1.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
2.
Freeview (UK)
–
Freeview is the United Kingdoms digital terrestrial television platform. It is operated by DTV Services Ltd, a joint venture between the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Sky and transmitter operator Arqiva, the service provides consumer access via an aerial to the six DTT multiplexes covering the United Kingdom. In April 2014 it had some 60 DVB-T TV channels,26 digital radio channels,10 HD channels, six services,11 streamed channels. A number of new HD channels launched in 2014, from a new group of multiplexes awarded to Arqiva, the new HD channels were launched in selected areas on 10 December 2013 with a further roll-out during 2014. DTV Services delivery of television and radio is labelled Freeview. Reception of Freeview requires a Freeview tuner, either in a separate box or built into the TV set. Since 2008 all new TV sets sold in the United Kingdom have a built-in Freeview tuner, Freeview HD requires a HDTV-capable tuner. Digital video recorders with a built-in Freeview tuner are labelled Freeview+, depending on model, DVRs and HDTV sets with a Freeview tuner may offer standard Freeview or Freeview HD. DMOL, a company owned by the operators of the six DTT multiplexes is responsible for platform management and policy, including the electronic programme guide. The founding members of DTV Services, who trade as Freeview, were the BBC, Crown Castle UK, on 11 October 2006, ITV plc and Channel 4 became equal shareholders. Since then, the Freeview model has been copied in Australia, with the launch of Freeview other channels were broadcast free-to-air, such as, Sky Travel, UK History, Sky News, Sky Sports News, The Hits and TMF were available from the start. BBC Four and the interactive BBC streams were moved to multiplex B, under the initial plans, the two multiplexes operated by Crown Castle would carry eight channels altogether. The seventh stream became shared by UK Bright Ideas and Ftn which launched in February 2003, the eighth stream was left unused until April 2004 when the shopping channel Ideal World launched on Freeview. There are now 14 streams carried by the two multiplexes, with Multiplex C carrying 6 streams, and Multiplex D carrying 8 and it has recently been announced that more streams are now available on the multiplexes, and that bidding is under way. The Freeview service underwent an upgrade on 30 September 2009. The changes, meant to ensure reception of Channel 5. The Freeview website crashed and the centre was inundated as a result of the problems. The change involved an update to the NIT, which some receivers could not accommodate, many thousands of people could not receive some channels
3.
NBCUniversal
–
NBCUniversal is an American multinational media conglomerate. It has a significant presence in broadcasting through a portfolio of domestic and international properties, including terrestrial, via the Universal Parks & Resorts division, the company is also the third-largest operator of amusement parks in the world. NBC Universal was formed on May 12,2004 by the merger of General Electrics National Broadcasting Company with Vivendis Vivendi Universal Entertainment, as of March 19,2013, it is wholly owned by Comcast who bought GEs ownership stake. NBC and Universal Television had a long-standing partnership dating back to 1950 and this partnership continued throughout a number of name changes and changes of ownership. NBC Universal Television has its roots in a series of expansions undertaken by NBC. In the late 1980s, NBC began pursuing a strategy of diversification, NBC also had partial ownership of several regional sports channels and other cable channels such as American Movie Classics and Court TV. In 1995, NBC began operating NBC Desktop Video, a news service that delivered live video to personal computers. The following year, NBC announced an agreement with Microsoft to create an all-news cable television channel, a separate joint venture with Microsoft included establishing a news website, MSNBC. com. In 1998, NBC partnered with Dow Jones & Co, the two companies combined their financial news channels outside the US. The new networks included NBC Europe, CNBC Europe, NBC Asia, CNBC Asia, NBC Africa, in 1999, NBC took a 32% stake in the Paxson group, operator of PAX TV. Five years later, NBC decided to sell its interest in PAX TV and end its relationship with PAX owner, in 2001, NBC acquired the US Spanish-language broadcaster Telemundo, which included the bilingual Mun2 Television. That same year NBC acquired the cable channel Bravo, the sale and resulting merger formed NBC Universal. The new company was 80% owned by GE, and 20% owned by Vivendi, Universal Music Group was not included in the deal and is not part of NBC Universal. On August 2,2004, the divisions of NBC. NBC Studios series bought into the company include the NBC dramas Las Vegas, Crossing Jordan, Universal Network Television bought the Law & Order franchise and The District—in fact, Universal Network Television had co-produced American Dreams with NBC before the merger. Entertainment shows produced by the new group include The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Last Call with Carson Daly, and Saturday Night Live. The formation of NBC Universal saw the establishment of NBC Universal Cable, which oversees the distribution, marketing, NBC Universal Cable also manages the companys investments in The Weather Channel and TiVo. The cable division also used to operate NBC Weather Plus until 2008 and it also owned a 50% stake in Canal+ and also owned a 15% stake in A+E Networks until 2012
4.
PictureBox Films
–
PictureBox is a video on demand film service offering a selection of films for a monthly subscription. PictureBox was the first only wholly owned SVOD operated by NBCUniversal, in September 2016, PictureBox announced a rebrand of the service, along with the relaunch of its website. The new website features include a page for each territory service provider. PictureBox differentiates itself from other video on demand services by offering subscribers ‘hand-picked’ films. Instead of featuring a number of titles, its ‘panel of film lovers’ shortlist a selection of content each month. Films that have played for the longest time are removed from the service, users do not pay per film, for a monthly subscription they have access to any available films and can watch these titles as many times as they choose. In UK, Russia, and Central and Latin America, subscribers can access TV shows, James King and Karen Krizanovich are two leading UK film critics on PictureBox. Both James and Karen work with PictureBox hosting events, reviewing content and creating blogs for the website, since 8 March 2011, PictureBox has been available as an online film-streaming service in the UK and Ireland. It follows the subscription model, but allows films to be streamed to a computer. PictureBox online is available as an app from iTunes for Apple iOS devices and on Samsung Smart TVs. Further expansion of PictureBox online is planned with the addition of more compatible devices including games consoles, as of September 2016, PictureBox ended its online film-streaming service in the UK, with users still able to access PictureBox via UK provider TalkTalk TV. In the United Kingdom, the service is available through digital TV provider TalkTalk TV, TalkTalk subscribers have a selection of 60 films and a 500+ episodes, all on demand, at any one time. A selection films are swapped out for fresh titles each Friday, in Poland, PictureBox is available through the digital TV provider Multimedia. PictureBox subscribers have a selection of 16 films on demand at any one time, in September, PictureBox closed their B2B service in this territory. In Russia, PictureBox is available through the provider Rostelecom, Russia’s largest national telecommunications operator, subscribers can watch classic films as well as TV series, sport series, concerts and programming for children. There is a selection of 35 on demand films at any one time, plus 6 TV Box sets across genres including, Sci-Fi, Comedy and Drama, Reality, Cult Crime/Thriller, PictureBox is available in Central and Latin America on platforms including Clarovideo and Net. Subscribers can watch films as well as TV series, sport series, concerts. There is a selection of 35 on demand films at any one time, plus 6 TV Box sets across genres including, Sci-Fi, Comedy and Drama, Reality, Cult Crime/Thriller, and First Glance/Second Chance
5.
Video on demand
–
IPTV technology is often used to bring video on demand to televisions and personal computers. Internet television, using the Internet, is a popular form of video on demand. VOD can also be accessed via desktop client applications such as the Apple iTunes online content store, some airlines offer VOD as in-flight entertainment to passengers through individually controlled video screens embedded in seatbacks or armrests or offered via portable media players. Some video on demand services such as Netflix use a model that requires users to pay a monthly fee to access a bundled set of content. Other services use a model, where access is free for Internet users. Downloading and streaming video on demand systems provide the user all of the features of Portable media players. Some VOD systems that store and stream programs from hard drives use a memory buffer to allow the user to fast forward. It is possible to put video servers on local area networks, streaming video servers can also serve a wider community via a WAN, in which case the responsiveness may be reduced. Download VOD services are practical to homes equipped with cable modems or DSL connections, servers for traditional cable and telco VOD services are usually placed at the cable head-end serving a particular market as well as cable hubs in larger markets. In the telco world, they are placed in either the central office, the first Video on Demand systems used tapes as the realtime source of video streams. GTE started as a trial in 1990 with AT&T providing all components, by 1992 VOD servers were supplying previously encoded digital video from disks and DRAM. In the US the 1982 anti-trust break-up of AT&T resulted in a number of telephone companies called Baby Bells. Following this the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 prohibited telephone companies from providing services within their operating regions. All of these companies and others began holding trials to setup systems for supplying Video on Demand over telephone, in November 1992 Bell Atlantic announced a VOD trial. The IBM was developing video server code-named Tiger Shark, concurrently Digital Equipment was developing a scalable video server. Bell Atlantic selected IBM and April 1993 the system became the first VOD over ADSL to be deployed outside the lab, in 1994-5 US West went on to file for VOD at several cities. 330,000 subscribers in Denver,290,000 in Minneapolis, many VOD trials were held with various combinations of server, network and set-top. Of these the primary players in the US were the companies, using DEC, Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, USA Video, nCube, SGI
6.
BT Sport ESPN
–
BT Sport ESPN is a sports television channel provided by BT Consumer, a division of BT Group in the United Kingdom and Ireland, under licence from American sports broadcaster ESPN Inc. The channel was operated by ESPN from 3 August 2009 to 31 July 2013, programming is available in standard definition and high definition formats. It marked ESPNs first foray into live coverage of sports events in the UK. Prior to August 2009, ESPNs only operations in the UK were archive sports channel ESPN Classic, as well as the pan-European ESPN America channel, which focused on North American sport. On 13 June 2012, it was announced that ESPN had missed out on Premier League broadcast rights from the 2013-14 to 2015-16 season to Sky Sports and BT, the news followed speculation that ESPN was reconsidering its position in the UK. In the following months, ESPN also lost the rights to Premiership Rugby, Premiership Rugby Sevens Series and American, Brazilian, French and Italian top-flight football to BT. On 1 February 2013, Broadcast reported that ESPN had entered talks to sell off its remaining sports rights, on 25 February 2013, BT agreed to acquire ESPNs UK and Ireland TV channels business, consisting of ESPN and ESPN America. BT continue to broadcast ESPN since the completion date of 31 July. The value of the deal had not been disclosed, but BT was understood to be paying low tens of millions, on 9 June 2015, BT rebranded the channel as BT Sport ESPN. A carriage and retail agreement for both residential and commercial customers was struck with British Sky Broadcasting, who sold the channel through their Sky platform, British Sky Broadcastings Sky Media also acted as ad sales house for the channel. Some events were transmitted on Sky 3D including the Winter X Games XV,2011 FA Cup Final and 2011 NBA Finals. From 22 July 2011 ESPN was available without charge to full Sky Sports Pack subscribers in Ireland. ESPN is available on Virgin Media in standard and high definition as a part of the XL pack, M, M+ or L pack customers can subscribe to ESPN and BT Sport. A discount was available to Sky Sports subscribers. ESPN and ESPN HD returned on 15 August after BT signed a deal with Virgin Media for the carriage of BT Sport. Top Up TV carried ESPN from 4 August 2009, a connection fee applied to non Top Up TV subscribers, ex-Setanta digital terrestrial television customers or those without a viewing card. On 26 July 2011 Top Up TV announced that ESPN would be available via a conditional-access module when the CAM service was launched in August, BT Vision has carried ESPN from 4 August 2009 as part of BT Visions Value Packs. On both BT Vision and Top Up TV, ESPN broadcasts from 14,00 -04,00 on weekdays,11,00 -06,00 on Saturday and 11,00 –04,00 on Sunday
7.
