allegiance from a love interest—psychiatrist Dr. Chase Meridian and a young, orphaned circus acrobat named Dick Grayson, who becomes his sidekick Robin. Schumacher eschewed the dark, dystopian atmosphere of Burtons films by drawing inspiration from the Batman comic book of the Dick Sprang era, Keaton chose not to reprise the role due to Burton stepping down as director. William Baldwin and Ethan Hawke were initially considered for Keatons replacement before Kilmer joined the cast, the film was released on June 16,1995, receiving mixed reviews, but was a financial success. Batman Forever grossed over $336 million worldwide and became the film worldwide of 1995. Edward Nygma, a researcher at Wayne Enterprises who idolizes Bruce Wayne, has developed a device that can beam television into a persons brain, Bruce offers to let Nygma come up with schematics for the device and set up a meeting with his assistant. However, after Nygma demands an answer from him immediately, Bruce rejects the invention, after killing his supervisor Fred Stickley, Nygma resigns and seeks retaliation against Bruce for rejecting his invention and begins to send him riddles. A news report reveals how Harvey Dent became Two-Face, when he was prosecuting a mob boss named Sal Maroni, Maroni threw acid on Dents face, Batman tried to save him, but failed. After the incident, Dent seeks to kill Batman for failing to save him, Bruce meets Chase Meridian, a psychiatrist who is obsessed with Batman, and invites her to come with him to a circus event. After a performance from the performers, The Flying Graysons, Two-Face arrives and threatens to blow up the circus unless Batman comes forward. The Flying Graysons attempt to stop Two-Face, but they get killed by as a result, however, Dick Grayson, the youngest member, survives as he climbs to the roof and throws Two-Faces bomb into a river. Bruce invites the orphaned Dick to stay at Wayne Manor, Dick, still troubled by the murder of his family, intends to kill Two-Face and avenge his family. When he discovers that Bruce is Batman, he demands that Bruce help him find Two-Face so that he can kill him, meanwhile, Nygma turns himself into a criminal called the Riddler and forms an alliance with Two-Face. The two steal capital in order to mass-produce Nygmas brainwave device, at Nygmas business party, Nygma discovers Bruces alter ego using the brainwave device. Two-Face arrives and crashes the party and he nearly kills Batman, but Dick manages to save him. Meanwhile, Chase has fallen in love with Bruce, which surpasses her obsession with Batman, but she discovers that they are one. Bruce decides to stop being Batman in order to have a life with Chase
17.
Under Siege
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Under Siege is a 1992 American action-thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and written by J. F. Lawton. It stars Steven Seagal as an ex-Navy SEAL who must stop a group of mercenaries, led by Tommy Lee Jones and Gary Busey and it is Seagals most successful film in critical and financial terms, including two Academy Award nominations for sound production. The musical score was composed by Gary Chang and it was followed by a 1995 sequel, Under Siege 2, Dark Territory. The battleship USS Missouri arrives at Pearl Harbor, where George H. W. Bush announces that the ship will be decommissioned in California, Krill and other officers provoke a brawl with Ryback. Unable to imprison Ryback in the brig without clearance from the captain, Krill detains Ryback in a freezer and places a Marine, Private Nash, Strannix forces seize control of the ship with Krills help. Several officers are killed, including Adams, Ryback hears the gunshots and begs Nash to free him, but Nash refuses, thinking it is fireworks. The surviving ships company are imprisoned in the forecastle, except for some stragglers in unsecured areas, Strannix intends to sell the ships Tomahawks by unloading them onto a submarine he previously stole from North Korea. Strannix and his men take over the weapon systems, shooting down a jet sent to investigate. When Rybacks constant insistence causes Private Nash to finally contact the bridge, Krill realizes they forgot about Ryback, Nash is killed, but Ryback eliminates the assassins and also leaves a time bomb for any hostiles investigating their fellows mercenaries disappearance. During his search of the Missouri, he picks up Tate, an innocent decoy in Strannixs plan and he contacts Admiral Bates at the Pentagon on satellite phone, whereupon the Navy informs him about them sending a SEAL team to retake the ship. To keep the plan in place, Krill activates the fire suppression system in the forecastle. The terrorists expect that Ryback will try to save his colleagues, Ryback and Tate hear six sailors banging on pipes in Morse code and rescue them. Together, they overcome the ambush, shut off the water in the forecastle, the Pentagon responds by ordering an air strike that will sink Missouri. Strannix regains control of the weapon systems and loads the Tomahawks onto the submarine. As the sailors recapture the ship, Ryback finds his way into the control room, Ryback disarms Strannix, and the two engage in a knife melee. Ryback gains the hand, kills Strannix, and takes the launch code disk needed to self-destruct the Tomahawk missiles. A fighter jet destroys one of the missiles, and the other is deactivated just in time, the remaining crew members are freed as the ship sails towards San Francisco harbor. A funeral ceremony for Captain Adams is held on the deck of Missouri, the USS Alabama museum ship stood in for most of the Missouri sequences, and the USS Drum portrayed the North Korean submarine
18.
Man of the House (2005 film)
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Man of the House is a 2005 American crime comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and starring Tommy Lee Jones. The main plot revolves around Lt. Roland Sharp, a lonesome Texas Ranger who goes undercover as an assistant cheerleading coach to protect a group of cheerleaders who have witnessed a murder. Much of the film was shot in Austin, Texas on the University of Texas campus, Texas Governor Rick Perry has a cameo appearance in the film as himself. The house used in the film was The Star of Texas Inn, percy is indignant, telling Sharp and Swanson that he is a man of God and hasnt spoken with Ball in years. However, Percys cellphone rings, displaying Balls name, Sharp and Swanson track down Ball to the warehouse, where Ball gives Sharp a key in an attempt to buy him off. Instead, Sharp takes the key and forces Ball outside, where FBI agent Eddie Zane is waiting, as they talk, a sniper begins shooting, wounding Swanson and giving Ball a chance to escape. It is revealed the sniper is after Ball, and a group of cheerleaders from the University of Texas at Austin witness his murder, Agent Zane is found shot in the arm next to Balls body and claims he didnt see the sniper. Anne, Teresa, Evie, Heather and Barb are taken to the police station, Sharp is given the task of protecting the girls at all times, because their fathers are worried about them. The information is relayed to him by the Governor of Texas and it is revealed that Sharp is divorced and has a daughter, Emma who is in high school and doesnt feel as though her father had ever been around. John Cortlin is been exonerated from all charges pressed against him due to a lack of evidence, FBI Agent Zane is revealed to be working with Cortlin, having killed Ball and shot himself in the arm. Cortlin scolds Zane for letting some loose ends escape, and Zane begins searching for Sharp, with Swanson in the hospital recovering from her near-fatal wound, Sharp and two additional rangers must now pick the girls up from school and secure their sorority house. Sharp moves in with the girls and the two men with him move into the fraternity house across the street, where they end up busting a drug deal. Sharp sets some rules, including no cell phones. He also tells them to cover up in his presence, when they fail to comply, he orders a massive industrial air conditioner, forcing them to dress warmly. Other humorous mishaps occur, but Sharps relationship with the girls begins to strengthen, however, Sharp finds himself attracted to Barbs English teacher Molly who calls him into her office to complain about Barbs plagiarism. Later he invites her over for dinner, which the girls coach him through using an earpiece, after they fall asleep, he turns it off and woos Molly himself. He admits to the girls about his last failed marriage and the way he feels about his estranged daughter and this interests Evie, who has a 4.0 GPA and wants to write a paper on Emma. She uses the emergency phone to call her, revealing Sharps location to Zane
19.
