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Toyota Industries
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Toyota Industries Corporation is a Japanese machine maker. Originally a manufacturer of automatic looms, it is the company from which Toyota Motor Corporation developed and it is the worlds largest manufacturer of forklift trucks measured by revenues. The company was founded in 1926 as Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. by Sakichi Toyoda, at the time it was the worlds most advanced loom, delivering a dramatic improvement in quality and a twenty-fold increase in productivity. In 1933, the company established its department, led by Kiichiro Toyoda. This department was spun off as Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. in 1937 and is now known as Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Industries is one of 13 core companies of the Toyota Group. The company owns 5. 55% of Toyota Motor and is the largest shareholder, as a countermeasure against hostile merger and acquisition attempts, Toyota Motor currently holds 23. 5% of common stock of its parent company Toyota Industries. Toyota Industries is active in five areas, automotive, materials handling, electronics, logistics. Toyota Industries Corporation is under contract from Toyota Motor Corporation for the production of the Toyota Vitz/Yaris, the company manufactures automotive engines for use in Toyota-brand automobiles such as Avensis, Corolla, Crown, and Land Cruiser. In 2000, Toyota Industries acquired the Swedish-based forklift truck corporation BT Industries, alongside BTs subsidiaries, U. S. -based The Raymond Corporation, combined with Toyota Industries materials handling division, this created the largest forklift company in the world, Toyota Material Handling Corporation. In October 2012, Toyota Industries acquired Cascade Corp. a maker of parts for the lift trucks industry, the companys shares are traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under symbol 6201. T. ST Liquid Crystal Display Toyota Group Toyota Industries S. C, Toyota Jido Shokki Toyota Material Handling, U. S. A. Inc. Toyota Forklifts in Hebrew Company website in Japanese Company website in English
2.
Toyota
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Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In March 2014, the corporation consisted of 338,875 employees worldwide and. As of 2016, Toyota is the worlds second-largest automotive manufacturer behind German Volkswagen Group, Toyota was the worlds first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year which it has done since 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle. As of July 2014, Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization, Toyota is the worlds market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe. Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017 and its Prius family is the worlds top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his fathers company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and, in 1936, its first passenger car, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, the main headquarters of Toyota is located in a 4-story building in Toyota. As of 2006, the office has the Toyopet Toyota logo. Vinod Jacob from The Hindu described the headquarters building as modest. In 2013, company head Akio Toyoda reported that it had difficulties retaining foreign employees at the due to the lack of amenities in the city. Its Tokyo office is located in Bunkyo, Tokyo and its Nagoya office is located in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya. In addition to manufacturing automobiles, Toyota provides financial services through its Toyota Financial Services division, since 1950, the two entities had existed as separate companies as a prerequisite for reconstruction in postwar Japan. Shoichiro Toyoda presided over Toyota Motor Sales in preparation for the consummation of the merger occurred in 1982. Shoichiro then succeeded his uncle Eiji as the President of the organization that then became known as Toyota Motor Corporation. Announced the appointment of board members, this was a first for the corporation. Additionally, Vice Chairman Takeshi Uchiyamada replaced Fujio Cho as chairman, Toyota is publicly traded on the Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo exchanges under company code TYO,7203
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Keiretsu
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A keiretsu is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings. It is a type of business group. The keiretsu maintained dominance over the Japanese economy for the half of the 20th century. It is a key element of the industry in Japan. The prototypical keiretsu appeared in Japan during the economic miracle following World War II, prior to World War II, Japans industrialized economy was dominated by four major zaibatsu, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, Yasuda and Mitsui. They focused on steel, banking, international trading and various other key sectors in the economy, apart from this, they remained in close connection to influential banks that provided funding to their various projects. The zaibatsu had been viewed with ambivalence by the Japanese military. Remaining assets were highly damaged by the destruction of the war. Under the American occupation after the surrender of Japan, a successful attempt was made to dissolve the zaibatsu. During the occupation of Japan,16 zaibatsu were targeted for complete dissolution, among the zaibatsu targeted for dissolution in 1947 were Asano, Furukawa, Nakajima, Nissan, Nomura, and Okura. Their controlling families assets were seized, holding companies eliminated, and