Sky Sports
–
Sky Sports is a group of sports television channels operated by the satellite pay-TV company Sky plc. Sky Sports is the dominant subscription television sports brand in the United Kingdom, Sky Sports 1,2,3,4 and 5 are available as a premium package on top of the basic Sky package. These channels are available as premium on nearly every satellite, cable and IPTV broadcasting system in the UK. Sky Sports News HQ and Sky Sports Mix are both provided as part of basic packages, the Sky Sports network is managed by Barney Francis. At launch on 5 February 1989, Sky Television operated Eurosport as a 50/50 joint venture with the European Broadcasting Union, however, the service had encountered a legal challenge from rival sports channel Screensport, a joint venture between WH Smith Television and Americas ESPN network. Subtitled as The European Sports Network, the channel was available on the Astra satellite. Screensports contention was that the involvement of the EBU with Skys Eurosport channel had the effect of restricting and distorting competition in the sports market, the European Commission agreed, and the Eurosport joint venture ceased broadcasting in early 1991. The Sports Channel was part of the BSB channel line-up, the Sports Channel survived BSBs merger with Sky Television to become one of the five channels operated by the consolidated British Sky Broadcasting. In the BSB years, it shared the frequency with its underpromoted sister channel, The Computer Channel. The channel is seen as a presuccessor of Sky Sports, with Sky owning any archive recordings made by the channel, an example of this was a 1996 retro screening of Liverpool and Evertons 1991 FA Cup 4-4 draw between the sides. The commentary was taken from the original BSB Sports Channel alongside on-screen captions, the channel was sold as one of the major draws of the Sky system and initially aired sports such as rugby and golf in 1991, before acquiring rights to German and Italian league football in 1996. The channel was initially encrypted but broadcast free-to-view, requiring an analogue VideoCrypt decoder, since VideoCrypt decoders were only officially available within the UK, this measure was intended to prevent viewing of the service outside the UK and Ireland. However, it was following the formation of the Premier League for the 1992/93 football season, believed to have been assisted by the promise of higher TV payments, that Sky Sports became well known. By bidding £304m, BSkyB beat the BBC and ITV to acquire the live and exclusive Premier League football broadcasting rights for the United Kingdom, in doing so, they had taken live top-flight English league football from terrestrial and free-to-air television for the first time in its history. At this point, Sky Sports became a channel, available with a monthly subscription on a standalone basis. Sky Sports 1 mainly broadcasts football, Sky launched its second sport-dedicated channel, Sky Sports 2 on 19 August 1994, three years after the original channel launched on the Marcopolo satellite on BSB. As a result, Sky Sports was renamed as Sky Sports 1, Sky Sports 2 mainly broadcasts Cricket and Rugby Union. Sky Sports Gold, a dedicated to classic sport, in a similar vein to ESPN Classic
8.
Television
–
Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
9.
Sky UK
–
Sky UK Limited is a telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband services, fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers. It is the UKs largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015 and it was the UKs most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007. Its corporate headquarters are based in Isleworth, formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, Sky became the UKs largest digital subscription television company. Following Skys 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90. 04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014, the United Kingdom operations also changed the company name from British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited, still trading as Sky. Sky UK Limited is an owned subsidiary of Sky plc, with its current company directors being Andrew Griffith. Griffith acts as the Chief Financial Officer and the Managing Director for the commercial businesses division, after the two companies merged, subscribers could get access to both channels, and later the sports channel Sky Sports also became encrypted. In the autumn of 1991, talks were held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five-year period, ITV were the current rights holders, and fought hard to retain the new rights. ITV had increased its offer from £18m to £34m per year to control of the rights. BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid, Murdoch described sport as a battering ram for pay-television, providing a strong customer base. A few weeks after the deal, ITV went to the High Court to get an injunction as it believed their bid details had been leaked before the decision was taken. ITV also asked the Office of Fair Trading to investigate since it believed Rupert Murdochs media empire via its newspapers had influenced the deal. A few days later neither action took effect, ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £262m bid, and Premier League advised BSkyB to increase its counter bid. BSkyB retained the rights paying £670m 1997–2001 deal, but was challenged by On Digital for the rights from 2001–2004, in May 2006, the Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports was awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters. Sky picked up the four for £1. 3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid £4. 2bn for a package of 120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016 and this represented an increase of 70% on the previous contract and was said to be £1bn more than the company had expected to pay. The move has been followed by staff cuts, increased subscription prices, in September 1993, BSkyB launched Sky Multichannels which was the present digital platforms analogue predecessor. Sky Multichannels was a package that gave access not only to Skys own channels
10.
Sky Living
–
Sky Living is a television channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland, owned and operated by Sky plc. The channel was launched as UK Living on 1 September 1993 and it was known as simply Living from 1997 to 2002, as Living TV from 2002 to 2007, and again as Living from 2007 to 2011. British Sky Broadcasting took over the channel in 2010, and rebranded it as Sky Living on 1 February 2011, the channels programming was originally aimed mainly at women and young adults. UK Living began broadcasting on 1 September 1993, as part of the Sky Multichannels network, the channel was mainly aimed at women aged between 25 and 45, broadcasting films, dramas, chat shows and soap operas. Most of its programming came from the programme libraries of Thames Television. A unique aspect was the repeats of such as Kilroy, Anne and Nick, and Floyd. Shortly afterwards the channel moved away from its reliance of BBC programming, in 1997, when the BBC and Flextech launched the UKTV Network, UK Style, UK Horizons and UK Arena, it was decided that UK Living would remain a separate channel. As such, it had to remove the UK branding to avoid being confused with the UKTV services, as part of an attempt to appeal more to men, the channels pink branding were replaced by a blue and silver logo in September 2013. The most watched shows on the channel are The Blacklist, Elementary, the show had brought some of the channels biggest ratings to date. And Most Haunted, which continued to be popular, the channel has also launched a number of successful US television shows in the UK market. Past successes include Charmed, Will & Grace, Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, Miss Match, Joan of Arcadia, CSI, and Just Shoot Me. At present the channel currently has first run UK rights to Boston Legal, Criminal Minds, Blindspot, Greys Anatomy, Ghost Whisperer, The L Word, Men in Trees and the Australian comedy Kath & Kim. In 2008 the channel debuted the first seasons of Army Wives, Lipstick Jungle. Brian Dowling was put forward as one of the figures to represent the channel – by presenting programming including Celebrity Extra, Trolley Dollies. However, in recent years, he has been absent from the channel apart from the occasional Celebrity Extra presenting duties. To continue the list of reality TV stars hosting programmes, Jodie Marsh announced that she would be presenting a new programme called Get A Life starting on 1 March 2007. However, the announced that the show was to be cancelled. This will be the first time that her show will be broadcast in HD, the following is a list of the ten most watched programmes on Sky Living, based on Live +7 data supplied by BARB up to 6 December 2015
11.
Home (TV channel)
–
Home is an interior home and garden-orientated lifestyle television channel broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Ireland, as part of the UKTV network of channels. The channel originally launched on 1 November 1997 and relaunched in its current format on 30 April 2009, Home is broadcast 24 hours a day on Sky, Virgin Media and TVPlayer. The channel was transmitted by terrestrial provider ITV Digital 24 hours a day until the collapse in 2002. Home made a return to terrestrial screens for a time in the mid-2000s as part of the now-defunct Top Up TV system, the channel originally launched on 1 November 1997 as UK Style, broadcasting lifestyle programming from the archive of the BBC and from external producers. The channel was launched as part of the creation of the UKTV network. The channels success was noted when new channel UK Food was created with the purpose to free up the space on UK Styles schedule by transferring all food programming to the new channel. In January 2003, another new channel called UK Bright Ideas was created to showcase programming from UK Style and this was later extended to all networks, allowing repeats of some programmes to air on this channel only. On the 8 March 2004, in line with the rest of the UKTV network, the channels schedule was further freed up by the creation of new channel UKTV Style Gardens in January 2005, which allowed the transfer of all landscape and gardening programmes to the new channel. The channel name was shortened to UKTV Gardens in 2007. Other female lifestyle programmes were transferred to newly created channel Really, the channel has a one-hour timeshift service entitled Home +1 that broadcasts at the same time as the main channel only one hour later. A two-hour timeshift called UKTV Style 2 launched on 12 December 2007 on major platforms, the channel closed on 15 September 2008 to make room for new entertainment channel Watch. The channels original identity revolved around the split in half horizontally with two objects coming together to form one object. These idents were accompanied by a logo consisting of UK inside a box, the channel also had a digital on-screen graphic of the same logo. During July 2002, the channel relaunched in image along with the rest of the UKTV network, the box and line logos were replaced with the channel name stylised UK Style with a four-box pattern positioned to the right of the logo. This style had been adopted by the majority of the UKTV channels, with each channels symbol representing the idents simplified and the channel focus in some ways. The boxes were arranged with one rectangle down the side, one running along the top half of the screen, a third in the centre bottom. This arrangement was also reflected in the idents in 2001. The idents were changed again in January 2003, with the pattern used again
12.
BBC
–
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
13.
Warner Bros. Television
–
Television is the television production arm of Warner Bros. Entertainment, itself part of Time Warner, as of 2015, it is the worlds largest television production company measured by revenue and library. Its most notable TV shows include Friends, ER, The West Wing, Smallville, Supernatural, The Big Bang Theory, The Wire and Full House. The division was started on March 21,1955 with its first and most successful head being Jack L. Warners son-in-law William T. Orr. ABC had major success against its competition with Walt Disneys Disneyland TV series, WB formally entered television production with the premiere of its self-titled anthology series Warner Bros. The one-hour weekly show featured rotating episodes of series based on the WB films, Casablanca and Kings Row. One such segment for Rebel Without a Cause featured Gig Young notably talking about road safety with James Dean, with only Cheyenne being a success, Warner Bros. ended the ten-minute promotions of new films and replaced Warner Bros. Presents with a series titled Conflict. It was felt that Conflict was what the series lacked. Conflict showed the pilots for Maverick and 77 Sunset Strip, the company also produced Jack Webbs Red Nightmare for the U. S. Department of Defense that was later shown on American television on Jack Webbs General Electric True. During a Hollywood television writers strike, Warner Bros. reused many plots from its films and this was another example of imitating Warner Bros B Pictures who would remake an A film and switch the setting. Two of the most popular stars, James Garner and Clint Walker, Garner never returned to the Warners fold during this period. Successful Warners television stars found themselves in leading roles of many of the films with no increase in salary. Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. was simultaneously the lead of 77 Sunset Strip, in a role on Maverick. Edd Byrnes and Troy Donahue would go on to become teen heartthrobs, Warners also contracted established stars such as Ray Danton, Peter Breck, Jeanne Cooper and Grant Williams. These stars often appeared as guest stars, sometimes reprising their series role in another TV series, the stars appeared in Warner Bros. Some stars such as Connie Stevens, Edd Byrnes, Robert Conrad, depending on the particular show, William Lava or David Buttolph would compose the music, with lyrics by Stan Jones or Paul Francis Webster, among others. For the crime shows, it was up to the team of Jerry Livingston and Mack David, who also scored the themes for the sitcom Room for One More
14.
