1.
Film director
–
A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
2.
Sibling
–
A sibling is one of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common. A male sibling is a brother, and a sibling is a sister. In most societies throughout the world, siblings often grow up together, the emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family. However, there are cases where siblings grow up in separate homes and it is known that both nature and nurture figure in development, researchers are attempting to ascertain just which one plays the larger role. Identical twins share 100% of their DNA, full siblings are first-degree relatives and, on average, share 50% of their genes out of those that vary among humans. Half-siblings are second-degree relatives and have, on average, a 25% overlap in their genetic variation. Full siblings have the same parents and are 50% related. Identical twins by definition are 100% related, there are two types of twins, identical and fraternal. Identical twins have exactly the same genes, fraternal twins are no more similar than regular siblings, often, twins with a close relationship will develop a twin language from infanthood, a language only shared and understood between the two. Studies suggest that identical twins appear to display more twin talk than fraternal twins, at about 3 years of age, twin talk usually ends. Researchers were interested in subjects who were in the years of life. They knew that past studies suggested that genetics played a role in ones personality in the earlier years of their life. However, they were curious about whether or not this was later on in life. They gathered subjects with an age of 59, who included 99 pairs of identical twins. They also gathered twins who were reared together,160 pairs of identical twins and they studied the most heritable traits in regard to personality, which are emotionality, activity level and sociability, also known as EAS. This study found that identical twins resembled each other twice as much as fraternal twins, furthermore, environment influences personality substantially, however, it has little to do with whether they are reared together or apart. This study also suggests that heritability is substantial, but not as substantial as for younger subjects, half-siblings are people who share one parent but not both. They may share the same mother but different fathers, or they may have the same father and they share only one parent instead of two as full siblings do and are on average 25% related
3.
Venice Film Festival
–
The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895. The film festival has taken place in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, since its inception the Venice Film Festival has grown into one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world. The 74th Venice International Film Festival is scheduled to be held from 30 August to 9 September 2017, the first edition of the Venice Film Festival was carried out from the 6 to the 21 of August in 1932. The festival began with an idea of the president of the Venice Biennale Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata and Luciano De Feo, with good reason, the festival was considered the first international event of its type, receiving strong support from authorities. This first edition was held on the terrace of the Hotel Excelsior on the Venice Lido, and at that stage it was not a competitive event. The very first film to be shown in the history of the Festival was Rouben Mamoulians Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the second edition was held two years later, from 1 to 20 of August in 1934. For the first time it included a competition, at least 19 countries took part with over 300 accredited journalists. The Mussolini Cup was introduced for best foreign film and best Italian film, other awards were the Great Gold Medals of the National Fascist Association for Entertainment to best actor and actress. The prize for best foreign film went to Robert J. Flahertys Man of Aran and was a confirmation of the taste of the time for auteur documentaries, starting in 1935, the Festival became a yearly event under the direction of Ottavio Croze. The actors award was renamed Volpi Cup, in 1936 an international jury was nominated for the first time and in 1937 the new Cinema Palace, designed by the architect Luigi Quagliata, was inaugurated. The 1940s represent one of the most difficult moments for the review, the conclusion of the Second World War divides the decade in two. Before 1938 political pressures distorted and ruined the festival, in addition, few countries participated and there was an absolute monopoly of institutions and directors that were members of the Rome-Berlin Axis. The festival resumed full speed in 1946, after the war, with the return of normalcy, Venice once again became a great icon of the film world. In 1947 the festival was held at the Doges Palace, a most magnificent backdrop for hosting a record 90 thousand participants, surely it can be considered one of the greatest editions in the history of the festival. For the next twenty years the festival continued its development and expansion in accordance with the plan set in motion after the war. In 1963 the winds of change blow strongly during Luigi Chiarini’s directorship of the festival, during the years of his presidency, Chiarini aspired to renew the spirit and the structures of the festival, pushing for a total reorganization of the entire system. The social and political unrest of 1968 had strong repercussions on the Venice Bienniale, from 1969 to 1979 no prizes were awarded and the festival returned to the non-competitiveness of the first edition
4.
Hauts-de-Seine
–
Hauts-de-Seine is a department of France. It is part of the Métropole du Grand Paris and of the Île-de-France region and it is small and densely populated and contains the modern office, theatre, and shopping complex known as La Défense. Its creation reflected the implementation of a law passed in 1964, in the 1990s and early 2000s, the Hauts-de-Seine received national attention as the result of a corruption scandal concerning the misuse of public funds provided for the departments housing projects. Implicated were former minister and former President of the council of the Hauts-de-Seine, Charles Pasqua. Hauts-de-Seine is Frances second wealthiest département and one of Europes richest areas and its GDP per capita was €62,374 in 2003, according to INSEE official figures. Hauts-de-Seine is the base of Nicolas Sarkozy, President of the Republic from 2007 to 2012. He was previously the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine in the department, Charles Pasqua was also based in Hauts-de-Seine. Website of the General council Prefecture website
5.