The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada
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The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada is a 2005 French-American neo-Western film directed by and starring Tommy Lee Jones and written by Guillermo Arriaga. It also stars Barry Pepper, Julio Cedillo, Dwight Yoakam, the film has many flashbacks and sometimes the same event is shown from different perspectives. Melquiades Estrada, a Mexican illegal immigrant working in Texas as a cowboy, a nearby United States Border Patrol officer, Norton, thinks he is being attacked and shoots back, killing Melquiades. Norton quickly buries Melquiades and does not report anything, Melquiades body is found and is reburied in a local cemetery by the sheriffs office. Evidence that he may have killed by the U. S. Border Patrol is ignored by the sheriff, Belmont, who would prefer to avoid trouble with the Border Patrol. Pete Perkins, a rancher and Melquiades best friend, finds out from a waitress, Rachel, Perkins kidnaps Norton after tying up his wife, Lou Ann, and forces him to dig up Melquiades body. Perkins had promised Melquiades that he would bury him in his town of Jiménez in Mexico if he died in Texas. Perkins undertakes a journey on horseback into Mexico with the body tied to a mule and it is clear to Sheriff Belmont that Perkins has kidnapped Norton, and so police officers and the Border Patrol begin to search for them. Belmont sees them heading towards the Mexico border, but as he takes aim at Perkins, he cant bring himself to shoot and returns to town, on their way across the harsh countryside, the pair experience a series of surrealistic encounters. They spend an afternoon with an elderly blind American man, who listens to Mexican radio for company, the man asks to be shot since there is no one left to take care of him. He does not want to commit suicide because, he argues, Perkins refuses as, if he killed the man, he would offend God. Norton attempts to escape and is bitten by a rattlesnake and eventually discovered by a group of illegal immigrants crossing into Texas, Perkins gives one of them a horse as barter payment for guiding them across the river to an herbal healer. She turns out to be a woman whose nose Norton had broken when he punched her in the face a few weeks previously during an arrest, at Perkinss request, she saves Nortons life before exacting her revenge by breaking Nortons nose with a coffee pot. The captivity, the journey, and the rotting corpse slowly take a profound psychological toll on Norton. At one point the duo encounter a group of Mexican cowboys watching American soap operas on a television hooked up to their pickup truck, the program is the same episode that was airing when Norton had sex with his wife in their trailer earlier in the movie. Norton is visibly shaken and is half a bottle of liquor by one of the cowboys. Nortons wife is shown as she decides to leave the town to return to her home town of Cincinnati
20.
Captain America: The First Avenger
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Captain America, The First Avenger is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Captain America, The First Avenger began as a concept in 1997 and was scheduled for distribution by Artisan Entertainment, however, a lawsuit, not settled until September 2003, disrupted the project. In 2005, Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch, directors Jon Favreau and Louis Leterrier were interested in directing the project before Johnston was approached in 2008. The principal characters were cast between March and June 2010, production of Captain America, The First Avenger began in June 2010, and filming took place in London, Manchester, Caerwent, and Liverpool in the United Kingdom, and Los Angeles in the United States. The film was converted to 3D in post-production, Captain America, The First Avenger premiered in Hollywood on July 19,2011, and was released in the United States on July 22,2011. The film received reviews and was commercially successful, grossing over $370 million worldwide. The Blu-ray and DVD were released on October 25,2011, a sequel titled Captain America, The Winter Soldier was released on April 4,2014, and a third film titled Captain America, Civil War was released on May 6,2016. In the present day, scientists in the Arctic uncover an old, in March 1942, Nazi officer Johann Schmidt and his men steal a mysterious relic called the Tesseract, which possesses untold powers, from the town of Tønsberg in German-occupied Norway. In New York City, Steve Rogers is rejected for World War II military recruitment because of various health, while attending an exhibition of future technologies with his friend, Sgt. James Bucky Barnes, Rogers again attempts to enlist, overhearing Rogers conversation with Barnes about wanting to help in the war, Dr. Abraham Erskine allows Rogers to enlist. He is recruited into the Strategic Scientific Reserve as part of an experiment under Erskine, Col. Chester Phillips. Phillips is unconvinced by Erskines claims that Rogers is the person for the procedure. The night before the treatment, Erskine reveals to Rogers that Schmidt underwent an imperfect version of the procedure, Schmidt and Dr. Arnim Zola harness the energies of the Tesseract, intending to use the power to fuel Zolas inventions, mounting an offensive that will change the world. Schmidt discovers Erskines location and dispatches assassin Heinz Kruger to kill him, Erskine subjects Rogers to the super-soldier treatment, injecting him with a special serum and dosing him with vita-rays. After Rogers emerges from the experiment taller and more muscular, an undercover Kruger kills Erskine, Rogers pursues and captures Kruger, but the assassin avoids interrogation by committing suicide with a cyanide capsule. With Erskine dead and his super-soldier formula lost, U. S, senator Brandt has Rogers tour the nation in a colorful costume as Captain America to promote war bonds while scientists study him and attempt to rediscover the formula. In 1943, while on tour in Italy performing for active servicemen, refusing to believe that Barnes is dead, Rogers has Carter and engineer Howard Stark fly him behind enemy lines to mount a solo rescue attempt
21.
Natural Born Killers
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Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr. Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film was released in the United States on August 26,1994, the film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. Jane Hamsher, Don Murphy, and Clayton Townsend produced the film, with Arnon Milchan, Thom Mount, the film was released theatrically on August 26,1994 in the United States, February 24,1995 and premiered on Venice Film Festival on August 29,1994. Notorious for its violent content and inspiring copycat crimes, the film was named the eighth most controversial film in history by Entertainment Weekly in 2006, Mickey Knox and his wife Mallory stop at a roadside café in the New Mexico desert. A group of rednecks arrive and one begins sexually harassing Mallory and she briefly encourages him before beating him to a pulp. Mickey and Mallory then murder all but one of the patrons, culminating in a morbid game of Eeny, meeny, miny. After executing the waitress Mabel, the couple ensures that the only survivor remembers their names before they embrace, Mickey and Mallory camp out in the desert, and Mallory reminisces about when they first met. A flashback shows Mickey as a deliveryman who came to the house where Mallory lived with her abusive father, her neglectful mother. Mickey and Mallory fall in love instantly and leave together, as Mickey steals a car that belongs to Mallorys father, soon Mickey is arrested and imprisoned for auto theft, but he subsequently escapes from a prison work farm during a tornado and returns to Mallorys house. The two kill Mallorys parents, but spare Kevin, and go on the road together and get married on the side of a bridge, furious with Mickeys notion that they have a threesome, Mallory drives to a nearby gas station, where she flirts with the mechanic. They begin to have sex on the hood of a car, during this time, Mickey rapes the hostage. The pair continue their killing spree, ultimately claiming fifty-two victims in New Mexico, Arizona, pursuing them is Detective Jack Scagnetti, who became obsessed with mass murderers after witnessing his mother being shot and killed by Charles Whitman when he was eight. Beneath his heroic facade, he is a violent psychopath, once strangling a prostitute to death, the killers are also followed by self-serving tabloid journalist Wayne Gale. Gale profiles Mickey and Mallory on his show, American Maniacs, Mickey and Mallory become lost in the desert and encounter Warren Red Cloud, a Navajo Indian, and his young grandson. After the two fall asleep, the Navajo, hoping to expel the demon he perceives in Mickey, begins chanting beside the fire, Mickey wakes up in a rage and fatally shoots Red Cloud before he realizes what he is doing. It is the first time Mallory and Mickey feel guilty for a murder, fleeing from the scene through the desert, they stray onto a field of rattlesnakes and are both bitten. They drive to a drugstore to find snakebite antidote, but the pharmacist sets off the silent alarm before Mickey kills him, soon police cars arrive and Mallory is captured and subsequently beaten by the police. A gunfight breaks out between Mickey and the others, Scagnetti arrives and tells Mickey that unless he surrenders, he will cut off Mallorys breasts
22.
