1.
New York Comic Con
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The New York Comic Con is an annual New York City fan convention dedicated to comics, graphic novels, anime, manga, video games, toys, movies, and television. It was first held in 2006, ReedPOP is involved with other events, including Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo and PAX Dev/PAX East/PAX Prime. ReedPop and New York Comic Con were founded by Greg Topalian, the first con was held in 2006 at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. Due to Reed Exhibitions lack of experience with comic conventions, attendance was far more than anticipated, despite crowding on Friday afternoon, tickets continued to be sold due to low pre-reg numbers, and the non-counting of professionals and exhibitors. The main exhibition hall hit capacity Saturday morning and was locked by the marshals until people left. Major guests, including Kevin Smith and Frank Miller, could not enter the main hall, the line to enter the convention wrapped around the building with waits of two hours to enter, and many were turned away. Ticket sales for Sunday were suspended, Reed announced that additional space would be acquired for the 2007 show. The second con was held in 2007, with the convention organizer booking double the floor space than the previous years space, the show on Friday was again only open to industry and press until 4 p. m. when it opened to the public. Due to better planning, advance sales were controlled. Lines started forming at midnight Saturday to enter the convention, and by Saturday morning, crowding was a problem in the Artists Alley, which was off the main convention floor, causing it to be moved to the main floor for 2008. The American Anime Awards, hosted by New York Comic Con, was held on February 24 at the New Yorker Hotel, the third con held in 2008 moved to April, continued to grow, and occupied most of the main level in the Javits Center. Stan Lee was awarded the inaugural New York Comics Legend Award at the Times Square Virgin Megastore before the Comic Con, kids Day programming was added to the convention on Sunday with the help of Kidss Comic Con. The fourth con held in 2009 returned to February and featured a charity art auction to support The Hero Initiative, the New York Anime Festival, previously a separate event created by Reed, was also merged into Comic Con. The main floor of the center was split by a large construction area due to repairs to the Javits Center. Intel Extreme Masters Global Challenge – New York took place in Comic Con 2011 and it featured eSport tournaments for games such as StarCraft II, League of Legends, and Counter-Strike. In 2011, the convention was expanded to four days, the first day of the convention was initially limited to press, professionals, and fans that purchased a four-day pass. This changed in 2013, when single day Thursday passes were put on sale for the first time. With this addition, attendance at New York Comic Con grew to over 130,000, in 2016, it was announced that everyone attending NYCC2016 would be required to complete a Fan Verification profile
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Comic book
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A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, although comics has some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance, authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions. These characteristic aspects of books are necessary in conveying the content. The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons, text, balloons are usually convex spatial containers of information that are related to a character using a tail element. The tail has an origin, path, tip, and pointed direction, there are many technological formulas used to create comic books, including directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these key formatting procedures is the writing, drawing, Comics as a print medium have existed in America since the printing of The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. The introduction of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shusters Superman in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry, the Golden Age originated the archetype of the superhero. Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras, the Golden Age of Comic Books began with the introduction of Superman in 1938, spurring a period of high sales. The Silver Age of comic books is considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the era, the Bronze Age of Comic Books, is less well-defined. The Modern Age of Comic Books runs from the mid-1980s to the present day, in response to attention from the government and from the media, the U. S. comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the Comics Code Authority in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year and it was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. In the early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what known as underground comix. Published and distributed independently of the comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth counterculture. Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as head shops and record stores, frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comic. The rise of comic book specialty stores in the late 1970s created/paralleled a dedicated market for independent or alternative comics in the U. S, some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. A few represented experimental attempts to bring closer to the status of fine art
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DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
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Teen Titans
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The Teen Titans, also known as the New Teen Titans and the Titans, are a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, often in an eponymous monthly series. As the groups name suggests, its members are teenage superheroes, Bob Haney, the creator and long-time writer of the Teen Titans series, considers the earlier issue to be the first appearance of the Teen Titans. The first Teen Titans series ran 43 bi-monthly issues, ending in early 1973, the group appeared sporadically in reprints via The Brave and the Bold and DC Super-Stars over the next three years, which revived interest in the group. New stories began when the title was renewed in late 1976. Ten issues later, the title was cancelled again during what become known as The DC Implosion. The four founding members were joined by Green Arrows sidekick, Speedy, Aquagirl, Bumblebee, the first Hawk and Dove, and three heroes who did not wear costumes, Mal Duncan, Lilith, and Gnarrk. Original members Robin, Wonder Girl and Kid Flash were joined by new characters Cyborg, Starfire and Raven, as well as the former Doom Patrol member Beast Boy, the group had several encounters with the original Titans of Greek mythology, particularly Hyperion. The series was re-titled Tales of the Teen Titans with issue #41, a second volume was launched in August 1984, by which time Robin had assumed the identity Nightwing and Kid Flash had been replaced by Jericho. Pérez left in 1985 to headline the DC Comics 50th Anniversary limited series Crisis on Infinite Earths, Tales of the Teen Titans was canceled in July 1988 after #91. The New Teen Titans Volume 2 was retitled The New Titans in December 1988 and was canceled in February 1996 after 130 issues. The series was relaunched as Teen Titans in October 1996, with all-new members under Atom and this series ended in September 1998 after 24 issues. By 2006, the team included only the members and some new additions. A concurrent series titled Titans debuted in April 2008 featuring some of the original and 1980s members, such as Nightwing, Troia, Flash, Tempest, Arsenal, Starfire, Cyborg, Beast Boy and Raven. This was originally depicted as the first incarnation of the Titans, until the 2016 Titans Hunt and DC Rebirth storylines re-established the groups founding members. A Teen Titans animated television series ran on Cartoon Network in the based on the 1980s team. The series spawned two book titles, Teen Titans Go. and Tiny Titans. The series returned as a series of mini-shorts on the DC Nation block on Cartoon Network, there was also a spinoff of the series named Teen Titans Go. based on the comics. Robin, Kid Flash and Aqualad teamed up to defeat a villain known as Mister Twister in The Brave
6.