Neuilly-sur-Seine
–
Neuilly-sur-Seine is a French commune just west of Paris, in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. A suburb of Paris, Neuilly is immediately adjacent to the city, the area is composed of mostly wealthy, select residential neighbourhoods, and many corporate headquarters are located there. Originally, Neuilly was a hamlet under the jurisdiction of Villiers. In 1224 another charter of Saint-Denis recorded the name as Lugniacum, in a sales contract dated 1266 the name was also recorded as Luingni. In 1316, however, in a ruling of the parlement of Paris, the name was recorded as Nully, in a document dated 1376 the name was again recorded as Nulliacum. Then in the centuries the name recorded alternated between Luny and Nully, and it is only after 1648 that the name was definitely set as Nully. The name spelt Neuilly after the French Academy standard of pronunciation of the ill as a y, various explanations and etymologies have been proposed to explain these discrepancies in the names of Neuilly recorded over the centuries. The original name of Neuilly may have been Lulliacum or Lugniacum, some interpret Lulliacum or Lugniacum as meaning estate of Lullius, probably a Gallo-Roman landowner. This interpretation is based on the many placenames of France made up of the names of Gallo-Roman landowners and these researchers contend that it is only after the fall of the Roman Empire and the Germanic invasions that the area of Neuilly was deforested and settled. Thus, they think that the name Lulliacum or Lugniacum comes from the ancient Germanic word lund meaning forest, akin to Old Norse lundr meaning grove, however, this interesting theory fails to explain why the d of lund is missing in Lulliacum or Lugniacum. Or perhaps the consonants were simply inverted under the influence of the settlements of France called Neuilly. On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes, on that occasion, a part of the territory of Neuilly-sur-Seine was annexed by the city of Paris, and forms now the neighbourhood of Ternes, in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. On 11 January 1867, part of the territory of Neuilly-sur-Seine was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Clichy to create the commune of Levallois-Perret. On 2 May 1897, the name officially became Neuilly-sur-Seine. However, most people continue to refer to Neuilly-sur-Seine as simply Neuilly, during the 1900 Summer Olympics, it hosted the basque pelota events. The American Hospital of Paris was founded in 1906, in 1919, the Treaty of Neuilly was signed with Bulgaria in Neuilly-sur-Seine to conclude its role in World War I. In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne, which was divided between the communes of Neuilly-sur-Seine and Boulogne-Billancourt, was annexed in its entirety by the city of Paris. It was the site of the Château de Neuilly, an important royal residence during the July Monarchy, Neuilly-sur-Seine is served by three stations on Paris Métro Line 1, Porte Maillot, Les Sablons and Pont de Neuilly
6.
The Umbrellas of Cherbourg
–
The Umbrellas of Cherbourg is a 1964 French/German romantic musical film directed by Jacques Demy, starring Catherine Deneuve and Nino Castelnuovo. The music was written by Michel Legrand, the film dialogue is all sung as recitative, including casual conversation. It was styled full of color, the film was very successful in France with a total of 1,274,958 admissions. In the late 1950s Madame Emery and her beautiful 17-year-old daughter Geneviève sell umbrellas at their tiny boutique in the town of Cherbourg in Normandy. Guy, a young auto mechanic, lives with and cares for his sickly aunt. Guy and Geneviève are deeply in love, they want to get married, Madeleine is a quiet young caregiver who looks after Guys aunt. She has feelings for Guy, but has not expressed this, Guy is drafted and must leave to serve as a soldier in the Algerian War. The night before Guy leaves, he and Geneviève pledge their undying love, after a couple of months Geneviève learns she is pregnant. She writes to Guy, but she abandoned when Guy writes back infrequently. Her mother says that this shows Guy has forgotten her, Geneviève is courted by Roland Cassard, a quiet, kind, young Parisian jeweler, who is very wealthy. He wants to marry her even after learning that she is pregnant by another man, Genevièves mother repeatedly tells her daughter to be sensible and choose a secure future with Cassard. Geneviève finally decides to accept him, and they are married in a great cathedral and she appears ambivalent about her decision. Guy returns from the war with a limp from an injury. He learns that the store has been sold, and that Geneviève married. As a veteran, Guy has difficulty settling in and he argues with his boss, quits his job, and goes to drink in a seedy port bar. He spends the night with a prostitute named Jenny. When he returns to his apartment, he finds Madeleine, who tells him that his godmother, Guy sees that Madeleine loves him, and he cleans up his life with her encouragement. With an inheritance from his aunt, he finances a new American-style Esso gas station and he asks Madeleine to marry him, and she accepts, although wondering if he is just on the rebound from his lost Geneviève
7.