Howard Hughes
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Howard Robard Hughes Jr. was an American businessman, investor, pilot, film director, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. He first made a name for himself as a film producer, later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle, oddities that were caused in part by a worsening obsessive–compulsive disorder and chronic pain from a plane crash. As a maverick film tycoon, Hughes gained prominence in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s, when he made big-budget and often controversial films like The Racket, Hells Angels, later he controlled the RKO film studio. Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932, hiring numerous engineers and designers and he spent the rest of the 1930s setting multiple world air speed records and building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules. He acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines and later acquired Air West, Hughes was included in Flying Magazines list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation, ranked at No.25. Today, his legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the birthplace of Howard Hughes is recorded as either Humble or Houston, Texas. The date remains uncertain due to conflicting dates from various sources and he repeatedly claimed that his birthday was on Christmas Eve. A1941 affidavit birth certificate of Hughes that was signed by his aunt Annette Gano Lummis and Estelle Boughton Sharp states that he was born on December 24,1905, in Harris County, Texas. Hughes was the son of Allene Stone Gano and Howard R. Hughes Sr. a successful inventor and he was of English, and some French Huguenot, ancestry, and was a descendant of John Gano, a minister who allegedly baptized George Washington. His father had patented the two-cone roller bit, which allowed rotary drilling for petroleum in previously inaccessible places, the senior Hughes made the shrewd and lucrative decision to commercialize the invention by leasing the bits instead of selling them, and founded the Hughes Tool Company in 1909. Hughes uncle was the famed novelist, screenwriter, and film director Rupert Hughes, at a young age, Hughes demonstrated interest in science and technology. In particular, he had great engineering aptitude and built Houstons first wireless radio transmitter at age 11 and he went on to be one of the first licensed ham radio operators in Houston, having the assigned callsign W5CY. At 12, Hughes was photographed in the newspaper, identified as being the first boy in Houston to have a motorized bicycle. He was an indifferent student, with a liking for mathematics, flying and he took his first flying lesson at 14, and later attended math and aeronautical engineering courses at Caltech. The red brick house where Hughes lived as a teenager at 3921 Yoakum St. Houston today serves as the headquarters of the Theology Department of the University of St. Thomas and his mother Allene died in March 1922 from complications of an ectopic pregnancy. Howard Hughes Sr. died of an attack in 1924. Their deaths apparently inspired Hughes to include the creation of a research laboratory in the will that he signed in 1925 at age 19. Howard Sr. s will had not been updated since Allenes death, on his 19th birthday, Hughes was declared an emancipated minor, enabling him to take full control of his life
23.
Radical Republican
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The Radical Republicans were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. During the war, Radical Republicans often opposed Lincoln in terms of selection of generals, Radicals pushed for the uncompensated abolition of slavery, while Lincoln wanted to pay slave owners who were loyal to the Union. After the war, the Radicals demanded civil rights for freedmen and they initiated the various Reconstruction Acts, and limited political and voting rights for ex-Confederate civil officials, military officers and soldiers. They bitterly fought President Andrew Johnson, they weakened his powers and attempted to remove him from office through impeachment, the term radical was in common use in the anti-slavery movement before the Civil War, referring not to abolitionists but to Northern politicians strongly opposed to Slave Power. There was movement in both directions, some of the pre-war radicals became more conservative during the war, while some prewar moderates became Radicals, some wartime radicals had been conservative Democrats before the war, often taking proslavery positions. The Radicals were never organized, and there was movement in. Their most successful and systematic leader was Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens in the House of Representatives, the Democrats were strongly opposed to the Radicals, but they were generally a weak minority in politics until they took control of the House in the 1874 congressional elections. The moderate and conservative Republican factions usually opposed the radicals, Lincoln tried to build a multi-faction coalition, including radicals, conservatives, moderates, and War Democrats, while he was often opposed by the Radicals, he never ostracized them. Andrew Johnson was thought to be a Radical when he became president in 1865, Johnson, however, was so inept as a politician he was unable to form a cohesive support network. Finally in 1872, the Liberal Republicans, most of them ex-radicals, ran a presidential campaign and they argued that Grant and the Radicals were corrupt, and had imposed Reconstruction far too long on the South. They were overwhelmingly defeated and collapsed as a movement, on issues not concerned with the Slave Power, the destruction of the Confederacy, the eradication of slavery and the rights of the Freedmen, Radicals took positions all over the political map. For example, Radicals who had once been Whigs generally supported high tariffs, some men were for hard money and no inflation, and others were for soft money and inflation. On foreign policy issues, the Radicals and moderates generally did not take distinctive positions, after the 1860 elections, moderate Republicans dominated the Congress. Radical Republicans were often critical of Lincoln, who believed was too slow in freeing slaves. Lincoln put all factions in his cabinet, including Radicals like Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln appointed many Radical Republicans, such as journalist James Shepherd Pike, to key diplomatic positions. Angry with Lincoln, in 1864 some Radicals briefly formed a party called the Radical Democracy Party with John C. Frémont as their candidate for president, until Frémont withdrew, an important Republican opponent of the Radical Republicans was Henry Jarvis Raymond. Raymond was both editor of the New York Times and also a chairman of the Republican National Committee, in Congress the most influential Radical Republicans were U. S
24.
Thaddeus Stevens
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Thaddeus Stevens was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s. A fierce opponent of slavery and discrimination against African-Americans, Stevens sought to secure their rights during Reconstruction, Stevens was born in rural Vermont, in poverty, and with a club foot, giving him a limp he kept his entire life. He moved to Pennsylvania as a man, and quickly became a successful lawyer in Gettysburg. He interested himself in municipal affairs, and then in politics and he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, where he became a strong advocate of free public education. Financial setbacks in 1842 caused him to move his home and practice to the city of Lancaster. There, he joined the Whig Party, and was elected to Congress in 1848 and his activities as a lawyer and politician in opposition to slavery cost him votes and he did not seek reelection in 1852. After a brief flirtation with the Know-Nothing Party, Stevens joined the newly formed Republican Party, there, with fellow radicals such as Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner, he opposed the expansion of slavery and concessions to the South as war came. Stevens argued that slavery should not survive the war, he was frustrated by the slowness of President Abraham Lincoln to support his position and he guided the governments financial legislation through the House as Ways and Means chairman. His plans went too far for the Moderate Republicans and were not enacted, after Lincolns assassination in April 1865, Stevens came into conflict with the new president, Johnson, who sought rapid restoration of the seceded states without guarantees for freedmen. The difference in views caused a battle between Johnson and Congress, with Stevens leading the Radical Republicans. After gains in the 1866 election the radicals took control of Reconstruction away from Johnson, Stevenss last great battle was to secure articles of impeachment in the House against Johnson, though the Senate did not convict the President. Stevens was born in Danville, Vermont, on April 4,1792 and he was the second of four children, all boys, and was named to honor the Polish general who served in the American Revolution, Thaddeus Kościuszko. His parents were Baptists who had emigrated from Massachusetts around 1786, Thaddeus was born with a club foot, at the time seen as a judgment from God for secret parental sin—and his older brother was born with the condition in both feet. The boys father, Joshua Stevens, was a farmer and cobbler who struggled to make a living in Vermont, after fathering two more sons Joshua abandoned the children and his wife Sarah. The circumstances of his departure and his subsequent fate are uncertain, Sarah Stevens struggled to make a living from the farm, with the increasing aid of her sons. She was determined that her sons improve themselves, and in 1807 moved the family to the town of Peacham. He suffered much from the taunts of his classmates for his disability, later accounts describe him there as wilful, headstrong with an overwhelming burning desire to secure an education. After graduation, he enrolled at Burlington College of the University of Vermont, Stevens then enrolled in the sophomore class at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire
25.