Flash (comics)
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The Flash is the name of several fictional characters appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert, the original Flash first appeared in Flash Comics #1. Each incarnation of the Flash has been a key member of at least one of DCs premier teams, the Justice Society of America, the Justice League, and the Teen Titans. The Flash is one of DC Comics most popular characters and has been integral to the publishers many reality-changing crisis storylines over the years. A staple of the comic book DC Universe, the Flash has been adapted to numerous DC films, video games, animated series, Shipp also portrays a version of Jay Garrick in the 2014 The Flash series. The Flash first appeared in the Golden Age Flash Comics #1, from All-American Publications, created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert, this Flash was Jay Garrick, a college student who gained his speed through the inhalation of hard water vapors. When re-introduced in the 1960s Garricks origin was modified slightly, gaining his powers through exposure to heavy water, with superheroes post-war decline in popularity, Flash Comics was canceled with issue #104 which featured an Evil version of the Flash called the Rival. The Justice Societys final Golden Age story ran in All Star Comics #57, in 1956, DC Comics successfully revived superheroes, ushering in what became known as the Silver Age of comic books. Rather than bringing back the same Golden Age heroes, DC rethought them as new characters for the modern age, the Flash was the first revival, in the aptly named tryout comic book Showcase #4. This new Flash was, a police scientist who gained super-speed when bathed by chemicals after a shelf of them was struck by lightning and he adopted the name The Flash after reading a comic book featuring the Golden Age Flash. After several more appearances in Showcase, Allens character was given his own title, The Flash, Barry Allen and the new Flash were created by writers Robert Kanigher and John Broome and cartoonist Carmine Infantino. The Silver Age Flash proved popular enough that several other Golden Age heroes were revived in new incarnations, a new superhero team, the Justice League of America, was also created, with the Flash as a main, charter member. Barry Allens title also introduced a much-imitated plot device into superhero comics when it was revealed that Garrick and their powers allowed them to cross the dimensional boundary between worlds, and the men became good friends. Flash of Two Worlds was the first crossover in which a Golden Age character met a Silver Age character, soon, there were crossovers between the entire Justice League and the Justice Society, their respective teams began an annual get-together which endured from the early 1960s until the mid-1980s. Allens adventures continued in his own title until the advent of Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Flash ended as a series with issue #350. Allens life had become confused in the early 1980s, and DC elected to end his adventures. Allen died heroically in Crisis on Infinite Earths #8, thanks to his ability to travel through time, he would continue to appear occasionally in the years to come. The third Flash was Wally West, introduced in The Flash #110 as Kid Flash, West, Allens nephew by marriage, gained the Flashs powers through an accident identical to Allens
7.