interlocking directorships, matsushita, while not a zaibatsu, was originally also targeted for dissolution, but was saved by a petition signed by 15,000 of its unionized workers and their families. Additionally, the politics of the Occupation during the reverse course served as a crippling, if not terminal. Even until today, banks and trading companies have been at the top of the pyramid, having access, shareholders succeeded over the family control of the cartel. This was made possible with relaxing of Japanese laws whereby holding companies could become stockholding companies, cartels and groupings of various kinds are common in Japan. The bank assists these companies with a range of financial services, the leading horizontal Japanese keiretsu, also referred to as the “Big Six”, include, Fuyo, Sanwa, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi, Mitsui, and Mizuho Financial Group. Horizontal keiretsu may also have vertical relationships, called branches, horizontal keiretsu peaked around 1988, when over half of the value in the Japanese stock market consisted of cross-shareholdings. Since then, banks have reduced their cross-shareholdings. The Japanese corporate governance code, effective from June 2015, requires listed companies to disclose a rationale for their cross-shareholdings, vertical keiretsu are used to link suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors of one industry
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Forklift
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A forklift is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials short distances. The forklift was developed in the early 20th century by various companies including the manufacturing company Clark. Following World War II the use and development of the truck has greatly expanded worldwide. Forklifts have become a piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing operations. In 2013 alone the top 20 manufacturers worldwide posted sales of $30.4 billion with 944,405 machines sold, the middle nineteenth century through the early 20th century saw the developments that led to todays modern forklifts. The forerunners of the modern forklift were manually powered hoists that were used to lift loads, in 1906 the Pennsylvania Railroad introduced battery powered platform trucks for moving luggage at their Altoona, Pennsylvania train station. World War I saw the development of different types of handling equipment in the United Kingdom by Ransomes. This was in due to the labor shortages caused by the war. In 1917 Clark in the United States began developing and using powered tractor, in 1919 the Towmotor Company, and Yale & Towne Manufacturing in 1920, entered the lift truck market in the United States. Continuing development and expanded use of the forklift continued through the 1920s and 1930s, the start of World War II, like World War I before, spurred the use of forklift trucks in the war effort. Following the war, more efficient methods for storing products in warehouses were being implemented, warehouses needed more maneuverable forklift trucks that could reach greater heights and new forklift models were made that filled this need. For example, in 1954 a British company named Lansing Bagnall, now part of KION Group, the development changed the design of warehouses leading to narrower aisles and higher load stacking that increased storage capability. During the 1950s and 1960s operator safety became a concern due to the increasing lifting heights, Safety features such as load back rests and operator cages, called overhead guards, began to be added to forklifts produced in this era. In the late 1980s ergonomic design began to be incorporated in new designs to improve operator comfort, reduce injuries. During the 1990s exhaust emissions from forklift operations began to be addressed which led to emission standards being implemented for forklift manufacturers in various countries, the introduction of AC power forklifts, along with fuel cell technology, are also refinements in continuing forklift development. Forklifts are rated for loads at a maximum weight and a specified forward center of gravity. This information is located on a provided by the manufacturer. In many jurisdictions it is illegal to alter or remove the nameplate without the permission of the forklift manufacturer, an important aspect of forklift operation is that it must have rear-wheel steering
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JTEKT
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JTEKT Corporation TYO,6473. T is a Japanese multibillion corporation created on January 2006 upon the merger of two companies, Koyo Seiko Co. and Toyoda Machine Works. Machine tool sales for North, Central and South America, aftermarket support services, arlington Heights, IL and the Re-manufactured Products Division operates out of Wixom, MI, with support offices in Monterrey, Mexico and Itu, Brazil. JTEKT Corporation machine tools are manufactured in Japan via JTEKT Corporation, and Taiwan, via WELE Mechatronics, a Toyoda Strategic Alliance Company, bearings Driveline Components Machine Tools Steering Products JTEKT North America is a separate legal entity headed by COO Mike Davidson who reports to the CEO. There are several locations of operations throughout the United States, Canada, in 2009, JTEKT NA purchased the needle bearing business from Timken. The needle roller bearing business was a part of the Torrington Company which Timken purchased in 2003, JTEKT gained five manufacturing locations along with a technical center and a business office in North America, as well as eight other locations worldwide. Canadian Warehouse and Operations Burlington, Ontario JTEKT Sona India Official website
6.