Lincoln (film)
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Lincoln is a 2012 American epic historical drama film directed by Steven Spielberg, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln. The film also features Sally Field, David Strathairn, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, James Spader, Hal Holbrook, the film was produced by Spielberg and frequent collaborator Kathleen Kennedy, through their respective production companies, Amblin Entertainment and the Kennedy/Marshall Company. Filming began October 17,2011, and ended on December 19,2011, Lincoln premiered on October 8,2012 at the New York Film Festival. The film was co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Participant Media, the film was distributed by Fox in international territories. Lincoln received widespread acclaim, with major praise directed to the acting, especially Day-Lewis performance. In December 2012, the film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director for Spielberg and winning Best Actor for Day-Lewis. At the 85th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for twelve Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director, it won for Best Production Design, the film was also a commercial success, grossing over $275 million at the box office. In January 1865, President Abraham Lincoln expects the Civil War to end soon – perhaps within a month – with the defeat of the Confederate States. Lincoln feels it is imperative to pass the amendment before that, even if all of them are ultimately brought on board, the amendment will still require the support of several Democratic congressmen if it is to pass. Lincoln, however, remains adamant about having the amendment in place and the issue of slavery settled before the war is concluded, therefore, in return for his support, Blair insists that Lincoln allow him to immediately engage the Confederate government in peace negotiations. Unable to proceed without Blairs support, however, Lincoln reluctantly authorizes Blairs mission, in the meantime, Lincoln and Secretary of State William Seward work on the issue of securing the necessary Democratic votes for the amendment. Furthermore, those members will soon be in need of employment, and Lincoln will have many federal jobs to fill as he begins his second term, which he sees as a tool he can use to his advantage. Meanwhile, Confederate envoys are ready to meet with Lincoln to discuss terms for peace, a rumor of their mission circulates, prompting both Democrats and conservative Republicans to advocate postponing the vote on the amendment. But in a carefully worded statement, Lincoln denies that there are envoys in Washington, black visitors to the gallery celebrate, and Stevens returns home to his housekeeper and lover, a mixed-race woman. On April 3, Lincoln visits the battlefield at Petersburg, Virginia, six days later, Grant receives General Robert E. Lees surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. The next morning at the Petersen House, Lincoln dies, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton declares, Lincoln is seen again delivering his second inaugural address. His performance as Abraham Lincoln earned him his third Academy Award for Best Actor, Sally Field as First Lady Mary Todd LincolnField was first announced to join the cast as early as September 2007, but officially joined the cast in April 2011. Field said, To have the opportunity to work with Steven Spielberg and Daniel Day-Lewis and to one of the most complicated
26.
Gary Gilmore
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Gary Mark Gilmore was an American criminal who gained international notoriety for demanding the implementation of his death sentence for two murders he committed in Utah. After the U. S. Supreme Court upheld a new series of death penalty statutes in the 1976 decision Gregg v. Georgia, Gilmore was executed by firing squad in 1977. Gary Mark Gilmore was born in McCamey, Texas, on December 4,1940, the other sons were Frank, Jr. Gaylen, and the writer and music journalist Mikal Gilmore. Frank Gilmore Sr. an alcoholic con man, had other wives and families, on a whim he married Bessie, a Mormon outcast from Provo, Utah, in Sacramento, California. Gary was born while they were living in Texas under the pseudonym of Coffman to avoid the law, Frank christened his son Faye Robert Coffman, but once they left Texas, Bessie changed it to Gary Mark. This name change proved to be a sore point years later, franks mother Fay kept the original Faye Coffman birth certificate, and when Gary found it two decades later, he assumed he must be either illegitimate or someone elses son. He seized on this as the reason that he and his father never got along, he became very upset, the theme of illegitimacy, real or imagined, was common in the Gilmore family. Frank, Sr. s mother Fay Gilmore once told Bessie that Frank, Sr. s father was a magician who had passed through Sacramento. Bessie researched this at the library and concluded that Frank was the son of Harry Houdini. In fact Houdini was only sixteen years old in 1890, the year of Frank Gilmores birth, Mikal Gilmore, Garys youngest brother, believes the story to be false, but has stated that both his father and mother believed it. During Garys childhood, the family frequently relocated throughout the Western United States, Gary had a troubled relationship with his father, whom his youngest brother Mikal described as a cruel and unreasonable man. Frank Gilmore, Sr. was strict and quick to anger, less often, he would beat his wife. He mellowed somewhat with age, Mikal reported that Frank whipped him only once, in addition, Frank and Bessie would argue loudly and verbally abuse each other. Frank would anger Bessie by calling her crazy, and defame Brigham Young, Bessie would retaliate by calling him a Cat-licker and threatening to kill him some night. This abuse continued for years, and caused considerable turmoil within the Gilmore family, in 1952, the Gilmore family settled in Portland, Oregon. As an adolescent, Gary began engaging in petty crime, although Gilmore had an IQ test score of 133, gained high scores on both aptitude and achievement tests, and showed artistic talent, he dropped out of high school in the ninth grade. He ran away from home with a friend to Texas, returning to Portland after several months, at the age of 14, he started a small car theft ring with friends, which resulted in his first arrest. He was released to his father with a warning, two weeks later he was back in court on another car theft charge
27.
Douglas MacArthur
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Douglas MacArthur was an American five-star general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and he received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur, Jr. the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of five men ever to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the US Army. During the 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz, he conducted a reconnaissance mission, in 1917, he was promoted from major to colonel and became chief of staff of the 42nd Division. From 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U. S, Military Academy at West Point, where he attempted a series of reforms. His next assignment was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny, in 1925, he became the Armys youngest major general. He served on the martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell and was president of the American Olympic Committee during the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army, as such, he was involved in the expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters from Washington, D. C. in 1932, and the establishment and organization of the Civilian Conservation Corps. He retired from the US Army in 1937 to become Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines, MacArthur was recalled to active duty in 1941 as commander of United States Army Forces in the Far East. A series of disasters followed, starting with the destruction of his air forces on 8 December 1941, MacArthurs forces were soon compelled to withdraw to Bataan, where they held out until May 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur, his family and his staff left nearby Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia, upon his arrival in Australia, MacArthur gave a speech in which he famously promised I shall return to the Philippines. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor, after more than two years of fighting in the Pacific, he fulfilled a promise to return to the Philippines. He officially accepted Japans surrender on 2 September 1945, aboard USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay, as the effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw sweeping economic, political and social changes. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War until he was removed from command by President Harry S. Truman on 11 April 1951 and he later became Chairman of the Board of Remington Rand. A military brat, Douglas MacArthur was born 26 January 1880, at Little Rock Barracks, Little Rock, Arkansas, to Arthur MacArthur, Jr. a U. S. Army captain, Pinkney came from a prominent Norfolk, Virginia, family. Two of her brothers had fought for the South in the Civil War, Arthur and Pinky had three sons, of whom Douglas was the youngest, following Arthur III, born on 1 August 1876, and Malcolm, born on 17 October 1878. The family lived on a succession of Army posts in the American Old West, conditions were primitive, and Malcolm died of measles in 1883. In his memoir, Reminiscences, MacArthur wrote I learned to ride and shoot even before I could read or write—indeed and this time on the frontier ended in July 1889 when the family moved to Washington, D. C. where Douglas attended the Force Public School
28.
