Joseph Raymond "Toots" Mondt was an American professional wrestler and promoter who revolutionized the wrestling industry in the early to mid-1920s and co-promoted the World Wide Wrestling Federation. Some of the stars Mondt helped create from the 1920s through the 1960s included Wayne Munn, Jim Londos, Antonino Rocca, Bruno Sammartino, Stu Hart and Cowboy Bill Watts. Joseph Raymond Mondt was born in Garden Grove, Iowa on January 18, 1894. Joseph Toots was his professional name. Toots' father, was a farmer and building contractor; the Mondt family moved to Weld County, Colorado in 1904. Toots Mondt made his wrestling debut in Greeley in 1912 at the age of 18 in a carnival/wrestling style match, a match he would wrestle in for many years. Stu Hart claimed he ran into Toots by chance while wrestling in New York City and that Mondt said he received his first wrestling lesson in 1916 from Jack Taylor, Mondt tried to recruit Hart into a territory in Washington D. C. Around this time, he tried his hand at acrobatics.

However, this was Toots returned to wrestling matches. Toots received his big break when he was discovered by wrestling pioneer Farmer Burns during one of his scouting trips; the nickname ` Toots', had to do with either his relative youth and baby face. Mondt was the youngest wrestler in Farmer Burns' camp; until 1919, wrestling matches were slow-moving exhibitions confined to the mat and lasting on an average 60 minutes. Crowds no longer found this to be suitable entertainment and accordingly, they began to dwindle. Wrestling matches and became pre-determined. Toots Mondt joined the camp of Ed "Strangler" Lewis with the recommendation of Farmer Burns. Toots served in many capacities as a sparring partner, sometimes as an opponent and as a police officer; as a sparring partner and trainer, Toots Mondt helped Ed Lewis counters. The working relationship and unity amongst wrestling promoters was beginning to wear thin and crowd attendance was still low. Toots conceived a solution and combined features of a boxing ring, Greco-Roman, freestyle wrestling, the old-time lumber-camp style of fighting.

Toots had called it ’Slam Bang Western Style Wrestling’. Toots Mondt's second plan was to promote this new style of wrestling on a much higher scale. Toots convinced Ed Lewis and his manager Billy Sandow of forming their own promotion as opposed to having different promoters controlling them; the team of Mondt and Sandow used their connections to convince many other wrestlers to sign up. Under the control of Mondt and Sandow, they served as bookers and agents. Toots instituted time limits as wrestling matches would go three or four hours. Within six months, the "Gold Dust Trio" controlled the course of professional wrestling in North America, their product was moved out from venues such as burlesque theaters and back alley halls to the major sports venue in each city. All new talent was tested in Billy Sandow's private ring while routines and finishes were determined by Toots; the Gold Dust Trio dissolved from a power struggle between Toots Mondt & Billy Sandow's brother Max. Mondt formed a partnership with Philadelphia promoter, Ray Fabiani.

The new combination wasted little time and found their new title holder in Dick Shickat, a former circus strongman from Germany. Once Dick Shickat's title reign had run its course and Fabiani made Jim Londos their new champion and continued their hold on the Northeast, they soon expanded onto New York City, Hartford and Washington DC. Toots/Fabiani were unsuccessful because rival New York promoter Jack Curley prevented them from promoting in NYC for years, it was during this time that he came around an up-and-coming Lou Thesz, with whom Mondt had a bad history; as Jack Curley was on his deathbed, Toots realized. So Toots & Fabiani formed an alliance with fellow booking heavyweight Rudy Dusek; this formation to take over New York was kept a secret. At Curley's funeral, one of his sons approached Toots about taking over New York and was not aware that Toots had a plan. Toots gained help from other bookers such as Jack Pfeffer, the Johnston Brothers and Jess McMahon. Jess McMahon worked for boxing promoter and New York Rangers hockey franchise founder Tex Rickard, who despised wrestling and prevented bookings in Madison Square Garden from 1939 to 1948.

Toots found former wrestler turned millionaire Bernarr McFadden, who gave Toots the financial backings. Bernarr McFadden helped Toots gain access into Madison Square Garden. In 1948, in the main event of the first card held in MSG for 9 years, Gorgeous George defeated Ernie Dusek. In that same year Toots Mondt was in search for another champion. After several failed attempts, Toots Mondt found Antonino Rocca, who brought in more Latino fans to the matches which financially favored Toots. Mondt, was not able to keep Rocca happy and Vince McMahon Sr. was brought into the scene by Ray Fabiani. In 1954, Mondt signed up Rafael Halperin a rabbi from Israel who wrestled in a blue and white costume emblazoned with the Jewish star. In 1963, Toots Mondt and Vince McMahon Sr. broke away from the National Wrestling Alliance, renaming Capitol Wrestling Corporation to the World Wide Wrestling Federation. Toots Mondt parted ways with NWA President Sam Muchnick on good terms so that the WWWF would not be seen as an enemy.