The Walt Disney Company
–
The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
15.
Gold (UK TV channel)
–
Gold is a classic comedy channel from the UKTV network, broadcasting to the United Kingdom and Ireland. The channel is available as subscription-only on Sky, Virgin Media, TalkTalk TV, BT TV. It shows repeats of classic programming from the BBC and other broadcasters, the channels main rival is the ITV plc owned ITV3, which mainly airs the archive ITV programmes, and has a higher audience share than Gold. Another rival is More4 which also has an audience share than Gold. This is because they are free-to-air channels whereas Gold is a pay TV channel, the channel launched on 1 November 1992 as a joint venture between the BBC, through commercial arm BBC Enterprises, and outgoing ITV London weekday franchisee Thames Television. The channel, named UK Gold, was to show repeats of the classic programming from the two broadcasters. The rights to the BBC programmes previously were held by the BSB entertainment channel Galaxy, the channel was initially broadcast on an analogue transponder from an SES satellite at 19. 2°E which was less well suited for UK reception. As a result, the used to be notorious for being marred with interference, known as sparklies. Another initial drawback was the cutting of programming down to fit time slots. Reception improved however with the added to BSkyBs basic subscription package in 1993. In 1993, Flextech gain its first stake in the station after acquiring Tele-Communications TV interest in Europe, in 1996, it started discussions about increasing its stake, to gain full control. At that point, Flextech held 27% with Cox, BBC, by the Autumn, Flextech held 80% of UK Gold. Flextechs main reason for increasing its stake in UK Gold was in participation of new talks with the BBC, the UKTV network would expand to include numerous more channels as the years progressed. In 2003 however, UK Gold 2 was rebranded and repositioned as UK G2, on 8 March 2004, the channel was rebranded as UKTV Gold in line with the other channels in the UKTV network. At approximately the time, Granada-run archive channel Granada Plus closed to make way for ITV3. In late 2004, to films produced in Hollywood in a marathon. The channels had always been the main rivals to Gold due to the mix of archive BBC. ITV3 currently has a higher share, often put down to the fact that the terrestrial platform Freeview shows ITV3
16.
American Broadcasting Company
–
The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
17.
Crime & Investigation Network (Europe)
–
Crime & Investigation Network is a pan-European television channel broadcasting programmes related to crime, investigation and mystery programming. It is owned and operated by A+E Networks and British Sky Broadcasting, AMC Networks International DMC is responsible for the signal distribution across mainland Europe and the subsidiaries of AMC Networks International are the distribution representatives across Europe. In Spain, it is named Crimen + Investigación and in Portugal, it is named Crime + Investigation, the Portuguese version is available in Portugal and also airs in Portuguese-speaking African countries. Its programming is mainly in English and locally subtitled or dubbed and it is available through numerous satellite, cable, terrestrial and IPTV distributors across Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In some countries the advertisement and the announcements between programmes are localised, a high definition version launched on Sky on 5 November 2008. Crime+Investigation HD originally operated on a schedule to the standard definition channel. HD closed to allow Crime + Investigation HD to broadcast 24 hours a day, a one-hour timeshift channel named CI +1 launched on Sky UK on 2 March 2009. Since rebranding in January 2017 this has been named Crime+Investigation+1 and is on sky channel 554, the channel launched in the Netherlands in July 2011. An Italian version was launched on 17 December 2013 on Sky Italia, the network launched on BT TV on 15 August 2013 and TalkTalk on 28 August 2014. It is on the Entertainment Extra Boost along with History, Crime & Investigation Network Crime & Investigation Network Official Site
18.
History (European TV channel)
–
AMC Networks International DMC is responsible for the signal distribution across mainland Europe and the subsidiaries of AMC Networks International are the distribution representatives across Europe. Its programming is mainly in English and locally subtitled or dubbed and it is available through numerous satellite, cable, terrestrial and IPTV distributors across Europe, the Middle East and South Africa. In some countries the advertisement and the announcements between programs are localized. K, started on November 1,1995 as a week day three-hour block with British revamp Biography, History Alive and Our Century. The channel was A&Es first international venture In 1997, Sky Sports 2 became a full-day channel, the History Channel would now share transponder 24 with Sky Soap and Sci-Fi Channel. The History Channel launched in Scandinavia in September 1997, broadcasting for three hours per day on the Analogue Viasat platform, the launch of Sky Digital allowed the channel to increase it broadcast hours significantly. The channel was launched across Europe in October 2007. On 26 October 2006, The History Channel HD launched in the United Kingdom, a high-definition version of the History Channel was launched in the Nordic region on 13 December 2007. It offers a schedule to the standard-definition version. In January 2008, The History Channel HD launched in the Netherlands, in November 2008, the channel got its current name. The high-definition channel became History HD in the process, the company behind the channel was known as The History Channel Limited until July 2009, when it was renamed AETN UK to reflect the fact that the company now offers several channels. On 22 September 2011, AETN UK was rebranded as A+E Networks UK and it launched on BT on 15 August 2013 and TalkTalk on 28 August 2014. It is on the Entertainment Extra Boost along with CI, since the launch of History, the company has extended its line-up with, Bio. Lifetime Africa on 22 July 2014 In the German-speaking countries History is operated, KG, a joint venture between A+E Networks and NBC Universal Global Networks Germany. The channel launched as The History Channel on 15 November 2004, History is available on the cable networks of Kabel Deutschland, Kabel BW/Unitymedia, Primacom and KabelKiosk in all German states. It is also available on cable in Austria and Switzerland, on satellite, the channel was available on Arena. It was not available on Premiere, until that platform was renamed Sky on 4 July 2009, at the same time History HD, a high-definition version of the channel, was launched. The channel also hosts the History-Award, which has given annually since 2005. The channel had a feed in Spanish and another in Portuguese which includes dubbed English programs as well as locally produced programming, historia is available in Spain on Movistar+, as well as cable networks, IPTV providers as well streaming media
19.
MTV (UK and Ireland)
–
MTV UK is a general entertainment channel operated by Viacom International Media Networks Europe, available in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The channel was launched as part of MTV Networks Europe localisation strategy in 1997, MTV UK was launched on 1 July 1997. The channel was set up to provide audiences with local artists, prior to the localisation of MTV in Europe, the region was served by MTV Europe which was launched on 1 August 1987. Since February 2011 MTV has been solely an entertainment channel and relocated to the entertainment section on Sky, the channel is in over 10 million homes in the UK and Ireland. From its inception MTV UK & Ireland served the countries Ireland, for a short period the channel was made available free-to-air in New Zealand between July 1997 to June 1998 under a special agreement between TVNZ and MTV Networks Europe. The channel was broadcast on analogue from the Astra 1A satellite as part of the Sky Multichannels subscription package, in April 2001, the channel became a digital only channel within the UK and Ireland. As of 2014, MTV is available within the United Kingdom on Virgin Media, Sky, within the Republic of Ireland, MTV is available through Sky Ireland, Virgin Media Ireland, Vodafone TV and Eir TV. MTV UK & Ireland was launched on 1 July 1997 as part of MTV Networks Europes regionalisation strategy, MTV launched a UK specific channel to target existing competition within the market. In 1999, MTV Networks Europe announced that it would expand its channel portfolio within the UK, with the launch of Skys new digital television platform MTV Networks Europe launched MTV Extra and MTV Base. In 2002, MTV began to air programming from MTV US, MTV began to drop some of its localised programming in favour of MTV US shows. These shows included Jackass, Date My Mom and Dismissed, despite targeted efforts to play certain types of music videos in limited rotation, MTV greatly reduced its overall rotation of music videos throughout the first decade of the 2000s. While music videos dominated the channel in early 2000-2002 the rate of music rotation declined rapidly, similar trends are noted on other European MTV channels and other sister networks in the US. MTV Adria currently plays the most music of all MTV channels in Europe, in February 2004, MTV began to further regionalise its UK & Ireland feed to include a separate version for Ireland under the branding MTV Ireland. In July 2007, MTV in the UK was renamed to MTV One with a new branding launching across most of the MTV channels. MTV2 was renamed MTV Two to follow the consistent branding across the channels, promotion started on 1 July 2007 under the title MTV New 22.07.07. The rebrand saw viewers engaging with the channel, in early 2009, it was announced that MTV One would be rebranded as simply MTV and the one-hour timeshift MTV One +1 as MTV +1 on 1 July 2009. For most of 2008, MTVs main source of video programming was based on its sister channels MTV Two, MTV Hits, MTV Dance, MTV Base. As of 2009 the only music based programming on MTV include MTV Push, MTV World Stage and these shows are produced by MTV Networks International and are shown on most MTV channels worldwide
20.
Comedy Central (UK and Ireland)
–
Comedy Central is a British television channel that carries comedy programming, both original and syndicated. This channel is specific to audiences within the United Kingdom and Ireland, the channel is aligned with the original US version of the channel. The channel started as Paramount Channel in 1995, before rebranding as the Paramount Comedy Channel in 1997, the channel was launched as The Paramount Channel on 1 November 1995 with a broadcast of the Indiana Jones film Raiders of the Lost Ark. On 1 September 1997 the Paramount Channel became the Paramount Comedy Channel, with expansion of Sky Digital on 4 February 2001 the channel no longer shared air time with Nickelodeon and started broadcasting with a daytime schedule beginning broadcasts at 09,00. On 1 July 2002, the channel renamed itself as Paramount Comedy, by 2005, with the timeshift channel Paramount Comedy 2 having gone on the air in 2003, the primary channel was renamed as Paramount Comedy 1. On 17 February 2009, it was confirmed that Paramount Comedy 1 would become Comedy Central from 6 April 2009 in the UK, the channels repositioning gave it greater scope of introducing new programming direct from Comedy Central US and additional programmes from other US broadcasters. These new shows included, Two and a Half Men, Scrubs, The Office, The Sarah Silverman Program and South Park, after no longer having to timeshare with Nickelodeon, the station increased its broadcasting hours, and was joined by Paramount Comedy 2 on 1 September 2003. A one-hour timeshift, Paramount Comedy 1 +1 was launched on Sky channel 127 on 30 August 2005, a high-definition version, Comedy Central HD, launched on 9 August 2010 on Sky channel 222. On 1 September 2010 the channel became available on Virgin Media channel 133. Comedy Central HD broadcasts high-definition programming including Two and a Half Men,30 Rock and South Park, Virgin Media will also make some popular Comedy Central HD programmes available on demand. A second timeshift, Paramount Comedy 2 +1 was launched on Sky channel 159, nicktoons Replay did timeshare with the channel between 6,00 am and 7,00 pm. However, the channel closed on 2 October 2012 and was replaced with a timeshift version of Nick Jr. Comedy Central Extra +1 has since been re-instated and is now available on Sky Channel 159 as Comedy Central Extra +1, Comedy Central has an alternative Irish feed of the same channel available on Sky, UPC Ireland and Magnet Networks. The feed launched in May 2006, advertising on this channel is overseen by Sky Media Ireland, the domain name comedycentral. ie also redirects to comedycentral. co. uk. An additional Irish commercial feed of the service, Comedy Central +1, was also launched shortly after the parent channels rebranding on 6 April 2009. Comedy Central shares its free analogue cable TV frequency with Nickelodeon and this channel operated by UPC provided Nickelodeon from 5am to 7pm and Comedy Central through the night, however this has been discontinued. Current Programming In October 2011, Threesome, a comedy series. The series starred Emun Elliott, Irish actor Amy Huberman and Stephen Wight, was written by Tom MacRae, Programming executive Sarah Farrell told trade magazine Broadcast, This time next year, we will be doing as many of those projects as we possibly can
21.