Emperor (film)
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Emperor is a 2012 American-Japanese post-World War II film directed by Peter Webber, marking his first film in five years. Tommy Lee Jones and Matthew Fox star in roles as General Douglas MacArthur. It is a joint American and Japanese production, Brigadier-General Bonner Fellers is sent to Japan as a part of the occupation force. He is tasked with arresting Japanese war criminals, including Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, before he departs, he privately orders his Japanese interpreter, Takahashi, to locate his Japanese girlfriend, Aya Shimada. After arresting Tojo, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, doing so could lead to a revolt, but the American people want the Emperor to stand trial for Japans actions. MacArthur gives Fellers ten days to investigate the Emperor, when Takahashi informs Fellers that Ayas Tokyo apartment was bombed. Fellers orders him to investigate her hometown, Shizuoka, Fellers and his staff compile a list of people who were with Emperor Hirohito when the war started. Because none of the Japanese who are friendly to the Americans are among them, during a visit to Sugamo Prison, Fellers demands Tojo give him three names. He, instead, gives one, Fumimaro Konoe, the prime minister. Fellers goes to Konoes home and asks him if the Emperor was responsible for starting the war, Konoe gives no conclusive evidence, but directs Fellers to Kōichi Kido, Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. While Fellers waits to meet with Kido, he recalls the time before the war when Aya suddenly returned to Japan, Takahashi informs Fellers Kido will not show up. Fellers recalls his 1940 visit to Tokyo when he reunited with Aya and he learns Aya returned to Japan after her father became ill and died. In a banquet at MacArthurs residence, Brigadier-General Richter informs Fellers that MacArthur will not look bad to the American public, after the banquet, Takahashi informs Fellers Shizuoka was bombed, Fellers immediately travels there. He is devastated by the damage and orders Takahashi to find a list of the dead, Fellers recalls his visit to Ayas uncle, General Kajima, for help with a paper on the mindset of the Japanese soldier. Kajima insists if America and Japan were at war, the Japanese would win because of the Japanese soldiers sense of duty to the Emperor, when Fellers returns to Tokyo, he decides he must interview Teizaburō Sekiya, a member of the Privy Council. Sekiya, like Konoe, does not give any evidence to exonerate the Emperor, during Fellers interview with Kido, he discusses the time before the Japanese surrender. The Supreme Councils deadlock between those in favour of surrender and those who were not led the Emperor to address the Council, because there were strong militarists in the army, the Emperor made an audio recording of his order to surrender. Before the recording could be broadcast, the militarists attempted a coup, the Emperor and Kido survived and broadcast the recording
29.
Loretta Lynn
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Loretta Lynn is an American country music singer-songwriter with multiple gold albums over a career of almost 60 years. She is the most awarded female recording artist and the only female ACM Artist of the Decade. Lynn is the second of eight born to Clara Marie Clary and Melvin Theodore Ted Webb. In January 1948, 15-year-old Loretta married Oliver Doolittle Lynn and their life together inspired the music she wrote. In 1953 Doolittle bought her a $17 Harmony guitar and she often appeared at Bills Tavern in Blaine, Washington, and the Delta Grange Hall in Custer, Washington, with the Pen Brothers band and the Westerneers. She cut her first record, Im a Honky Tonk Girl and she became a part of the country music scene in Nashville in the 1960s. In 1967 she had the first of 16 number-one hits and her later hits include Dont Come Home A Drinkin, You Aint Woman Enough, Fist City, and Coal Miners Daughter. Lynn focused on womens issues with themes about philandering husbands and persistent mistresses. Country music radio stations refused to play her music, banning nine of her songs. She and contemporaries like Tammy Wynette provided a template for artists in country music to follow. Her best-selling 1976 autobiography, Coal Miners Daughter, was made into an Academy Award–winning film of the title in 1980, starring Sissy Spacek. Her album Van Lear Rose, released in 2004, was produced by the rock musician Jack White, Lynn and White were nominated for five Grammys. Lynn has received awards in country and American music. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2013, Lynn has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry since joining on September 25,1962, her first appearance on the Grand Ole Opry was on October 15,1960. Lynn has recorded 70 albums, including 54 studio albums,15 compilation albums, and one tribute album, Lynn was born and raised in Butcher Hollow, Van Lear, Kentucky, a mining community near Paintsville. Her mother was of Scots-Irish and Cherokee ancestry, Loretta was the second of eight children. She was named after the film star Loretta Young, Ted Webb never got to see his daughter become famous, as he died in 1959 of coalworkers pneumoconiosis before Lorettas first single, Im A Honky Tonk Girl, was released. Besides her famous siblings and children who perform, she is related to the country singer Patty Loveless on her mothers side and she is also related, on her mothers side, to Venus Ramey, Miss America of 1944
30.
Coal Miner's Daughter (film)
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Coal Miners Daughter is a 1980 American biographical film which tells the story of country music singer Loretta Lynn. It stars Sissy Spacek as Loretta, a role that earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress, Tommy Lee Jones as Lorettas husband Mooney Lynn, Beverly DAngelo and Levon Helm also star. The film was directed by Michael Apted, Levon Helm made his screen debut as Lorettas father, Ted Webb. Ernest Tubb, Roy Acuff, and Minnie Pearl all make appearances as themselves. The film was adapted from Loretta Lynns 1976 autobiography written with George Vecsey, at the time of the films release, Loretta was 48 years old. In 1945, 13-year-old Loretta Webb is one of eight children of Ted Webb, in 1948, at the age of 15, she marries 22-year-old Oliver Vanetta Lynn, Jr. becoming a mother of four by the time she is 19. Now known as Loretta Lynn, she singing the occasional songs at local honky-tonks on weekends as well as making the occasional radio appearance. When she is 25, Norm Burley—the owner of Zero Records, burley gives the couple the money needed to travel to Los Angeles to cut a demo tape from which her first single, Im a Honky Tonk Girl, would be made. After returning home from the sessions, Doo suggests that they go on a tour to push the record. He shoots his own publicity photo for her, and spends many nights writing letters to show promoters. After Loretta receives a phone call from her mother telling her that her father had died, she and Doo hit the road with records, photos. The two embark on a promotional tour of radio stations across the South. En route, and unbeknownst to the pair, Lorettas first single, Im a Honky Tonk Girl, hits the charts based on radio and jukebox plays, and earns her a spot on the Grand Ole Opry. After seventeen straight weekly performances on the Opry, she is invited to sing at the Ernest Tubb Record Shop Midnite Jamboree after her performance that night. Cline listens to the broadcast that night from her hospital room, a long and close friendship with Patsy Cline follows, and ends only by the tragic death of her idol in a plane crash on March 5,1963. Extensive touring, keeping up her image, overwork, and a deal of stress cause her a nervous breakdown. However, after a year off at her ranch, in Hurricane Mills, Tennessee, Loretta goes back on the road in fine form, some months later Doo drives Loretta at breakneck speed to a site for a proposed new house. They argue about where to put the bedrooms, and finally Doo jokingly says that, if they cant settle the question about where to put the bedrooms, then hell live in a treehouse at the top of a hill
31.