Bearing (mechanical)
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A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction, Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads applied to the parts. Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, the simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is often used to reduce friction, a wide variety of bearing designs exists to allow the demands of the application to be correctly met for maximum efficiency, reliability, durability and performance. The term bearing is derived from the verb to bear, a bearing being an element that allows one part to bear another. The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces, cut or formed into a part, with varying degrees of control over the form, size, roughness, other bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or machine part. The most sophisticated bearings for the most demanding applications are very precise devices, the invention of the rolling bearing, in the form of wooden rollers supporting, or bearing, an object being moved is of great antiquity, and may predate the invention of the wheel. Though it is claimed that the Egyptians used roller bearings in the form of tree trunks under sleds. They are depicted in their own drawings in the tomb of Djehutihotep as moving massive stone blocks on sledges with liquid-lubricated runners which would constitute a plain bearing, there are also Egyptian drawings of bearings used with hand drills. The earliest recovered example of a rolling element bearing is a ball bearing supporting a rotating table from the remains of the Roman Nemi ships in Lake Nemi. The wrecks were dated to 40 BC, leonardo da Vinci incorporated drawings of ball bearings in his design for a helicopter around the year 1500. This is the first recorded use of bearings in an aerospace design, however, Agostino Ramelli is the first to have published sketches of roller and thrust bearings. An issue with ball and roller bearings is that the balls or rollers rub against each other causing additional friction which can be reduced by enclosing the balls or rollers within a cage, the captured, or caged, ball bearing was originally described by Galileo in the 17th century. The first practical caged-roller bearing was invented in the mid-1740s by horologist John Harrison for his H3 marine timekeeper and this uses the bearing for a very limited oscillating motion but Harrison also used a similar bearing in a truly rotary application in a contemporaneous regulator clock. The first modern recorded patent on ball bearings was awarded to Philip Vaughan and his was the first modern ball-bearing design, with the ball running along a groove in the axle assembly. Bearings played a role in the nascent Industrial Revolution, allowing the new industrial machinery to operate efficiently. For example, they saw use for holding wheel and axle to greatly reduce friction over that of dragging an object by making the act over a shorter distance as the wheel turned. The first plain and rolling-element bearings were wood closely followed by bronze, over their history bearings have been made of many materials including ceramic, sapphire, glass, steel, bronze, other metals and plastic which are all used today
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Car
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A car is a wheeled, self-powered motor vehicle used for transportation and a product of the automotive industry. The year 1886 is regarded as the year of the modern car. In that year, German inventor Karl Benz built the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, cars did not become widely available until the early 20th century. One of the first cars that was accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the United States of America, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, cars are equipped with controls used for driving, parking, passenger comfort and safety, and controlling a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, examples include rear reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in car entertainment. Most cars in use in the 2010s are propelled by a combustion engine. Both fuels cause air pollution and are blamed for contributing to climate change. Vehicles using alternative fuels such as ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are also gaining popularity in some countries, electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, began to become commercially available in 2008. There are costs and benefits to car use, the costs of car usage include the cost of, acquiring the vehicle, interest payments, repairs and auto maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society of car use include, maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, health care, road traffic accidents are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide. The benefits may include transportation, mobility, independence. The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies and it was estimated in 2010 that the number of cars had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up from the 500 million of 1986. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India, the word car is believed to originate from the Latin word carrus or carrum, or the Middle English word carre. In turn, these originated from the Gaulish word karros, the Gaulish language was a branch of the Brythoic language which also used the word Karr, the Brythonig language evolved into Welsh where Car llusg and car rhyfel still survive. It originally referred to any wheeled vehicle, such as a cart, carriage. Motor car is attested from 1895, and is the formal name for cars in British English. Autocar is a variant that is attested from 1895
8.