Toots and Vince were in the middle of fighting off an invasion by Jim Crockett Promotions from promoting in the WWWF territories. When Buddy Rogers was crowned NWA World Heavyweight Champion, Toots controlled the bookings for Rogers’ title defenses. Toots would allow

Supply-chain optimization is the application of processes and tools to ensure the optimal operation of a manufacturing and distribution supply chain. This includes the optimal placement of inventory within the supply chain, minimizing operating costs including manufacturing costs, transportation costs, distribution costs; the process involves the application of mathematical modelling techniques using computer software. Supply chain optimization is considered to be part of supply chain engineering, although the latter is focused on mathematical modelling based approaches, whereas supply chain optimization can be done using qualitative, management based approaches. Supply-chain managers are trying to maximize the profitable operation of their manufacturing and distribution supply chain; this could include measures like maximizing gross margin return on inventory invested, minimizing total operating expenses, or maximizing gross profit of products distributed through the supply chain. Supply-chain optimization addresses the general supply-chain problem of delivering products to customers at the lowest total cost and highest profit, trading off the costs of inventory, transportation and manufacturing.

In addition, optimizing storage and transportation costs by means of product / package size is one of the easiest and most cost effective initial implementations available to save money in product distribution. Supply-chain optimization has applications in all industries manufacturing and/or distributing goods, including retail, industrial products, consumer packaged goods; the classic supply-chain approach has been to try to forecast future inventory demand as as possible, by applying statistical trending and "best fit" techniques based on historic demand and predicted future events. The advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to data aggregated at a high level, requiring modest database sizes and small amounts of manipulation. Unpredictability in demand is managed by setting safety stock levels, so that for example a distributor might hold two weeks of supply of an article with steady demand but twice that amount for an article where the demand is more erratic. Universally accepted statistical methods such as Standard Deviation and Mean Absolute Deviation are used for calculating safety stock levels.

Using this forecast demand, a supply-chain manufacturing Production Planning and distribution plan is created to manufacture and distribute products to meet this forecast demand at lowest cost. This plan addresses the following business concerns: - How much of each product should be manufactured each day? - How much of each product should be made at each manufacturing plant? - Which manufacturing plants should re-stock which warehouses with which products? - What transportation modes should be used for warehouse replenishment and customer deliveries? The technical ability to record and manipulate larger databases more has now enabled a new breed of supply-chain-optimization solutions to emerge, which are capable of forecasting at a much more granular level; some vendors are applying "best fit" models to this data, to which safety stock rules are applied, while other vendors have started to apply stochastic techniques to the optimization problem. They calculate the most desirable inventory level per article for each individual store for their retail customers, trading off cost of inventory against expectation of sale.

The resulting optimized inventory level is known as a model stock. Meeting the model stock level is an area requiring optimization; because the movement of product to meet the model stock, called the stock transfer, needs to be in economic shipping units such as complete unit loads or a full truckload, there are a series of decisions that must be made. Many existing distribution-requirements-planning systems round the quantity up to the nearest full shipping unit. For example, the creation of truckloads as economic shipment units requires optimization systems to ensure that axle constraints and space constraints are met while loading can be achieved in a damage-free way; this is achieved by continuing to add time-phased requirements until the loads meet some minimum weight or cube. More sophisticated optimization algorithms take into account stackability constraints and unloading rules, palletizing logic, warehouse efficiency and load stability with an objective to reduce transportation spend.

Optimization solutions are part of, or linked to, the company's replenishment systems distribution requirements planning, so that orders can be automatically generated to maintain the model stock profile. The algorithms used are similar to those used in making financial investment decisions. Supply-chain optimization may include refinements at various stages of the product lifecycle, so that new and obsolete items are optimized in different ways, adaptations for different classes of products, for example seasonal merchandise, it should factor in risks and unexpected constraints that affect a global supply chain's efficiency, including sudden spikes in fuel costs, material shortages, natural disasters such as hurricanes, instability of global politics. Whilst most software vendors are offering supply-chain optimization as a packaged solution and integrated in ERP software, some vendors

The African helmeted turtle known as the marsh terrapin, the crocodile turtle, or in the pet trade as the African side-necked turtle, is a species of omnivorous side-necked terrapin in the family Pelomedusidae. The species occurs in fresh and stagnant water bodies throughout much of Sub-Saharan Africa, in southern Yemen; the marsh terrapin is a rather small turtle, with most individuals being less than 20 cm in straight carapace length, but one has been recorded with a length of 32.5 cm. It has a brown carapace; the top of the tail and limbs are a grayish brown. The male turtle is distinguished by its thick tail. A female tends to have a broader carapace. A hatchling has a shell size of about 3 cm in length, is olive to black in color, it has two small tubercles under the chin and musk glands in the sides of the carapace. Uniquely, the genus Pelomedusa does not have a hinged plastron. All the other species in the family Pelomedusidae, however, do have this feature with which they can, using muscles, close the plastron to the carapace to cover the head and front limbs.