Ty Cobb
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Tyrus Raymond Ty Cobb, nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia, Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the teams player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1999, editors at the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb 3rd on their list of Baseballs 100 Greatest Players, Cobb is widely credited with setting 90 MLB records during his career. He still holds records as of the end of the 2016 season, including the highest career batting average. He still holds the record for stealing home and for stealing second base, third base, and home in succession. Cobb ranks fifth all-time in number of games played and committed 271 errors, Cobbs legacy as an athlete has sometimes been overshadowed by his surly temperament and aggressive playing style, which was described by the Detroit Free Press as daring to the point of dementia. Cobb himself wrote shortly before his death, In legend I am a sadistic, Cobb was notorious for sliding into bases feet first, with his spikes high. Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a rural community of farmers that was not an official city or village at the time. He was the first of three born to William Herschel Cobb and Amanda Chitwood Cobb. Cobbs father was a state senator, when he was still an infant, his parents moved to nearby Royston, where he was raised. He played his first years in organized baseball for the Royston Rompers, the semi-pro Royston Reds, and he then tried out for the Anniston Steelers of the semipro Tennessee–Alabama League, with his fathers stern admonition ringing in his ears, Dont come home a failure. Eventually, Rice wrote a note in the Journal that a young fellow named Cobb seems to be showing an unusual lot of talent. After about three months, Cobb returned to the Tourists and finished the season hitting.237 in 35 games, in August 1905, the management of the Tourists sold Cobb to the American Leagues Detroit Tigers for US$750. On August 8,1905, Cobbs mother fatally shot his father with a pistol that his father had purchased for her, court records indicate that Mr. Cobb had suspected his wife of infidelity and was sneaking past his own bedroom window to catch her in the act. She saw the silhouette of what she presumed to be an intruder and, acting in self-defense, shot, Mrs. Cobb was charged with murder and then released on a $7,000 recognizance bond. She was acquitted on March 31,1906, Cobb later attributed his ferocious play to his late father, saying, I did it for my father. He never got to see me play, but I knew he was watching me, and I never let him down. In 1911, Cobb moved to Detroits architecturally significant and now historically protected Woodbridge neighborhood, the Victorian duplex in which Cobb lived still stands
32.
Cobb (film)
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Cobb is a 1994 biopic starring Tommy Lee Jones as the famed baseball player Ty Cobb. The picture was written and directed by Ron Shelton and based on a book by Al Stump, the original music score was composed by Elliot Goldenthal. Sportswriter Al Stump is hired in 1960 as ghostwriter of an autobiography of baseball player Tyrus Raymond Ty Cobb. Now 73 and in failing health, Cobb wants an official biography to set the record straight before he dies, Stump arrives at Cobbs Lake Tahoe estate to write the official life story of the first baseball player inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. He finds a continually-drunken, misanthropic, bitter racist who abuses his biographer as well as everyone else he comes in contact with, although Cobbs home is luxurious, it is without heat, power and running water due to long-running violent disputes between Cobb and utility companies. Cobb also rapidly runs through domestic workers, hiring and firing them in quick succession, Cobb almost gets killed in an automobile accident off the Donner Pass, driving recklessly in a blizzard. Stump rescues him, but Cobb then seizes control of Stumps car until he gets into another accident, the car has to be towed to Reno. Stump and Cobb go see a show at a Reno resort hotel featuring Keely Smith and Louis Prima, a cigarette girl, Ramona, becomes interested in Stump, but when Cobb barges into the hotel room, hes in a jealous rage. He takes Ramona to another room, where he physically abuses her, Cobb is haunted by images from his violent past as he views film footage of his career. From there, Cobb and Stump drive south to Cobbs native Georgia, Cobb begins to regard Stump as a friend of sorts, it is clear his conduct has driven away virtually all his legitimate friends and family. Stump writes two books simultaneously, the one Cobb expects, and his own, sensational, merciless account which will reveal the real Cobb, warts and all. Stump plans to complete Cobbs version while the old man is alive, guaranteeing his payment for the project, letting Cobb die happy. After a long night of drinking when his own life begins to unravel. Cobb discovers his notes for the version, bringing on an epic explosion. Cobb begins to cough up blood and is taken to a hospital, Stump is conflicted in his opinion of Cobb, and, in the end, completes the glowing autobiography Cobb hired him to write. Much of the Cobb location filming was done in Northern Nevada, the hotel check-in was at the Morris Hotel on Fourth Street in Reno. Casino, outdoor and entry shots were done outside Cactus Jacks Hotel and Casino in Carson City, the late baseball announcer Ernie Harwell, a Ford Frick Award recipient, is featured as emcee at a Cooperstown, New York awards banquet. Carson City free-lance photographer Bob Wilkie photographed many still scenes for Nevada Magazine, the Associated Press, Tommy Lee Jones was shooting this film when he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Fugitive
33.
Mark Toland
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Mark Toland is a fictional character from the American soap opera One Life to Live. He was portrayed by Tommy Lee Jones from February 1971 until the onscreen death in 1975. A young and up-and-coming doctor, Mark is first shown as a suave, after a nervous breakdown following a devastating breakup, the sororal niece of protagonist Joe Riley, Julie Siegel, meets Llanview newbie resident physician Dr. Mark Toland of Texas in February 1971. Mark and Julie soon marry months later on May 5, Mark and Julie seek couples therapy through 1972 with no avail in the bedroom. By May 1973, Dr. Toland begins to seek solace in newly arrived Dr. Dorian Cramer. The mistake causes Mark to prescribe an overdosage of Rachels medicine, suspicion is soon cast on Larry, who is arrested for Rachels suspected mercy killing, no one aware of Dorian and Marks involvement. Both Mark and Dorian agreed to keep quiet on their complicity in the patient death, wrought with grief and guilt, Dorian advises Mark of her decision to inform hospital chief-of-staff Dr. Jim Craig of her complicity in Rachels death. The news frightens Mark who, afraid of criminal charges and revocation of his medical license. Dorian clumsily tumbles down behind Mark, leading to a concussion which causes her to fall into a brief coma, determined, Tom continues on his way and escapes to South America. Eventually, Dorian emerges from her coma and testifies to police, exonerating Larry, Dorian is suspended by a near unanimous vote in December 1974, save for board member Victoria Viki Lord Riley, who Dorian mistakenly assumes was the deciding vote—and on whom she swears revenge. After moving into the Llanfair, Dorian uncovers news that newly arrived Tony Harris was Victors long-lost son, concurrently, Mark incidentally meets Vikis maternal aunt Dorothy Randolph, who divulges her son Tony Harris to be Victors first-born child. Llanview Labyrinth — Dr. Mark Toland
34.
One Life to Live
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Created by Agnes Nixon, the series was the first daytime drama to primarily feature ethnically and socioeconomically diverse characters and consistently emphasize social issues. One Life to Live was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26,1976, One Life to Live heavily focuses on the members and relationships of the Lord family. In 2002, the series won an Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series, One Life to Live was the last American daytime soap opera taped in New York City. After nearly 43 years on the air, ABC canceled One Life to Live on April 14,2011. On July 7,2011, production company Prospect Park announced that it would continue the show as a web series after its run on ABC, but later suspended the project. The show taped its final scenes for ABC on November 18,2011, on January 7,2013, Prospect Park resumed its plan to continue One Life to Live as a daily 30-minute web series on Hulu and iTunes via The Online Network. The relaunched series premiered on April 29,2013, the new series was plagued with several behind-the-scenes problems, most notably a litigation between Prospect Park and ABC regarding the misuse of One Life to Live characters on General Hospital. On September 3,2013, Prospect Park suspended production of the series until the lawsuit with ABC was resolved, impressed with the ratings success of NBCs Another World, ABC sought out Another World writer Nixon to create a serial for them. One Life to Live would emphasize the ethnic and socioeconomic diversity of the characters in its fictional setting, Nixon would go on to create All My Children in 1970 and Loving in 1983. One Life to Lives first sponsor was the Colgate-Palmolive company, who also sponsored The Doctors, ABC bought the show from Nixon in December 1974 when they purchased all stock to her Creative Horizons, Inc. The show was originally a half-hour serial until it was expanded to 45 minutes on July 23,1976, One Life to Live is set in the fictional city of Llanview, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Long-suffering heroine Viki weathered love and loss, widowhood, rape, divorce, stroke, and breast cancer, Viki also had heart problems and received a transplant from her dying husband Ben Davidson. Featured male protagonist Dr. Larry Wolek also appeared at the episode and for 36 years. The 1980s brought great success and rose to prominence Vikis sister, Tina. One Life to Live celebrated its 40th anniversary in July 2008 with the return of former cast members. Deceased characters and even creator Agnes Nixon appeared in a storyline in which Slezaks Viki dies and visits Heaven, Daytime Emmy-nominee Andrea Evans and others returned for a tribute to Tina Lords famous 1987 plunge over the Iguazu Falls and the 1990 royal wedding in fictional Mendorra. And like the 1988 Old West storyline in which the character Clint Buchanan steps back 100 years in the past, on July 21,2008, Robert S. This studio was made available by the move of sister serial All My Children to a facility in Los Angeles
35.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
36.