Hino Motors
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Hino Motors, Ltd. commonly known as simply Hino, is a Japanese manufacturer of commercial vehicles and diesel engines headquartered in Hino-shi, Tokyo. The company is a producer of medium and heavy-duty diesel trucks in Asia. Hino Motors is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and it is a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation and one of 16 major companies of the Toyota Group. The company traces its roots back to the founding of Tokyo Gas Industry Company in 1910, in 1910 Chiyoda Gas Co. was established and competed fiercely against incumbent Tokyo Gas Company fighting for gas lighting users. Tokyo Gas Industry was a supplier for Chiyoda Gas but it was defeated and merged into Tokyo Gas in 1912. It produced its first motor vehicle in 1917, the Model TGE A-Type truck. In 1937, TG&E merged its automobile division with that of Automobile Industry Co. Ltd. four years later, the company changed its name to Diesel Motor Industry Co. Ltd. which would eventually become Isuzu Motors Limited. The following year, the new entity of Hino Heavy Industry Co. Ltd. spun itself out from Diesel Motor Industry Co. Ltd. during World War II, Hino manufactured Type 1 Ho-Ha half-track and Type 1 Ho-Ki armored personnel carrier for the Imperial Japanese Army. The company took its name from the location of its headquarters in Hino city within Tokyo prefecture, to sharpen its marketing focus to customers, in 1948, the company added the name Diesel to become Hino Diesel Industry Co. Ltd. In 1950 the heavy-duty TH10 was introduced, equipped with the all-new 7-liter DS10 diesel engine, an eight-tonner, this was considerably larger than existing Japanese trucks which had rarely been built for more than 6,000 kg payload. The Italian stylist Giovanni Michelotti redesigned the Contessa line in 1964 with a 1300 cc rear-mounted engine, fed by two SU type carburettors, this developed 60 hp in the sedan and 70 hp in the coupé version. However, Hino ceased private car production very quickly in 1967 after joining the Toyota group, in 1963, the Hamura factory began operations, and focused entirely on commercial truck and bus manufacture. Hino Trucks have also assembled in Portugal and in Canada. Hino has been marketing trucks in Canada since the 1970s, Hino Motors Canada Ltd. is the exclusive distributor of Hino products in Canada, and is part of the Toyota Group of Companies, with head office and Parts Distribution Centre in Mississauga, Ontario. In May 2006, Hino opened a new 12,300 m2 assembly plant in Woodstock, Ontario, employing at first 45 and it began assembly of Class 4 and 5 trucks in 2006 and continued to do so until 2010. Since then, it has been building only Class 6 and 7 trucks, Hino Motors Manufacturing Colombia is a partnership between the Mitsui group and the Colombia manager for the Hino Brand, PRACO-Didacol S. A. The partnership assembles medium and heavy trucks, destined mainly to the market for the Andinean. The factory was opened on 9 October 2007 in Cota, a municipality near the city of Bogotá
9.