Syfy (UK and Ireland)
–
Syfy is a television channel service specialising in science fiction, fantasy and horror shows and movies. It is available via cable, IPTV and satellite television platforms. The channel launched in 1995 in the UK a sister channel to the US Sci Fi Channel, Syfy currently operates as a channel service of Universal Networks International, a division of NBCUniversal. On 13 April 2010, Sci Fi Channel relaunched as Syfy, the relaunch was accompanied by the premieres of V and Human Target. The channel was given a new look and a tagline of Imagine Greater. The channel was notable for being one of the first UK television channels to show anime movies. Currently, most archive and anime programming have been phased out of the channel, which now concentrates on contemporary show, movies, one original UK production was the late-night show Headf**k, which featured excerpts from unusual TV shows, short films and music videos from around the world. Later episodes were presented by David Icke, as of April 2008, the channel reached an average of three million UK and Ireland households a week, appealing equally to male and female demographics. With the launch of Sky Digital in the UK the channel expanded to exclusive broadcasting on its own channel. The following is a list of the ten most watched shows on SyFy, the number of viewers does not include repeats or airings on SyFy +1 A high-definition simulcast channel was launched on the Sky+ HD service as the 31st HD channel on Sky. A range of high definition movies, including Sci Fi Channel original production Baal, The Storm God, aired on the channel along with Eli Stone, Tin Man and it was added to Virgin Media on 1 April 2010. List of science fiction television programs List of programmes broadcast by Syfy Official website
22.
Universal Channel (UK and Ireland)
–
The Universal Channel is a television channel owned by NBCUniversal. The channel mainly broadcasts United States imports including drama series and TV movies such as House MD, however the channel also screens British dramas including Hustle and Spooks, and Australian series like Sea Patrol and McLeods Daughters. The channel specialises in programming that is appropriate for the whole family and this channel is specific to audiences within the United Kingdom and Ireland. The channel was owned by the privately backed Sparrowhawk Media Group. It was previously known as the Hallmark Entertainment Network and the Hallmark Channel, coinciding with the launch of Hallmark Channel HD, Hallmark Channel became 16,9 widescreen capable on 28 June 2010. In June 2009, a memorandum leaked to the television trade newspaper Broadcast stated that NBC Universal planned to rebrand the Hallmark Channel as a Universal Channel in October 2009, the Hallmark Channel brand was licensed to NBC Universal from Crown Media and was due to expire. An NBC Universal spokesperson denied such a rebrand would happen, on 2 September 2010, Universal Networks International confirmed plans to rebrand the Hallmark Channel as the Universal Channel in the UK. On 18 October, the channel and its timeshift and high definition variants became the Universal Channel, Universal Channel +1. The Universal Channel gave UK premieres to cop show Rookie Blue and it also aired Shattered, which stars Callum Keith Rennie as a homicide detective suffering from multiple personality disorder. On 1 December 2010, Universal Channel launched a specific feed which targets Ireland, Universal Channel in Ireland airs localised advertising. The Irish feed does not include subtitles, tV3 act as the Irish variations advertising sales agents. On 31 July 2013 Universal Channel announced it was to reposition the channels identity to viewers in the UK, the new look was launched on 5 August 2013 featuring new logo, on-air and on-line identity. The channel uses the tagline 100% Characters and this coincides with some new programming arriving to the channel from September including UK and Irish premiere of Bates Motel. Bates Motel Sleepy Hollow How to Get Away with Murder Major Crimes Chicago Med Motive Law & Order, the number of viewers does not include repeats or airings on Universal +1 Universal Channel HD, a high-definition simulcast, launched on Sky on 28 June 2010 at 7pm. Showing US shows like the Law & Order titles, CSI, Universal Channel HD was also launched on BT TV on 1 September 2016. In July 2005, there were rumours that Sparrowhawk were going to launch a channel to the Hallmark Channel. This was denied by a spokesperson for Hallmark who said that a channel from Hallmark will not be launching anytime soon. Universal Channel Hallmark Channel Hallmark Channel Official website Universal Channel TV Listings
23.
Discovery (UK and Ireland)
–
Discovery Channel operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe produces an English speaking channel which targets the United Kingdom and Ireland. The channels programming is based on programming produced by Discovery Networks Europe, Discovery Channel Canada and it first became available in the UK on 1 April 1989 when Discovery Channel Europe launched. It was the first extension of the Discovery Channel outside the United States, prior to 1993, UK viewers could receive the channel from Intelsat satellites at 27. 5° West. In July 1993, the Discovery Channel launched on the Astra 1C analogue satellite on the popular 19. 2° East position where it used to broadcast only in the evening, starting at 4pm. On Astra, the space was filled by CMT Europe until 1994. Eventually, Discovery Home & Leisure would broadcast from the morning to 4pm when Discovery Channel took over, with the launch of Sky Digital in October 1998, Discovery Channel moved its start time to 8am, broadcasting for 18 hours per day. The time-shift channel, Discovery Channel +1, launched at the same time, analogue broadcasts were terminated in 2001. On 22 May 2006, Discovery HD was made available on Sky as part of the Sky+ HD launch line up and it was also made available on Virgin Medias cable service on 1 April 2010. From 30 June 2011 Discovery HD began to simulcast Discovery Channel in high-definition rather than use a separate schedule, the channel briefly had a 90-minute timeshift, called Discovery Channel +1.5. It launched on 25 June 2007 and it was replaced by Discovery Science +1 on 21 April 2008. An Irish advertising feed was launched in 2010, Sky Media Ireland operates the channels output in terms of advertising, sponsorship and scheduling. In January 2011, Discovery Channel UK released its new look which places its emphasis on the D-globe logo, the project was created by DixonBaxi and Double G Studios. However, an agreement was reached and programming continued uninterrupted, mythBusters American Chopper Extreme Engineering How Do They Do It. How Its Made Deadliest Catch Storm Chasers Man vs, wild Modern Top Ten Wheeler Dealers Coal Fifth Gear Bugs, Bites and Parasites X-Ray Mega Airport Official website
24.
Discovery Real Time
–
Discovery Real Time was a factual television channel owned by Discovery Networks Western Europe. It was originally launched in the UK in March 1992 as TLC and it was initially broadcast as a daytime channel from Intelsat, mostly aimed at cable systems where it would broadcast on the Discovery Channels frequency. When the Discovery Channel launched on Astra in July 1993, it didnt initially carry TLC in the daytime, from 1994, it shared a transponder on the Astra 1C satellite with the Discovery Channel, which started its broadcasts at 4 p. m. It was later rebranded as Discovery Home & Leisure in April 1997, full day broadcasting started with the launch of Sky Digital in 1998. In May 2001, a channel called Discovery Home & Leisure +1 was launched. From 1997 to 2002, the logo was blue, from 2002 to 2005, the logo was red. The channel was relaunched as Discovery Real Time on 7 May 2005 in the UK market, the channel aimed at complementing the female-skewed Discovery Home & Health. A sister channel called Discovery Real Time Extra was launched in August 2005, on 20 March 2009, it was replaced with Discovery Shed. Discovery Real Time is also available in other regions, including France. The channel used to be available in Asia, but since October 2008, the channel closed along with Discovery Travel & Living at 6am on 30 April 2013, to be replaced by TLC and Investigation Discovery +1. The last program on Discovery Real Time was, fittingly, The Joy of Painting, given that TLC is chasing a completely different demographic than the old TLC, Discovery is treating it as a new channel launch rather than a return. A Place in the Sun Challenge Tommy Walsh Come Dine with Me Dont Move, Improve Dream Homes Extreme Couponing Holmes on Homes Homes Under the Hammer How Clean Is Your House. The Joy of Painting Property Ladder Supernanny Wheeler Dealers The New Yankee Workshop Discovery Channel UK Discovery Real Time on TVARK
25.
BBC Worldwide
–
BBC Worldwide Ltd. is the wholly owned commercial subsidiary of the BBC, formed out of a restructuring of its predecessor BBC Enterprises in 1995. The company monetises BBC brands, selling BBC and other British programming for broadcast abroad with the aim of supplementing the income received by the BBC through the licence fee. In 2013/14, BBC Worldwide generated headline profits of £157. 4m and headline sales of £1,042. 3m, in 2012/13 it made a profit of £156. 3m on a turnover of £1,115. 8m. The company had made a profit of £104m on a turnover of £1, 085m in the previous financial year. BBC Worldwides profit rate was 11. 2% in 2011/2012, up slightly from 9. 6% the previous year, down from a peak of 21. 5% in 2002/2003, contrasting with 7. 8% in 2003/2004. The highest profile of these products was the listings magazine Radio Times. Prior to 1979, several BBC departments dealt with the exploitation and sale of BBC brands and this was rectified however as the economic situation eased and by 1982 BBC Publications had a trading profit of £4.7 million. BBC Transcription Services licensed BBC Radio material to overseas broadcasters, the selling of television programmes was at first handled in 1958 with the establishment of a business manager post. This gradually expanded until the establishment of the Television Promotions department in 1960 under a general manager, in its first year, the department saw the sale of 550 programmes overseas with a turnover of £234,000, with a further 1,200 programmes sold the following year. Radio programmes were only exploited on the level with the creation of the Radio Enterprises department in 1965. However, following the retirement of the Radio Enterprises general manager in 1969, in 1979 the department became BBC Enterprises Ltd. a subsidiary company wholly owned by the BBC. By 1982, the division were expanding with divisions responsible for video, recorded audio, film. At this point the company had a turnover of £23 million, on 1 April 1986, all commercial activities of the corporation, including BBC Publications, was merged into BBC Enterprises Ltd. In 1991 BBC World Service Television became the first commercially funded BBC broadcasting operation after the Foreign Office refused to pay for it, BBC Enterprises Ltd was subsequently reorganised in 1995 as BBC Worldwide Ltd. A review of the BBCs commercial activities took place in 2004 and concluded that the sell off of BBC Worldwides assets would not be as advantageous as keeping the business and driving it harder. Instead, some changes to its remit, focus, structure and governance were made, in 2007 BBC Worldwide purchased a 75% stake in the travel guide publisher Lonely Planet, acquiring the final 25% of the company in 2011. The acquisition was part of the BBCs strategy to grow its online portfolio and to increase its operations in Australia, in January 2009 it was announced that Ofcom had put forward the recommendation that Channel 4 merge with either the commercial network Five or BBC Worldwide. In the same year, the company was awarded the Queens Award for Enterprise in recognition of the companies growth, in 2012, the company began to reorganise their divisions from a product based system to a location-based system, resulting in Jana Bennett leaving the company
26.