Batman (comic book)
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Batman is an ongoing American comic book series featuring the DC Comics hero of the same name. The character first appeared in Detective Comics #27, Batman proved to be so popular that a self-titled ongoing comic book series began publication with a cover date of Spring 1940. It was first advertised in early April 1940, one month after the first appearance of his new sidekick, Robin, the original series ended in 2011 and was relaunched with a new first issue. Using the end of the New 52 initiative as a launching point, Batman #1 was the debut bimonthly relaunch of the comic book series. The character of Batman made his first appearance in the pages of Detective Comics #27 in May 1939, in Spring of 1940, Batman #1 was published and introduced new characters into Batmans pantheon, most notably those of Catwoman and Batmans eventual nemesis, the Joker. Alfred Pennyworth, the Wayne family butler, was introduced in issue #16, editor Whitney Ellsworth assigned a Batman story to artist Dick Sprang in 1941. Anticipating that Bob Kane would be drafted to serve in World War II, Sprangs first published Batman work was the Batman and Robin figures on the cover of Batman #18, reproduced from the art for page 13 of the later-published Detective Comics #84. Like all Batman artists of the time, Sprang went uncredited as a ghost artist for Kane, villains which debuted during this early era included the Mad Hatter in issue #49 and Killer Moth in issue #63. Bill Finger and Moldoff introduced Ace the Bat-Hound in #92, the early part of the era known to comics fans and historians as the Silver Age of Comic Books saw the Batman title dabble in science fiction. New characters introduced included Mr. Freeze and Betty Kane, the original Bat-Girl, in 1964, Julius Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the faded Batman titles. He jettisoned the sillier aspects that had crept into the series such as Ace the Bathound and Bat-Mite, schwartzs first issue of the Batman title was #164 which was written by France Edward Herron and drawn by Sheldon Moldoff. The Riddler returned after an absence in #171. Among the new villains introduced during this period was Poison Ivy in #181, in the 1960s, Batman comics were affected by the popular Batman television series, with campy stories based on the tongue-in-cheek premise of the series. After the Batman television programs influence had died down, writer Frank Robbins and artist Irv Novick sent Dick Grayson off to attend college, in 1971, writer Dennis ONeil and artist Neal Adams came aboard the title and re-infused it with the darker tones of the 1940s. ONeil and Adams introduced a new villain named Ras al Ghul, ONeil said his work on the Batman series was simply to take it back to where it started. I went to the DC library and read some of the early stories, I tried to get a sense of what Kane and Finger were after. Issues #254 to #261 of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format, the series reached its 300th issue with a June 1978 cover date and featured a story by writer David Vern Reed and artists Walt Simonson and Dick Giordano. Julius Schwartz ended his tenure as editor of the series with issue #309, marv Wolfman briefly wrote Batman and co-created the Electrocutioner in issue #331
8.
Image Comics
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Image Comics is an American comic book publisher. It was immediately successful, and remains one of the largest comic book publishers in North America and its output was originally dominated by superhero and fantasy series from the studios of the Image partners, but now includes comics in many genres by numerous independent creators. Its best-known series include Spawn, Savage Dragon, Witchblade, The Darkness, Invincible, The Walking Dead, Saga, in the early 1990s, comics creators Erik Larsen, Rob Liefeld, and Jim Valentino had dinner with Malibu Comics editor-in-chief Dave Olbrich. Malibu was a small but established publishing company sympathetic to creator-ownership and these and several other freelance illustrators doing popular work for Marvel Comics were growing frustrated with the companys work for hire policies and practices. In December 1991, a group of these illustrators approached Marvel president Terry Stewart and demanded that the company give them ownership, accounts vary as to whom this group included, but it is generally accepted that Todd McFarlane and Liefeld were among its leaders. Marvel did not meet their demands and this development was nicknamed the X-odus, because several of the creators involved were famous for their work on the X-Men franchise. Marvels stock fell $3. 25/share when the news became public, Images organizing charter had two key provisions, Image would not own any creators work, the creator would. No Image partner would interfere – creatively or financially – with any other partners work, Image itself would own no intellectual property except the company trademarks, its name and its logo, which was designed by writer Hank Kanalz. Each Image partner founded his own studio, which published under the Image banner but was autonomous from any central editorial control. The first Image comic books to arrive in stores were Liefelds Youngblood, Larsens The Savage Dragon, McFarlanes Spawn, and Lees WildC. A. T. s. Within a few months, the Image titles success led to Malibu having almost 10% of the North American comics market share, by the beginning of 1993, Images financial situation was secure enough to publish its titles independently, and it left Malibu. Some of the founders came to resemble separate publishers, each with several ongoing series set in a shared universe. These included Sam Kieth, Dale Keown, Jae Lee, and the team of Kurt Busiek, Brent Anderson, later, some established self-published series also moved to Image, such as Jeff Smiths Bone and Colleen Dorans A Distant Soil. The partners had little business or management experience, and many series quickly fell behind their intended publishing schedule, comparing them to vaporware, one reader reported that 17 of the 36 delayed items in his December 1992 order were from Image. In response, retailers cut orders to reduce their risk and this significantly hurt the studios, which were each responsible for their own cash flow and profitability. Image had become the third-largest comics publisher in North America, exceeded only by long-established industry leaders Marvel, disagreements between partners began to develop. Silvestri withdrew Top Cow from Image in 1996, protesting that Liefeld was recruiting artists from his studio, the other five partners discussed ousting Liefeld from the company, and Liefeld resigned in September 1996, giving up his share of the company. Silvestri subsequently returned Top Cow to Image, wildstorms Cliffhanger imprint, established in 1998, was a commercial success, launching high-selling creator-owned properties by Humberto Ramos, J. Scott Campbell, Joe Madureira, and others
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Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