Truck
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A truck is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, smaller varieties may be similar to some automobiles. Commercial trucks can be large and powerful, and may be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers. Modern trucks are powered by diesel engines, although small to medium size trucks with gasoline engines exist in the US. In the European Union, vehicles with a gross mass of up to 3.5 t are known as light commercial vehicles. Trucks and cars have an ancestor, the steam-powered fardier Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built in 1769. However, steam wagons were not common until the mid-1800s, the roads of the time, built for horse and carriages, limited these vehicles to very short hauls, usually from a factory to the nearest railway station. The first semi-trailer appeared in 1881, towed by a tractor manufactured by De Dion-Bouton. In 1895 Karl Benz designed and built the first truck in history using the internal combustion engine, later that year some of Benzs trucks were modified to become the first bus by the Netphener, the first motorbus company in history. A year later, in 1896, another internal combustion engine truck was built by Gottlieb Daimler, other companies, such as Peugeot, Renault and Büssing, also built their own versions. The first truck in the United States was built by Autocar in 1899 and was available with optional 5 or 8 horsepower motors, trucks of the era mostly used two-cylinder engines and had a carrying capacity of 3,300 to 4,400 lb. In 1904,700 heavy trucks were built in the United States,1000 in 1907,6000 in 1910, after World War I, several advances were made, pneumatic tires replaced the previously common full rubber versions. Electric starters, power brakes,4,6, and 8 cylinder engines, closed cabs, the first modern semi-trailer trucks also appeared. Touring car builders such as Ford and Renault entered the heavy truck market, although it had been invented in 1890, the diesel engine was not common in trucks in Europe until the 1930s. In the United States, it took longer for diesel engines to be accepted. The word truck might come from a back-formation of truckle, meaning small wheel or pulley, from Middle English trokell, another possible source is the Latin trochus, meaning iron hoop. In turn, both sources emanate from the Greek trokhos, meaning wheel, from trekhein, the first known usage of truck was in 1611, when it referred to the small strong wheels on ships cannon carriages. In its extended usage it came to refer to carts for carrying heavy loads and its expanded application to motor-powered load carrier has been in usage since 1930, shortened from motor truck, which dates back to 1901
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Bus
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A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers, many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus do not charge a fare, in many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special licence above and beyond a regular drivers licence. Horse-drawn buses were used from the 1820s, followed by steam buses in the 1830s, the first internal combustion engine buses, or motor buses, were used in 1895. Recently, interest has been growing in hybrid electric buses, fuel cell buses, as of the 2010s, bus manufacturing is increasingly globalised, with the same designs appearing around the world. Bus is a form of the Latin word omnibus. The first horse-drawn omnibus service was started by a businessman named Stanislas Baudry in the French city of Nantes in 1823, Nantes citizens soon gave the nickname omnibus to the vehicle. The omnibus in Nantes was a success and Baudry moved to Paris, a similar service was introduced in London in 1829. The first mechanically propelled omnibus appeared on the streets of London on 22 April 1833, in parallel to the development of the bus was the invention of the electric trolleybus, typically fed through trolley poles by overhead wires. The Siemens brothers, William in England and Ernst Werner in Germany, sir William first proposed the idea in an article to the Journal of the Society of Arts in 1881 as an. arrangement by which an ordinary omnibus. The first such vehicle, the Electromote, was made by his brother Dr. Ernst Werner von Siemens and presented to the public in 1882 in Halensee, Germany. Although this experimental vehicle fulfilled all the criteria of a typical trolleybus. Max Schiemann opened a trolleybus in 1901 near Dresden, in Germany. Although this system operated only until 1904, Schiemann had developed what is now the standard trolleybus current collection system, in the early days, a few other methods of current collection were used. Leeds and Bradford became the first cities to put trolleybuses into service in Great Britain on 20 June 1911, in Siegerland, Germany, two passenger bus lines ran briefly, but unprofitably, in 1895 using a six-passenger motor carriage developed from the 1893 Benz Viktoria. Another commercial bus line using the same model Benz omnibuses ran for a time in 1898 in the rural area around Llandudno. Daimler also produced one of the earliest motor-bus models in 1898, the vehicle had a maximum speed of 18 kph and accommodated up to 20 passengers, in an enclosed area below and on an open-air platform above. With the success and popularity of bus, Daimler expanded production, selling more buses to companies in London and, in 1899, to Stockholm