CBS
–
CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
27.
Time Warner
–
Time Warner Inc. is an American multinational media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It is currently the third largest entertainment company in terms of revenue, after Comcast. It was also once the worlds largest media conglomerate, Time Warner was first founded in 1990 with the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications. The current company consists largely of the assets of the former Warner Communications, Time Warner currently has major operations in film and television, with a limited amount in publishing operations. Among its most popular assets are HBO, Turner Broadcasting System, The CW Television Network, CNN, DC Comics, and as of August 2016, Hulu, owning 10%. In the past, other divisions of Time Warner included Time Inc. AOL, Time Warner Cable, Warner Books and Warner Music Group, all of these operations were either sold to other investors or spun off as independent companies from 2004 to 2014. On October 22,2016, AT&T announced its intent to acquire Time Warner for $108.7 billion, Time Warner consists of three divisions, Home Box Office Inc. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. and Warner Bros. Home Box Office Inc. operates the namesake HBO premium television service as well as sister service Cinemax, hBO- and Cinemax-branded channels are currently available in over 70 countries around the world, and HBO programming is licensed to other television networks in over 150 countries. In 2012, HBO was the #1 premium pay television service in primetime television, in 2013, the network received five Golden Globes and 23 primetime Emmy Awards. HBO’s programming includes the airing of feature films, HBO Documentary Films, HBO original films, the network has developed content distribution platforms, like HBO GO and Max GO to help support and deliver programming to users via online and mobile devices. In 2011, Cinemax launched its first original series, Strike Back. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. operates international news, entertainment, animation, young adult, Turner brands include CNN, HLN, TNT, TBS, Cartoon Network, Turner Classic Movies, truTV, Turner Sports, and more. Turners brands and sub brands reach broad domestic and international audiences, in addition to television network programming, Turner manages digital sports entities, including bleacherreport. com NBA. com, PGA. com and NCAA. com. Turner Sports produces sports programming and content for the Turner Networks, Turner Sports’ television line-up includes NBA and MLB games, the NCAA Tournament Games, and the PGA Championship. Turner operates PGA. com and related properties of the PGA under agreements with the PGA. Pictures Group grossed 4.3 billion dollars at the box office. Home Video is the leader with a 21% market share in total DVD
28.
National Geographic (UK and Ireland TV channel)
–
The National Geographic Channel is a television channel that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. It features some programming similar to that on the Discovery Channel such as nature, the channel was launched in Europe in September 1997 and time shared initially with the failing NBC Europe until NBC Europes demise in 1998. It was later launched worldwide including in Asia and the United States, today, the channel is available in over 143 countries, seen in more than 160 million homes and in 25 languages. This includes an English-language version for the UK, Ireland, Malta and it also includes Dutch, Italian, Norwegian and Turkish speaking channels among others. The channels musical signature is the Elmer Bernstein composed theme that has appeared on the National Geographic broadcast-TV specials. The NGS provides programming expertise, while BSkyB provides its expertise on distribution, marketing, commercial, the partnership builds and operates National Geographic channels and services across Europe. In December 2006, News Corporation purchased 25 percent of the Societys stake in the company and this meant that BSkyB owned half company, while the National Geographic Society and News Corp held 25 percent share each. In December 2007, BSkyB sold its stake in the partnership to the Fox Entertainment Group, National Geographic Channel HD is available in the UK and Ireland. It launched on 22 May 2006 on Sky channel 543, the channel joined Virgin Medias cable TV line-up on 30 July 2009. On 5 August 2009, it was made available on UPC Irelands cable TV service. Air Crash Investigation Ape Man Banged Up Abroad Be the Creature Big Bang Built for the Kill Car S. O. S. Wicked Tuna World of Wildlife Rob Jarvis, who is known as Eddie in Hustle is one of the two main male promo voices for this channel, along with Adam Longworth from XFM radio station
29.
Bloomberg Television
–
Bloomberg Television is an American-based international cable and satellite business news television channel that is owned by Bloomberg L. P. It is distributed globally, reaching over 310 million homes worldwide and it is primarily headquartered in New York City, with European headquarters in London and Asian headquarters in Mumbai and Hong Kong. S. Broadcasts are headed by Justin Smith, the CEO of Bloomberg Media Group, Smith replaced Andy Lack, who would eventually return to NBC News. The network also provides funding and studio facilities for the nightly PBS/WNET program Charlie Rose, Bloomberg Television first launched in the United States on January 1,1994 under the name Bloomberg Information TV, before it was shortened to its current name in 1998. The simulcast then moved to E. where it remained until the simulcast ended in January 2009, during its time on E. the 5–8 a. m. block was the most watched period for the network, according to Nielsen Media Research. Bloomberg Televisions U. S. network debuted a new package in January 2009. This current scheme was first used on the networks now-defunct pre-market program, Starting Bell, also on that date, Bloomberg U. S. revamped its weekday programming lineup. In October 2009, Bloomberg Television debuted another new graphics package, in 2011, Bloomberg Television announced a strategic relationship with Gas Station TV to deliver personal finance and business news to more than 27 million viewers each month at GSTV pumps. Bloomberg launched a high definition simulcast feed on May 9,2011, in mid-April 2013, DIRECTV started carrying Bloomberg HD. As of July 2014, Bloomberg Televisions standard-definition feed now shows a version of its native HD feed. In February 2009, Bloomberg Television announced that it would cease operating some of the variations of the channel. On March 9,2009, the channels available in Germany, France, Italy. Today, throughout Europe, the original version of Bloomberg Europe is available on cable. Since March 9,2009, Bloomberg Television utilizes its existing international production teams in Hong Kong, Europe and America, each Bloomberg receives localized advertising and a relevant business news ticker on screen. Bloomberg Japan ceased broadcasting on April 30,2009, the channel was then replaced by Bloomberg Asia. Bloomberg Japans Japanese language print newsroom and website continue to operate as normal, in June 2009, the Japanese service began running small on-air segments in cooperation with BS-Fuji Television. In October 2009, segments produced with the Tokyo Broadcasting System were added, Bloomberg Brazil and Bloomberg Latin America were integrated into the global Bloomberg channel during 2009. Bloomberg is a member of the Caribbean Cable & Telecommunications Association
30.
Eurosport
–
Eurosport is a pan-European television sports network, owned and operated by Discovery Communications. Discovery took a 20% minority interest share in December 2012, and became the majority shareholder in the Eurosport venture with TF1 in January 2014, on 22 July 2015 Discovery agreed to acquire TF1s remaining 49% stake in the venture. Eurosport owns a range of rights across many sports but generally does not bid for premium priced rights such as those to major football leagues. However, in 2015 it was awarded rights to broadcast the Olympic Games from 2018 for most of Europe and 2022 for the UK, Eurosport has also expanded its deal with The All England Club to show all the Wimbledon matches live in 16 additional countries. It is a 3-year deal that includes exclusive TV and digital rights and this expands their tennis portfolio to show all four Grand Slams. The network of channels is available in 54 countries, in 20 different languages, providing viewers with European, Eurosport first launched on European satellites on 5 February 1989. In February 2017, Discovery Communications launched the channel in India, the channel was made available on various platforms in both SD and HD feeds. Eurosport provides viewers with European and international sporting events, in June 2015 it was announced that Eurosport had secured the pan-European rights to the winter and summer Olympic Games between 2018 and 2024. Eurosport broadcasts every WTCC race live and every ERC rally either live or with daily highlights, Eurosport Events was also the promoter of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge, a rival rallying series to the World Rally Championship. The IRC ceased at the end of the 2012 season, with Eurosport taking over series promotion of the ERC from 2013, since 2008, the Eurosport Group has also been broadcasting the annual 24 Hours of Le Mans in full. On 29 September 2015, Eurosport acquired the Portuguese broadcasting rights for Formula One between 2016 and 2018, Eurosport broadcasts different sporting events in each region. Region-specific events are noted in the table below with a flag indicating the country it is broadcast in, if no flag is present, the broadcast is multi territory. Prior to the creation of Eurosport, the European Broadcasting Union was acquiring substantial amounts of sports rights and this provided the impetus for setting up the Eurosport Consortium, made up of several EBU members, to establish an outlet where these rights could be exploited. Sky Television plc was chosen as a partner, and the channel could launch on 5 February 1989. Eurosport was closed down in May 1991 after the competing Screensport channel had filed a complaint to the European Commission over the corporate structure, the channel was however saved when the TF1 Group stepped in to replace BSkyB as joint-owners. A new Eurosport channel was able to start its broadcasts the same month, on 1 March 1993, the cable and satellite channel Screensport merged with Eurosport. Eurosport eventually came under a French consortium comprising the TF1 Group, Canal+ Group, in January 2001, TF1 took full ownership of Eurosport. Europe and Eurosport formed a website which Eurosport used as its web portal, including an online TV guide, in the UK, Ireland, Spain, Italy
31.
Eir Sport 2
–
The channel carries coverage of association football, boxing, golf, motorsport, and coverage of the SSE Airtricity League. On 16 December 2013 Setanta Sports launched a high-definition of Setanta Sports 1, Setanta Sports 1 HD was first exclusively available through Virgin Media Ireland, but launched on Sky on 20 July 2015, along with Premier Sports HD. Most of these air on both Setanta Ireland and Setanta Sports 1 and are shared between the two channels, in some instances Setanta only possess Republic of Ireland rights, during such programming the channel is unavailable in Northern Ireland. Conversely, live coverage of GAA Championship matches is available only in Northern Ireland and it also simulcasts the radio show Off The Ball from Newstalk. Setanta is the sponsor of the Setanta Sports Cup, a soccer tournament featuring teams from the League of Ireland. As of 5 July 2016 in the Republic of Ireland, the Eir Sport Package is available for free to any Eir broadband customer and this includes the BT Sport package. Additionally the Eir Sport Package is available on Eir TV, Virgin Media Ireland, Sky Ireland, Eir Sport offers commercial venues in Ireland programming of sports such as football, Gaelic football, hurling, golf, cricket, rugby union and rugby league and boxing
32.