Joseph Losey
–
Joseph Walton Losey III was an American theatre and film director, born in Wisconsin. After studying in Germany with Bertolt Brecht, Losey returned to the United States, in the 1950s Losey was blacklisted in the United States and moved to Europe where he made the remainder of his films, mostly in the United Kingdom. Among the most critically and commercially successful were three films with screenplays by Harold Pinter, The Servant, Accident and The Go-Between, Joseph Walton Losey III was born on January 14,1909 in La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he and Nicholas Ray were high-school classmates. He attended Dartmouth College and Harvard University, beginning as a student of medicine, Losey became a major figure in New York political theatre, first directing the controversial failure Little Old Boy in 1933. He declined to direct a version of Dodsworth by Sinclair Lewis. Losey directed the show, which had a brief run, bosley Crowther in The New York Times noted that The play, being increasingly wordy, presents staging problems that Joe Loseys direction does not always solve. It is hard to tell who is responsible for the parts in the story. In 1935 he visited the Soviet Union for several months to study the Russian stage, in Moscow he participated in a seminar on film taught by Sergei Eisenstein. He also met Bertolt Brecht and the composer Hanns Eisler who were visiting Moscow at the time, in 1936 he directed Triple-A Plowed Under on Broadway, a production of the WPAs Federal Theatre Project. He then directed the second Living Newspaper presentation, Injunction Granted, the play premiered on July 30,1947, at the Coronet Theatre in Beverly Hills. On October 30,1947 Losey accompanied Brecht to Washington DC for Brechts appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee, Brecht left the US the following day. Losey went on to stage Galileo, again with Laughton in the title role, more than 25 years later Losey, in exile in England, would direct a film version of Brechts play Galileo. Seymour Nebenzal, the producer of Fritz Langs classic M, hired Losey to direct a remake set in Los Angeles rather than Berlin, in the new version, released in 1951, the killers name was changed from Hans Beckert to Martin W. Harrow. Nebenzals son Harold was associate producer of this version, the HUACs longstanding interest in Losey was based on extensive - and error riddled - FBI files. In the 1930s and 40s he had had contacts with people on the political left, including radicals. He had collaborated with Brecht and had an association with Hanns Eisler. Losey had written to the Immigration and Naturalization Service in support of a visa for the composer. They had collaborated on a political cabaret from 1937 to 1939, Losey had invited Eisler to compose music for a short public relations film he had been commissioned to produce for presentation at the 1939 New York Worlds Fair, Pete Roleum and His Cousins
8.
Jacques Demy
–
Jacques Demy was a French director and screenwriter. He appeared in the wake of the French New Wave alongside contemporaries like Jean-Luc Godard, Demys films are well known for their sumptuous look, drawing on Hollywood musicals, fairytales, jazz, and opera. His films are also distinguishable by their overlapping continuity, lush musical scores and themes like teenaged love, labor rights, incest, and the intersection between dreams and reality. After working with the animator Paul Grimault and the filmmaker Georges Rouquier, Demy directed his first feature film, Lola, in 1961, the Demy universe here emerges full-fledged. La Baie des Anges, starring Jeanne Moreau, took the theme of fate further, Demy is best known for his original musical, Les Parapluies de Cherbourg, with a score by Legrand. Although the subversion of established genres was a typically New Wave obsession, the whimsical concept of singing all the dialogue sets the tone for this tragedy of the everyday. The young man, Roland Cassard, from Lola reappears here, such reappearances are typical of Demys work. Demys subsequent films never quite captured audience and critical acclaim the way that Les Parapluies had, although he continued to make ambitious and original dramas and musicals. It has stunning color photography, some of the best French songs of the period, peau dÂne is a visually extravagant musical interpretation of a classic French fairytale which highlights the tales incestuous overtones, starring Deneuve, Jean Marais, and Delphine Seyrig. Lévénement le plus important depuis que lhomme a marché sur la lune is a look back at the pressures of second-wave feminism in France. After years of neglect, Demys strengths have been recognized, Demy himself appears in the film in the opening and closing sequences, and at several points throughout. He had two children with Varda, Rosalie Varda-Demy, who was the daughter of Antoine Bourseiller. Jacques Demy died from complications of AIDS on 27 October 1990 at age 59 and was interred in the Montparnasse Cemetery in Montparnasse
9.