Cherokee
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The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian language group. The Cherokee were one of the first, if not the first, article 8 in the 1817 treaty with the Cherokee stated Cherokees may wish to become citizens of the United States. The Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma has around 300,000 tribal members, in addition, numerous groups claiming Cherokee lineage, some of which are state-recognized, have members who are among those 819, 000-plus people claiming Cherokee ancestry on the US census. Of the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes, the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians have headquarters in Tahlequah, the UKB are mostly descendants of Old Settlers, Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817. They are related to the Cherokee who were relocated there in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is on the Qualla Boundary in western North Carolina, the Cherokee refer to themselves as Ani-Yunwiya, which means Principal People. Many theories—though none proven—abound about the origin of the name Cherokee and it may have originally been derived from the Choctaw word Cha-la-kee, which means people who live in the mountains, or Choctaw Chi-luk-ik-bi, meaning people who live in the cave country. The earliest Spanish rendering of the name Cherokee, from 1755, is Tchalaquei, Another theory is that Cherokee derives from a Lower Creek word, Cvlakke. The Iroquois in New York have historically called the Cherokee Oyata’geronoñ, Tsalagi is sometimes misused as a name for the people, Tsalagi is actually the Cherokee word for the Cherokee language. There are two theories of Cherokee origins. Another theory is that the Cherokee had been in the Southeast for thousands of years, researchers in the 19th century recorded conversations with elders who recounted an oral tradition of the Cherokee peoples migrating south from the Great Lakes region in ancient times. They may have moved south into Muscogee Creek territory and settled at the sites of mounds built by the Mississippian culture, in the 19th century, European-American settlers mistakenly attributed several Mississippian culture sites to the Cherokee, including Moundville and Etowah Mounds. However, the Cherokee did not reach this part of Georgia until the late 18th century, pre-contact Cherokee are considered to be part of the later Pisgah Phase of Southern Appalachia, which lasted from circa 1000 to 1500. During the late Archaic and Woodland Period, Indians in the region began to cultivate plants such as elder, lambsquarters, pigweed, sunflowers. People created new art forms such as shell gorgets, adopted new technologies, during the Mississippian Culture-period, local women developed a new variety of maize called eastern flint corn. It closely resembled modern corn and produced larger crops, the successful cultivation of corn surpluses allowed the rise of larger, more complex chiefdoms with several villages and concentrated populations during this period. Corn became celebrated among numerous peoples in ceremonies, especially the Green Corn Ceremony. Much of what is known about pre-18th-century Native American cultures has come from records of Spanish expeditions, the earliest ones of the mid-16th-century encountered people of the Mississippian culture, the ancestors to later tribes in the Southeast such as the Muscogee and Catawba
37.
Midland, Texas
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Midland is a city in and the county seat of Midland County, Texas, United States, on the Southern Plains of the states western area. A small portion of the city extends into Martin County, at the 2010 census, the population of Midland was 111,147, and a 2015 estimate gave a total of 132,950, making it the twenty-fourth most populous city in the state of Texas. Due to the oil boom in Midland, certain officials have given population estimates above 155,000, the metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland−Odessa, Texas Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 295,987 on July 1,2012. People in Midland are called Midlanders, Midland was founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1881. It is the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush, and the home of former Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. Midland was established in June 1881 as Midway Station, on the Texas, Midland became the county seat of Midland County in March 1885, when that county was first organized and separated from Tom Green County. By 1890, it had one of the most important cattle shipping centers in the state. The city was incorporated in 1906, and by 1910 the city established its first fire department, soon, Midland was transformed into the administrative center of the West Texas oil fields. During the Second World War, Midland was the largest bombardier training base in the country, a second boom period began after the war, with the discovery and development of the Spraberry Trend, still ranked as the third-largest oil field in the United States by total reserves. Yet another boom period took place during the 1970s, with the oil prices associated with the oil. Today, the Permian Basin produces one fifth of the total petroleum. Midlands economy still relies heavily on petroleum, however, the city has diversified to become a regional telecommunications. By August 2006, a period of crude oil production had caused a significant workforce deficit. According to the Midland Chamber of Commerce, at that time there were almost 2,000 more jobs available in the Permian Basin than there were workers to fill them, John Howard Griffin wrote a history of Midland in 1959, Land of the High Sky. In 1967, the U. S. Supreme Court heard the case of Avery v. Midland County, Midland mayor Hank Avery had sued Midland County, challenging the electoral-districting scheme in effect for elections to the County Commissioners Court. The county districts geographically quartered the county, but the city of Midland, in the northwestern quarter, the majority of the U. S. Supreme Court held that the districting inequality violated the Fourteenth Amendments Equal Protection clause. The dissenting minority held that this example of the Warren Courts policy of incorporation at the local-government level exceeded the Courts constitutional authority, Midland is located at 32°0′N 102°6′W, in the Permian Basin in the plains of West Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 71.5 square miles
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Robert E. Lee High School (Midland, Texas)
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Robert E. Lee High School, also known as Midland Lee, is a public, co-educational secondary school in Midland, Texas. Lee High School is a part of the Midland Independent School District, Lee Freshman High School is the 9th grade campus that feeds into Lee High School. The Robert E. Lee Senior High School campus houses sophomores through seniors, the hours of attendance for Lee High School are 8, 50-4,05. Lee High School follows a curriculum, with the main focus of standardized testing aimed towards the TAKS test. However, students are encouraged to take the PSAT their junior year and SATs their senior year, with SAT IIs, APs, and ACT tests falling significantly behind in number of students involved. | GPA is determined on a weighted 6.0 scale, with Honors/GT and AP classes weighted the same, Advanced classes weighted less, upon request, Lee will calculate a students GPA on a traditional 4.0 scale- a requirement of most out of state schools. Required Courses, Lee High School requires its students to complete PE credits, Arts credits, take a class, a government class. As per the state of Texas, all classes taught are taught abstinence only. Students are encouraged to sign abstinence pledges in 8th grade Study Skills classes as well as in tenth grade during an out-of-class presentation. Seven vocal ensembles Midland Lee has fielded successful varsity and junior varsity teams in football National Champions, baseball, basketball, volleyball, swimming, diving, tennis. Midland Lee competes in UIL district 6A, Lee High Schools athletics program follows UIL policies, and enforces all of its participating students to be passing all of their classes in order for them to compete in any athletic event. Laura Bush, former First Lady - Graduated in 1964 Andy Fickman General Tommy Franks, retired General in the United States Army and former Commander of the U. S. Central Command Tommy Lee Jones, actor and director Susan Graham, opera singer Junior Miller, National Football League tight end *Pro Bowl,8081 Randy Velarde, former MLB player. Williams, former member of the Texas Railroad Commission and 2012 congressional candidate Eric Winston, National Football League offensive tackle Austin Ligon, Co-Founder and Former CEO, CarMax, Inc. Tyrone Thurman, All-American Texas Tech football player Jake Young, football player Robert E. Lee High School Lee Freshman High School
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St. Mark's School of Texas