Administration (law)
–
As a legal concept, administration is a procedure under the insolvency laws of a number of common law jurisdictions. It functions as a mechanism for insolvent entities and allows them to carry on running their business. The process – in the United Kingdom colloquially called under administration – is an alternative to liquidation, Administration is commenced by an administration order. A company in administrative receivership is operated by an administrator on behalf of its creditors, the administrator may recapitalize the business, sell the business to new owners, or demerge it into elements that can be sold and close the remainder. Most countries distinguish between voluntary and involuntary receivership, in voluntary administrative receivership, the administrator is appointed by the company directors. In involuntary administrative receivership, the administrator is appointed by a judicial court, the legal terms for these processes vary from country to country, and the processes may overlap. In Australia, an administrator, also called an insolvency practitioner, is an independent person that is formally appointed to control an insolvent companys affairs. Administrators are required to be registered liquidators since they have powers to deal with company property. The appointment of an administrator freezes any legal proceedings against the company, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act provides mechanisms for consumer and general proposals in order to give time for an insolvent person to be able to reorganize his affairs. For insolvent companies owing more than $5 million, a more flexible regime is available under the Companies Creditors Arrangements Act, in UK law, the administration regime is governed by the Insolvency Act 1986, as amended by the Enterprise Act 2002. An administrator can be appointed without petitioning the court by the holder of a floating charge, other creditors must petition the court to appoint an administrator. The administrator must act in the interests of all the creditors, if this proves impossible he or she must work to maximise the recovery of the creditors as a whole. Only then may the administrator attempt to realise property in favour of one or more secured creditor, a firm is usually in Administration for no more than 12 months, after which an extension from the court can be produced at the courts discretion. The administrator is an officer of the court and an agent of the company and he has the power to do anything necessary or expedient for the management of the affairs, business and property of the company. This regime allowed the holder of a charge to appoint an administrative receiver to realise assets in his favour. This was felt to be too favourable to the charge holder at the expense of other creditors. A court order is issued that any form of legal or insolvency action without the courts permission. An application to the court for an order may be made by the company, the directors
33.
Turner Classic Movies (UK and Ireland)
–
It was launched in 1999, when its predecessor, TNT, dropped its film programming to become a general entertainment channel. Its penetration increased when it took over TNTs space on platforms on 1 July 2000. Unlike other versions of Turner Classic Movies and the other Turner channels in the UK, the channel became encrypted in January 2004 when it joined Skys subscription packages. In 2009, Turner Classic Movies received a makeover and a new logo in an attempt to attract a younger audience. With the makeover several new films were added to the channels catalogue, a one-hour timeshift, Turner Classic Movies +1, launched on 13 August 2013, replacing Turner Classic Movies 2. On 6 October 2015, the channel was rebranded from Turner Classic Movies to TNT in Poland and it was a UK-only spin-off channel from the UK version of Turner Classic Movies, and showed popular films from the Turner Entertainment library. Films were shown from 8pm to 4am from Monday-Sunday, and the week included a new line-up. This allowed the viewer to catch-up on the big films, thus allowing the chance to see the film on any day of the week. The channel timeshared with Cartoonito, another UK-only spin-off channel, the channel began airing Adult Swim at 10pm every Wednesday as of 4 January 2012, before moving to Friday later in April 2012. For unknown reasons, Turner Classic Movies 2 closed at 4am on 13 August 2013 and was replaced by Turner Classic Movies +1 later in the day. As Adult Swim shows cannot be shown on the UK version of Cartoon Network and they typically started at 1. 15am on Saturday mornings and included shows such as, Aqua Teen Hunger Force Robot Chicken Metalocalypse The Venture Bros. Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job, squidbillies TNT UK was launched on 17 September 1993 along with Cartoon Network UK. The two channels shared the same transponder with Cartoon Network broadcasting during the day with TNT taking over for the evening, initially TNT was on air from 7pm until 5am although in 1996 TNTs start time was pushed back to 9pm. In the early years TNT was primarily a movie channel although the year saw the channel move to a general entertainment schedule until TNT was replaced by Turner Classic Movies on 1 July 2000. Its old slogan was Classic Movies, world Championship Wrestling launched on TNT in April 1996 with WCW Monday Nitro. On 9 October 1998 WCW Thunder was added, both aired in a 9pm to 12. 30am block starting with the debut of Thunder. When TNT was closed down, WCW programming was moved over to Turner Classic Movies. Trailers aired on Turner Classic Movies informing viewers of the change
34.
Toonami (UK & Ireland)
–
Toonami was a British childrens channel which aired from September 2003 to May 2007. CNX also broadcast martial arts movies, adult-oriented animation like the Adult Swim originals, the networks audience was the young adult male demos thats currently catered by the UKs Bravo and the USs Spike TV. Almost a year later, CNX was relaunched as Toonami and now targeted towards a younger audience. However, TOM was not voiced by Steven Blum, instead given a new actor who sounded nothing like the original TOM. In 2005, Toonami was added to the TV and video on demand kids package for VNLs HomeChoice, Broadcasting for the channel involved using advanced MPEG-4 compression technology, the first TV channel in the world to do so. TBSE revealed Toonami and Cartoon Network Too would combine and left a space for the pre-school programming slot Cartoonito to be expanded into its own channel and this change happened on 26 May 2007. Toonami UK has had its critics ever since day one after it was relaunched from the previous CNX format, the biggest criticisms has come from viewers who wanted more action-animation aimed towards older audiences which had all but disappeared. Many of these programs have since been put into hiatus with no new episodes being purchased and this theory is corroborated by the fact that not a single episode of the myriad Super Friends shows have ever been broadcast on a Turner UK channel. Code Lyoko was later stripped across 7 days, destination Friday initially repeated the weeks episodes for viewers who either want to see them again or missed them the first time round. Between 5. 30PM and 7 p. m. a feature-length animated movie has also been shown. A selection of the various Batman animated movies were shown here, such as Batman & Mr. Freeze, Sub-Zero, Batman, Mask of the Phantasm and Batman Beyond, Return of the Joker. The UK premieres of the Dragon Ball, and Dragonball Z, backyard Science Battle B-Daman Batman of the Future The Batman Beyblade Beyblade V-Force Beyblade G-Revolution B-Daman Blue Submarine No. This was due to the 2006 European heat wave, with taking full force. The power cut caused a mix up of Turner Broadcasting System Europe channels, boomerang +1 was off air for some time, while TCM, reverted between TCM France and other programming during the times it was able to provide a service. TCM2 didnt have a power cut because of its downtime of timesharing, most advertising was suspended and several of the channel websites were offline also. These backups where played out with a message which said We apologise for the disruption to this service. This is due to technical problems and we will resume normal programming as soon as possible in multiple languages. The idents on Toonami which aired between shows during the black-out displayed the message Sorry, Toonami is broken, well be right back as soon as we fix it
35.
Boomerang (UK & Ireland)
–
Boomerang is a television channel broadcast in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland launched on 27 May 2000. It is broadcast 24 hours on the Sky, Virgin Media, Smallworld Cable, BT TV, TalkTalk Plus TV, Virgin Media Ireland and it mostly features classic cartoons such as Tom and Jerry and Scooby-Doo. Boomerang was originally started in December 1992 as a block on Cartoon Network USA. It originally aired for four hours every weekend, the programming block followed a unique programming format—every week, cartoons produced during a certain year would be showcased. For example, if Boomerang was showcasing the year 1969, the viewer would more than likely see an episode of Scooby-Doo, Where Are You. or Dastardly, US Boomerang channel was launched in April 2000. Boomerang launched on 27 May 2000, airing between 06, 00-00,00, on Sky Digital and certain cable systems. The channel was created by Turner Broadcasting to broadcast classic cartoons from the Hanna-Barbera, MGM and Warner Bros archive programme library, in May 2001 the channel became the second highest rated kids channel, with over 1. 3m kids tuning in. It was beaten only by sister channel Cartoon Network, in July that year the channel was launched on UK cable operator Telewest network, thus increasing viewers. James Greville, head of Cartoon Network UK at the time, said, The channel launched barely a year ago and yet its already beaten established kids channels in terms of ratings, by November the channel was launched on NTL platform. Boomerang increased its library of old cartoons by acquiring rights to other animated shows such as Danger Mouse, Snoopy, The Pink Panther, by the end of 2003 the channel started to move away from its original purpose, and moved to broadcast more recent programming. A timeshift channel known as Boomerang +1 was launched on 6 March 2006, Boomerang rebranded with the new international graphics package developed by UK based graphic design agency Art&Graft on 16 February 2015. An HD feed known as Boomerang HD was launched on 24 June 2015, between July to September 2007, the channel started airing live action programming, with My Spy Family. The series was a co-production between Turner Broadcasting and Kindle Entertainment, the show marks a major investment for Turner in live action at a time when many broadcasters are reviewing their commitment to childrens programming. Other live action series included Life with Derek and popular sitcom The Latest Buzz, shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue. Secret Squirrel The Smurfs Snorks The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries Thunderbirds Tiny Toon Adventures Top Cat Wacky Races Yogi Bear Official website
36.
Cartoon Network (UK & Ireland)
–
Cartoon Network is a British television channel available on Sky, Virgin Media, Smallworld Cable, TalkTalk Plus TV, UPC Ireland and TVPlayer. The channel is owned and operated by Turner Broadcasting System Europe, the channel primarily shows animated programming and was launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland as Cartoon Network UK/Europe on 17 September 1993. This was even though until 1999, the pan-European version only showed British advertisements, Cartoon Network UK also serves as the English language feed for Europe, which is also used by Malta. Cartoon Network launched a high definition version of the channel on 14 September 2011, on 1 October 1992, the original version of Cartoon Network was launched at CNN Center, Atlanta, USA. The channel was created in response of Turner Entertainment acquiring MGMs Cartoon and Film library in 1986, as a result of Turner purchasing MGMs Cartoon and Film library, Warner Bros pre-1948 content was also acquired, including early Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts. At launch in the United States, Cartoon Network had an 8,500 hour cartoon library, six months after the launch, Cartoon Network expanded into foreign markets by launching a Latin American version of the channel dubbed in both Spanish, Portuguese and English. Cartoon Networks large animation library was in demand in Western Europe and as a response to consumer demand, Cartoon Network Europe was launched on 17 September 1993. It launched only less than 12 months after the original American version and only 16 days after its main childrens television rival, the channel was originally twinned with movie channel TNT and ran from 5am until 7pm, with TNT taking over from 7pm to 5am. Sunday afternoons saw Super Chunk, which showed back to back episodes of one show for two hours between 1pm and 3pm, another feature was The Longest Day, in which Cartoon Network ran for an extra four hours until 11pm on 21 June, every year beginning in 1994. This slot was dedicated to cartoon movies. The first theme was the Checkerboard theme, which showed graphics from its US counterpart, the Checkerboard branding package was developed by Hatmaker Studios, now merged and part of its sister company - Corey, McPherson and Nash. Also unlike its rival Nickelodeon, which was part of Sky Multichannels, on 2 September 1996, Cartoon Network began running for an extra two hours until 9pm, and on 16 December 1996, it became a 24-hour channel, as did TNT on the Astra 1G satellite. However, a version of the channel called TNT & Cartoon Network continued to appear on some providers. Two years later on 19 December 1998, Cartoon Network launched as part of the Sky Digital satellite platform on the Astra 2A satellite, also, in February 1997, Dutch cable provider A2000/KTA added the 24-hour Cartoon Network and TNT channels to its programming lineup. From 15 November 1998, Cartoon Network was part of ITV Digitals channel package, TNT changed its programming from classic movies to general entertainment as the movies were moved to TCM, TNT UK ceased to exist on 1 July 2000 and was replaced with an analogue version of TCM. During the late 90s and the early 2000s, Turner Entertainment Networks International started localising their channels to different audiences across different countries around Europe. This lasted until October 2002 and was used throughout Europe and this theme was produced by the British animation studio, Cosgrove Hall Films. A DJ theme was used during the AKA Cartoon Network programming block, bumpers include a live-action DJ scratching a record, on 30 June 2001, the analogue feed on Astra 1C of Cartoon Network/TCM ceased broadcasting, this was when Sky ended its analogue services
37.