Unlike many chelonians, the African helmeted turtle is able, when it finds itself upside down, to right itself with a vigorous flick of its long muscular neck. Recent genetic research suggests that Pelomedusa comprises at least 10 different species, not only one as thought. In the past the physical differences between populations were not regarded as substantial enough to recognise more than one species; the geographic range of P. subrufa covers a large portion of Africa, from the Cape Peninsula to the Sudan. It can be found as far west as Ghana and as far south as Cape Town, it has been found in Madagascar and Yemen. P. subrufa is a semiaquatic animal, living in rivers and marshes, it occupies rain pools and places that are fertilized. Its preference seems to be for standing water, such as swamps, pans and lakes; however it is found to a lesser extent along rivers. It is absent from regions that are mountainous, forested, or desert; the African helmeted turtle is an omnivorous eater and will eat anything.

It may feed on carrion. The fine claws on its feet help it tear its prey apart. Groups of P. subrufa have been observed capturing and drowning larger prey such as doves that come to drink. All food is taken underwater to be eaten. Several large mammals such as warthogs, Cape buffalo, rhinoceroses have been documented utilizing the turtles to remove parasites at popular wallowing holes. One such incident in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi park involved two African helmeted turtles removing ticks and blood-sucking flies from the body of a wallowing warthog. Though the turtles do not have a symbiotic relationship with these animals, it is likely that the buffalo and warthogs seek them out and have learned to utilize them from past experiences; this behavior was documented for the first time in the September 2015 issue of Herpetological Review by Andy and Michelle Leighty Jones. During wet weather P. subrufa will leave water bodies and embark on long overland journeys. During exceptionally dry weather when water bodies dry up, it will dig into the ground and bury itself until rains return.

It will hibernate during cold weather, aestivate during unusually hot, dry weather. Courtship of P. subrufa is held year round. The male will follow the female. If she is not responsive, she snap and walk away. If she is willing, she responds by nodding her head or just standing still, so he can mount her. While mating, each of the turtles shakes its head; the female will lay two to ten eggs on average during late spring and early summer. The eggs are placed in a flask-shaped nest about 4 to 7 in deep; the eggs hatch in 75– 90 days. The African side-necked turtle is popular as a pet because of its unusual head tucking behavior. Boycott, Richard C.. The southern African Tortoise Book – A Guide to southern African Tortoises and Turtles, Revised Expanded Edition. KiwaZulu-Natal: O. Borquin. 228 pp. ISBN 0-620-26536-1

Vingunguti is an administrative ward in the Ilala District of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The ward lies south west of the Dar es Salaam central business district. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 106,946; the total number of residents at Vingunguti ward is 21868 households. It comprises six Mitaa, namely Mtambani, Miembeni, Kombo and Majengo; the name Vingunguti is originated from the presence of long trees, so called Minguti in 1970 and that time there were two streets Wapendanao and Mtambani, the first school was known as TAPA which has provided pre-primary school and primary school from standard 1 to 4 level. In 1980 the streets was increased from two streets up to four streets as Mtakuja and Miembeni come up to the list. In 1990's Mlawa Dispensary was established near Miembeni area and goes to be the first Health center in the area; the name comes from the Dr. Mlawa, the doctor at Muhimbili Referral Hospital, living in Vingunguti; the first primary schools in Vingunguti are Kombo and Vingunguti'A' were established in early in 1980s Mtakuja and Miembeni were come to the list in 2000.

The only Secondary School to admit ordinary level students in the ward was Vingunguti Secondary School near Miembeni area in 2010. Vingunguti Ward has a total of 4 dispensaries operating in the area namely Vingunguti, Emara and Afya Bora. Sources of water are long and short wells, tap water and river water from Msimbazi River Valley. Source of income are entrepreneurship, business activities, trading activities, salary from casual labor, house renting, local transportation services along with whole sale and retail shops. There are all seasonal roads in the area used as the main means of the transportation; the common used food in Vingunguti is Cassava, rice, maize flour, wheat flour, meat and banana. Vingunguti hosts the following.

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, ulceration of inter-dental papillae; this disease, along with necrotizing periodontitis is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums. The severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis, painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent; the causative organisms are anaerobic bacteria Fusobacteria and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, poor nutrition, psychological stress, a weakened immune system; when the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics in the acute phase, improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it resolves and does no serious harm.