A Slightly Pregnant Man
–
A Slightly Pregnant Man is a 1973 French-Italian comedy film directed by Jacques Demy. Marco is an instructor who is engaged to Irène, a hairdresser. After eating a dinner, he complains to his housekeeper that she cooks chicken too frequently. He begins to feel bloated and tired and sees a doctor, the doctor determines that he is pregnant, and an expert concludes that the hormones in chicken have made him sufficiently feminine to carry a child. With his permission, the doctors publicize this event, and he becomes a model for a maternity clothing company creating a new line of paternity clothes, many other men around the world become pregnant as well. Ultimately, it is revealed that he had a hysterical pregnancy, catherine Deneuve as Irène de Fontenoy Marcello Mastroianni as Marco Mazetti Micheline Presle as Dr
10.
Venus Beauty Institute
–
Venus Beauty Institute, also known as Venus Beauty, is a 1999 French romantic comedy. The story centers on three employees of a beauty parlor and their search for love and happiness, the film is directed by Tonie Marshall. It stars Nathalie Baye, Bulle Ogier, Samuel Le Bihan, Jacques Bonnaffé, Mathilde Seigner, Audrey Tautou, Robert Hossein, Claire Denis, Micheline Presle, Emmanuelle Riva and it won the César Award for Best Film, Best Director, Best Writing and Most Promising Actress. Angèle is a 40-year-old beautician who works at the establishment in Paris. She has been an orphan from the age of eight, her father having killed her mother for suspected infidelity, an unkempt younger man, Antoine, sees her at a cafe as she is being dumped by her latest fling, and falls in love with her. He stands outside the beauty shop to watch for Angèle, follows her to a café and declares his love for her, Antoine also reveals that despite his feelings for her, he is engaged, but feels he is drifting away from his fiancée. However, despite her refusal to believe in love, Angèle gradually falls for Antoine, the co-workers love lives contrast with Angèles. Marie has as her client an aging pilot, who had burnt and had his face reconstructed from his late wifes skin. The pilot wants Marie to come to his house, which she eventually does, watched by Angèle, Angèle is concerned that Marie is too naïve and that the pilot invited her to his house to seduce her. As Marie and the begin to make love, Angèle. Christmas is approaching, and Angèle goes to her aunts in Poitiers, Antoine had revealed that he is a sculptor, and had been commissioned to do an altarpiece for the cathedral there. She goes the cathedral to see the artwork, but changes her mind when an old friend recognizes her, returning to Paris, Angèle goes to the hospital to visit Samantha, who tried to commit suicide out of loneliness over Christmas. Samantha reveals that Nadine is starting a new store, and that she found a new girl to temporarily replace Samantha, however, the new girl, Evelyne, turns out to be a disaster, wanting to arrange the products by colour rather than function, and eventually quits. Meanwhile, Antoines fiancée had followed him and seen him leave the store with Angèle and she goes to the store as a client, and confides to Angèle that her fiancé is seeing someone else, but she thinks he still loves her. Later, when Antoine takes Angèle shopping, Antoines fiancée comes into the store, Angèle sees them together and she phones Antoine to tell her call their relationship off. To make amends, as Angèle is left to close the store on New Years Eve, Antoines fiancée sees this and comes into the store with a gun, but when she fires all she succeeds in hitting is the lights. As the sparks fly, Antoine and Angèle kiss each other, fremond Venus Beauty Institute at the Internet Movie Database
11.
The Young Girls of Rochefort
–
The choreography was by Norman Maen. Michel Legrand composed the score, to Demys lyrics, the most famous songs from this film score, which is generally less acclaimed than that for The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, are A Pair of Twins and You Must Believe in Spring. The film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Original Score, the film was also another big success for Demy in France with a total of 1,319,432 admissions. The Young Girls of Rochefort takes place over the course of one weekend in the town of Rochefort. When the fair comes to town, Delphine and Solange meet two smooth-talking but kind-hearted carnies, Étienne and Bill. The twins mother Yvonne owns a café in the center of town, Yvonnes café becomes a central hub for Étienne and Bill as well as most of the other characters in the film. In the café, Yvonne meets a sailor about to be demobbed from the navy, Maxence is a poet and painter, and is searching for his true feminine ideal. Little does Yvonne know, her former fiancé, Simon Dame, has opened a music store in Rochefort. He knows his fiancée had twins from a relationship. Solange, a songwriter, enlists the help of Simon Dame. As Solange is on her way to pick up her younger brother BouBou from school, she happens to bump into a charming foreigner, however, the two do not exchange names. Meanwhile, Delphine is unhappy in her relationship with the gallery owner Guillaume. In the gallery, as she is about to leave, Delphine notices a painting that looks remarkably like her, the image was in fact painted by Maxence. Back in the square, the two dancers in Étienne and Bills show run off with sailors, so they ask Delphine and Solange to perform. On the day of the fair, the paths of all of the cross again at the town square