Cartoon Network Too
–
Cartoon Network Too was a British TV network created by Turner Broadcasting. CN Too is the station of Cartoon Network, and it often aired programmes a while after they are shown on the main Cartoon Network. During the daytime, it aired some action-adventure programming such as Ben 10, Alien Force and Star Wars. During overnight hours, usually between midnight and 06,00, it aired some shows which are no longer being produced. Cartoon Network Too was closed on 1 April 2014, on 24 April 2006, Cartoon Network Too was launched on Sky. It also became available on SCTV Digital when that became available in 2006, along with the main Cartoon Network Channel. The channel aired from 03,00 to 19,00, sharing a broadcast frequency with TCM2, a UK-only spin-off station from TCM. During its early months, Cartoon Network Too broadcast cartoons primarily made by Hanna-Barbera such as Dexters Laboratory, The Powerpuff Girls, Johnny Bravo, Wacky Races and it also showed cartoons such as Ed, Edd n Eddy, The Cramp Twins and Courage the Cowardly Dog. The channel launched at 10,15 with Dexters Laboratory being the first program to air and it was then followed by Cow and Chicken at 10,30, and Wacky Races at 11,00 during its original launch morning. Many of the shows originally on the channel have been removed since, on 23 May 2007 at 19,00, the old version of the channel closed for the last time. Viewers of Toonami were given three weeks of notice before Turner took the channel off air, Cartoon Network Too was in the process moved to Toonamis former slot on Sky Digital channel 602 and was launched on Virgin Media channel 732, again replacing Toonami. Cartoonito more recently changed its broadcast hours to 04,00 until 20,00, the US version of Toonami stayed on air until 20 September 2008. In June 2007, Cartoon Network Too became available on Top Up TV Anytime, however, on 2 June 2009 it was removed, but the main Cartoon Network channel continues to be accessible via Top Up TV Anytime. In June 2010, Cartoon Network Too was removed from SCTV Digital as a result of that going into administration. On 16 May 2012, Cartoon Network Toos logo was changed in line with the already updated main Cartoon Network logo, at the same time, it now targets a slightly older audience. It now focuses on programming and all modern classic programming will move to Boomerang in the near future. Modern classic programming had begun to be removed from Cartoon Network Too in favour of action-adventure programming, the remaining 4,3 shows were converted to 16,9 as well. On 1 April 2014, Cartoon Network Too was replaced with a relaunched 1-hour timeshift of Cartoon Network, the Cartoon Network Too website remained online explaining the change for a few days before redirecting to a placeholder image of the Turner logo
38.
Nickelodeon (UK and Ireland)
–
Nickelodeon is a TV channel that is dedicated to kids programming. In the UK and Ireland, it is operated under a joint venture between Viacom International Media Networks Europe and Sky plc, on 1 September 1993, a localised version of the US channel launched in the United Kingdom and much later in Ireland. In the United Kingdom, the channel is available on Sky, Virgin Media, in Ireland, the channel is available on Virgin Media Ireland, eVision and Sky Ireland. The channel launched on satellite on 1 September 1993, originally airing for 12 hours, off air the channel would air static logos, schedule information and teletext. Live presentation followed in 1994, branded as Nick Alive, from October 1995, it shared space with Paramount Channel. When Sky launched in 1998, Nickelodeon was in the original channel line-up on Astra 2A, however, analogue satellite services continued to shut down Nickelodeon at 7 p. m. each day until analogue satellite was discontinued in 2001. Later, additional channels were added such as Nick Jr. in February 2002, Nickelodeon revealed a new splat design which became the main logo for several years. Nickelodeon was also part of the ITV Digital line-up, until the services closedown in 2002, on 31 October 2005, Nickelodeon and Nicktoons extended their hours. In March 2009, the channel rebranded to a fantasy look, the channel previous rebranded in Autumn 2005, although the fantasy look was slowly introduced in 2008. On 15 February 2010, the worldwide rebrand logo for the network was adopted by this channel, the TeenNick block also adopted the American identity. On 30 April 2010, Nickelodeons sister channels took on their logos. A HD version was launched on 5 October 2010 on Sky, later, a HD version of the channel was also available on Virgin Media. The Nickelodeon channels available in the UK and in Ireland are operated through a joint venture with Viacom International Media Networks, Nick Jr. first appeared in the UK and Ireland from 1995, between 9am – 3pm on weekday school days on the main Nickelodeon UK channel. On 1 September 1999, Nick Jr. launched on Sky, Nick Jr. shows programming aimed at pre-school children, which was previously shown during the daytime on the main channel, but this strand has long since been dropped. Nick Jr. originally timeshared with MTV Dance when that channel launched in early 2001, though this ceased some time ago, on 22 July 2002, Nicktoons was launched, airing Nicktoons cartoons, as well as other cartoons, throughout the day. SpongeBob SquarePants and The Fairly OddParents are part of the Nicktoons schedule, on 24 April 2006, Nick Jr.2 was launched. It broadcasts Nick Jr. shows on a different schedule to the main Nick Jr. channel, however, unlike the main Nick Jr. it does not broadcast 24 hours a day. On 1 September 1999, a timeshift of Nickelodeon was initially launched on Sky
39.
Disney Channel (UK and Ireland)
–
Disney Channel is a kids and teens entertainment channel available in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland since 1 October 1995. A one-hour timeshift service called Disney Channel +1 is available on Sky, Disney Channel currently has two sister channels, Disney Junior and Disney XD. It currently focuses on live-action programming, Disney Channel was originally planned to launch in 1989 on the newly launched Sky satellite service. It was featured in much of the material surrounding the launch of Sky Television. Disney was supposed to start up two channels, but when the talks broke down, Sky issued a lawsuit against Disney, claiming £1.5 billion in damages. The suit was settled with Disney selling its stake in the joint venture back to Sky. Super RTL launched in Germany in 1995, as a joint venture between Disney and the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, Disney finally launched in the UK on the Sky platform on 1 October 1995, as the first Disney Channel in Europe and outside the United States. GEs AstroSpace division then modified the satellite for DBS usage for SES, in 1997, Disney Channel adopted a new Mickey Mouse head shape logo. The idents mainly used red and blue colors on irregularly shaped objects that formed the logo, on 1 May 1999, another new logo was launched, with three symmetrical circles forming the iconic Mickey Mouse head shape. On 29 September 2000, Disney Channel launched two channels, a preschool-oriented Playhouse Disney and the now-defunct 24-hour cartoon channel Toon Disney. A one-hour timeshift of Disney Channel also launched on the same day, all 3 were only available to Sky subscribers. NTL and Telewest customers could receive the main Disney Channel. Despite the launch of Playhouse Disney, Disney Channel continued to air a block of Playhouse Disney-branded preschool programmes during school mornings, on 15 March 2003, a new logo and graphics were introduced. In early 2006, Sky and Disney were locked in ongoing negotiations over a new contract for carriage on the digital satellite television service. The previous, ten-year deal, which was inked while Sky floated on the exchange in 1994, was temporarily extended whilst both sides attempted to reach an agreement. Sky was understood to have been seeking a reduced payment towards the kids broadcaster. A new agreement, reported to be worth £130 million a year, was reached on 27 February 2007, as a result, on 16 March, changes were made to the Disney services in the UK. Disney Channels main one-hour timeshift, Disney Channel +1 closed and was replaced with Disney Cinemagic +1, however, Disney Channel +1 subsequently returned on 26 June 2006
40.
Premier League
–
The Premier League is an English professional league for mens association football clubs. At the top of the English football league system, it is the primary football competition. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League, Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify. The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders, seasons run from August to May. Teams play 38 matches each, totalling 380 matches in the season, most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, others during weekday evenings. It is colloquially known as the Premiership and outside the UK it is referred to as the English Premier League. The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14, with BSkyB, the league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights. In 2014/15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion, the Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. In the 2014–15 season, the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000, most stadium occupancies are near capacity. The Premier League ranks third in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons. While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992, only six have won the title, Manchester United, Chelsea, Arsenal, Manchester City, Blackburn Rovers, the current champions are Leicester City, who won the title in 2015–16. Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 80s marked a low point for English football, the 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league, ten clubs threatened to leave and form a super league, but were eventually persuaded to stay. As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the influx of money into the sport. At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the games top-flight clubs, the argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow English clubs to compete with teams across Europe. The managing director of London Weekend Television, Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the big five clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for an away from The Football League. The FA did not enjoy a relationship with the Football League at the time
41.
Conditional-access module
–
They are normally used with direct-broadcast satellite services, although digital terrestrial pay TV suppliers also use CAMs. PC Card form factor is used as the Common Interface form of Conditional Access Modules for DVB broadcasts. Some encryption systems for which CAMs are available are Logiways, Nagravision, Viaccess, Mediaguard, Irdeto, KeyFly, Verimatrix, Cryptoworks, Mascom, Safeview, Diablo CAM and Conax. NDS VideoGuard encryption, the choice of Sky Digital can only be externally emulated by a Dragon brand cam. The NDS CAM which the Sky viewing card ordinarily uses is built into the Sky Digibox thus not visible, Dragon and Matrix, two popular cams with satellite television enthusiasts are multicrypt meaning each is capable of handling more than one encryption system. Matrix CAMs can be upgraded via the PC Card port in a personal computer whereas a Dragon cam update is done via separate programmer hardware. The primary purpose of the CAM is to derive control words, CAMs are normally removable so that they can be replaced after the hardware security is breached. Replacement of the CAMs in a system is called a card swap-out, the standard format for a CAM is a PC card which takes a smart card to authenticate, although CAMs with the smart card burnt into memory can be found. In addition, CAM emulators exist for many systems, either providing an interface to allow the use of more than one type of card, cableCARD Common Interface Conditional access Television encryption
42.