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Marks School of Texas is a nonsectarian preparatory day school for boys located in Dallas, Texas, US. The school offers grades 1–12 and is accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest, Marks traces its origins to the Terrill School for Boys, which was founded by Menter B. The six original teachers included Terrill, who had been valedictorian at Yale, as well as his wife, Ada, and his father, James, Terrills school was explicitly intended to be Dallas initial effort to supply an education that could rival that of east coast prep schools. Terrill quickly recruited the sons of some of Dallas most affluent citizens, by 1915, Terrill School sent 14 of its 33 graduates to Ivy League colleges. As headmaster, Terrill encouraged Miss Ela Hockaday to open a school in Dallas. Schools descended from Terrill have had some affiliation with the Hockaday School for over a century, with participating in shared social events, artistic performances. Marks sports teams were successful during the era, often going undefeated. In 1930, the team was undefeated and unscored upon. The Terrill School faced academic competition from Texas Country Day, which was founded in 1933 with 10 boys, within two years of its creation, Texas Country Day was advertising that its faculty included Rhodes Scholar and Harvard, Dartmouth, and Amherst men. In 1939, the school recruited the previous years Heisman Trophy winner, Davey OBrien, in the context of the Great Depression, World War II, no endowment, and a small student body, Terrill School failed by 1943/44. Terrill re-emerged as the Episcopal-associated Cathedral School in 1944, within a decade of Terrills demise, a cluster of Dallas business leaders tried again to create an elite Dallas institution by merging Texas Country Day and the Cathedral School. Marks is the result of merger, and it was immediately and robustly supported by some of Dallas most successful businessmen of the post-World War II era. Beginning in the 1950s, for example, two of the founders of Texas Instruments donated a total of nearly $50 million, helping to create the solid endowment, by the 1960s, Time magazine called St. Marks the best equipped day school in the country, Marks celebrated its 50th year, based on the 1933 establishment of Texas Country Day. Bogarte, Terrill School Sam Pop Davis, Terrill School Kenneth Bouve, Texas Country Day Robert Iglehart, Texas Country Day, hartmann Christopher Berrisford John T. Whatley David Hicks Arnold Holtberg David Dini Many school activities take place each year. Marks has a program that begins with a week-long trip for fourth graders to the Grand Teton. Camping continues through middle school and culminates in the summer before 9th grade with a mandatory ten-day camping trip in the Pecos Wilderness in New Mexico, some students go on to be upper school sherpas, who help faculty lead this annual rite of passage. The first freshman trip, in 1971, was to the Big Bend of Texas, annual trips to the Pecos Wilderness began the next year
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Harvard College
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Harvard College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Harvard University. Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of learning in the United States. The school came into existence in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony—though without a single building, in 1638, the college became home for North Americas first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London. Three years later, the college was renamed in honor of deceased Charlestown minister John Harvard who had bequeathed to the school his entire library, Harvards first instructor was schoolmaster Nathaniel Eaton, in 1639, he also became its first instructor to be dismissed, for overstrict discipline. The schools first students were graduated in 1642, in 1665, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck from the Wampanoag … did graduate from Harvard, the first Indian to do so in the colonial period. The colleges of Englands Oxford and Cambridge Universities are communities within the university, each an association of scholars sharing room. The Indian College was active from 1640 to no later than 1693, the body known as The President and Fellows of Harvard College retains its traditional name despite having governance of the entire University. Radcliffe College originally paid Harvard faculty to repeat their lectures for women students, since the 1970s, Harvard has been responsible for undergraduate governance matters for women, women were still formally admitted to and graduated from Radcliffe until a final merger in 1999. About 2,000 students are admitted each year, representing between five and ten percent of those applying, of those admitted, approximately three-quarters choose to attend and these figures make Harvard perhaps the most selective and sought-after college in the world. Midway through the year, most undergraduates join one of fifty standard fields of concentration. Joint concentrations and special concentrations are also possible, a smaller number receive the Scientiarum Baccalaureus. There are also special programs, such as a five-year program leading to both a Harvard undergraduate degree and a Master of Arts from the New England Conservatory of Music. In 2012, dozens of students were disciplined for cheating on an exam in one course. The university instituted a code beginning in the fall of 2015. The total annual cost of attendance, including tuition and room and board, under financial aid guidelines adopted in 2012, families with incomes below $65,000 no longer pay anything for their children to attend, including room and board. Families with incomes between $65,000 to $150,000 pay no more than 10% of their annual income, grants total 88% of Harvards aid for undergraduate students, with aid also provided by loans and work-study. Each house is presided over by a senior-faculty Faculty Dean, while its Allston Burr Resident Dean supervises undergraduates day-to-day academic, many tutors reside in the House, as do the Faculty Dean and Resident Dean. The way in which students come to live in particular Houses has changed greatly over time, under the original draft system, Masters negotiated privately over the assignment of rising sophomores considered most—or least—promising
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Vice President of the United States
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The executive power of both the vice president and the president is granted under Article Two, Section One of the Constitution. The vice president is elected, together with the president. The Office of the Vice President of the United States assists, as the president of the United States Senate, the vice president votes only when it is necessary to break a tie. Additionally, pursuant to the Twelfth Amendment, the president presides over the joint session of Congress when it convenes to count the vote of the Electoral College. Currently, the president is usually seen as an integral part of a presidents administration. The Constitution does not expressly assign the office to any one branch, causing a dispute among scholars whether it belongs to the executive branch, the legislative branch, or both. The modern view of the president as a member of the executive branch is due in part to the assignment of executive duties to the vice president by either the president or Congress. Mike Pence of Indiana is the 48th and current vice president and he assumed office on January 20,2017. The formation of the office of vice president resulted directly from the compromise reached at the Philadelphia Convention which created the Electoral College, the delegates at Philadelphia agreed that each state would receive a number of presidential electors equal to the sum of that states allocation of Representatives and Senators. The delegates assumed that electors would typically choose to favor any candidate from their state over candidates from other states, under a plurality election process, this would tend to result in electing candidates solely from the largest states. Consequently, the delegates agreed that presidents must be elected by a majority of the number of electors. To guard against such stratagems, the Philadelphia delegates specified that the first runner-up presidential candidate would become vice president, the process for selecting the vice president was later modified in the Twelfth Amendment. Each elector still receives two votes, but now one of those votes is for president, while the other is for vice president. The requirement that one of those votes be cast for a candidate not from the electors own state remains in effect. S, other statutorily granted roles include membership of both the National Security Council and the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. As President of the Senate, the president has two primary duties, to cast a vote in the event of a Senate deadlock and to preside over. For example, in the first half of 2001, the Senators were divided 50-50 between Republicans and Democrats and Dick Cheneys tie-breaking vote gave the Republicans the Senate majority, as President of the Senate, the vice president oversees procedural matters and may cast a tie-breaking vote. As President of the Senate, John Adams cast 29 tie-breaking votes that was surpassed by John C. Calhoun with 31. Adamss votes protected the presidents sole authority over the removal of appointees, influenced the location of the national capital, on at least one occasion Adams persuaded senators to vote against legislation he opposed, and he frequently addressed the Senate on procedural and policy matters