The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress. In the early stages some affected people may complain of a feeling of tightness around the teeth. Three signs/symptoms must be present to diagnose this condition: Severe gum pain. Profuse gum bleeding that requires no provocation. Interdental papillae are ulcerated with dead tissue; the papillary necrosis of NUG has been described as "punched out". Other signs and symptoms may be present, but not always. Foul breath. Bad taste. Malaise, fever and/or cervical lymph node enlargement are rare. Pain is well localized to the affected areas. Systemic reactions may be more pronounced in children. Cancrum oris is a rare complication in debilitated children. Similar features but with more intense pain may be seen in necrotizing periodontitis in HIV/AIDS. Necrotizing periodontal disease is caused by a mixed bacterial infection that includes anaerobes such as P. intermedia and Fusobacterium as well as spirochetes, such as Treponema.

ANUG may be associated with diseases in which the immune system is compromised, including HIV/AIDS. ANUG is an opportunistic infection that occurs on a background of impaired local or systemic host defenses; the predisposing factors for ANUG are smoking, psychological stress and immunosuppression. Zones of infection have been described; these are the neutrophil rich zone, the necrotic zone and the spirochetal zone. Diagnosis is clinical. Smear for fusospirochaetal bacteria and leukocytes; the important differentiation is with herpetic stomatitis. Necrotizing gingivitis is part of a spectrum of disease termed necrotizing periodontal diseases, it is the most minor form of this spectrum, with more advanced stages being termed necrotizing periodontitis, necrotizing stomatitis, the most extreme, cancrum oris. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis refers to the clinical onset of NUG; the word acute is used because the onset is sudden. Other forms of NUG may be recurrent. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is where the infection leads to attachment loss, involves only the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar ligament.

Progression of the disease into tissue beyond the mucogingival junction characterizes necrotizing stomatitis. Treatment includes irrigation and debridement of necrotic areas, oral hygiene instruction and the uses of mouth rinses and pain medication. If there is systemic involvement oral antibiotics may be given, such as metronidazole; as these diseases are associated with systemic medical issues, proper management of the systemic disorders is appropriate. Untreated, the infection may lead to rapid destruction of the periodontium and can spread, as necrotizing stomatitis or noma, into neighbouring tissues in the cheeks, lips or the bones of the jaw; as stated, the condition can occur and be dangerous in people with weakened immune systems. This progression to noma is possible in malnourished susceptible individuals, with severe disfigurement possible. In developed countries, this disease occurs in young adults. In developing countries, NUG may occur in children of low socioeconomic status occurring with malnutrition and shortly after the onset of viral infections.

Predisposing factors include smoking, viral respiratory infections and immune defects, such as in HIV/AIDS. Uncommon, except in lower socioeconomic classes, this affects adolescents and young adults in institutions, armed forces, etc. or people with HIV/AIDS. The disease has occurred in epidemic-like patterns. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis has been observed for centuries. Xenophon observes sore mouth and foul smelling breath in Greek soldiers in the 4th century BC. Hunter describes the clinical features of ANUG in 1778, differentiating it from scurvy and chronic periodontitis. Jean Hyacinthe Vincent, a French physician working at the Paris Pasteur Institute describes a fusospirochetal infection of the pharynx and palatine tonsils, causing "ulcero-membranous pharyngitis and tonsillitis", which became known as Vincent's angina. In 1904, Vincent describes the same pathogenic organisms in "ulceronecrotic

Simon Leslie Daubney is a New Zealand sailor who has sailed in the Olympics and is a member of the America's Cup Hall of Fame. Daubney was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1959. Daubney sailed for New Zealand at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics. In 1984 he sailed in a Soling alongside Tom Dodson and Aran Hansen and they placed 11th. At the 1988 Olympics the same crew placed 7th, he competed with Graham Fleury in the 1992 Olympics, placing 8th. He is New Zealand Olympian number 425. Daubney sailed for New Zealand Challenge on KZ 7 during the 1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, he was the mainsheet trimmer for New Zealand Challenge at the 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup. He was a trimmer on NZL 32 during Team New Zealand's 1995 America's Cup victory and 2000 America's Cup defence. Daubney joined Alinghi and was part of their 2003 America's Cup victory, he was a trimmer during the successful 2007 America's Cup defence. In 2007 Daubney tested positive for a recreational drug, but an America's Cup jury found that there was no fault or negligence and he was not sanctioned.

The decision was appealed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, in January 2009, the Court of Arbitration for Sport imposed a backdated two-year ban that lasted until July 2009. Daubney sailed on Alinghi 5 in the 2010 America's Cup loss. In 2010 he was inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame. Daubney joined Oracle Racing and was part of the crew that sailed in the 2011–13 America's Cup World Series