ESPN America
–
ESPN America was a British-based European sports network, focusing on professional and collegiate sports of the United States and Canada. Formerly operated by Setanta Sports with backing from Benchmark Capital Europe and it was subsequently re-branded as ESPN America on 1 February 2009 before closing on 1 August 2013. Programming on ESPN America varied from country to country, the channel operated three feeds throughout Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. In continental Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Iceland the broadcast also included NFL programmes, ESPN America also showed the Little-League World Series from Williamsport, PA and the Nathans Hot Dog Eating Contest from Coney Island in Brooklyn, NY. NASN paid £11. 6m in March 2006 for the rights to ten live MLB games a week. In 2006, ESPN programmes, including Baseball Tonight, Around the Horn, The Sports Reporters, however, they returned from 1 April 2007 after ESPN acquired the channel. ESPN America also aired other ESPN US produced single-sport programmes, such as College Football Live, College GameDay, NBA Fastbreak, in addition, to mark the 30th anniversary of ESPN, the channel has been showing ESPN Films 30 for 30 series. On 28 October 2009, ESPN America began to be broadcast in 16,9 widescreen, on 1 March 2010, ESPN America began showing a European edition of SportsCenter, anchored by Michael Kim. The 30-minute programme broadcast five days a week at 6am UK/7am CET with three repeat showings following immediately after, with a show at 10. 30pm UK/11. 30pm CET. The show was filmed at ESPN’s headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut, however, they still hold the rights for other countries throughout continental Europe, such as Germany. ESPN America acquired the American Hockey League, a minor North American Hockey League broadcast rights as a replacement for the UK, Ireland, in April 2012, SportsCenter moved from five to seven days a week with a new start time of 8am UK/9am CET. This show is repeated at 8. 45am, 4pm &4. 45pm. In late 2006, former owners Benchmark Capital Europe and Setanta Sports agreed to sell the network to ESPN for €70m. The sale was completed in March 2007 but the continued to be part of the Setanta Sports Pack on satellite television until June 2009 when Setanta UK went into administration. The network became known as ESPN America on 1 February 2009 to coincide with Super Bowl XLIII, the channel continued to provide the same lineup of North American sports programming. On 1 March 2010, the Nordic Canal Digital launched an HD version of ESPN America, the channel launched in the UK on the Sky platform on 21 June 2010. It was launched in Portugal on ZON Multimédias cable platform on 24 November 2010, in Germany, the Channel started airing over the Sky Germany platform on 27 October 2010. In Italy, the HD channel was launched on 1 February 2012, at midnight on 1 August 2013 the channel ceased its operations in all Europe, Middle East and Africa
43.
BT TV
–
BT TV is a subscription IPTV service offered by BT, a division of United Kingdom telecommunications company BT Group, and was originally launched as BT Vision in December 2006. As of the end of 2015, BT TV has 1.4 million customers, BT TV provides on-demand content,28 extra entertainment channels,9 extra childrens channels,11 Movie channels and 5 live sports channels. BT Sport channels are available in SD and HD through IPTV signals, BT Sport, ESPN and AMC from BT are now available in non-fibre areas over IPTV using copper multicast where available. BT started rebranding its TV services – Vision and BTs YouView service as BT TV between May and August 2013. On 11 April 2014, BT announced that the original Vision service will be closed down as of 30 June, the Vision service was, after August 2013, solely used to broadcast Sky Sports, as well as BT Sport for non-Infinity customers. In January 2001, the ban was lifted, BT Vision was launched on 5 December 2006, competing with Sky, Virgin Media and TalkTalk Plus TV. Initial industry reaction was positive although there was criticism that set up costs were expensive. In May 2007, BT Group launched an advertising campaign for BT Vision. BT Vision was the second IPTV television platform in the UK, the aim was to attract hundreds of thousands of customers by the end of 2007 and 2–3 million in the medium-term. However, adoption was slow and by February 2008 BT Vision had just 150,000 customers, BT Vision also have the right to offer on demand coverage of 125 matches each season from the Football League and League Cup. This service ceased prior to the start of the 2010–11 season, BT Vision made a deal with American sports TV company ESPN for carriage of its new channel which replaced Setanta on DTT. On 7 January 2008, BT reached a deal with Microsoft where the latters Xbox 360 console will provide BT Vision on demand content, the service was due to launch in mid-2008 but never materialised. On 28 June 2010, BT and Sky signed an agreement where Sky Sports 1 and 2 will be available for BT Vision customers and this came a year after BT stopped offering Setanta Sports 1 &2 on Vision after Setanta lost the rights to broadcast Premier League football. On 22 March 2012, it was announced that BT would offer UKTV original content on-demand from later in the day. Featured programmes include, James Martins Mediterranean, Choccywoccydoodah, Extreme Makeover, Home Edition, Celebrity Fantasy Homes, Tool Academy, Bridezillas, Amazing Planet, as part of the deal, UKTV started streaming linear channels to BT Vision set top boxes later in 2012. The first three were Watch, GOLD and Alibi further channels, Good Food, Eden and Home were to launch at a later date. Dave, Really and Yesterday will likely not launch on the service as they are available on Freeview. On 11 April 2012, BT and Fox International Channels announced that from late 2012, BT Vision customers were also able to watch many of the top shows, up to seven days after transmission on-demand and watch library programmes on-demand
44.
BT Sport
–
BT Sport is a group of sports television channels provided by BT Consumer, a division of BT Group in the United Kingdom and Ireland that was launched on 1 August 2013. The channels are based at the former International Broadcast Centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London, BT Sport is available on the BT TV, Sky and Virgin Media television platforms in the UK. BT Sport also holds shared rights to the FA Cup with the BBC, the Scottish Professional Football League with Sky Sports and BBC Alba and the Rugby Champions and Challenge Cups with Sky Sports. On 2 May 2013, BT Sport 1 and 2 were added to the BT TV EPG, on Sky, the channels replaced BTs placeholders, Sailing 1 and 2. The BT-owned terrestrial feeds of Sky Sports 1 and 2, which were used for Top Up TV, were dropped on 1 July in favour of BT Sport 1 and 2. The terrestrial feeds were available to BT TV subscribers in non-BT Infinity enabled areas. These were removed from the platform in 2015, BT signed a wholesale deal with Virgin Media on 15 August 2013 bringing the channels free of charge to customers in the TV XL package. In Ireland BT Sport is bundled with eir Sports subscriptions, the deal means BT Sport 1,2,3 & ESPN is part of the eir Sports Pack in Ireland, along with eir Sports 1 and eir Sports 2. An interactive service, BT Sport Extra, launched in September 2014, One video stream was available at launch which expanded to seven in August 2015. BT Sport Extra can be accessed directly from the EPG on BT TV and from the red button on Sky, on 4 August 2016, BT Sport Europe was renamed BT Sport 3 and BT Sport Ultra HD to BT Sport 4K UHD. Customers who wish to view the channels can subscribe to the BT Sport Pack for £6 per month. BT also provide broadband access to the channels via the BT Sport online player. Sky customers in the UK who subscribe to the BT Sport Pack also have access to the AMC from BT channel. BT showed 38 live matches from the Premier League each season, including 18 first pick matches, from the 2013/14 season to the end of the 2015/16 season. In October 2012 BT announced it had also agreed deals to air Serie A, Ligue 1, Brasileirão and Major League Soccer, all of which were previously broadcast on ESPN, in January 2013 BT announced they will also broadcast Womens Tennis Association matches from 21 tournaments. This led to the shutting down of ESPN Classic and ESPN America in favour of the BT Sport channels, on 7 May 2013, BT Sport acquired the rights to air Ultimate Fighting Championship events and taped programming in the UK and Ireland for three years, from 1 August. BT Sport also broadcasts the FA WSL, A-League and programming from Red Bull Media House, on 9 May 2013, BT announced that they had acquired the exclusive UK TV rights to MotoGP along with the Moto2 and Moto3 championships. Later in May BT Sport acquired rights to the Football Conference for two years with 25-30 live games a season, including the end-of-season play-offs
45.
Common Interface
–
It is also referenced as DVB-CI for Digital Video Broadcast - Common Interface. The host is responsible for tuning to pay TV channels and demodulation of the RF signal, the Common Interface allows them to communicate with each other. The Common Interface can be used for pay-to-view TV, a module is used to interface between the card and the TV or device. This allows manufacturers to install a single interface into their devices rather than many and it is a similar concept to USB. All Common Interface equipment must comply with the EN 50221-1997 standard and this is a defined standard that enables the addition of a conditional-access module in a DTV receiver to adapt it to different kinds of cryptography. Indeed, one of Digital Video Broadcastings main strengths is the option of implementing the required conditional access capability on the Common Interface and this allows broadcasters to use modules containing solutions from different suppliers in the same broadcast system, thus increasing their choice of anti-piracy options. The interconnect is formed between a host and a module, examples of a host are a digital television or digital set-top box. The EN50221 specification allows many types of module but only the conditional-access module has found popularity because of the pay TV market, a DVB receiver may have one or two slots implementing the Common Interface. Those algorithms are proprietary to individual suppliers, each one uses their own algorithms and there is no defined standard for them. If several CI cards are present, the MPEG transport data stream will be passed sequentially through all these cards, an embedded CAM may not physically exist, as it may be in CPU software. In such a case, only the card reader normally in the CAM is fitted. Even if the Common Interface has been created to resolve issues, it can have other functions using other types of modules such as Web Browser, iDTV. In Europe, DVB-CI is obligatory in all iDTV terminals, the host sends an encrypted MPEG transport stream to the CAM and the CAM sends the decrypted transport stream back to the host. The CAM often contains a smart-card reader, the normative DVB-CI standard EN50221 was defined in 1997 by CENELEC, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. According to the Common Interface scheme, host, A device where module can be connected, for example, an Integrated receiver/decoder, a VCR, the specification only defines two aspects, two logical interfaces to be included on the same physical interface. The first interface is the MPEG-2 Transport Stream, the link and physical layers are defined in this specification and the higher layers are defined in the MPEG-2 specifications. The second interface, the interface, carries commands between the host and the module. The specification does not define the operation or functionality of a conditional access system application on the module, the applications that may be performed by a module communicating across the interface are not limited to conditional access or to those described in this specification
46.
Nagravision
–
Nagravision is a company of the Kudelski Group that develops conditional access systems for digital cable and satellite television. The name is used for their main products, the Nagravision encryption systems. 4 versions of Nagravision are in use for digital satellite television, known as Nagravision, Nagravision Cardmagedon, Nagravision Aladin. Nagravision Cardmagedon and Aladin are often confused with other and used under the term Nagravision 2 which technically does not exist. Nagravision Cardmagedon is, however, a combination of Nagravision Aladin. Nagravision Merlin is also known as Nagravision 3, the decryption unit is either integrated into a receiver, available as a conditional-access module, or as one of many encryption schemes supported on a CAM emulator. A. The system also permitted the audio signal to be scrambled by inverting its spectrum at 12.5 kHz using a frequency mixer, openTV Kudelski Group Markus Kuhn, Analysis of the Nagravision video scrambling method,1998 – explains an attack against the old Nagravision system for analog television
