Tonkin, also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is an exonym referring to the area surrounding the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the

Hanoi is the capital and second-most populous municipality of Vietnam. It encompasses an area of 3,358.6 km2, and as of 2025 has a population of 8,807,523. Hanoi had the second-highest gross regional